_t.,; _,..

::
.... . _.s.


) (

. ..... _,..
t, _, .,. _, ,.: .,.

:
_..: ,sts: ... _,.: _.


-








lv, Dwd, knbmdv
2

lv, Dwd,
knbmdv




cN\: A_vZp Akokv_v\p
A_vZpmln_v\p _mkv (d)




hnh\w

Sn.sI. aplvbno Dacn, XncqcmSn





-

















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
3
.t,:.
XmfpIfn
t]Pv
1) BapJw 5
2) lpw Dwdbpw \nw 8
3) lv DSs\ sNWw 9
4) lpw Dwdbpw \n_w Hcp XhW 11
5) Xu_ sNWw 11
6) lememb kmZyw am{Xw ........ 13
7) lns Dtiyw dns {]oXn am{Xw 14
8) \ IqpImsc ]nSnWw 16
9) hml\n 17
10) Clvdmw 19
11) EXpaXnI FpsNWw 19
12) Clvdmans hkv{Xw 22
13) \nv 23
14) aoJmpI 25
15) aoJmnse ch 31
16) Clvdmans \n_\ 35
17) IpnIfpsS lv 36
18) Clvdmanp tijw 39
19) abnseptm 47
20) "Xhnb' Zn\w 59
21) Ad^mZn\w 61







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
4
22) Ad^bn \n 62
23) XncsSp {]m\I 64
24) apkvZen^bn 78
25) an\mbntep \ow 80
26) arK_en 93
27) {]tXyIw {intXv 97
28) ]nXamcpsS ISa 105
29) hnShm Xzhm^v 109
30) akvPnZp_n ki\hpw acymZIfpw 111
31) Hcpt_m[\w 129
32) Jp_mbnse ]n 134





***********

















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
5
.:i ....
BapJw

. :
lns t{ijvTXbpw acymZIfpw lv bm{X Dtin
h AXymhiyw Adnncnt Imcyfpw lv, Dwd
Fnhsb kw_np kp{][m\amb ]e {]iv\
fpw kwn]v Xambpw hyambpw hnhcnp Hcp sNdp
{KamWnXv. Amlphns InXm_pw Amlphns
dkqens kppw ASnm\amn XsbmhWw Cu
{Ksap Rm hfscb[nIw \njvIjnnpv. apkv
enwItfmSp KpWImwbmbpw Xmsg ]dbp JpB
hmIyfpsSbpw \_nhN\nsbpw kmmXvIcW
ambpamWv Rm\o {Kw cNnnp Xv. Amlp ]dbpp:
) ) ( : (
"\o DZvt_m[nnpI. DZvt_m[\w kXyhnizmknI
v {]tbmP\sSpw."
) (
) : (







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
6
"thZ{Kw \Ish AXp P\v hnhcnv
sImSpWsapw, adpshcpsXpw Amlp Ah
tcmSv Icm hmnbnptXmnpI."
) ( ) : (
"]pWyIfnepw `b`nbnepw \nft\ym\yw
klmbnpI."
\_n (k.A) ]dXmbn kzlolmb lZokn
Cs\ hncnpp.' aXw FXv Iqdp]peemWv.'
aqv XhW \_n (k.A) CXmhnp. Atm Hcmf
t\zjnp 'BtcmSv Amlphns dkqte?' AhnSpp
]dp: 'Amlphnt\mSv, Ahs InXm_nt\mSv, Ahs
dkqent\mSv, apkvenwIfnse t\XmtfmSpw Ahcnse
s]mXpP\tmSpw.'
lpssZ^ (d) \_n (k.A)sb Dcnv sImv C{]
Imcw ]dXmbn Camw Xz_vdm\n Cs\ tcJsSpn
bncnpp.
\_n (k. A) ]dp:' apkvenwIfpsS Imcyn
{inmh Ahcn s]hc. cmhnsebpw sshIp
tchpw Amlphnt\mSpw, Ahs InXm_nt\mSpw, Ah
s dkqent\mSpw, Ahs Camant\mSpw apkvenw s]mXp
P\tmSpw Iqdp]pemh Ahcn s]h\.'
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
7
Cu {Kw F\npw apkvenwIpw {]tbmP\s
Ss Fpw, CXn\p thnbp {iaw Amlphns
kwXr]vXnpw, A\p{KloX kzfnembnsmv Ah
hnPbnm\pw ImcWambnocs Fpw Rm
AmlpthmSv tXSpp.










***********












lv, Dwd, knbmdv
8

lpw Dwdbpw \nw
kXyw a\nemn AXv ]n]phm\p Xu^oJv
F\npw \npw Amlp {]Zm\w sNs. Amlp
Xs ASnaIv Ahs BZcWobKrlntep
XomS\w (lv) \n_amnbnpspw AXv
Ckvemans Ap LSIfnsemmbnmWv \nbnnp
sXpw \n a\nemnbncnWw. Amlp ]d
bpp:
)
( ) : (
"Ignhph lv sNWsaXv P\v Am
lphnt\mSp ISmSmWv. Bscnepw Ahnizknm,
Amlp ktemItcmSpw bmsXmcm{ibhpanmh\m
Wv (Fh a\nemWw)."
C_v\p Da (d) \nv _pJmcnbpw apkvenapw Dcn
Hcp lZokv C{]ImcamWv.
\_n (k.A) ]dp.' ApImcyfntemWv
Ckvemw \nnsnpXv. AmlphmsX asmcmcm
[y\nspw aplZv (k.A) Amlphns ZqX\msW
pw kmyw hlnpI, \akvImcw \ne\npI, \n_
Zm\w \IpI, dakmamkn t\mv t\mpI,
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
9
Amlphns BZcWob Krlntev XomS\w
(lv) sNpI.'
Dadp_v\p Jm_v ]dXmbn kCuZv Atln
s kp\\n Cs\ tcJsSpnbnpv. 'Cu ]W
fnsemw Bsf Abv, Ignhpmbnpw lv sNm
hcmbn Bscnepw AhnSfnepsn Ip
]nSnp AhcpsSta Pnkvb(Iw) Npanbmtem Fv
Rm\mtemNnpt]mbn. Ahcmcpw apkvenwIf; Ah
apkvenwItfb.'
Aen (d) ]dXmbn C{]Imcw tcJsSpn ImWp
p. ' ln\v Ignhpmbnpw AXpt]nh PqXt\m
{Inkv Xym\ntbm Bbnp acnm AkmwKXyan.'

lv DSs\ sNWw
CXphsc lv sNmhv AXn\p Ignhp
mbm DSs\ AXp \nhln \namWv.
C_v\p Amkv (d)\npcns Hcp lZokv C{]
ImcamIpp.' \_n (k) ]dp: Ignbpw thKw lv
sNpI. AhnNmcnXambn X\nsv kw`hnpsav
\nfn Bpw AdnpIqSm.' (AlvaZv)
"P\fn Ignhph IAv _sb lv sNWsa
Xv Ahv AmlpthmSp ISmSmWv. B Ahniz
knmepw Amlp temInemscbpw B{ibntXnm







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
10
h\{X." F JpB hmIynsbpw, 'P\sf,
Xobmbpw Amlp \nfpsSta lv \n_am
nbnpv. AXn\m \n lv sNpho' F
apkvenw (d) Dcn \_n hN\nsbpw hyamb kqN
\bpw Ignhph DSs\s lv sNbvXncn
\n_amsWv XsbmWv.
Dwd \n_amsWXnpw [mcmfw lZokpI
sXfnhpv. Pn_vco (A) \_n (k)bpsS ASpv hv
Ckvemw Fmsev Fv tNmZnXnv \_n (k) \Inb
adp]Sn AXnsemmWv. \_n (k) ]dp: Amlp
AmsX asmcmcm[y\panspw aplZv (k) Amlp
hns dkqemsWpw \o kmyw hlnWw, \akvImcw
\ne\nWw, kmv \IWw, lpw Dwdbpw sN
Ww. kwtbmKm\cw IpfnWw, hpfp ) ( ]qam
bn \nhlnWw, t\mv t\mWw CsXmsbmWv
Ckvemw. Dadp_v\pJm_n \npw C_v\pJpsska,
ZmdpJpXzv\n Fnh Dcnnp Hcp lZoks{X CXv.
CXns \nthZI ]cc (k\Zv) ncsXpw kzlolp
amsWv ZmdpJpXzv\n ]dnpapv.
'Amlphns dkqte, kv{XoIv PnlmZv \n_
aptm? F Bbni (d)bpsS tNmZynv \_n (k)
\Inb adp]Snbpw CXmWv IpdnpXv. 'Ahv \n
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
11
_ambnpXv bpanm PnlmZmWv. AXmbXv
lpw Dwdbpw' kzlolmb k\tZmSpIqSn AlvaZpw (d)
C_v\pamPbpw (d) Cu lZokpcnnpv.

lpw Dwdbpw \n_w Hcp XhW
'lv Hcp XhW aXn. A[nIw XhW sNbvXm
AXv kpv am{XamWv' F kzlolmb \_n hN\
ns ASnm\n lpw Dwdbpw PohnXnsemcn
am{Xta \n_ambn sNtXpp.
lpw Dwdbpw IqSpXembn sNbvXpsImncnp
Xv kpmWv. A_qlpssdd (d)bn \npw _pJmcn
(d)hpw apkv enapw (d) Dcn Hcp lZokneqsS CXv
m]nsnpv. Alqlpssdd (d) ]dp: Hcn
\_n (k) ]dbpIbpmbn, Dwd, ASp Dwd hsc CSv
sNbvXpt]mb ]m]v ]cnlmcamWv. ]pWy ]q
amb lnv kzamsX asmcp {]Xn^ehpan.'

Xu_ sNWw
Hcp apkvenw lnt\m, Dwdtm ]pdsSm
Xocpam\nm, Xs IpSpw_sfbpw, _pan{XmZn
Isfbpw Amlpsh `bspsImpw, Ah
InXp A\pjvTnpsImpw, hntcm[nXp shSnp
sImpw PohnXw \bnm D]tZinWw. X\np,







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
12
Inm\pw Xm sImSpm\pap ISsfmw FgpXn
kmysSppIbpw, Fm ]m] IrXyfn \npw
\njvIfamb Xu_ (]mm]w) \SnbncnpIbpw
thWw. Amlp ]dbpXv ImWpI:
) ) ( : (
"kXyhnizmknItf, \nsfmhcpw Amlphn
tev tJZnp aSpI. \nv hnPbw hcnmw."
]m]IrXy ]msS shSnbpIbpw sNbvXpt]mb
]m]fn tJZnpIbpw Ah hopw BhnpI
bnsv ZrV{]XnsbSppIbpamWv Xu_ sImpt
insSpXv. P\fpsS Poht\m, [\tam, A`nam\tam,
Xm Itw sNbv Xnpsn BbXv bm{Xpapv
Xs Xncnp sImSppItbm s]mcpsSphnpItbm
sNbvXncnWw. \_n (k) bn \nv kzlolmbn
Dcns Hcp lZokn C{]Imcw hncnpp:
\_n (k) ]dp: Xs ktlmZcs [\ntem
A`nam\ntem Bscnepw Itw sNbvXnpsn,
shnbpw kzhpw ^esSm Znhkw hcpXnp
apmbn Cv Xs AXn \nsmw Ah
ap\mbnsms. Av, Ah sNbvX Itn\p
]Icw Ahs kfn \nv ]nSnsSpsSp
Xmbncnpw kfnsn Xm Itw
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
13
sNshs ZpjvsNbvXnI Xs ta NpasSp
Xmbncnpw.

lememb kmZyw am{Xw
lnp]tbmKnWw
A\phZ\ob amneqsS kmZn ]cnipamb
[\n \nv am{Xta lnsbpw DwdbptSbpw
Nnehnmbn XncsSpmhq FmWv \_n (k)bn
\npw kzlolmbn sXfnbnsnpXv.
) (
"Amlp XBe ]cnip\s{X, ]cnipambXv am{X
ta Ah kzoIcnpIbpp".
Xz_vdm\n (d) A_qlpssdd (d)hn \nn{]Imcw
Dcnncnpp: \_n (k) ]dp: ]cnipamb ]mtYb
hpambn Hcm bm{X ]pdsSpIbpw hml\n Ibdn
' \ns hnfnnXm Rm\pcw \Inbncn
pp. RfpsS \mYm, Rm\nXm hnfntIspp.'
Fpn hnfnp ]dbpIbpw sNbvXm BImip
\nv Hcp aev hnfnp ]dbpw: '\n\pcw \I
sncnpp. Amlphns A\p{Klw \ns Bioh
Znncnpp, \ns ]mtYbw lem! \ns hml\hpw
lem Xs! \ns lv ]pWyIhpw IpaXpa







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
14
s{X!' No ]mtYbhpambn Hcm ln\p ]pdsSpI
bpw hml\n Ibdn " " hnfnpIbpw
sNbvXm BImip \np aev ]dbpw '\ns
hnfnpcan! Amlphns A\p{Klw \ns Xgp
IpIbn! \ns ]mtYbw ldmw! \ns kmZyhpw ldmw
Xs! \ns lv kzoIcya.'
A\ycpsS knt\mSp Xmcyw ImWnpIbpw
AhtcmSv bmNnpIbpw sNpXv lmPnv `qjWa.
\_n (k) Hcn ]dbpIbpmbn: 'Hcm am\yX
]menm Amlp Ahs am\yX \ne\npw, Hcm
kzm{ibXzw ssIsImm Amlp Ahs\ \ncm{ib
\mpw.' \_n (k) hopw ]dp: 'Hcm bmNnp
bmNnp Imew Ignv HSphn Ay\mfnseptm
Ahs apJv Hcp Xpv t]mepw amwkapmbncnp
Ibn.'

lns Dtiyw dns {]oXn am{Xw
lmPn Xs lv sImpw Dwd sImpw Amlp
hns {]oXnbpw ]ctemI hnPbhpamsX eyw shv
IqSm. B ]pWy efn sNv Amlphnv
Xr]vXnIcamb hmpIfneqsSbpw {]hnIfneqsSbpw
Aht\mSSpw t\SpI am{XambncnWw Xs Dw.
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
15
Xs lneqsS `uXnIamb t\tam, temIam\yw,
{]ikvXn, s]cpa, apXembhtbm DtinmXncnm
Atbw kqntXmWv. AsXmw Xs A[a
amb eyfpw Xs I \njv^ehpw AkzoImcy
hpamnop ImcWfpamWv. Amlp ]dbp
Xv t\mpI.
)
.
(
"`uXnI PohnXhpw AXns Aemchpw Dtinp
{]hnphv AhnsS shpXs AhcpsS
{]h\ \mw \ndthnsmSppw. bmsXmcp
Ipdhpw AhhnsS DmIpIbn. Acmp
]ctemIn \cIamsX asmpw CXs. Ah
]WnXpmnbsXmw s]mfnp XIpt]mbn. Ah
{]hnncpsXmw shdpw s]mcw am{Xw".
asmcnSv Amlp ]dbpXn{]ImcamWv.
)
.
( ) : , (







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
16
" BcmtWm sFlnIPohnXw eyampXv Ahcn
\mw Dtinphv \mw Dtinp{X AhnsSshp
Xs XzcnXsSpnsmSppw. ]noSv \mw Ahp
GsSpnbnpXv \cIamWv. \ny\pw A`ni]vX\p
ambnsmv Ah\Xn shscnbpw. Fm Bsc
nepw ]ctemI PohnXw eyampIbpw, bYm
hnizmknbmbnsmv AXntXmb {]h\fn
tesSpIbpw sNbvXm AhcpsS {]bXv\w kzoImcy
ambncnpw."
\_n (k) bn \nv kzlolmbn C{]Imcw Dcn
snpv. 'AhnSpv ]dp: " Amlp ]dbpp:
]mfnIsftmse ]mfnXzns (inns) Bhiyta
Cmh\s{X Rm. FtmSv ]v tNpsImp
h {]h\hpw Bscnepw sNbvXm Ahs\bpw
Ahs inns\bpw Rm\v hntbvpw!"

\ IqpImsc ]nSnWw
XJvhbpw I\njvTbpw aX]mnXyhpap \
hcpsS IqsSbmbncnWw bm{XsNtXv. hnhcw sI
hcpsSbpw ZpSpImcpsSbpw IqpsIv kqnWw.
lnsbpw DwdbpsSbpw Ifpw apw \
t]mse ]TnncnWw. Ah \mbn {KlnncnpIbpw
thWw. kwib tNmZndnp XncppIbpw Fm
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
17
Imcysfpdnpw ]qt_myaph\mbncnpIbpw
thWw.

hml\n
arKtam, Imtdm, hnam\tam GXp Xcnep hml\
ambncpmepw AXp Ibdptm _nkvan sNmpIbpw
Amlpsh kvXpXnpIbpw aqv XhW XIv _o
sNmpIbpw sNbvXtijw C{]Imcw ]dbWw.
) .



(
'Cu hml\w \v hnt[bamnhs
]cnipnsb Rm hmgv pp. AXns \nmXm
\ftm. \ \psS dntep aSth
XsbmWv. Amlpth, Fs bm{Xbn ]pWyhpw
`nbpw \n\v Xr]vXnIcamb Ihpw Rm \ntmSv
tXSpp. Amlpth! RfpsS Cu bm{X Rp
\o kpKaamntcWta, AXns AIew Npcpntc







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
18
Wsa, Amlpth \obmWv bm{Xbnse IqpImc,
IpSpw_nse {]Xn\n[nbpw \o Xs. Amlpth,
bm{Xm tin \npw Zb\obmhbn\npw,
[\nepw IpSpw_nepw Zpc\p`hfn\npw
\ntmSv am{Xw R A`bw tXSpp. (C_v\p Dadn
\nv kzlolv apkvenw).
bm{Xbn Amlpshpdnp kvacWbpw, Ah
t\mSp ]mm]hpw, {]m\bpw, IogvhWhpw,
JpB ]mcmbWhpw, AXns DSspdnp
Nnbpsamambn kabw IgntXmWv. \akvmc
Iqmbn \nhlnpXnXs \njvTbphcmbn
cnWw. AXpanXpw ]dvsImncnpI, Bhiy
anm Imcyfn CSs]SpI, AXpt]mse Xs Ifhv ,
]cZqjWw, GjWn, IqpImscbpw ap apkvenw
ktlmZctfbpw ]cnlknpI apXembhbn
\nsmw Xs \mhns\ ImpkqnWw. Iqp
Imv D]Imcw sNbv XpsImncnpI, Ahsc t{Zmln
mXncnpI, Ignh\pkcnpw bpn]qhIambpw,
kZp]tZifneqsSbpw \Xv IvnpIbpw No
hntcm[npIbpw sNpI Chbnepw \njvT ]menWw.



















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
19

Clvdmw

aoJmnseptm IpfnpIbpw kpKw ]qip
Ibpw sNpXv kpmWv. \_n (k) Clvdman
{]thintm Xpnb hkv{Xw Agnp ampIbpw Ipfnv
kpKw ]qipIbpw sNbvXncppshv kzlolmb
lZokpIfneqsS ncoIcnsnpv. _pJmcnbpw
apkvenapw IqSn Dcn lZokv C{]ImcamWv. Bbni (d)
]dbpp:' \_n (k) Clvdman {]thinpXnv
apmbn Clvdmanpthn Atln\p Rm kpKw
]qinsmSpmdpmbncpp. Clvdman\nsmgnhmIp
Xnv thn Xzhm^n\p appw'.

EXpaXnI FpsNWw

Bbni (d) Dwdv thnbmbncpp Clvdmw sNbvXncp
Xv. Ah EXpaXnbmbtm Ipfnp sImv ln\p
thn Clvdmw sNm \_n (k) AhtcmSv Inp.
Akvam _nXp Dssakv (d) Zplpsse^bn shv
{]khntm Ipfnp {Uv sNbv XpsImv Clvdman
{]thinm \_n (k) AhtcmSv I]np. CXn \np
a\nemIpXv BhImcnbmbnsmtm, {]khw







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
20
Ign Ahbntem aoJmnsenbm IpfnXn\p
tijw aphtcmsSmw Clvdman {]thinWsa
mWv. Xzhm^v HgnsI lmPnam sNp Fm
Ifpw Ah sNWw FmWtm Bbni (d)
tbmSpw Akv a (d)tbmSpw \_n (k) I]nXv
Clvdman {]thinph XfpsS aoi, \Jw,
Insebpw, Kply`mKsbpw tcma Fnh
\ow sNtXmWv. Clvdman {]thinXn\p tijw
Ahsbmpw \ow sNmhpX. Clvdman\p am{Xa
ahkcfnepw Ah \ow sNpXv kpmWv.
A_qlpssdd (d) bn \npcns Hcp lZokn
\_n (k) C{]Imcw ]dncnpp. ' ip{]IrXnbpsS
Xm]cyw Ap ImcyfmWv. tNemIw, Kplytcmaw
\o, aoi sh, \Jw apdn, Itcmaw \o
Fnh.' (_pJmcn, apkvenw)
A\kv (d) ]dbpp: 'aoi shpI, \Jw apdnpI,
Itcmaw \opI, Kplytcmaw \opI Fnh \m
Xp Znhkne[nIw \onsmp t]mIcpsXv
apkvenwIv kabw \nbnsncnpp. (apkvenw)
\kmCu, AlvaZv, A_qZmhqZv, XnanZn FnhcpsS
dntmn '\_n (k) Rv kab\nbw sNbvXp
Xnpv' Fv Xs hyamnbnpv.
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
21
XeapSnsb kw_nnStmfw kv{Xotbm, ]pcpjt\m
Clvdman\pthn Hpw Xs \ow sNtXmbn
idC C. Fm XmSn hSnptXm, AXn\n
sanepw \ow sNptXm Clvdmans\ GXhkc
nepw ldmamWv. Fp Xsb XmSn \on hfpI
bmWv hmPn_v. C_v\pDa (d) hn\np _pJmcnbpw,
apkvenapw Dcn Hcp lZokv C{]ImcamWv:
" "
\_n (k) ]dp: 'apivcnv (_lpssZh hnizmkn)
ItfmSp \n FXncmbncnWw. XmSn karambn
hfpIbpw aoi ]sshpIbpw sNpI.'
'XmSn \opI, aoishpI, Anbmcm[ItcmSv (aPqkn
ItfmSv) \n FXncmbncnpI' Fv \_n (k) ]d
Xmbn A_qlpssddbn \nv apkvenw Dcnnpv.
Cmev A[nIamfpIfpw Cu kpnsXncmbn
{]hnpIbpw XmSntbmSv kacw {]Jym]npIbpw,
AhnizmknItfmSpw kv{XoItfmSpw kmZriyw ImWnp
Xn kwXr]vXcmbncnpIbpw sNbvXpsImncnpXv
hnsmcm]pXsbmWv. aX ]nXmcpw Aym]
Icpsamw ChcnsSppshXv AXn`bcw Xs.
\_n (k)bpsS kpv apdpsI
]nSnpsImv PohnXw \bnm\pw AXntep P\sf







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
22
Wnp sImncnphm\pw \appw ap apkvenwI
pw Amlp A\p{Klw \Is Fv \apv
{]mnmw. P\ `qcn]hpw AXnjvSsns
nepw icn. \apmlphns Xr]vXn aXn.


Clvdmans hkv{Xw
]noSv ]pcpj\msWn Hcp XpWnbpw Xhpw
AWnbWw. Ah shfpXpw hrnbpXpambncn
emWv \Xv. sNcnWnbpXpw kpp Xs. \_n
(k) ]dbpXv ImWpI: " "
'XpWnbpw Xhpw cp sNcnpw AWnpsImmWv
\ntfmtcmcpcpw Clvdman {]thintXv.'
(AlvaZv)
Fm kv{Xov AhfpsS CjvSwt]mse IdptXm,
]tbm, assnepw \ndneptXmBb hkv{XaWn
psImv Clvdman {]thinmw. ]pcpj thjw
A\pIcnpXpw kqnpIXs thWw. kv{Xo ]
hkv{XaWnt Clvdman {]thinmhq F Nnebmfp
IfpsS [mcWv HcSnm\hpan.


















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
23

\nv
Ipfnp hrnbmbn Clvdmans hkv{XsamaWn
Xn\v tijw Xm Dtinp Iw ltm Dwdtbm
GXmsWn AXn {]thinpp Fv a\n
IcpXWw. \_n (k) ]dbpp:
) (
'\npI\pkcnv am{XamWv I. Hmtcm
a\pjy\pw Xm\ptinXn\p am{Xta AhImiapp'.
(IfpsS {]Xn^e Dtia\pkcnp am{Xambn
cnpw) a\psImp IcpXpXv ChnsS ChnsS \mhp
sImp DcphnSpIbpw thWw. DwdbmWptisan
Ftm Ftm ]dbWw. 'Amlpth,
Dwd \nhlnv sImv \ns hnfnv Rm\nXm Dcw
sNbvXncnpp' Fv kmcw. C\n lmWptisan
Ftm Ftm ]dbWw.
"Amlpth, lv \nlnpsImv \ns hnfnv
Rm\nXm Dcw \Inbncnpp" Fw.
\_n (k) As\ sNbvXXp sImmWns\
DcphnSWsav ]dbpXv. arKtam, Imtdm t]msebp
hml\fn IbdnbncpXnv tijw As\ DcphnSp







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
24
XmWv Ghpw t{ijvTambnpXv. FpsImm
\_n (k) Xs hml\pdv Ibdnbncpv aoJmn
\nv AXv \Sv \onbXn\p tijamWv X_nbv
sNmnpSnbXv. ]nXmcpsS A`n{]mbfn
Ghpw icnbmbnpXpw AXpXs.
\nv DcphnSpXv Clvdman am{XamsX
asmchkcnepw kp. \_n (k) bn \nv A{X
am{Xta sXfnnpp. \akvImcw, Xzhm^v XpSnb ap
Ifnsempw \nv \mhpsImpcphnpIqSm
XmWv. Ftm
Ftm (Rm C \akvImcw Dtinpp, Rm
Xzhm^v IcpXpp) ]dbmhpX. Fv am{Xa
As\ DcphnSpXv aXn ]pXnb \nnXnbpamWv.
AXv Dds DcnpXv Ghpw Nobpw ISp
]m]hpas{X. \nv DcphnSpXv idCmb Hcmhiy
ambncpsn \_n (k) hmv sImpw {]hn
sImpw kapZmbn\Xv hnhcnp hyamn sImSpp
ambncpp. ke^pzmenlpI amscmfpw apv AXv
BNcnpambncpp.
\_n(k) bn \ntm, AhnSps kzlm_nIfn
\ntm DcnsSmXn\m AXv _nZvAmsWv
hyamWtm. \_n (k) ]dbpXv t\mq:
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
25
) (
'Imcyfnshp NobmbnpXv ]p\mNmc
fmWv. _nZv ApI (aXnse ]pXnb \nnXnI)
FmwhgntISpw'. (apkvenw)

aoJmpI
aoJmpI AsamWv:
1) aZo\mcpsS aoJmmb 'Zplpsse^'.
'A_vbmAen' FmWv AXns Cs t]cv.
2) kndnbmcpsS aoJmmb 'APplv^' dm_nKn
Spp P\hmkanmsmcp {KmaamWv. Cv dm_nKn
shmWv BfpI ClvdmwsIpXv. Clvdmw dm_nKn
shmbmepw aoJmn shv Xs. ImcWw dm_nKv
nXn sNpXv APplv^bpsS Aev]w apn
embnmWv.
3) \PvZvImcpsS aoJmmb 'J\pa\mkn' 'ssk'
F t]cnemWv Cv B ew AdnbsSpXv.
4) baImcpsS aoJmmb 'bewew'
5) CdmJpmcpsS aoJmmb 'ZmpCJv'
Cu aoJmpI ap ]d \mpImpw
ln\pw, Dwdpambn AhbneqsS ISphcp ap
\mpImpw \_n (k) \nbnpsImSpnpXmWv.







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
26
AXvsImv B aoJmpI hgn ISvt]mIph
AhnsSshpXs Clvdman {]thinpXp \n_
amWv. lnt\m, Dwdtm abntev t]mIph
ClvdmtamSpIqSnbmsX B aoJmpIfneqsS ISp
t]mIpXv ldmamWv. bm{X `qanbneqsSbmbmepw, BImi
pIqSnbmbmepw icn. \_n (k) B aoJmpI
\nbnv sImv ]d hmpIfpsS s]mXp Xmev]cyw
AXpXsbmWv. 'Ah AhnSpImpw AhbneqsS
lpw, Dwdbpw Dtinv hcp aphpw D
aoJmpIfmWv '.
hnam\ amw ltm, Dwdtbm Dtinv abntev
]pdsSph hnam\w IbdpXnv apv Xs Ipfn
apXembsXmw Ignp AXnsmcptXmWv. aoJmn
t\mSSpm Clvdmans XpWnbpw XhpaWnv
Dwdv thn X_nbv sNmWw. lns apmbn
Dwdx \nhlnm\p kabw Inpsan am{Xta
As\ sNmhq.
As\bsn ln\p thnbmbncnWw
X_nbv sNmpXv . hml\w IbdpXnv aptm
aoJmnsepXnv aptm Clvdmans XpWnbpw
XhpaWnbpXnp hntcm[an. Fm aoJmnt\m
SSppItbm, AXns t\sc FpItbm sNbvXm
am{Xta In {]thinppshv IcpXpItbm
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
27
X_nbv sNmpItbm BImhq. ImcWw \_n (k)
aoJmn \np am{Xta Clvdman {]thinncppp.
asm Imcytfbpw t]mse CXnepw \_n (k) bpsS
amXrI ]n]pIbmWv kapZmbnv \n_ambnp
ffXv. Amlp ]dbpXv t\mpI:
) (
"Amlphns dkqen \nv Da amXrI
bpv". lp hnZmC \_n (k) ]dXn
{]ImcamWv: " " '\nfpsS I
FtmSp ]TnpI'.
ltm, Dwdxtbm DtianmsX IhSw, hndIv
Fnp sImSp, X]m hnXcWw t]msebp
Bhiynmbn abntep t]mIphv Clvdmw
Bhiyan. Xm]cyw tXmppshn am{Xw
sNmhpXmWv. aoJmpIsf hnhcnp sImv \_n
(k) ]d apIfn sImSp lZokv hyampXpw
AXpXsbmWv. 'Ah B \mpImpw, lpw Dwdx
bpw IcpXn B hgnp ISphcphpw' Fs{X
\_n(k) ]dXv. lpw Dwdbpw DtianmsX
aoJmpIfneqsS ISp hcphp Clvdmw \n_
ansv kmcw. CXv Amlp Xs ASnaIv sNbvXp







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
28
sImSp A\p{Klhpw kuIcyhpas{X. AXnhv
kvXpXnbpw \nbpw!
\_n (k) a PbnSpXnv thn abn
htm ClvdmtamSp IqSnbmbncpn, Xebn ]S
smn [cnv sImmbncpp hXv . Atcw Dwdtbm,
ltm Atlns eyambncpn. a PbnSn
AhnsSbp inpI XpSp ampIbmbncpp
Dtiw. Cu kw`hw ta {]kvXmhnXns\ _esSp
ppv.
aoJmpIfn, Pn, Dpew, _lvd, AdmbnDv,
_Zv, akv qd t]msebp ehmknIv apIfn
]d AntesXnepsamcp aoJmn t]mbn Clvdmw
sItXn. Ahs hoSp XsbmWhs aoJmv.
ltm, Dwdtbm GXmWv Xm\ptinpsXn
AXnhnsS \nv Clvdmw sInbm aXn. aoJmnv
]pdv kzambn hoSpsn AbmnjvSw t]mse
sNmhpXmWv. aoJmn shpw Clvdman {]thin
mw, atbmSSp Xs hon shpw Clvdman
{]thinmw. aoJmpI hnhcnp sImp C_v\p
Amkv Dcn \_n hN\ns s]mXpshbp
kqN\ AXmWv. \_n (k) ]dp:
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
29
) (
) (
'Ahv CpdaphcpsS aoJmv AhcpsS hoSp
XsbmWv. am abn shpXs Clvdman
{]thinm aXn'.
Fm ldan\pn Xmaknp Hcm Dwdx
sNm\ptinm ldans ]pdv t]mbn Clvdmw sIt
XmIpp. Fv sImsm Bbni (d) X\npw Dwd
sNWsav \_n (k)tbmSmhiystm, AhcpsS
ktlmZc A_vZpdlvamt\mSv Bbnisbbpw sImv
ldan\p ]pdv t]mbn Clvdmw sIn hcphm \_n (k)
\ntinpIbpmbn. Cu lZokv sImv ldan
shp Dwd sNm\ptinph ldanv ]pdp
t]mbn Clv dmw sIn hcnIXs thWw Fp sXfn
bpp. apv ]d C_v\p Amkv (d)s lZoknse
'am abn \nv Clvdmw sIWw' F \_n
(k)bpsS {]kvXmh\ sImv lv am{XamWv Dtin
npXv. Dwdb Fv Cu lZokv sImv a\nemmw.
ldan shv Dwdv Clvdmw sIpXv A\phZ\ob
ambncppshn Bbni (d)tbmSv ldans ]pdv
t]mbn Clvdmw sIm \nnpambncpn. AhnsS







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
30
shp Xs Clvdmw sIm A\phZnpambncpp. CXv
hfsc hyIvXamb ImcyamWv. `qcn]w ]nXamcpsS
A`n{]mbhpw CXp XsbmWv. Hcp apAvan\nv kzoIcn
mhp ]Izamb amhpanXmWv. Ccp lZokpIfp
tSbpw ASnm\n {]hnm\p Ahkcw CXv
sImv e`npw. .
Fm Cv ]ecpw sNp t]mse ln\p apv
Dwd \nlnh ln\p tijw XCuantem ()
PnCdm\ () bntem, atm t]mbn [mcmfambn Dwd
sNbvXp sImncnpXnv bmsXmcSnm\hpan.
As\ sNmXncnpXmWv Ghpw t{ijvTambnp
Xv FXnmWv sXfnhpIfpsS ]n_eapXv. Fv
sImsm \_n (k) bpw kzlm_pw (d) lnv
tijw Dwd sNbvXnn. Bbni (d) abn {]thin
tm EXpaXnbmb ImcWm aphtcmsSmw Dwd
sNbvXncpn. Fm aoJmn shv Ah Dwdv
Clvdmw sInbncpXmWv. AXnv ]Icw Dwd \nln
Wsav \_n (k)tbmSh BhiysX\pkcnv \_n
(k) kXnXv sImpam{XamWh XCuan t]mbn
Clvdman {]thinp Dwd \nlnXv. AXvsIm
hp cv Dwd Inn. Hv lnt\msSmapXv, cv
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
31
ln\p tijw Hv sNbvX Cu Dwdbpw. Bbni (d) v
t\cnXp t]mep {]Xn_ Bsnepw t\cn
m Acmv C{]Imcw Dwd \nlnmsaXnv
am{XamWp sXfnhpIfpsS ]n_eapXv. apkvenwI
sXmcp kuIcyw IqSnbmWtm.
Fm abn {]thinptXmsSmw Dwd
\nlnnp lmPnam lnp tijw XpSbmbn
Dwd sNbv XpsImncnpXv Fmhpw hnjaw
krjvSnpIbpw Xnpw Xncpw IqSn A]ISn
SbmpIbpw sNpp Fp am{Xa \_n (k) bpsS
Ncyv AsXXncmbn `hnpIbpw IqSn sNpp
FXnp bmsXmcp kwibhpan. ,
(Bbni (d) bpsS IqsStmb ktlmZc A_v Zp
dlvam (d) Dwd sNbvXn FXv {]tXyIw {itb
amIpp.]cn`mjI.)

aoJmnse ch
aoJmnsephp chbpmImw. Hv:
dakm, iAv_m t]msebp lntXm amk
fn aoJmnsepI. As\bph Dwdv
Clvdmw sIWw FXmWv kpv AYhm AXv
a\n IcpXn Ftm Ftm







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
32
\mhpsImpcphnSWw. ]ns \_n (k)bpsS X_nb
v sNmWw. AXmbXv )
(
(Amlpth, \ns hnfnnXm Rm Dcw \In
bncnpp. \ns hnfn tIsnbncnpp. \ns hnfn
Rm\nXm sNhnsmncnpp. \n\p bmsXmcp ]p
Imc\pan. \ns hnfnv Rm\pcw \Inbncnpp.
kvXpXnbpw A\p{Klhpw \n\v, cmPm[nImchpw \n\
p Xs Xo. \n\p ]mfnbmbn Bcpw Xsbn).
IAv _bnsepthmfw Cu X_nbv [mcfmambn
sNmnsmncnpIbpw, IqSpXembn Amlpsh kvacn
psImncnpIbpw thWw. (]pcpjm Dnepw
kv{XoI ]XpsbpamWv sNmtXv ]cn`mjI )
As\ IAv _bnsen Ignm X_nbv
\ndpn Ggv XhW IAv _sb Xzhm^v ({]ZnWw)
sNWw. ]ns aJmans ]nn shv cv dIAv
\akvcnWw. ]noSv kz^mbpsSbpw abpsSbpw
CSbvv Ggv XhW kAvbv \SWw. ]noSv XeapSn
IfbpItbm shpItbm thWw. CtXmSpIqSn Dwd
]qnbmIpIbpw Clvdmw sImp ldmambncpsXs
mtam AsXmw CtXmSpIqSn lememIpIbpw sNbvXp.
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
33
cv: im, ZpJAZv, Zplnbnse BZys
]v Znhkw Fo lns amkfn aoJmnse
pI. Acm Xmsg ]dbp aqv Imcyfn
GsXnepw CjvSaph XncSptXmWv . Hp
In lv am{Xw, Asn Dwd am{Xw. AXpsan
lpw Dwdbpw IqSn. FpsImsm \_n (k)
lp hnZmCmbn ZpJAv Zbn aoJmnsen
btm AhnSps klm_nv Cu aqv hn[w I
coXnIfnsemv XncsSpm kzmX{yw \IpIbp
mbn. Ccmcpw _enarKsf IqsS sImphnn
sn Dwdv Clvdmw sIpI am{Xta sNmhq.
lntXm amkfn aoJmnsenbh
sNp t]msesbmw Ahcpw sNWw. Fv sIms
m \_n (k) bpsS kzlm_v abnsemdm
btm AhtcmSv Clvdmw DwdbptSXmn amm\mWv
InXv. abnsenbtm \_n Ahsc AXnv
\n_npIbpmbn. As\ Ah Xzhm^pw
kAvbpw Ign tijw apSnshpIbpw \_n (k)bpsS
I\ {]Imcw XlpemIpIbpwsNbvXp. Fm
_enarKsf IqsS sImphhtcmSp
(Adhp\m) Clvdman \nv HgnhmIpXv hsc







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
34
Clvdman Xs Ignp IqSm\mWv \_n (k)
InXv.
_enarKsf IqsS sImphh ln\pw
Dwdpw Hmbn Clv dmw sIWsaXmWv kpv.
\_n (k) As\bmWv sNbvXXv. Atlw _en
arKsf IqsS sImphnpmbncpp. _en arKs
IqsS sImp hcnIbpw Dwdp am{Xw Clvdmw sIp
Ibpw sNbvXhtcmSv DwdtbmsSmw ln\pw IqSn
Clvdmw sIphm\pw Adhp\mfn cn \npwIqSn
HgnhmIm\pamWv \_n (k) InXv. _enarKs IqsS
sImphh ln\p am{Xta Clvdmw sInbncpp
pshn Adhp \m hsc Jmcn\p () Isftmse
Clvdman Xs IgnpIqSn tijw Clvdman \nv
HgnhmIm\mWv \_n (k) \ntinXv . (ln\pw Dwdpw
IqSn Hw Clvdmw sInb BmWv Jmcn Fv
]dbpXv.)
lnv am{Xtam, ln\pw Dwdpw IqSntbm
Clvdmw sIpIbpw Fm _enarKs IqsS sImp
hcmXncnpIbpw sNbvXhsc kw_nnStmfw Ah
Clvdman XpScpIb, Clvdmw DwdbptSXmn amnbnv
Xzhm^pw kAvbpw Ignv apSn apdnv Clvdman \nv
HgnhmIpIbmWv thsXpw AXmWv kpspw
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
35
ta hnkvXcnXn \nv a\nemmw. _enarKsf
IqsS sImphcm kzlm_nItfmSv \_n (k)
InXv As\bmbncpp. Fm sshInsbn
bXv aqew lv InmsX t]mIpsav `bsSphv
XfpsS Clvdman Xs XpScmw. .

Clvdmans \n_\
tcmKw, i{Xp `bw t]msebp ImcWfm lv
\nlnm km[npIbnsev `bsSphv
'FhnsSsbnepw shv F\np h XShpw t\cnm
AhnsS shp Rm Clvdman \nv HgnhmIpw' Fv
]dp sImv Xs Clvdman {]thinpXmWv
\Xv. Zzp_mAv _nXp kpss_ (d) \_n (k)tbmSv
C{]Imcw tNmZnp: Amlphns dkqte, F\np
lnptiapv, Rm tcmKnbpamWv. Fp sNWw?
\_n (k) adp]Sn \In: 'XSapmIptSv shv
Rm Clvdman \nv HgnhmIpsa \n_\tbmSp
IqSn \o lnv Clvdmw sIpI. (_p.ap.) Cu \n_
\tbmsS lnmbn Clvdman {]thin Bv tcmK
tam, i{XpfpsS XStam ImcWw lv ]qnbm
m km[nmsX hm Abmv Atm Clvdman







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
36
\nv HgnhmImsapw Abm {]mbnambn Hpw
sNtXnspw Cu lZokpsImp a\nemmw.

IpnIfpsS lv
_menIm _memcpsS lv kzoImcyamsWv Xmsg
]dbp \_n hN\ sImv {Klnmw. C_v\p
Amkv (d) ]dbpIbmWv: Hcp kv{Xo Xs sNdnb
Ipnsb FSpv s]mnmWnpsImv \_n (k)tbmSv
tNmZnp: Amlphns dkqte, Cu Ipnv lv
thXptm?. \_n (k) ]dp: 'Dv. {]Xn^ew
\n\pw'.(apkvenw)
F\nv Ggphbptm Fsbpw sImp
t]mbn \_n (k)bpsS IqsS lv sNbvXp Fv kmC_v
_v\pbkoZv (d) ]dXmbn _pJmcn Dcnnpv.
]t Ckv eman \n_ambnp lv CXv
sImv hoSpIbn. C{]Imcw Xs ASnaIfmbp
kv{Xo ]pcpjmcpsS lv icnbmIpsanepw Ckvem
anse \n_amb lv AXpsImv hoSpIbn.
C_v\p A_ossi_ (d)bpw ss_lJn (d)bpw icnbmb
k\ZneqsS C_v\p Amkn \np Dcn Hcp lZokv
CdXnv sXfnhmWv. \_n (k) ]dp: '{]mb
]qnbmIpXn\p apv lv sNbvX IpnI {]mbw
XnIXn\p tijw thsd lv sNtXmWv . lv
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
37
sNbvXnp ASna ]noSp tamNnnsm Ah\pw
asmcp lv sNtXpv.
)
) (
hnthN\ _pnbnm Ipnv thn Ahs
cnXmfmWv Clvdmw \nv sNtXv. Xpm
hkv{X Ahs\ AWnbnpIbpw thWw. Ahv
thn X_nbpw sNmWw. AtXmSpIqSn Ah
Clvdman {]thinh\mbnocpp. km[mcW aplvcnan
p hnepIsfmw Ahpw _m[Iambncnpw.
hnthN\ _pnbnm s] IpnIfptSbpw nXn
CXpXs. cnXmhv Ahp thn Clvdmw \nv
sNpIbpw X_nbp sNmpIbpw hgn Ahfpw
aplvcnamIpp. apXn aplvcnapIp hne
pI Ahpw _m[Iw Xs. Xzhm^ns Ahkc
n AhcncphcptSbpw icochpw hkv{Xhpw hrn
bphbmbncnWw. ImcWw \akvImchpw Xzhm^pw
Hcpt]msebmWv. cnpw ipn imWv. _menIm
_meam hnthN\ _pnbphcmsWn cnXm
fpsS kX{]Imcw Ah Clvdman {]thinWw.
IpfnpI, kpKw ]qipI t]mse henbh
sNpsXms Clvdmans Ahkcn Ahcpw







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
38
sNWw. cnXm amXm]nXmtfm amscneptam
BIs AhcmWv IpnIfpsS Fm ImcyfpsSbpw
DchmZnI. AhcpsS Bhiy \nlnp
sImSpthcpw Ah Xs. PwdIfnse Itdv
t]mse Ahv IgnbmsX hcpXv Ahp thn
cnXmp sNmw. Ad^bnse \ndpw, apkvZen^
bnse cmmv, Xzhm^v, kAvbv t]msebp ap Imcy
Ahscsmp Xs sNnWw. Xzhm^npw
kAvbnpw Ahv IgnbmsX hm Ahsc FSpv
Xzhm^pw kAvbpw sNnWw. Ahsc FSpv Xzhm^v
sNph B Xzhm^pw kAvbpw XtXp IqSn Bm
XncnpIbmWv Ghpw \Xv. B Xzhm^pw kAvbpw
Ahp thn sNm \nmpIbpw X\np
thn thsd Xzhm^pw kAvbpw sNpIbpamWv thXv.
C_mZpIfn ]menstS kqaXbmWnsXmw.
) ( 'kwibIcamb Imcy hnv
kwibIcamXv kzoIcnpI' F \_n hN\n
s {]mtbmKnI cq]hpw AXpXsbmWv. Fm B
Npapbm X\npw XmIqSn \nmnsImv
Xzhm^pw kAvbpw sNpIbmsWn AXp aXnbmIp
samWv Ghpw {]_eamb A`n{]mbw. FvsIms
m 'Cu Ipnv lv thXptm' Fp tNmZn
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
39
kv{XotbmSv Ahv am{Xambn thsd Xzhm^v sNWsav
\_n (k) I]nnn. AXv \n_amsWn \_n
(k) AXv hyIvXampI Xs sNpatm. .
hnthN\ _pnbp _menIm _memtcmSv Xzhm^v
XpSpXnp apmbn Xs apXnhsc t]mse
AipnIfn \npw amen\yfn \npw ipn t\Sm
I]nWw. sNdp _menIm _memp thn
AhcpsS cnXm Clvdmw sIWsaXv \n_
sampa. shdpw kpv am{XamWv. As\
sNbvXm Ahv Iqenbpv. Csn bmsXmcp
Ipdhpan.

Clvdmanp tijw
kv{XobmIs ]pcpj\mIs Clvdmanv \nv
sNbvXp Ignm ]ns apSntbm \Jtam Aev]w
t]mepw FSpphmt\m kpKw ]qiphmt\m ]mSn.
Ipmbw t]mse icocw ]qambpw adptXm,
_\nb, Imepd, jqkv, tkmIvkv XpSn `mKnIambn
adptXm Bb Xpnb bmsXmcp hkv{Xhpw ]pcpj
mv [cnm ]mSpX. Fm XpWn Inm
hv Imepdbpw sNcnv Inmhv _qvkpw
IodmsX Xs [cnmhpXmWv. C_v\p Amkv







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
40
(d)hn \npw _pJmcnbpw apkvenapw Dcn lZokn
\nv CXp ncsnpv. \_n (k) ]dbpIbpmbn.
) (
) (
'Bsnepw sNcnv Innbnsn Abmv
_qvkv [cnmw, Bsnepw XpWn Innbnsn
Abm Imepd AWnbs'.
sNcnnmh _qvkv [cnp ]w AXv
IodnbXnv tijta BImhq F C_v\p Da (d)
\npcns lZokv Zp_eamsXmWv. Fv
sImsm, Hcp aplvcnw GsXms hkv{XaWnbmw
F tNmZyn\pcambn \_n (k) aZo\bn shv
sNbvX {]kvXmh\bmbncpp AXv. Fm Ad^mn
shv \_n (k) sNbvX {]kwKn sNcnnm
hv _qvkv [cnm s]mXp A\phmZw \IpI
bpmbn. _qvkv Iodp Imcyw Atm ]dncpn.
aZo\bnse {]kvXmh\ tIm [mcmfw t] B
kZnepmbncpp. k`w hnp XmaknnpIqSm
XmsWmWv {]amWw. AXpsImv _qvkv Iodn [cn
Wsa \nbaw Zp_eamsXp Xs Fp hy
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
41
ambn. C\n AXv \n_ambncpsn \_n (k) AXv
hniZoIcnpambncpp.
s\cnbmWnI aqSntmIpw hn[nepXm
_qpI aplvcnan\p [cnmhpXmWv. AXv sNcnns
C\n s]XpXs. XpWn Acbn sInbpSpp
Xpw NcSpsImtm atm _nnSpXpamhmw. AXp
XSb sXfnhpIsfmpan. A{]Imcw Xs
aplvcnanv IpfnpIbpw Xe IgpIpIbpw sNmhp
XmWv. Bhiysan hfsc kmh[m\n Xe Dcp
Ibpw Bhmw. AmcWw sImp Xebn \nss
nepw ASp hoWmepw hntcm[an.
aplvcnapIfmb kv{XoIv apJw aqSn, _pJ
XpSn Xpnb hkv{X sImv apJw admt\m
Ipd [cnmt\m ]mSn.
) ( ) (
'kv{Xo apJwaqSn [cnpItbm Ipd [cnpItbm
]mSn' Fv \_n (k) ]dXmbn _pJmcn Dcnnpv.
tcmaw sImtm, ]cpnsImtm, ssI]Snv
am{Xambn Xpntbm, s\bvtXm Dmp IpdmWv
Fp ]dbpXv.







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
42
Ipmbw, Imepd, _qvkv, tkmIv kv t]mse ap
Xpnb hkv{Xsfmw Ahv AWnbmhpXmWv .
BhiyapmIptm Xw apJtv XmgvnbnSp
Xnpw hntcm[an. Fm ]nSnp sIm ]mSn. Xw
apJv XpXv sImv hntcm[an. Bbni (d) bpsS
lZokn \nv a\nemmhpXv CXmWv. Ah
]dbpXv t\mpI: R \_n (k) bpsS IqsS
bm{Xbnembncns bm{Xm RfpsS AcnIneqsS
\Sv t]mIpambncpp. Ah RfpsS t\sc Fn
bm RfpsS aqSp]pSh Xebn \nv apJtv
XmgvnbnSpw. Ah ISp t]mbm R apJw
XpdnSpw. (A_qZmhqZv, C_v\pamPx). Dpkea (d)bn
\nv CXv t]mep Hcp lZokv ZmdpJpXzv\nbpw
Dcnnpv. A{]Imcw Xs DSp hkv{Xw sImv
ssI aqSpXpw hntcm[an. A\y]pcpjmcpsS kmn[y
n apJhpw apIpw kv{Xo adpI Xs thWw.
ImcWw Ah Hudv XsbmIpp. Amlp ]dbpXv
ImWpI. ) ( ..... ) (
"XfpsS `mmpw....AmsX Ah X
fpsS Aemcw {]ZinncpXv."
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
43
apJhpw apIpw hfsc {][m\amb Aemcfm
sWXn kwiban. apJw Aqn Ghpw
IqSpX {]m[m\yalnpp. Amlp ]dbpp:
)
( ) : (
"\n AhtcmSv hkm[\hpw tNmZnm adv
]nn \nv tNmZnpI. AXmWv \nfpsS lrZb
pw AhcpsS lrZbpw ]cnipambnpXv".
a\ apJp \nv s]mn\nevpXnp thn
Xmsg Xemhv sIpI F A[nI kv{XoIfpw ]Xnhm
nmWp k{Zmbnv \psS Adnhn bmsXmc
Snm\hpw idCen. As\ idC h \nbahpap
sn Amlphns dkq (k) Xs Dnv AXv
hyamn XcmXncnpambncpn. Acw Imcyfn
\n_vZ\mbncnm Atlnv ]mSntm.
Clvdmans hkv{Xw apjnm Ah IgpIpXnv
BWmIs s]mIs Hcp aplvcnanv hntcm[an.
hkv{Xw amnbWnbpXpw A\phZ\obamWv.
Fm Ippaw, a () Fo \nd ]nSnn
hkv{Xw AWnpIqSmXmWv. FvsImsm







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
44
\_n (k) AXv hntcm[nXmbn C_v\p Da (d) Dcnn
p lZoknepv.
irwKmcw, Ak`yhmv, Xw Fnh Dt]nt
Xv aplvcnanv \n_amWv.Amlp ]dbpXv
t\mq:
)
( ) : (
' lv (Imew) Adnbs Nne amkfmIpp.
Fm Ahbn Bscnepw ln {]thinm
kv{Xokm]amIs, Ak`y kwkmcamIs Xn
emIs ln ]mSn."
\_n (k) ]dXmbn kzlolmbn C{]Imcw Dcn
ncnpp. ) (
'Hcm kv{Xokm]ntesSpItbm, tXmnhmkw
ImWnpItbm sNmsX lv sNbvXm Xs amXmhv
Xs {]khn Znhkstmse (]cnipntbmsS) Bbn
cnpw Ah aSpXv'. Fm kwtbmKw, No
hmpI Fnhsmw ]dbmw. Fm A\pk
cWtSnpw AScmlnXynpw ]dbpw.
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
45
sImv _menihpw A iq\yhpamb Imcyfn
XnemWptinsSpXv.
Fm kXyw ]pdpsImphcpXnpw, kXy
hncpamb Imcysf FXnpXnpw thnbp
\ coXnbnep Xw \njnasp am{Xa A\p
t]Wobw IqSnbmWv. Amlp ]dbpp:
)
( ) : (
"bpnsImpw kZp]tZiw sImpw \ns dns
amntev \o WnpI. Ghpw \ coXnbn
AhtcmSv \o XnpI"
Xebnsemn InSp sXmn, Xemhv, Xw
apXembh sImv XeadpXpw aplvcnamb ]pcpj\v
]mSnmXmIpp. Fm hml\fpsS tav,
IpS, Xv, hrw t]msebph sImv XW sImp
Xnv hntcm[an. FvsImsm \_n (k) Pwd
p AJ_bn Fdnp sImncnptm Hcp
hkv{Xw sImv Atln\v XWenp sImSpncp
Xmbn kzlolmbn sXfnnpv. A{]Imcw Xs
\andbn \_n (k)v Xpmnbncppshpw Ad^m
Znhkw DXncnbpXv hsc Atlw AXn\pn
hn{ianncpp Fpw kzlolmbn ncsnpv.







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
46
Icbnse thPpsf sImpI, AXnp klmbn
pI, ktXfn \np Ahsb BntbmSnpI
Fnhsbmw Clvdman {]thin kv{Xo ]pcpjmv
ldmamWv. A{]Imcw Xs hnhmlw kwtbmKw, hnhmlm
t\zjWw, kv{XoIfpambn cXneoeI Fnhbpw ldmw
Xs.
Dkvam (d) \_n (k)bn \npcnpXn{]Imc
amWv: ) ( ) (
'aplvcnanv hnhmlw Ignmt\m, IgnpsImSpm
t\m, hnhmlt\zjWw \Smt\m ]mSn'. (apkvenw)
AdnhnmsXtbm, adv sImtm, Hcp aplvcnw Xpnb
hkv{Xw [cnpItbm, kpKw ]qipItbm sNbvXp
t]mbm AXnv {]Xnhn[nbmbn Hpw sNtXn.
Adnhv Inptm, Asn HmbmIptm AsXmgn
hmnbm aXn. A{]Imcw Xs apSn IfbpItbm
shpItbm \Jw apdnpItbm sNbvXXv adtm hnhc
anmsXtbm Bbm {]bnambn Hpw sNtXns
mWv {]_eamb hn[n.
ldanpnse thPpsf sImpItbm, Bbp[
tam BwKytam atmsImv sImm klmbnpItbm,
AhbpsS ktXfn \np Ahsb Bn HmSnpI
tbm sNpXpw ldanpnse hrtfm ]sSn
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
47
Itfm apdnp IfbpXpw Fmw aplvcnapw AmXp
amb Fm apkvenanpw ldmamWv. DSas\ At\zjnv
km[\w sImSppXnp thnbmsX AhnsS \nv
Iv Inp km[\ FSpm\pw ]mSn. \_n (k)
]dbpp: -

) (
'Cu \mSv AYhm a Ay Zn\w hsc Amlp
BZcWobamnbXn\m BZcWobamWv. BbXv sImv
AhnSs hr apdnv Ifbmt\m, AhnsSbp
th Ppsf BntbmSnmt\m ]pv ]dnv
Ifbmt\m ]mSn. ssItamiw h hkvXp DSa
s\ Ip ]nSnv km[\w sImSpm thnbmsX
FSpmhpXpa'. an\mbpw apkv Zen^bpw ldan s]
efmWv. Ad^mv ldanv ]pdmWv.

abnseptm
aplvcnw abnseptm abn {]thinp
Xnv apv IpfnpXv kpmWv. \_n (k) A{]
Imcw sNbv Xnpv. akvPnZp ldan {]thinptm







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
48
heXpIm apnpIbpw C{]Imcw {]mnpIbpw
sNpXv kpmWv.
)
(
'Amlphns t]cn Amlphns XncpZqXcn
Ahs Ir]mISmhpw imnbpapmIs. i]ns
]nimNn \npw al\mb Amlpsh, Ahs _lp
am\yamb apJs, Ahs A\mZnbmb A[nImc {]`mh
s Rm A`bw {]m]npp. Amlpth, \ns Ir]m
IhmS F\np thn \o XpdtWta'.
av GXv ]nbn {]thinptmgpw sNmt
{]m\bmWnXv. akvPnZp ldan {]thinptm
am{Xw sNmt Hcp {]tXyI {]m\bpw \_n (k)bn
\nv ncsXmbn \apdnhn. aplvcnw apanHm
( ) apAvXantdm ( ) BsWn IAv_bpsS
kao]sanbm Xzhm^nv apmbn Xs X_nbv
\ndptXmWv. ]noSv lPdp AkvhZns kao]
sanbm km[npsan AXns\ Npw_nWw.
Npw_nm\mbn BfpIsf Xnnncn _pnapnm
]mSn. lPdp AkvhZns\ sXmpapptm
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
49
(Amlphns t]cn, AmlphmWv Ghpw
alm) Fp ]dbWw. Npw_nm {]bmkambm
lPdp AkvhZnv t\sc BwKyw ImWnv sImv
Fv ]dbWw. BwKyw ImWnXv Fp sImmbmepw
AXv Npw_nmhX. Xzhm^v sNptm IAv_sb
CSXv himnbncnWw.
)
(
'Amlpth, \nn hnizknv sImv, \ns {K
s kXyamnsmv, \obpambp Icm ]menv
sImv, \ns {]hmNI aplZv (k) AhIsf ]npS
p sImv' Fv Xzhm^ns Bcw`n sNmp
Xmbm AXv \XmWv. \_n (k) As\ sNmnbXmbn
Dcnsnpv. Xzhm^v GgvhamWv sNtXv. BZy
s aqphw NphSv shv thKw \SWw. CXns t]
'da' FmWv. abnsenbm BZyw sNt
Xzhm^mWnXv. Dwd am{Xw IcpXnbht\m ) ( BZyw
Dwdbpw ]ns Clvdman \nv HgnhmbXnv tijw
lpw IcpXnbht\m ) ( lv am{Xw IcpXnbh







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
50
t\m ) ( lpw Dwdbpw Hmbn IcpXnbht\m ) (
Bcmbncpmepw Cu Xzhm^n da \Sw \SWw.
]noSv _mnbp \mep XhWIfn km[mcWt]mse
\SWw. Hmtcm hhpw lPdp AkvhZv apX Xzhm^v
Bcw`npIbpw AhnsS sNp sImp Xs Ahkm\n
npIbpw sNWw. Cu Ggv Xzhm^nepw taapns
ayw heXpInepw c CSs Npaenepw
Bbn AWnbpXmWv kpv. Cu hn[n ta
apWnbpXnmWv ) ( Fv ]dbpXv. Xzhm^n
s hsfpdnv kwibapmbm Ghpw DdpXv
AYhm IpdXns ASnm\n ]qnbmWw.
AXmbXv aqtm \mtem FmWv kwibsan aqn
DdnWw. C{]ImcamWv kAvbnepw sNtXv.
Cu Xzhm^n \nv hncanm taapv sImv
]pXWw. AXmbXv apns c s\n hcpw
hn[w cp Npaenepw IqSn CtWw. Xzhm^ns cv
dIvAv \akvcnpXnv apv Xs Cs\
sNtXmWv. kv{XoIsf kw_ntStmfw Bt]
Ichpw Ahsc XmoXv sNtXpamb Nne Imcyfp
v. Aemc {]ISnnpw kpK ]qinbpw
adbnmsXbpw Xzhm^v sNm Ahsmpw ]mSnm
XmWv. Ah HudmWv. ] AWnncn Ahv
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
51
\n_amWv. Xzhm^v sNptmgpw Amtmgpw
A\y]pcpjmcpambn CSIetcn hcptm XfpsS
Aemcw {]ISnnm ]mSn. FpsImsm
Ah Hudpw IpgtlXpIhpamWv. apJamWhcpsS
Ghpw {]ISamb Aemcw, alv dapIfpsS apmsI
bmsX AXv shfnhmm Ahv ]mSn. Amlp
]dbpp: ) ...... (
"XfpsS `mampw.....AmsX AhcpsS
Aemcw Ah {]ISnnp IqSmXmWv."
AXn\m lPdp AkvhZv Npw_nptm A\y
]pcpjm ImWp AhbmsWn apJw Xpdn
Sm Ahv ]mSnmXmIpp. lPdp AkvhZv
sXmpapmt\m Npw_nmt\m Ahv kuIcyw Inp
nsn AXnmbn ]pcpjmsc Xnnncm\pw
Ahv ]mSn. ]pcpjmcpsS ]ndInembn Xzhm^v
sNpXmWv ]pcpjmsc Xnnncn IAv_bpsS
AcnIneqsS Xzhm^v sNpXnt\m Ahp
ahpw Ghpw almb {]Xn^enhsc Alcmn
opXpw. daepw, CfvXzn_mDw ) (
Cu BZys Xzhm^nemsX ap Xzhm^pIfntem
kAvbntem, kv{XoItm thXn. \_n (k) abn







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
52
senbtm BZys Xzhm^n am{Xta Dw
Dw sNbvXnpp.
Xzhm^ns Ahkcn Fm AipnIfn
\npw amen\yfn \npw kwipambncntXmWv.
Xs dnt\mSv Abs IogvhWhpw hn\bhpw
ImWnpIbpw thWw. Xzhm^nnSbn [mcmfambn
Amlpsh kvacnpIbpw Aht\mSv {]mnp
sImncnpIbpw thWw. A]w JpB HmXnbm
AXv \XmWv. Cu Xzhm^ntem av Xzhm^pIfntem,
kAvbntem {]tXyIamb ZnIvdpItfm ZpBItfm \n_
an. Xzhm^nepw kAvbnepw Hmtcm hpw {]tXyIw
{]tXyIambn P\ ]Spmnb ZnIvdpItm
ZpBItm bmsXmcSnm\hpan. Hmtcmcp\pw
Adnbmhp GXp ZnIvdpw ZpBbpw sNmnbm Xs
aXnbmIpw.
dpIv\p bam\nv t\sc Fptm hew ssI
sImv AXv sXmv appIbpw Fv
]dbpIbpw thWw. AXv Npw_npItbm IWne[nIw
Xs ssI \opItbm thXn. sXmpapm hnja
amsWn AXn\p {ianmsX Xs Xzhm^n \on
smWw. AXnv t\sc Fptm BwKyw ImWn
pItbm, XIv_o sNmpItbm thXpan. Fv
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
53
sImsm \mw AdnnStmfw \_n (k) bn \nv
AsXmpw ncsnn. dpIv\p bam\npw lPdp
AkvhZnpanSv shv
) (
"RfpsS dt, CltemIv \o Rv \
\tIWta. ]ctemIpw Rv \Xv XtcWta.
\cIinbn \nv Rsf cnpIbpw sNtW"
Fv {]mnpXv kpmWv. lPdp AkvhZnv
t\sc hcptmsgms AXns\ sXmpapn Npw_nv
Fv ]dpsImncnWw. sXmp
apm\pw Npw_nm\pw Xcsnsn AXn\p t\sc
Fptmtgv BKyw Imn XIv _o sNmWw.
kwkansbpw aJmap C{_mloansbpw ]nn IqSn
Xzhm^v sNpXv sImv hntcm[an. hntijnpw
Xncptm. akvPnZp ldmw apgph\pw Xzhm^nv
]nb ew XsbmWv. ]nIfnse hcmIfneqsS
Xzhm^v sNbvXmepw aXnbmIpw. kuIcyapsn
IAv _bpsS kao]v Xzhm^v sNpXv XsbmWv
Ghpw t{ijvTambnpXv. Xzhm^n \nv hncanm
cv dIvAv aJmap C{_mloanv ]nnshv
\akvcnWw. Xnpw Xncpw sImv AkuIcy







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
54
apsn ]nbpsS GXp hipshp \akvIcn
mepw aXn.
Cu cv dIvAn kqdx ^mnlv tijw
) ( Fo kqdxI HmXp
Xv kpmWv. ]noSv lPdp AkvhZnSpv
t]mbn kuIcyw Innbm \_n (k)bpsS amXrIb\pk
cnv AXns\ Xs heXp ssIsImv sXmpapWw.
]noSv kz^maebntev AXns IhmSneqsS
]pdsv AXn IbdpItbm, AXnSpv \npItbm
thWw. kz^mbpsS apIfn Ibdm Ignm AXm
Wpaw. AhnsS Jn_vebpsS t\sc Xncnv \nv
Amlpsh kvXpXn tijw C{]Imcw ]dbpXv kp
mWv.
)

(
'AmlphmsX asmcmcm[y\pan. Amlp Ghpw
alm\mWv. AmlphmsX asmcmcm[y\pan. Ah
GI, Ahv Hcp ]pImc\pan. cmPm[n]Xyw Ahp
XmWv. kv XpXnbpw AhpXpXs. Ah Pohnn
pIbpw acnnpIbpw sNpp. Ah k i
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
55
\mWv. AmlphmsX asmcmcm[y\pan. Ah GI
am{Xw. Xs hmKvZw Ah \ndthn, Xs ASnbs\
klmbnp. i{Xptk\Isf Ah Hv ]cmPbs
Spn'.
]noSv cv Ipw Dbn X\nv BhiyapXnv
thnsbmw {]mnpI. Cu ZnIv dpw ZpBbpw aqp
XhW BhnWw. ]ns Xmsg Cdn ahmbn
tev \SWw. Hmas ASbmfw hsc Fnbm
AhnsS \nv cmas ASbmfw hsc ]pcpjm
HmSWw. cSbmfnSbn [rXn ]nSnp \St
Bhiyw idC kv{XoIn. Ahv kAv bn apgp
h\pw km[mcWt]mse \Sm am{Xw aXn. ]ns \Sp
ahmae IbdWw. Asn ahSpv \nWw.
kmyambm ahv apIfn IbdpXv XsbmWv
t{ijvTambnpXv. kz^mbn shp {]mnXpt]mse
Xs ahbn shpw {]mnWw. ]ns AhnsS
\nndn \StnSv \Sv HmtSnSv HmSn kz^mbn
seWw. C{]Imcw Ggv XhW sNWw. t]mv Hcp
XhWbmbpw aSw HcpXhWbmbpw ]cnKWnWw.
C{]ImcamWv \_n (k) sNbvXXv. AhnSv ]dp:
'\nfpsS lns I FtmSv
]TnpI'. kAvbns Ahkcn Ignbp{X ZnIvdpw







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
56
ZpBbpw [mcmfw sNbvXp sImncnWw. Fm Aipn
Ifn \npw amen\yfn \npw kwipambncnpI
bpw thWw. Fm CmsX Hcm kAvbv
sNbvXm AXbmv aXn. AXpt]mses Xzhm
^nv tijw Hcp kv{Xov Bhtam {]khctam
Dmbm Ahv kAvbpw sNmhpXmWv. AXh
v aXnbmIpXpamWv. FvsImsm ipn kAvbn
v iXz. AXv shdpw kpv am{XamWv.
kAvbv ]qnbmbngnm apSn IfbpItbm
shpItbm sNWw. ]pcpj apSn IfbpXmWv G
hpw t{ijvTambnpXv. DwdbpsS Ahkm\n apSn
shnpIbpw ap\w lnv thn \on shpI
bpw sNpXv \XpXs.
lnt\mSSp ZnhkfnemWv abnsenbsX
n Ahs\ kw_nnStmfw apSn shpXmWv
Ghpw \Xv. _mn apSn apgph\pw lnp thn
Ifm aXnbtm. \_n (k)bpw kzlm_pw av
hXv Zplnx \menmbncpp. _enarK IqsS
sImv hcmhtcmSv Dwd Ignv apSn shn Clvdman
\nv HgnhmIm\mWv \_n (k) InXv. AhtcmSv apSn
apgph Ifbm \_n (k) Innn.apSn shpXv
A]w am{Xw t]mcm, apgph shpI Xs thWw.
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
57
A{]Imcw Xs A]w am{Xw Ifmepw ]n.
kv{Xov apSn shnbm aXn. AXne[nIw Hpw FSpt
Xn.
CdX{Xbpw sNbv XpIgnm Dwd Ahkm\n
p. AXphsc Clvdmw sImv ldmambncpsXmw
lememIpIbpw sNbvXp. Fm ldanp ]pdp\nv
_enarKw IqsS sImv hnph lv IgnbpXv
hsc XfpsS Clvdmans XpScWw. ln
\npw Dwdbn \npw Hw HgnhmIphmt\ Ahp
\nmlapp.
lnv am{Xtam, lnpw Dwdpw IqSntbm
Clvdmw sInbhv, X _enarKw IqsS sImp
hnnsn XfpsS Clvdmw Dwdv am{Xamn amn
apXanAv sNpw t]mse sNpXmWv kpv. \_n
(k) kzlm_namtcmSv InXv As\ sNm\mbn
cpp. XpSp sImv AhnSpp ]dp:
) (
'Rm _enarKsf sImp hnnmbncpsn
\nfpsS IqsS Xs Clvdman \nv HgnhmIpambn
cpp'.
Dwdv thn Clvdmw sInb tijw kv{Xov
Bhtam, {]khtam kw`hnm ipnbmIpthmfw







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
58
Ah IAv_sb Xzhm^v sNmt\m, kz^mpw ahm
panSbn kAvbv sNmt\m ]mSn. ipnbmbngn
m Xzhm^pw kAvbpw Ignv apSn apdnv Dwd
]qnbmmw. Xhnbv \mfn\p apmbn ipnbmbn
sn Xmak ep \nv Xs lnp
Clvdman {]thinpIbpw aphtcmsSmw an\mbn
tev ]pdsSpIbpw sNWw. Atm lpw Dwdbpw
Hnnv Clvdmw sInbhfmbnocpw. ap lmPnam
sNp t]mse Ad^mbnepw aivAdp ldmanepw \n
pI, PwdIfn FdnbpI, apkv Zen^bnepw an\mbnepw
cmmpI, _enbdppI, apSn apdnpI apXemb
sXmw Ahfpw sNWw. ]noSv ipnbmbm IAv _
sb Xzhm^v sNpIbpw, kz^mpw ahpanSbn
kAvbv sNpIbpw thWw. lnpw Dwdpw IqSn
CXp HmtcmphoXw aXnbmIpXmWv.
Bbnim (d) Dwdv thn Clvdmw sInb tijw
Ahv Bhapmbn. Atm \_n (k) AhtcmSn
{]Imcw ]dp:
) ( ) (
'lmPnam sNpsXmw \obpw sNWw. Fm
ipnbmIpXv hsc IAv_sb Xzhm^v sNcpsXv
am{Xw. BhImcnIfpw {]khnhcpw \lvdns
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
59
Znhkw (Zplv 10) Pwdp AJ_mbnse Itdpw
Ignp apSnapdnm Clvdmw sImv ldmambncp
kpKw t]msebp Imcysfmw Ahp lemem
bn. Fm lv ]qnbmb tijw am{Xta ipnbp
ap kv{XoIsftmses Ahpw `m
msc kao]nm ]mSpp. ipnv tijw Xzhm^pw
kAvbpw Ignm ]ns `mhpambp _w
Ahv lememIpXmWv .

,: ,,
"Xhnb' Zn\w

Xhnbns \m AXmbXv Zpln 8 \p Dwd
Ignp Xlpembn abn Xmaknphcpw,
am\nhmknIfn\np ln\ptinphcpw Ahc
hcpsS hmkefn \nv Xs ln\v Clvdmw
sIWw. \_n (k)bpsS kzlm_v "A_vXzln"emWv
XmaknncpXv. \_n (k)bpsS I\{]Imcw Ah
scmw AhnsS shp XsbmWv Xhnbv \mfn
lnpthn Clvdmw sInbXv. IAv_bn t]mbn
AhnsS shv Asn aokm_n\Spv shv Clvdmw
sIm Atlw AhtcmSv Innn. A{]Imcw Xs







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
60
an\mbntep ]pdsSptm hnZmCs Xzhm^v \Sm
\pw AhnSpv Innn. AXmbncpp idC th
sXn \_n (k) Ahsc As\s ]Tnnp
ambncpp. \_nsbbpw AhnSps kzlm_ns\bpw
]npScpXn am{Xsa ]pWyapp.
lnv Clvdmw sIptm Ipfnv ipnbmbn
kpKw ]qipXv aoJmn shv sNbvXt]mse
s kpmWv. lnv Clvdmw sIngnm
Dv aptm, ]ntm Bbn Xhnbv \mfns
an\mbntev ]pdsSpXv kpmWv. Atm apX
Pwdp AJ_bn Itdv \SpXv hsc
[mcmfambn X_nbv sNmnsmncnWw. A
s Zzplv, Ak, aKvcn_v, Cim, XpSp kp_vlv
Fo \akvmc an\mbn shv \nlnWw.
Hmtcmpw PwCmsX Jkzvdmbnp AXmXns t\cfn
\akvIcnpXmWv kpv. aKvcn_pw, kzp_vlpw
Jkzvdmm ]n. Cmcyn ampw Am
hpanSbn Hcp hyXymkhpan. FpsImsm
\_n (k) amcpw Amhcpamb AhnSps Fm
kzlm_namtcbpw sImv an\mbnepw Ad^bnepw apkvZen
^bnepsamw Jkzvdmbnp XsbmWv \akvIcnXv. a
mtcmSv ]qnbmm AhnSpv Innn. AXv
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
61
\n_amsWn AhnSpv AhXv hyamn
sImSppI Xs sNpambncpp

. ,,
Ad^mZn\w

]ns Ad^mZn\w (Zplv 9)\p kqtcymZbnv
tijw an\mbn \nv Ad^mbntev bm{X XncnWw,
Ignbpsan D Xncnbpw hsc \andbn XpXmWv
kpv. \_n (k) As\bmWv sNbvXXv. D Xncn
m Camtam, Atlns {]Xn\n[ntbm P\
mbn kt`mNnXamb Hcp {]kwKw \SWw. Apw
AXnp tijhpw lmPnam sNt Imcy Ahp
hnhcnp sImSpWw. Amlpsh `bsp sImv
Ahs XuloZn ASnbpdv Pohnm\pw, Fm I
fpw Amlphns {]Xn^ew am{Xw eyw shv
sImv sNm\pw AhtcmSv InWw. Amlp
ldmamnb Imcy shSnp \nm Ahsc
XmoXv sNWw. Amlphns InXm_pw Ahs
\_nbpsS kppw apdpsI ]nSnp Pohnm Ahsc
D]tZinWw. Ah\pkcnp am{Xw Xocpam\
ssIsmphm\pw Fm Imcyfnepw Ah cn







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
62
\npw hn[n tXSphm\pw Ahsc t{]cnnWw. CsXm
sbmbncpp \_n (k)bpsS amXrI.
AXnp tijw Zplvdpw Akdpw PwDw Jkzvdpambnv,
Zplvdns kabv Xs Hcp _mpw cv CJmapw
hnfnv sImv \akvcnWw. \_n (k) C{]Imcw
sNbvXXmbnmWv Pm_n (d) ]dXmbn Camw apkvenw
(d) tcJsSpnbnpXv.

. s
Ad^bn \n

]ns lmPnam Ad^mbn \nWw (_Xzvv\p
D\x) Hgnp _mn ssaXm\w apgph \nevp
eamWv. In_v epw P_ep dlvanpw A`napJ
ambn \nm Ignm AXp kpmWv. cnpw
A`napJambn \nevm Ignnsn Jn_vesb am{Xw
A`napJoIcnWw.P_epdlvan`napJambnsnepw
hntcm[an.
Cu \nn Amlphns\ ZnIvdv sNbvXpw Aht\mSv
{]mnpw XmWptIWt]np sImpw Ignv Iqp
XmWv kpv. {]mnptm cp Ipw tatm
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
63
pbWw. X_nbv sNmpXpw JpB ]mcmb
Ww sNpXpw \XmWv.
)
(
F hmIyw [mcmfambn sNmnsmncnpXpw kp
mWv. \_n (k) ]dp: 'Ad^mbnse {]m\bmWv
{]m\Ifn DaambXv. Rm\pw F\np app
{]hmNImcpw ]dnp hmIyfn Ghpw Da
ambnpXv
)
(
'AmlphmsX asmcmcm[y\pan. Ah GI
am{Xw. Ahv Hcp ]vImc\pan. AhmWv cmPm[n
]Xyw, kvXpXnbpw Ah\p Xs. Ah k i\p
as{X. F hmIyamWv'.
\_n (k) bn \nv kzlolmbn C{]Imcw cnhmbv
sNsnpv.
) :
(
'Amlphnv Ghpw CjvSs \mep hmIyfpv'.







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
64
'Amlp k{X ]cnip, k kvXpXnbpw Amlp
hnv , Ah\msX Bcm[y\n, Amlp Ghpw alm,
Chbs{X B hmIy. AXn\m Cu ZnIvdpI hfsc
tbsd hn\bm\znX\mbpw lrZb kmnytmSp IqSnbpw
Bhnp sImncntXmWv. IqSmsX idC
AwKoIcnsnp, Fm k`fnepw sNmmhp
ap ZnIvdpIfpw ZpBIfpw hninjym Cu almb Znhk
n Cu ev shv [mcmfambn sNmnsmn
cnWw. Xmsg ]dbp t]msebp kmckwqamb
ZnIvdpIfpw ZpBIfpw XncsSppXmWpaw.

XncsSp {]m\I
) (
'Amlpsh kvXpXnptXmSpIqSn Rm\hs ]cn
ipnsb {]Ionpp. alm\mb Amlp k{X
]cnip'.
) (
'\obmsX asmcmcm[y\pan. \o k{X ]cnip
\s{X. Xobmbpw Rm A{IaImcnIfpsS Iqn
s]pt]mbncnpp'.
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
65
)
(
'AmlphmsX asmcmcm[y\pan. Ahs\ am{Xa
msX \mw Bcm[npn. AhtXmWv A\p{Klw.
HuZmcyhpw AhtXv Xs. k{]iwkI Ahp
XmWv. AmlphmsX asmcmcm[y\pan. Ahv am{Xw
\njvIfamb hnt[bXzw Anpsmv. Ahnizmkn
I CjvSsnsnepw icn'.
) (
'_ehpw inbpw Amlphns\smv am{Xw'.
) (
'RfpsS dt, CltemIv Rp \o \
XtcWta. ]ctemIpw \ \tIWta. \cI in
bn \nv Rsf \o Imv kqntW'.
)

(
'Amlpth, Fs cmIhNamb Fs Zo\ns\ \o
\mnctW. Fs D]Poh\w \nesmp







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
66
Fs Zp\nbmhpw \o F\np \mn XctW, Fs
eym\w \nesmp Fs BJndpw \o
F\np \mnctW. PohnXs KpWkq
amn XctW. acWs Fm Xnbn \npap
apnbpw BnotW'.
) (
"ITn\amb ]coWfn \npw, Zu`mKy _m[
bn \npw, ZptcymKn \npw, i{Xp Fs
ZpcnXw aqew kpjvScmIpXn \npw Amlpsh
Rm A`bw {]m]npp".
)
(
'a\kvXm]w, ZpxJw, IgnhptISv, AekX, `ocpXzw,
]nipv, ]m]w IS_myX, ISh\, P\a\w Fnh
bn \nsmw Amlpth, \ns Rm icWw {]m]n
pp'.
) (
'shmv , {`mv, IpjvTw, av NotcmK
Fnhbn \npw Amlpth, \ns Rm A`bw
{]m]npp'.
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
67
) (
'Amlpth, \ns ampw, Cl]c PohnXfnse
kuJyhpw Rm \ntmSncpp'.
) (
'Amlpth, \ns ampw, [mnIhpw, `uXnIhpw,
IpSpw_]chpw, kmnIhpamb kuJyhpw \ntmSv
Rm bmNnpp'.
)
(
'Amlpth, Fs tKm]y \o adv shtWta,
Fs `bmSpIfn \npw F\nv \o A`bw
\tIWta, apn \npw ]nn \npw CSv \npw
hev \npw apIfn \npw Fs Imp
cntWta, Rm shn hogvsSpXn \npw
\ns alXzs Rm icWw {]m]npp'.
) (
'Amlpth, Fs Ipfpw, AhnthIfpw,
kzw Imcynep AXncp Ihnnepw Ftm IqSp
X \n\dnbmhp Ipfpw \o F\nv s]mdpv
XtcWta'.







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
68
) (
'Amlpth, Ifnbmbpw Imcyambpw IcpXnIqnbpw
Fs ] \nv h Fm sXpIfpw F\np \o
s]mdpv XtcWta. AsXmw Fs ] Dv'.
)
(
'Amlpth, sNbvXpIqSmXv sNbvXpw sNt
Imcy sNmXncpXpw Hfnpw sXfnpw sNbvX sXp
Ifpw, Ftm IqSpXembn \o Adnbp sXpIfpw
\o F\nv s]mdpv XtcWta. \obmWv apnph.
\o XsbmWv ]nnph\pw. \o kXn\pw Ignhp
h\pas{X'.
)


(
'Amlpth, Fm Imcyfnepw ncXbpw t\
amn ZrVXbpw Rm \ntmSncpp. \ns
A\p{Klv \n sNm\pw \ \nebn \ns
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
69
Bcm[nm\pap Ignhv \o F\nv \tIWta, Id
If a\pw, kXyw ]dbp \mhpw, \o F\nv
{]Zm\w sNtW. \n\dnbmhpXn DaambnpXv
Rm \ntmS`ynpp. \n\dnbmhpXn tZmj
Icambnphbn \nv Rm \ntmSv A`bw tXSpp.
Rm sNbv XXmbn \o Adnbp sXpIfn \nv Rm
\ntmSv amt]npp. Xobmbpw \o AZriy
Adnbph Xs'.
)
(
'aplZv \_n (k) bpsS dmb Amlpth, Fs
]m]w s]mdpWta, Fs lrZbn \nv tIm]w
ZqcoIcntWta, F\nv Bbpv \oncptStmfw
hgn ]ngnp ]coWfn \nv F\nv \o c
\tIWta.'
)









lv, Dwd, knbmdv
70

(
'BImifpsS \mYm, `qanbpsS \mYm, almb
knwlmk\ns \mYm, RfpsS \mYm, Fm hkvXp
fpsSbpw \mYm, hnpw _oPtImihpw ]nfp
ht\, Xudmpw Coepw JpB\pw AhXcnnht\,
Amlpth \ns \nb{Wnep Fm hkvXpfp
sSbpw Xnbn \nv \ntmSv Rm c tXSpp. \o
BZnbmWv, \n\v apv Hpan. \o AyamWv, \n\v
tijw Hpan. \o {]Xy kXyamIpp. \ns AXn
PbnpXmbn bmsXmpan. \o \nKqV\mIpp.
\n\v AXoXambn bmsXmpan. Fs IS \o
hontcWta, Zmcn{Zyn \nv \o Fs tamNnn
tWta'.
) (
'Amlpth, Fs a\nv `b`n {]Zm\w sNt
Wta, AXns\ kwkv IcntWta, AXns\ kwkv Icnp
hcn Da\s{X \o. AXns cm[nImcnbpw bPam
\\pw \o Xs'.
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
71
)
(
'Amlpth, ]cmPbn \npw AekXbn
\npw Rm \ntmSv A`bw tXSpp. `ocpXzn
\npw, Ahi hmIyn \npw ]nipn \npw
Rm\`bw {]m]npp. J_dnse inbn \npw Rm
\ntmSv icWw tXSpp'.
)

(
'Amlpth, Fs kkzhpw \nnenp. \nn
hnizknp. \nn `ctanp. \ntev Rm
XmWp tIWp aSn. \ns klmbw sImmWv Rm
s]mcpXnbXv. \o Fs hgnsXnpXn \np \ns
{]Xm]s Rm A`bw {]m]npp. \obmsX asm
cmcm[y\pan. acnp t]mImsX Pohnncnph\mWv \o.
Pnpw a\pjycpw acnv t]mIpp'.
)
(







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
72
'Amlpth, ^eiq\yamb Adnhn \npw hn\bw ImWn
m lrZbn \npw kwXr]vXn hcm a\n
\npw Dcw Inm {]m\bn \npw \ns Rm
icWw {]m]npp'.
) (
'Amlpth, Zpjn kz`mhfn \npw, {]hn
Ifn \npw, B{Klfn \npw tcmKfn \npw
Fs \o AItWta'.
) (
'Amlpth, F\np \o \ _pn tXmntWsa,
Fs Xs Xnbn \np F\np \o c \ItW'.
) (
'Amlpth, ldmanv ]Icw lem sImv F\np
\o aXn hcptWta, \o HgnsIbphcn \nv \ns
HuZmcyw sImv Fs \o \ncm{ib\mtW'.
) (
'Amlpth, kmhpw, `b`nbpw, kZmNmc
\njvTbpw, sFizcyhpw \ntmSv Rm Ccpp'.
) (
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
73
'Amlpth, kmhpw, Bhhpw \ntmSv
Rm tXSpp'.
)


(
'Amlpth, Wn InpXpw Xmaknp Inp
Xpw, F\ndnbmhpXpw AdnbmXpamb Fm \
bpw \ntmSv Rm Ccpp. Wn t\cnSpXpw
Xmaknp t\cnSpXpw Fs AdnhnsXpw Am
Xpamb Fm tZmj _m[bn \npw \ns Rm A`bw
{]m]npp.\ns ASnbm\pw {]hmNI\pamb aplZv
(k) Daamb Fns\mw \ntmSt]npthm AXn
s\mw Rm\pw \ntmSt]npp. \ns ASnbm\pw
{]hmNI\pamb aplZv (k) Fnssbmw Xnbn
\nv \ns icWw {]m]npthm AXn \nsmw Rm\pw
\ns icWw {]m]npp.'
)
(







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
74
'Amlpth, kzhpw AtXmSSpnp hmpw
{]hnbpw Rm \ntmSv tNmZnpp. \cIn
\npw AtXmSSpnp hmpIfn \npw {]hn
Ifn \npw \ns Rm A`bw {]m]npp. F\np
\o hn[np Fm hn[nbpw Ghpw \ hn[nbmtW
Fpw Rm \ntmSt]npp'.
)
(
'AmlphmsX asmcmcm[y\n. Ah GI
am{Xw. Ahv Hcp ]v Imc\pan. AhpXmWv cmPm
[n]Xyw. Ahp Xs k kvXpXnbpw Ah Pohnn
pIbpw acnnpIbpw sNpp. \I Ahs
InemWpXv. Ah k i\s{X.'
)
(
'Amlp k{X ]cnip. kkvXpXnbpw
Amlphn\v . AmlphmsX asmcmcm[y\n. Amlp
Ghpw alm. DX\pw alm\pamb Amlphns\
smmsX _ehpw inbpan.'
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
75
)

(
'Amlpth, aplZv \_n (k)pw AhnSps
IpSpw_pw, \o ImcpWyw sNmcnp sImSp
Wta, C{_mlow \_npw AhnSps IpSpw_npw
\o ImcpWyw sNmcnp sImSp t]mse. Xobmbpw
\o kvXpXyl\pw alm\pas{X. aplZv \_n (k)pw
AhnSps IpSpw_npw A\p{Klw hjntWta,
C{_mlow \_n (A) pw IpSpw_npw \o A\p{Klw
hjn t]mse. \o Xobmbpw kv XpXyl\pw alm\pw
Xs.'
Cu almb ev \nv sImv ta ]d
ZnIvdpIfpw ZpBIfpw \_n (k) bpsS ta kzempw
lmPn Bhnpcphnp sImtbncnWw. sFlnI
hpw ]mc{XnIhpamb \v thn Xs dnt\mSv
AXymntbmsS tIWt]npIbpw thWw. \_n (k)
km[mcW Hcp ZpB aqp XhW Bhnmdpm
bncpp. Cmcyn AhnSps amXrI Xs Hmtcm
lmPnbpw ]n]Ww.







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
76
Cu ev shv apkvenw Xs dns apn
Atbw Xmgvabpw hn\bhpw ImWnp sImv Ahs
kn[nbn XmWptIWp hWnsmv Ahs Imcp
Wyhpw ampw B{KlnpsImv Ahs inbpw
tIm]hpw `bspsImv kzbw hnNmcW \SpIbpw
If clnXambn Xu_ ]pXpn tJZnpsImv aSp
Ibpw thWw. FpsImsm CsXmcp almb
Znhkhpw hn kZpamWv Xs ZmkmtcmSv Amlp
Ghpw HuZmcyw ImWnpIbpw Ahscn Xs aep
IfpsS apn A`nam\w {]ISnnpIbpw, \cIn
\nv [mcmfw t]sc tamNnnpIbpw sNp Hcp
Znhkas{X AXv. _Z Zn\samgnm ]nimNv C{Xbpw
A`ni]vX\pw \ny\pw \oN\pambn ImWs asmcp
Znhkw Ad^m Zn\stmse C. Amlp Xs Zmk
mtcmSv ImWnp HuZmcyhpw, D]Imchpw Ahv
amv \In \cIn \nv [mcmfambn tamNnnp
Xpw ]nimNv ImWpXv sIms{X AXv.
) ( ) ( ) :
:
( ) (
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
77
'Ad^m Znhktm Amlp Xs Zmkmsc
\cIn \nv tamNnnp asmcp Znhkan. Av
Ah ASpp hv, ChscmWm{KlnpXv Fv
A`nam\ ]qw aepItfmSv ]dbpw'. (apkvenw)
BbXp sImv, Av apkvenwI XfpsS \I
Amlpsh ImWnpIbpw [mcfambn ZnIvdpw ZpBbpw
\Sn Fm sXv Ipfn \npw tJZnp aSn
amncv XfpsS i{Xphmb ]nimNns\ A]am\np
Ibpw thZ\nnpIbpw thWw. As\ kqcy
AkvXanpXp hsc, Amlpsh kvacnv sImpw
{]mnv sImpw XmWptIWp hWnsmpw Cu
ev Ignv IqWw.
kqcy\kvXanp Ignm \_n (k)bpsS amXrI
b\pkcnp hfsc AStmSpw KuchtmSpw IqSn
apkvZen^bntep \oWw. Atm [mcmfambn
X_nbv sNmnsmncnpIbpw hnkvXmcap
hgnbnseptm [rXnbn \SpIbpw sNWw.
kqcy\kvXanpXnv apv bmsXmcp ImcWhimepw
Ad^bn \nv Xncnm ]mSn. Fv sImsm
\_n (k) kqcy\kvXanpXv hsc Ad^bn \nnp
v. AhnSpv ]dp: '\nfpsS lv I
Fn \nv \n ]TnWw'.








lv, Dwd, knbmdv
78

apkvZen^bn
apkvZen^bn Fnbm aKvcn_v aqv dIvApw
Cim cv dIvApw PwBbn Hcp _mpw cv CJma
pw \Sn \akvIcnWw. \_n (k)bpsS amXrIb\p
kcnp AhnsS Fnb DSs\s \akvIcnWw.
aKvcn_ns kabv Xs Fnbmepw icn CimbpsS
kabambXnp tijw Fnbmepw icn. apkv Zen^bnse
nb DSs\ Xs \akvIcnpXnp apmbn Pwd
Ifn Fdnbm\p IpI s]dpn IqpIbmWv
idC thsX hnizmktmsS Nne km[mcWm
As\ sNpXv sXpw ASnm\ clnXhpamWv.
aivAdp ldman \nv an\mbntep XncnXn\p
tijta IpI s]dpnqm \_n (k) Inn
pp. IpI FhnsS \np s]dpnbmepw aXn.
apkvZen^bn \npXs s]dpnqWsan.
an\mbn \nv s]mdpnbmepw aXn. Pwdp AJ_
bn FdnbpXnmbn Ggp Ip am{Xw Ap s]dpn
sbSppI. _mnbp aqp Znhkfn Ccp]n
Hv Iv hoXw aqv PwdIfnepw FdnbpXnmbn
an\mbn \nv Xs Hmtcm Znhkhpw s]dpnsbSp
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
79
pI FXmWp kpv. AXp XsbmWv \_n (k)
bpsS amXrI.
Ip IgptIXn. IgpIm IpsImv Xs
FdnbWw. \_n (k)bpw klm_pw A{]Imcw sNbvX
Xmbn am{Xta Dcnsnpp. Hcn Fdn Ip
sImv hopw Fdnbm ]mSn.
Cu cm{Xn lmPnam apkvZen^bn Xs IgnWw.
_elo\cmb kv{XoIpw IpnIpw apw cm{Xnbp
sS Aybmafn an\mbntev ]pdsSpXnv hntcm
[an. Bbni (d)bn \npw Dpkea (d) bn \npw
Dcns lZokpI AXnv sXfnhmWv . ap
lmPnam kzp_vlv \akvImcw IgnbpXp hsc AhnsS
s Ignv IqpIbpw ]noSp t\cw shfnamIpXv
hsc aivAdp ldman \nv [mcmfambn ZnIvdpw
XIv _odpw ZpBDw \Sn sImncnpIbpw sNWw.
ChnsS shp {]m\bn CcpIcfpw Dbp
Xp kpmWv. apkvZen^bn FhnsS \nmepw aXn.
aivAdp ldmans ASpv Xs \nWsatm,
AXn Ibdn \nWsatm Hpan. \_n (k)
]dnpXv C{]ImcamWv.
) (







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
80
'Rm\nhnsS (aivAdp ldman) BWv \nXv. Fm
apkvZen^ apgph \nmhp eamWv.' (apkvenw)

an\mbntep \ow
t\cw \t]mse shfpm kqcy DZnpXnp
apmbn an\mbntev XncnWw. \Sptm [mcmf
ambn X_nbv sNmnsmncnWw. apln
Xmgvhcbnseptm Aw [rXn Iqn \SWw.
an\mbnsenbm Pwdp AJ_mbpsS ASpv
shv X_nbv \nWw. DSs\s Ggv IpI
sImv XpSbmbn AJ_msb FdnbWw. Fdnbptm
ssI DbpIbpw XIv_o sNmpIbpw thWw.
_Xv\p hmZnbn \nv sImv IAv_sb CSpw
an\msb hepw BnbmWv FdntbXv. As\bmWv
\_n (k) sNbvXXv.
ap hifn \nsdnbpXp sImv hntcm[an.
IpI eyn ]XnWsap am{Xw. IpI
eyn (PwdbpsS XSn)s AhtijnW
sav \n_\sbmpan. eyns Iv hogW
sat \n_\bpp. AXnv tijw Iv ]pdv
t]mbm AXv sImv hntcm[an. Camw \hhn (d)
idlp apl_n hyamnb t]mse ]nXm
cpsS hyamb A`n{]mbw CXmWv. ISeaWnIsfmfpw
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
81
Aw hepap sNdpXcw Nc IpIfmWv Fdn
bm D]tbmKntXv.
Itdp IgnXn\v tijw _enarKsf AdpWw.
) ( Fp ]dp
sImv Jn_vev t\sc Xncnp InSn thWw Adp
m. HIs CSXv ssI ]nSnp sIn \ndpnbpw,
BSv, ]ip apXembhsb CSXp hiw sNcnp InSnbpw
AdppXmWv kpv. Jn_vev t\sc Xncnp
InSmsX Adpm kpv Dt]np FmsX
Adhv \njv^eamhpIsbmpan. Jn_vev Xncn
kpv am{XamWv, hmPns_mpa.
Xm _enbdp arKns amwkw Xm `np
Ibpw, km\npIbpw [w sNpIbpw thWw.
Amlp ]dbpp: ) (
'AXn \nv kzbw `npIbpw IjvSsSph
scbpw Zcn{Zscbpw `nnpIbpw sNpI'. ]nXm
cpsS Ghpw icnbmb A`n{]mba\pkcnv XivcoJv Zn\
fn aqmas Znhkw kqcy\kvXanpXp hsc
Adhns kabw \op \npw. Atm
(Adhp\m) ASw \mep Znhkw Adpmhp
ZnhkfmWv. Adhp IgnXnp tijw Xe ap\w







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
82
sNpItbm apSn apdnpItbm sNWw. apSn hSnp
IfbpXmWpaw. apSn Ifbphv thn \_n (k)
aqv XhW aKv^ndnpw dlvanpambn {]mnp.
apSn apdnphv thn Hcp XhW am{Xta {]mn
pp. Xebn A `mKw apdnv Ifmepw t]mcm.
apdnpIbmsWn apgph apdnWw. A{]Imcw
XsbmWv apSn IfbpXpw. kv{XoI Hmtcm anSn
apSnsn \npw hnc sImSntbmfw apdnv IfbWw.
Pwdp AJ_mbn IsdnbpIbpw, apSn Ifbp
Itbm, apdnpItbm sNpIbpw Ignm aplvcnanv
ldmambncp Imcyfn kv{Xobm asm Imcy
fpw lmPnv lemembngnp. CXnmWv Hmas
Xlp Fp ]dbpXv. Cu Xlpenv tijw
kpKw ]qipXpw mbn abntep
t]mIpXpw kpmWv. Bbni (d) bpsS lZokn
CXnp sXfnhpv. Ah ]dp:
) ) (
( ) (
'Clvdmanp thn Clv dman\p appw lememhpXnv
thn Xzhm^np appw Rm \_n (k)sb kpKw
]qimdpmbncpp. (_p. ap)
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
83
Cu Xzhm^np Fpw
Fpw ]dbpp. CXv lns dpIv \pIfn Hm
Wv. AXp IqSmsX lv ]qnbmIpX. Xmsg
]dbp JpB hmIyns Xmcyw AXmWv.
) ( ) : (
']noSh AhcpsS AgppI \ow sNpIbpw
t\I hopIbpw ]pWy`h\w {]ZnWw (Xzhm^v )
sNpIbpw thWw.' (lv:29)
Xzhm^pw aJmapC{_mloans ]nn \np cv
dIvAv \akvImchpw Ign tijw apXanBsW
n kz^mpw ahpanSbn kAvbv \SWw. CXv
lns kAvbmWv, BZyw sNbvXXv DwdbpsSXpw.
]nXmcpsS Ghpw {]_eamb A`n{]mba\pk
cnv H kAvbv aXnbmIpIbn. Bbni (d)bpsS lZokv
CXmWv IpdnpXv. Ah ]dp: 'R dkqep
mln (k)bpsS IqsS lnp ]pdsp. dkq (k)
Inp: _enarKw IqsS sImp hh lnpw
Dwdpw IqSn Clvdmw sIpIbpw ln \npw
Dwdbn \npw Hw lememIpIbpw sNWw'. ]no
Sh ]dp: 'Dwdv thn Clvdmw sInbh IAv _
bpw kz^m ahbpw Xzhm^v sNbvXv Clvdman \nv







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
84
Hgnhmbn. ]noSh an\mbn \np aSnb tijw
lnp thn hopw Hcp Xzhm^v IqSn sNbvXp'.
(_pJmcn, apkvenw). an\mbn \np aSnb tijw
lnp thn hopw Hcp Xzhm^v IqSn sNbvXp Fv
Dwdv thn Clvdmw sInbhscpdnv Bbni (d)
{]kvXmhnXn Xzhm^v sImptinpXv kz^mpw
ahmpanSbnse Xzhm^v

(kAvbv) BIpp. Cu
lZokns hymJym\fn Ghpw {]_eamb A`n{]mb
amWnXv. BWv AXpsImh DtinsXp
A`n{]mbw icnb. Fp sImsm
F \nev lns dpIv\v Fmhcpw sNbvXnpv.
ChnsS apXanCs\ am{Xw _m[np Xzhm^mWp
tiw. AXv lns ]qoIcWnmbn an\mbn
\nv aSn h tijw kz^m ahnSbnep
cmas Xzhm^v (kAvbv) XsbmWv. CXv hfsc
hyamWv .

*Xzhm^v F ]Zw kz^mahInSbnep
kAvbnv lZokpIfn [mcmfw {]tbmKnn
pv.hnh:

















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
85
A[nI ]nXmcpsS A`n{]mbhpw CXmWv. Camw
_pJmcn (d) Xs PmanDzloln A\p_ambn
tNnp C_v\p Amkns lZokv CXn\p Dt]m
_eIamWv.
lnse XapCs\pdnv tNmZyapmbtm
C_v\pAmkv C{]Imcw adp]Sn ]dp: 'lp
hnZmC aplmPndpIfpw AkmdpIfpw \_n (k)bpsS
]Xv\namcpw Rfpw Clvdmw sIn abn htm
dkqepmln (k) C{]Imcw ]dp:
) (
'_enarKw IqsS sImphnnmhscmw Xfp
sS lnp Clvdmw DwdpXmn amntbWw.'
As\ R IAv_tbbpw kz^sbbpw ahsbbpw
Xzhm^v sNbvXp. XpSp kv{XoIsf kao]np hkv{X
fWnp. _enarK IqsS sImphh Ah
bYmm\spXv hsc lemembnqsSv \_n
(k) Inp. ]noSv Xhnbv \mfn sshIptcw
RtfmSv Clvdmw sIm Inp. lv Ifn
\nv hncantm R hp IAv_mbpw kz^mbpw
ahmbpw Xzhm^v sNWsapw RtfmSv Inp.
apXanAv cv XhW kz^mpw ahmpanSbnep







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
86
kAvbpI \SWsaXnv Cu lZokv hfsc
hyamb sXfnhs{X.
Fm \_n (k)bpw kzlm_pw kz^mpw
ahpanSbn BZys Hscm Xzhm^v am{Xta sNbvXn
ppsh Pm_n (d) hn \npw Camw apkvenw tcJs
Spnbnp lZokn ]dnpXv _enarK IqsS
sImv h kzlm_nIv am{Xw _m[IamWv. Ah
\_n (k)bpsS IqsS Clvdman Xs XpScpIbpw
ln \npw Dwdbn \npw Hw HgnhmIpIbpamWp
mbXv. \_n (k) ln\pw Dwdpw IqSnbmbncpp
Clvdmw sInbncpXv. _enarKw IqsS sImph
kzlm_nItfmSv ln\pw Dwdpw Hmbn Clvdmw
sIphm\pw cn \npw Hnp am{Xw HgnhmIm\pamWv
InncpXv. ln\pw Dwdpw Hnv Clvdmw
sInb Jmcnv Hscm kAvbv am{Xta thXppshv
Pm_n (d)hns {]kvXpX lZokn \npw kzlolmb
ap lZokpIfn \npw hyamWv.
C{]Imcw lnp am{Xw Clvdmw sInb, Zplv
10 hsc Clvdman Ignv Iqt ap^vcnZnpw Hcp
kAvbv am{Xw sNbvXm aXn. Xzhm^p JpZqanp tijw
kAvbv \Snb ap^vcnZnpw Jmcnpw Xzhm^p C^mZ
np tijw kAvbv sNtXn. C{]ImcamWv Bbni
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
87
(d) bpsSbpw Pm_n (d) hnsbpw C_v\p Amkns
bpw lZokpI Xn tbmPnntXv. As\
Bibpgw CmXmIpIbpw Fm lZokpIpw
Xpey{]m_eyw e`npIbpw sNpw.
Cu kwtbmPnnenv asmcp Imcyw IqSn Dt]m
_eIambpv. Bbnim (d) bpsSbpw C_v\p Amkv (d)
hnsbpw kzlolmb lZokpI apXanCp cmw
kAvbns\ ncsSppp. Pm_n (d)s lZokv AXv
Csp ImWnpp. Ccw k`fn ncsSp
p `mKnmWv apKW\ \tsX Imcyw
kkXamWtm
) (
amkw ]n\p Xs \mep Imcyfpw ap]d
t]mse hgnphgn sNpXmWv lmPnv Ghpw \Xv.
AXmbXv, BZyw Pwdp AJ_mbn IsdnbpI,
]ns Adhv \SpI, ]ns apSn IfbpItbm apdnp
Itbm sNpI, ]ns IAv _sb Xzhm^v sNpI.
apXanDw, Xzhm^p JpZqtamsSmw kAvbv \Sm
ap^vcnZpw Jmcn\pw ]noSv kAvbpw \SWw. Cu {Iaw
sXnpXn hntcm[sampan. As\ sNbvXh
smw \_n (k) hnphogv A\phZnXmbn ncsn
pv.







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
88
Hcp lmPn ]qambpw XlpemIpXv aqv
Imcy sImmWv. Hv: Pwdp AJ_mbnse
Itdv. cv: apSn IfbpItbm apdnpItbm sNpI.
aqv: bpw ta {]kvXmhnhcmsWn
IqsS kAv bpw \SpI. Cu aqv Imcyfpw sNbvXm
Clvdmw sImv ldmabncp kv{Xo, kpKw t]mse
bp Fm Imcyhpw lmPnv lemembn Xop.
Chbn cp Imcyw Hcm sNbv Xm kv{Xo HgnsI
_mn Clv dmw sImv ldmamb Imcy lemembn,
CXn\mWv Hmw Xlp Fp ]dbpXv.
hb \ndsb kwkw shw IpSnpXpw, Bhiy
amb {]m\I \SpXpw lmPnp kpmWv.
'Fnp thn IpSnpthm AXnv kwkw shw
{]tbmP\sSpp' Fv \_n (k) ]dXmbn tcJsn
pv. A_qZdv (d) hn \nv Camw apkvenw Cs\
tcJsSpopv. \_n (k) kwkw shsn C{]
Imcw ]dp; ( ) ( )
'AXv hnin\v `Whpw tcmKn\v Huj[hpas{X'
Ignp Bhiyaph kAvbpw
\Snbm lmPnam an\mbntep Xs aSWw.
AhnsS XpSp sImp aqv cmhpw ]Iepw Ignv
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
89
IqWw. aqv Znhkfnepw aqv PwdIfnepw Itdv
\SnsmncnWw. D Xncn tijamWv Itdv
\StXv. {Ia {]Imcw Pwdp Duembn, AYhm
akvPnZp ssJ^nt\mSv Ghpw ASp Pwdbn
\nmWv Itdv XpStXv. XpSbmbn Ggv IpI
Hmtcmpw ssI Dbn FdnbWw. ]ns Aw
]ntmv \nv Pwdsb CSXp himn Jn_v ep
apnp \nv Ccp ssIIfpapbn [mcmfambn {]mn
pIbpw tIWp hWpIbpw thWw.
]ns cmas Pwdbnepw HmatXnsetmse
FdnbpI. Aw aptmp\nv Pwdsb heXp him
n Jn_vep apnv sImv CcpIcfpapbn
hfsctbsd {]mnpXmWv kpv.
]ns aqmas Pwdbn IsdnbWw. AhnsS
\ntXn. AmapivcoJnse cmw Znhkhpw
PwdIfn aqnepw Dp tijw Hmw Znhks {Ia
{]Imchpw apd {]Imchpw Xs IsdnbpIbpw {]mn
pIbpw sNWw. AXmWv \_n (k) bpsS amXrI.
amkw 11, 12 Fo Znhkfnse Itdv lns
hmPn_pIfns Hcp hmPn_mWv. A{]Imcw Xs
Hpw cpw cmhpIfn an\mbn cm{Xn IgnpIqpXpw
hmPn_mWv. Fm kwkw hnXcWmpw CSb
pw Ahsctmsebphpw AXv hmPn_.







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
90
{]kvXpX cp Znhks Itdn\p tijw [rXnbn
an\m hnSWsam{Klnphv As\bmhmw.
kqcy Akv Xanpw app Xs Ah ew hnSWw.
Fm aqmas cm{Xnbpw AhnsS IgnpIqn aqmw
Znhks PwdIfnepw Itdv Ignm Imncnp
XmWv Ghpw t{ijvTambnpXpw Ghpw almb
{]Xn^enlambnpXpw. Amlp ]dbpXv
C{]ImcamWv:
)
( ) : (
'GXm\pw Znhkfn \n Amlpsh kvacnp
ho. Bscnepw [rXn ImWnp cv Znhkw sImv
(an\mbnse Xmakw aXnbmn) aSnbm Ah\v Ipan.
(aqv Znhkw hsc) Xmaknmepw Ah\pw Ipan; XJvh
bphv'.
cp Znhkw sImv aXnbmm \_n (k) A\phmZw
sImSpp. AhnSpv amkw ]Xnaqnv D Xncnp
PwdIfn Itdp IgnpXp hsc an\mbn Xs
XmaknpIbmWv sNbvXXv. ]ns \akvcnp
Xnp apmbn AhnsS \nv bm{XXncnp. kzw \nev
PwdIfn Itdv \Sm Ignbm IpnIfpsS
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
91
cnXmv XfpsS Itdv Ignm Pwdp
AJ_mbnepw ap PwdIfnepw Ahp thnbpw
Itdp \SmhpXmWv. Pm_n (d)hns lZokn
\nv CXv a\nemmw. Atlw ]dp: 'R
dkqepmln (k)bpsS IqsS lv sNbvXp. RfpsS
IqsS kv{XoIfpw IpnIfpw Dmbncpp, IpnIp
thn R X_nbv sNmpIbpw Itdp
\SpIbpw sNbvXp'. (C_v\pamPx)
tcmKw sImtm, hmIyw sImtm, K`w sImtm
Itdv \Sm Ignhnmhv aphsc Xp
thn Itdv \Sm `ctanmhpmXmWv .
Amlp ]dbpp: ) (
'\nfpsS Ignh\pkcnv \n Amlpsh
kqnpI'.
tadhv PwdIfpsS ASpv BfpIsf
Xnnncm IgnbpIbn, Itdns kabamsW
n \jvSsp t]mIpw. kabw Ignp t]mbm
hom idC hn[nbn. AXn\m Ahv aphsc
`ctanmw. av lv Iv CXv _m[Ia.
aplvcnw X\np ]Icw asmcmsf I\nlWnv
`ctanm ]mSn. kpmb lmbncpmepw
icn, FpsImsm lnpw Dwdpw Hcm







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
92
Clvdmw sIngnm Ah kpmbncpmepw
I ]qnbmm Ah _my\mbn.
Amlp ]dbpp: ) (
'lpw Dwdbpw Amlphn\p thn \n
]qnbmpI'.
Itdns kabw \jvSsSpXv t]mse Xzhm^n
sbpw kAv bnsbpw kabw \jvSsp t]mIpIbpan.
Ad^mbnse \ndphpw, apkvZen^bnse cmmpw,
an\mbnse Xmakhpsamw kabw \jvSspt]mIp
IfmsWnepw Aiv hnjansnepw AhnS
fn lmPcmIphm km[npw. Fm kzw
\nev Itdp \SpI {]bmkw XsbmWv. Fp
Xsb ke^pzmenlpI Ignhnmhp ]Icw
Isdnbm aphsc GnXmbn amXrIbpapv. ap
Ifn A{]Imcw amXrIbn. Bcm[\mI
JnXambn A\pimknshbmWv. \ymbamb sXfn
hpIfnmsX Bpw kzw \nev AXn bmsXmcp
t`ZKXnbpw \ntinm AlXbn.
{]Xn\n[n aqp PwdIfn Hmtcmnepw BZyambn
X\np thn Itdp \SpIbpw ]noSv Xs `cta
nhp thn AhnsS \np sImp Xs Itdv
\SpIbmWv thXv. aqp PwdIfnepw X\np thn
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
93
Itdv \Sngn tijta Xs `ctanh\p
thn Itdp \Smhq Fn. ImcWw B hnjb
n JnXamb sXfnhn. ]nXmcpsS c`n{]m
bfn Gw icnbmb A`n{]mbw AXmWv. FpXs
b AXv hfsc hnjaapmpXpw {]bmkIchpamWv.
Amlp ]dbpXv t\mq: ) (
"Amlp \nv bmsXmcp hnjahpw Zo\n Dmn
shnpan". \_n (k) ]dp: ) (
'\n FfpampI, hnjannmXncnpI'. Fp
Xsb, dkqepmln (k)s kzlm_v IpnIpw
Zpepw thn Itdv \Snbtm As\
sNbvXXmbn dntmn. XfpsS aqpw Ign
tijta `ctanhp thn Ah Itdv \Sn
bncppp Fn Xobmbpw AXv IrXyambpw
hyambpw dntmv sNsSpambncpp. ImcWw
Acw Imcy dntmv sNpXn Ah AXyw
Xccmbncpp.

arK_en

akvPnZp ldmans ]cnkcv ncXmakmc
m apXanCpw Jmcnpw arK_en \n_amWv.







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
94
Hcp BtSm HInstbm ]iphnstbm Ggn Hcp
Hmlcntbm BWv _en IgntXv. Xs \ kmZy
n \npw lememb [\n \npambncnWw B
_env hIbncptXv. FvsImsm Amlp
\h\mWv. \XmsX Ah kzoIcnpIbpan.
_enarKtam, assneptam bmNnp hmpXv cmPmhn
t\mtSm amtcmsSneptam BIs apkvenans am\yXv
tbmPnX. Xs _enInp aXnbmbXpw CXcm
cpsS ssIIfn \np X\nv \ncm{ibXzw \IpXp
amb [mcmfw kv Amlphn \np X\nv
e`nncns As\ sNmXncnpIbmWv am\yX. \_n
(k)bn \np bmN\sb Zpjnv sImpw IpsSpn
smpw, AXp Dt]nphsc {]iwknv sImpw
[mcmfw lZokpI tcJsp InSppv.
apXanCpw Jmcnpw _enbdpm km[yamIm
sX hm Ah lns Znhkfn Xs aqp
t\mpw, hon aSnsbnb tijw Ggp t\mpw
(BsI ]v) t\mtXv \n_amWv. lns
Znhkfnse aqv t\mv, buaplvdns aptm,
Amapiv coJns aqv Znhkfntem t\mm
Ahp kzmX{yapv. Amlp ]dbpp:
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
95
)

..... ( ) : (
"Fnv Bscnepw Dwd (\nhlnv) sImv lv hsc
kpJsaSpp ]w, Ah\p kuIcys _en
Atm Ah\dpWw. C\n Bsnepw (_enarKw)
Innbnsn ln(s Znhkfn) aqp Znhkw
t\mp t\mWw. \n aSntmbm Htcgpw
(t\mp t\mWw). kzw IpSpw_m akvPnZp
ldan\Spv XmakanmhmWXv (B hn[n)".
Amapiv coJns Znhkfn _enarKw Inm
hmsX t\mv t\mm A\phZnsncpn
sv Bbni (d)bpw C_v\p Da (d)hpw ]dXmbn
Camw _pJmcn tcJsSpnbnpv.
\_n (k) bpsS \ntiambns Cu lZokv
]cnKWnsSmhpXmWv. Ad^mZn\ns apmbn
s B aqp t\mpw t\mpXmWpaw.
Ad^m Zn\n t\mvImc\mXncnpIbmWv thXv.
FvsImsm Ad^mZn\n \_n (k) t\mp
Imc\mbn \nXv. Ad^mZn\n Ad^mbn shv
t\mv t\mpXv \_n (k) hntcm[npIbpw sNbvXn







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
96
cnpp. FXpXsb Av ZnIvdpIfpw ZpBIfpw
\Sm IqSpX Dtjhm\mbncnpXnv t\mv
t\mmXncnpIbmWv \Xv. ta]d aqp
t\mpw XpSbmbpw CShnpw t\mmhpXmWv.
AXp t]mse Xs Ggp t\mpw XpSbmbns
t\mWsav \n_an. Xs kuIcyw t]mse
XpSbmbpw CShnpw t\mmw. Amlpthm, Ahs
dkqtem Ah XpSbmbn t\mWsa \n_\
Npaon. B Ggp t\mpw hon aSnsbnb
tijw t\mpXmWpaw. ) ( Fm
Wtm Amlp ]dXv. AXmbXv "\n aSnsbn
bm Gsghpw" Fp kmcw.
_enarKnp Ignhnmh cmPmmtcmtSm
atm X\np thn _enbdpm _enarKw bmNnp
Xns\m \Xv t\mv t\mpI XsbmWv.
bmNnmsXtbm, tamlnmsXtbm Bscnepw Hcp _en
arKtam atm \Inbm AXp D]tbmKnpXnp
hntcm[an. asmcmv ]Icw lv sNpIbmsW
nepw AbmfpsS _p X\nv \Inbnp
]Wn \np _enarKw IqSn hmWsa \n_\
Npanbnnsn Acnep Zm\w Abmv
kzoIcnmw. Cmev Nne BfpI Nne {]tXyI
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
97
hynIfpsS t]cn Ifhp ]dv cmPmmtcmSpw
apw _enarK tNmZnp hmmdpv. AXv ldmam
sW Imcyn kwibta th. Ifhp ]dp
D]Poh\w IgnpXnp XpeyamWsXv ]dtbXn.
Ccw GmSpIfn \np \sbpw Fm apkvenw
Isfbpw Amlp Ims. Bao

{]tXyIw {intXv

lmPnamcpw Amhcpw \n_]qw sNt
Ghpw {][m\amb Hcp Ihyas{X \ Inp
Ibpw Xn hntcm[npIbpw sNpI FXv. AXp
t]mses Apt\cs \akvmcw PamAtmSp
IqSn IrXyambn A\pjvTnpI FXpw. Amlp
Ahs InXm_neqsSbpw Ahs dkqens \mhneqsS
bpw Innp ImcyfmWh.
abnepw apw Xmakmcmb \nch[n BfpI
]nbn t]mImsX XfpsS hoSpIfn shv \akv I
cnpXv icoAnp hncphpw IpIchpw Xs
bmWv. AXn \nhsc \nambpw XStbXmWv.
]nIfn shpXs IrXy\njvTtbmsS \akvIcnm
\ntinp \_n hN\ hfscbpv.







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
98
A\mbXn\mepw hoSv AIsebmbXn\mepw hon
shv \akvIcnm \_n (k)tbmSv A\phmZw tNmZn
C_v\p DnaIvXqan (d)t\mSv \_n (k) tNmZnp: '\akvImc
np _mv hnfnpXv \o tImdptm?. AsX
Fmbncpp adp]Sn. Fm B hnfnpcw sNpI
Xs thWsamWv \_n (k) InXv.' asmcp cnhmb
n '\n\v Hcp Cfhpw Rm ImWpn' FmWp
Xv.
asmcn \_n(k) ]dXn{]ImcamWv: '\akvImc
nv CJmav sImSpm\pw asmcmtfmSv P\v
\akvIcmnv t\XrXzw \Im\pw \ntiw \Inb
tijw, \akv Imcnv ]sSpmhcpsS hoSpIfn
t]mbn Ahsc AXnenv NppIcnm\pw Rm\ptin
npv.'
C_v\p Amkv (d)hn \npw Camw C_v\pamP
Atlns kp\\n lk\mb k\tZmsS cnhmbv
sNbvXnp Hcp lZokv C{]ImcamWv. '_mv tInpw
bmsXmcp ImcWhpw IqSmsX \akv Imcnv ]nbn
hcmhv \akvImcw Xsbn'.
C_v\pakvDuZv (d) ]dbpIbpmbn: \msf apkvenambn
smv Xs dns\ Ipapsav Bscnepw
B{Klnppshn Cu \akvImc Ahpthn
hnfnsSptSpshp Xs IrXyambn A\pjvTn
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
99
s. FpsImsm Amlp \nfpsS {]hmNI\v
(k) km NcyI \nbnv sImSpnpv. B
km NcyIfnsXmWv \akvImc. Cu PamA
n ]sSpmh Xs hon shp \akvIcn
p t]mse \nfpw \nfpsS hoSpIfn shp
\akvIcnpIbmsWn \nfpsS \_n (k) bpsS Ncy
\n ssIshSnXp Xs. \nfpsS \_n (k)bpsS
Ncy \n ssIshSnm \nbambpw \n hgn
]ngp t]mbn. hfsc \mbn ipn hcpn GsXnepw
Hcp ]nbn Hcm \akvIcnm t]mbm AbmfpsS
Hmtcm Im shpw Hmtcm ]pWyambn Amlp tcJsSp
pp. Hcp ]Sn IqSn Amlp Ahs\ Dbpp. Hcp
]m]w Ahv s]mdpv sImSppp. Adnbs
ap\m^nJpIsf(I]Smc)msX \akvIcnm hcmsX
]namdn \np Bscbpw Rm Inn. Nnesc
cv t] XmnnSnp sImphv kz^v ^n\nSbn
\ndppI t]mepw ]Xnhmbncpp. (apkvenw)
lmPnamcpw Amhcpw Amlp hntcm[n Imcy
fn \np ]msS AIp \npI Xs thWw.
hy`nNmcw, kzhkwt`mKw, tamjWw, ]eni, bXoans
apX Xn, CS]mSpIfn h\ sNpI, Aam\p
Ifn h\ sNpI, elcn ]Zm D]tbmKn
pI, ]pI henpI, hkv{Xw \nenngpI, Al







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
100
mcw, Akqb, I \mSyw, ]cZqjWw, GjWn, apkvenw
Isf ]cnlkn, hmtZym]IcWfpsS {]tbmKw,
AYhm {Kmat^m sdmUpI, hoW, Xpcp, ]pm
pg apXembh hmbn, tdUntbmIfn \npw apw
Km\mem]fpw, kwKoXhmZyfpw {ihn, ]InSIfn,
NXpcwKw, NqXmw, `mKypdn, a\pjycpw AmXpamb
kPoh hkv XpfpsS Ombm{KlWw, AXnv kXw
aqf apXembn FhnsSbpw Fmepw Amlp Xs
ZmkmtcmSv hntcm[nnp \njn IrXyfn G
sp t]mIpXv hfsc IcpXnbncnWw. Acw
Imcyfn \np P\sf `bsSpm akvPnZp
ldanse Xmakmpw lmPnampw CXcmtcm
{]tXyIw _myXbpv. FpsImsm Cu A`b
tI{amb ]pWy \mn shv IpIrXy sNpXv
ISp ]m]hpw AXn\p in hfsc hnXpas{X.
Amlp ]dbpp: ) (
"Cu ]pWy`qanbn shv [nmc ]qw Bscnepw
A{Iaw {]hnm \n\m Ahs\ \mw thZ\m
P\Iamb in BkzZnnpI Xs sNpw".
ldan shv [nmc]qw A{Iaw {]hnm
Dtinphp X Amlp \Ip XmoXv C{X
hnXmsWn AXp {]hnphp in
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
101
bpsS Kuchsambncnpw? Xobmbpw AXv hfsc
`bm\Ihpw ITn\ ItTmchpambncnpw Hpw kwiban.
AXpsImv AXns\ ]nbpw AXp t]mep ap Ip
IrXysfnbpw `bsSpI Xs thWw.
Ccw IpIrXyfn \npw AXp t]mse
Amlp hntcm[n ap Imcyfn \npw `bIp
\nsn am{Xta lv sImv Dtinsnp
]pWyhpw, ]m]tamN\hpw lmPnamv e`npIbpp.
AXmWv \_n (k) ]dXv: 'kv{Xo km]tam, tXmn
hmktam sNmsX Hcm lv Iw \nhlnm
Xs amXmhv Xs {]khn ZnhktXp t]mse
(]cnipntbmsS)bmWv Ah aSpXv'.
Cd ZpjvIrXysfmsfmw `bcambnp
]m]amWv, acWaShtcmSv {]mnpXpw, klmb
a`ynpXpw, AhcpsS t]cn t\ t\cpXpw,
_enbdppXpsamw.
XtfmSv {]mnphp thn Ah
Amlphn ip]mi sNpsatm, tcmKnsb kpJ
sSppsatm, ImWmXmbhsc XncnpsImp hcp
satm BinpsImp Acw sNbvXnI Amlp
ldmamnbnp Gw hn inmIpp, _lpssZhm
cm[\bmIpp. PmlnenmImes apivcnpIfpsS
aXas{X AXv. AXns\ FXnpXnpw AXn \np







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
102
P\sf hntcm[npXnpw thnbmbncpp Amlp
{]hmNIamsc AbXpw thZ{K AhXcnn
Xpw. AXp sImv lmPnamcpw Amhcpamb Hmtcm
cpcpw B inns\ `bIp \ntXpw
Acns] hXpw app sNbvXp t]mbnpsn
AXn \nsmw hncanp Amlphn Xu_mbn
CctXpamWv. Xu_v tijw hopw Hcp ]pXnb
lv sNtXmIpp. FpsImsm inv
Fm Itfbpw \njv^eamnfbpw. Amlp
]dbpp: ) (
"Ah inv sNbvXp t]mbm AhcpsS
apIsfmw ^eiq\yambXp Xs".
sNdpXcw inn s]XmWv Amlp Amhsc
]nSnv kXyw sN. DZmlcWw; \_n XfmWv kXyw,
IAv _ XsbmWv kXyw, Aam\pI ap\nn
kXyw Fns\ kXyw sN Ionpw temI am\y
npw thn If\pjvTnpXpw B C\n
sSpp. Amlphpw \obpw thpI shsn, Am
lphpw \obpw Csn, CXv Amlphnsbpw \ns
bpw hIbmWv Fns\ ]dbpXpw Aqn
sXp Xs. CXymZn in ZpjvIrXysfnsbmw
Ftmgpw IcpXnbncnWw. Ah Dt]nm ]ckv]
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
103
cw D]tZinpIbpw thWw, \_n (k) ]dbpXv t\mq:
) ( ) (
'Amlphmhsc ]nSnp kXyw sNbvXh Im^n
dmbn. Asn inp sNbvXp Xo'. (AlvaZv, A_q
ZmhqZv, XnanZn Fo CamapI kzlolmb k\tZmsSbm
Wv Cu lZokv cnhmbv sNbvXnpXv.) Da (d)hn
\nv kzlolmbn C{]Imcw Dcnncnpp: Amlp
hns dkq (k) ]dp:
'Bscnepw kXyw sNWsan Amlphns
t]cn kXyw sNs, Asn au\w ]menp
sIms'. \_n (k) hopw ]dp:
) ( ) (
'Aam\v ap\nn Bscnepw kXyw sNbvXm
Ah \psS Iqn s]h\'. (A_qZmhqZv)
\_n (k) C\nbpw ]dbpp:
) (
'\nsf kw_nv Rmt\hpa[nIw `bsSpXv
sNdnb inmWv. AsXmsWv Atm At\zjW
apmbn. AhnSpp ]dp, AXmWv I\mSyw
(temIam\yw)'.







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
104
\_n (k) hopw ]dp: 'Amlp DtinXpw
Cbm DtinXpw' Fp \n ]dbcpXv. Amlp
DtinXpw ]ns Cbm DtinXpw Fv ]dbpI
bmWv thXv'.
) (
C_v\pAmkn \nv Camw \kmC Dcn Hcp
lZokn C{]Imcw ImWmw: Hcm \_n (k)tbmSmbn
Cs\ ]dp: 'Amlphns dkqte, Amlp
DtinXpw XmfptinXpw' Atm \_n (k) ]dp:
'\o Fs Amlphnp Xpey\mntbm? Fm
Amlp am{Xw DtinXv (Fv ]dbpI)'
) (
XuloZns kwcWnepw sNdpXpw hepXpamb
inpIsfn Xs Dns\ XmoXp \Ip
Xnepw, AhcpsS Cuams kpcnXXznepw, Amlp
hns inbn \npw Amlphns tIm] tlXp
fn \npw Ah csSpXnepw \_n (k)pmbn
cp Xmcyhpw Bnbpw F{Xam{Xambncppshv
Cu lZokpIfn \np a\nemmw. Amlp AhnSp
tv XXmb {]Xn^ew Ghpw t{ijvTambns
\IpamdmIs. Bao. AhnSp XnenXamb
ZuXyw Fnp Ignp. P\v XmoXv \In.
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
105
AmlpthmSpw Ahs ZmkmtcmSpw Iqdp]pen,
Amlp AhnSps {]Xn^e\m hsc \ne\np
ImcpWynpw A\p{Klnpw ]m{Xams.

]nXamcpsS ISa

lmPnamcpw, Amlphns \n`bamb ]Wnepw,
Ahs dkqens _lpam\y \Kcnepw Xmaknp
hcpamb Fm]nXamcpw, Amlp P\v
idBbn \nbnp sImSpnp Imcyfpw, inpw,
ap IpIrXyfpw t]mse Amlp Ahv ldmamn
bnp Imcyfpw Ahsc ]TnnpIbpw m\
XrjvW ianpw hn[w Fm Imcyfpw sXfnhpI
klnXw Ahv hniZoIcnv sImSppIbpw thWw.
As\ AImcfn \np {]Imintev Ah
sc tamNnnpIbpw, Xsf Amlp NpaXesSpn
bnp {]t_m[\w, hniZoIcWw t]msebp _myX
I \nlnpIbpw sNWw. Amlp ]dbpp:
) .. (
"{Kw \Ish AXv P\v hnhcnv
sImSpmsapw AXv adv shpIbnspw Amlp
hpambn Icm sNbvX k`w Htmpt\mq".







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
106
Cu kapZmbnse ]nXam, AlvepInXm_nse
A{IanIfmb ]nXamsctmse kXyw adp shv
sImv ]mc{XnI PohnXn\p ]Icw `uXnI PohnXn
\p {]mapJyw \IphcpsS amw Ahew_np t]mI
cpsXv Ahsc DWpIbpw XmoXp \IpI
bpamWv Cu Bbns Xmev]cyw. Amlp ]dbpp:
)

( ) : - (
"\mw Cdnbnp hyamb ZrjvSmfpw am
\ntifpw thZ{Kn \mw P\v hnhcnp
sImSp tijhpw ]qgvn shphsc Xobmbpw
Amlp i]npp, i]nphscmw i]npp.
Fm ]m]np aSpIbpw, k
sNpIbpw, (Fs BbpI P\v) hnhcnv
sImSppIbpw sNbvXhcmtcm AhcpsS ]mm]w
Rm kzoIcnpw, Rm Xu_ kzoIcnph\pw
IcpWmhmcn[nbpas{X".
P\sf Amlphntev WnpXpw, GsXm
n\p thn P\sf krjvSnncnppthm AXnp
th am \nti Ahv \IpXpamWv
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
107
Ghpw almb ]pWy Isapw Ghpw {][m\amb
NpaXesbpw, AXmWv {]hmNIamcptSbpw Jnbmav
\m hsc Ahsc ]n]phcpsSbpw amsapw
[mcmfw BbpI sImpw \_n hN\ sImpw
sXfnnpv. Amlp ]dbpp:
) (
) : (
"Amlphntev WnpIbpw k
A\pjvTnpIbpw, Xm apkvenwIfpsS Iqn BIp
pshv {]Jym]npIbpw sNbv Xht\m \ hmv
]dh\mcmWv?". hopw Amlp ]dbpp:
)
( ) : (
"CXmsWs amw, Rm\pw Fs ]n ]nbhcpw
sXfnhns ASnm\n XsbmWv Amlphn
tev WnpXv. Amlp k{X ]cnip!
Rm _lpssZh hnizmknIfpsS Iqne". \_n (k)
]dp:
) ( ) (








lv, Dwd, knbmdv
108
'\ ImWnp sImSpphv AXv sNbvXhs\
tmse Xs {]Xn^eapv'.
Hcn \_n (k) Aen (d) t\mSv ]dp:
) ( ) (
'\o aptJ\ Hcmsf Amlp t\hgnmnbm
Nph HIsfmfpw AXmWv \n\paw'.
Cu Anep [mcmfw BbpIfpw lZokp
Ifpw Dv. AXpsImv Adnhpw Cuam\pw Dh Am
lphntev WnpXnepw, P\fpsS cmam
Ahv \ntinv sImSppXnepw Ahv
hn\miIcamb amsfpdnv Ahp XmoXp
\InsmncnpXnepw Atbs {ia
Ccnbncnbmbn \SnsmncntXpv.hntijnpw,
XnjvS[o\sSpIbpw, hn[zwkIknmfpw,
]nncn {]m\fpw hym]npIbpw sNbvXnp
Cu ImeLn km {]t_m[Iam Cp hfsc
Ipdncnpp. \nXXzhpw AcmPIXzhpw {]Ncnn
phcmWv CshnsSbpw hnp sImncnpXv .
Amlp am{Xta klmbapp. alm\pw DX\pamb
Amlphns\smmsX _ehpw inbpan.

















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
109
abn Xmaknp Imetmfw lmPnam Amlpsh
kvacnpw Ahv hgnspw kfn \ncXcm
bpw Ignp IqWw. IAv_n hp \akvImchpw
Xzhm^pw [mcmfambn \nlnp sImncnWw. Fp
sImsm ldanshp ]pWyI IWn
msX CcnsSphbmWv. AhnsS shp ]m]
IfmIs KpcpXchpw ItTmchpas{X. Amlp
hns dkqens t]cn kzempw kemapw [mcmfambn
sNmnsmncnWw.

hnShm Xzhm^v

abn \np ]pdpt]mIm Dtinm IAv_
sb Xzhm^v sNbvX tijta t]mIm ]mSpp. AXv
\n_amWv. Xzhm^phnZmAv FmWv Cu Xzhm^n
s t]. IAv _bpambp AhcpsS kw Cu
Xzhm^neqsSbmWv D]kwlcntXv. Fm B
hImcnItfm {]kqXnIItfm Bb kv {XoI Xzhm^p
hnZmAv sNtXn. C_v\p Amkv (d)hns lZokn
\nv CXv hyamIppv. Atlw ]dp: 'AhcpsS
IAv _bpambp kns D]kwlmcw Xzhm^m
bncnWsap AhnSp I]np. Fm EXpaXn







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
110
Ifmb kv{XoIhnSpp Amcyn Cfh\phZnp
sImSppIbmWpmbXv'. (_pJmcn, apkvenw)
Xzhm^p hnZmAv Ignv ]pdp t]mIm\ptinm
]nbn \np t\sc aptmv \onsmp thWw
]pdp t]mIm. ]ntmv \on \Sm ]mSn. AXv
\_n (k)bn \ntm, AhnSps klm_mfn
\ntm ncsnn, Fp Xsb AXv _nZv Amb
]p\mNmcamWv. \_n (k) ]dp:
) (
'\psS I\ {]ImcamsX Fsnepw Iw Bsc
nepw sNbvXm AXv XsXmWv'.
asmcn \_n (k) ]dp:
) (
'Zo\n ]pXpXmbpmsSp Imcy \n
kqnWw. Zo\n ]pXpXmbpmsSp FmImcy
fpw _nZvAmWv. _nZvApIsfmw ZpamamWv'.
Amlphns Zo\n \s ASnbpdnp \nm
\apht\mSv {]mnmw. Zo\nsXncmb Fm Imcy
n \npw Ah \s cns. Ah A\p{Kl
Imhpw DZmc\pas{X ( )

















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
111

akvPnZp_n ki\hpw acymZIfpw
lnp aptm ]ntm (aZo\bnse) akvPnZp_n
kinpXv kpmWv. A_qlpssdd (d)bn
\np _pJmcnbpw apkvenapw Dcn lZokvsImv
ncsnpXmWv. Amlphns dkq (k) ]dp:
)
( ) (
'Fs Cu ]nbn shp Hcp \akvImcw
akvPnZp ldmw HgnsI ap ]nIfnshp Bbncw
\akvmcsm DaamWv'.
C_v\p Da (d)hn \np apkvenw Dcn asmcp
lZokv C{]ImcamWv: \_n (k) ]dp:
)
( ) (
'Fs Cu ]nbnse Hcp \akvImcw, akvPnZp ldm
am ap ]nIfnse Bbncw \akvImctm
t{ijvTamWv'.
A_v Zpmln_v\pkpss_ (d)hn \np Camap
Ifmb Alv aZv, C_v\pJpska, C_v \plnm Fnh







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
112
Dcn Hcp lZokn Cs\ ImWmw. Amlphns
dkq ]dp:
)

( ) (
'Fs Cu ]nbnse Hcp \akvImcw akvPnZp
ldmam ap ]nIfnse Bbncw \akvImcsm
t{ijvTamWv. akvPnZp ldmanse Hcp \akv Imcw Fs
Cu ]nbnse \qdv \akvImcsm ]pWyIcamWv '
AlvaZv, C_v\pamP Fnh Pm_n (d)hn \np
cn Hcp lZokpIqSn {inpI: Amlphns dkq
]dp: 'Fs ]nbnse Hcp \akvImcw akvPnZp
ldmam ap ]nIfnse Bbncw \akvImctm
]pWyIcamWv. akvPnZp ldanse Hcp \akvImcw ap
]nIfnse Hcp ew \akvImctm ]pWyIca
s{X'. Cu Bibnep [mcmfw lZokpIfpv.
kiI (aZo\bnse) ]nbnsenbm {]thi\
kabv heXpIm apnpXpw
)
(
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
113
Fp ]dbpXpw kpmWv. (Cu ZnIvdns kmcw
apv {]kvXmhnnpv.) atXv ]nbn {]thinp
tmgpw Cu ZnIv XsbmWv sNmtXv. akvPnZp_n
bn {]thinptm sNmt {]tXyI ZnIvdpIsfmp
an. ]noSv ]nbn shv cp dIAv kpv
\akvIcnWw. \akvImcn `uXnIambpw ]mc{XnI
ambpw Xm B{Klnp t\np thn {]mn
tXmWv. dufm ico^n shv \akvIcnm
Ignm Gw \v.
) (
'Fs hon\pw Fs andnpw ({]kwK]oTw) CSbn
ep ew kznse Hcp ]qmh\amIpp'. Fp
\_n (k) ]dXpsImmWXv.
\akvIcnp Ignm ]ns \_n (k)bpsSbpw,
AhnSps cv klm_nIfmb A_q_ (d), Da (d)
FnhcpsSbpw J_vdpI kintXmWv. \_n
(k)bpsS J_vdnp t\sc \np sImv acymZtbmsS
i_v ZaSnsmv \_n (k)v kemw sNmWw:
Fp ]dbWw.
kp\\p A_oZmhqZn lk\mb k\tZmSp IqSn A_q
lpssdd (d)hn \npcn Hcp lZokn CXv tcJsn
pv. Amlphns dkq ]dp:







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
114
) (
'F\nmscnepw kemwsNmnbm Abmv kemw
aSphm\mbn Fs Bmhns\ Amlp F\nv
aSncpw'.
)

(
Fsms ]dbpXpw sXn. FpsImsm
CsXmw \_n (k) bpsS khntij KpWfmWv . ]noS
hnSptp thn kzempw kemapw sNmpIbpw {]m
npIbpw thWw. kzempw kemapw Hw sNmpXv
Xmsg hcp JpB hmIyns ASnm\n
icoAn AwKoIcns ImcyamWv. Amlp
]dbpp: ) (
"kXyhnizmknIsf, \n AhnStp thn
kzempw kemapw sNmpI".
]ns A_q_ (d) hnpw Da (d) hnpw kemw
sNmWw. Ahmbn {]mnpIbpw
Fp ]dbpIbpw thWw.
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
115
C_v\pDa (d) km[mcWbmbn \_n (k)pw AhnS
s cv kzlm_nIpw kemw sNmptm
) (
Fp am{Xw ]dp Xncnp t]mhpIbmbncpp
]Xnhv.
Cu knbmdv Xs ]pcpjamv am{Xta idC
A\phZnsSpIbpp. kv{XoIv Hcp J_vdpw
kinm ]mSpX. J_vdpI kinp
kv{XoIsfbpw, J_dpIv apIfn ]n \nnpI
bpw hnfv InpIbpw sNphscbpw \_n (k)
i]nXmbn ncoIcnsnpv. Fm \_nbpsS
]nbn \akvIcnpXnpw AhnsS shv {]mn
pXnpambn aZo\bntev t]mIpXv ap ]nIfn
t]mbn \akvIcnpIbpw {]mnpIbpw sNp
t]mseXs Fmhpw idC AwKoIcns Imcy
amWv. appcn lZokpIsfmw AXnv sXfnhmWv.
dkqens ]n kinms\nbh AhnsS
shv Ap t\cs \akvImc \nlnpXpw,
almb {]Xn^ew t\SnsbSppXnp th ZnIvdp
Ifpw ZpBIfpw kpv \akvImcfpw [mcmfambn
\nlnpXpw kpmWv. dufm ico^n shv
[mcmfambn kpv \akvImc \nlnpXpw







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
116
]pWyIcw Xs. 'Fs honpw Fs andnpanSbn
ep ew kznse ]qtmpIfnsemmWv Fv
t\cs Dcn kzlolmb \_n hN\w CXnp
sXfnhmWv.
Fm \n_ \akvImc \nlnptm,
kiIcmIs AmhcmIs {]kvXpX dufm ico
^n apnse kz^v ^n Xs ew ]nSnm Hmtcmcp
cpw IgnhXpw {iantXmWv. ]nbpsS Jn_ve
hiv IqnsbSpnp `mKmbmepw aXn. Hmas
kz^v^ns ]pWys Ipdnpw AXn ew ]nSnm
t{]cnnv sImpw kzlolmbn Dcnsnp
[mcmfw lZokpIfpv. \_n (k) ]dbpIbpmbn:
)
(
'_mnepw, Hmas kz^v^nepw D ]pWyw a\n
emnbnp BfpI \dpnsnse AXv InpIbp
p Fp hm \dpnSm t]mepw XmdmIpambn
cpp'.
asmcn \_n (k) AhnSps kzlm_nItfmSmbn
C{]Imcw ]dp:
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
117
)
( ) (
'\n aptmp hcphn, Fs XpScphn, \n
v ]nneph \nsf XpScs, \akvImcn
\nv ]nnsmtbncnp Bsf HSphn Amlp
hpw ]nnp Ifbpw'. (apkvenw)
Bbni (d) bn \np A_qZmhqZv cnhmbv sNbvXn
p Hcp lZokv C{]ImcamWv: \_n (k) ]dp:
) (
) (
'apnse kz^v^n \npw ]nnsmtbncnp
Bsf \cInembncnpw Amlp sImsnpXv'.
Hcn \_n (k) AhnSps kzlm_nItfmSv ]d
p: 'aepI AhcpsS dnsbSpv AWn
\ncp t]mse \nsfpsImmWv AWn \ncm
Xv? aepI Fs\bmWhcpsS dns ASpv
AWn\ncpXv, Amlphns dkqse? Ah
tNmZnp. \_n (k) ]dp: Ah apnse Hmtcm
kz^v^pw ]qnbmnsmncnpw. kz^v^pIfn
]ckv]cw tNp \npIbpw sNpw'. (apkv enw)







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
118
Cu Anep [mcmfw lZokpI hnpv.
hn]peoIcnpXnp appw ]npap \_n (k)bpsS
]nsbbpw ap ]nItfbpw s]mXpsh _m[npXm
Wv B ]cmaisfmw.
kz^v^pIfn \_n (k)bpsS heXphiv \nm
AhnSpv kzlm_nIsf t{]cnnncpXmbn kzlolm
bn ncsnpv. \_n (k)bpsS BZys ]nbn
kz^v^ns heXphiw dufbpsS ]pdmsWXv Fm
hpadnbmw. AXpsImv dufm ico^ns {]m[m\ys
m ]cnKWnstSXv ap kz^v^pIfpw kz^v^p
IfpsS heXphifpamsWv a\nemmw. dufm ico
^n shp \akvImcsmfpw \njvIjnstS
Xpw AXp cpw Xs. Cu hnjbn hnp
lZokpI hniIe\w sNbvXm Bpw hfsc hy
ambn a\nemmhp ImcyamWnXv.
\_nbpsS apdn sXmpXShpItbm, Npw_npItbm,
AXnp Nppw {]ZnWw sNpItbm Bpw A\ph
Z\oba. ke^pkzmenlpIfpsS \S]Snbn AXnp
bmsXmcp amXrIbpan. FpXsb, Zpjn Hcp
_nZvApIqSnbmWXv. Xs Fsnepw Bhiy
\nlnmt\m, tcmKnsb kpJsSpmt\m atm \_n
(k)tbmSnm Bpw A\phmZanmXmIpp.
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
119
AsXmw AnstSXv Amlphnt\mSv am{X
amWv. acWshtcmSv Acw Imcy Anp
Xv Amlphnt\mSv ]v tNepw aphsc Bcm[n
epamIpp.
cp ASnm\ ImcyfnemWv CkvemaXw m]nX
ambnpXv.
Hv: Amlpsh am{XamsX Bcm[nmXncnpI.
cv: Amlphns dkq \nbnp X t]mse
am{Xw Amlpsh Bcm[npI.
AmlphmsX asmcmcm[y\panspw, aplZv (k)
Amlphns XncpZqXcmsWpw kmysSppXn
s Dtiyhpw AXp XsbmWv.
A{]Imcw Xs Amlphns dkqent\mSv ip]mi
tXSm\pw ]mSn. FpsImsm ip]mibpsS DSa
AmlphmWv. Aht\mSmsX AXmhiysSm
]mSn. Amlp ]dbpp: ) (
']dbq, Fm ip]mibpw AmlphnpXmIpp'.
Fm,
. Fsms ]dbmhpXmWv.
kmcw: 'Amlpsh \ns \_n (k)sb Fs Imcy
n ip]mimc\mtW'. 'Amlpth, \ns







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
120
aepIsfbpw kXyhnizmknIfmb \ns ASnbmmsc
bpw Fs Imcyn ip]mi mcmtW'.'Amlpth,
Fs acnp t]mb Ippsf Fs Imcyn
ip]mimcmtW'.
FmsX acnp t]mbhtcmSv t\cnp bmsXmpw
AnpIqSm. ip]mi tXSm ]mSn. Ah Anbm
amcmbmepw icn, Anbmfsnepw icn. Fp
sImsm idC AXnwKoImcan. Fp am{Xa
\_n (k) {]tXyIw FSpp ]dh Hgnm acnhs
asm Ifpw \nept]mIpXmWv.
A_qlpssdd (d)hn \np Camw apkvenw Dcn
Hcp lZokn ImWmw: Amlphns dkq (k) ]dp:
) :
( ) (
'a\pjy acnp Ignm, \ncc^ew \Ip
Zm\w, D]Imc{]Zamb Adnhv, X\npthn {]mnp
\ km\w Fo aqp XcnepXm Fm
Ifpw \nep t]mIpp'.
\_n (k)bpsS PohnXImepw Jnbmap \mfnepw
AhnSptmSv ip]mi tXSm A\phZnsXv B
Imefn \_n (k)v AXnp IgnhpXp sImm
Wv. Jnbmap\mfn dns apn sNp \nv X
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
121
tfmSv ip]mi tXSnbh\p thn ip]mi sNm \_n
(k)v Ignbpw. Cl temIv shp Ignhv Fmh
padnbmw. AXhnSptv am{Xap Hcp khntijX
b. CltemIv s]mXpsh Fmhpw B Ignhpv.
GsXmcp apkvenanpw Xs ktlmZcs ASpv sNv
'F\np thn Cbn Imcymbn Fs
dnt\mSv Xm ip]mi sNtW' Ft]nmhp
XmWv. AXns Aw F\np thn {]mn
tW Fp am{XamWv. BtcmSmtWm At]nsXv
Abmv, Xs ktlmZcs lememb Bhiy
\nlnp sImSpm\mbn AmlpthmSv {]mnmhp
Xpw ktlmZcp thn ip]mi sNmhpXpamWv.
Fm Jnbmap \mfn Amlp A\phZn
tijamsX Bpw ip]mi sNm AlXbpm
bncnpX. Amlp ]dbpp:
) (
"Xs kXw IqSmsX XtmSv ip]mi sNph
Bcv?"
Fm arXmh Hcp {]tXyImhbmWv. acW
np app a\pjys Ahbpw, Dbnsgpt
np tijap Ahbpw AXpw Xn Hcp hn[
nepw XmcXaysSpnqSmXmWv. ImcWw ann







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
122
s I \nep t]mIpIbpw \_n (k) {]tXyIw
FSpp ]d Nne Imcy Hgnp\nnbm Xs
I^ehpambn am{Xw Ah _sh\mbncnp
Ibpw sNbvXncnpp. acnhtcmSv ip]mi tXSm
\_n (k) Hgnhmnb ImcyfnsSpIbn. AXp
sImv ip]misb AhtbmSv tNm ]mSn.
\_n (k) h^mmb tijhpw Pohnncnpv F
Imcyn kwiban. FmeXv iplZmfpsS PohnX
tmfpw ]qamb Hcp Xcw A`uXnI PohnXw
am{XamWv. AXv acWnp appmbncp AhnSps
PohnXns C\ntem, Jnbmav \mfnse AhnSps
PohnXns C\ntem s]X Xs. cq]hpw
bmYmyhpw Amlphnp am{Xw Adnbmhp Hcp Xcw
PohnXamWXv. AXpsImmWv \_n (k) ]dXv: 'Bsc
nepw F\nv kemw sNmnbm AXv aSphm X
hw Fs Bmhv Amlp F\nv XncnpXcpw'.
AXmbXv AhnSpv anv Xs. AhnSps Bmhv
icochpambn thsnpv. ]t Bscnepw AhnSp
tv kemw sNmnbm AXv XncnpInpw. \_n (k)
bpsS acWs Ipdnp hyamb sXfnhpI Jp
B\n \npw kpn \npw AdnbsXmWv .
sFIy IWv tT\ ]nXamcn AwKoIcns Hcp
Imcyas{X AXv. ]t A`uXnIamb Hcp PohnXw Dm
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
123
Im ]mSnsv CXnp Aan. A{]Imcw Xs
iplZm acnp Fp ]dm AXv
) (
) (
"Amlphns amn sImsh acWs
hcmsWp hnNmcncpXv. Fmeh XfpsS dn
Pohnncnpp. Ahv D]Poh\w \IsSpp."
F Bbn ]d iplZmfpsS A`uXnI PohnX
ns \ntj[a.
Cu {]iv\w C{Xbpw hnkvXcnp Xs {]Xn]mZnt
n hXv As\ Bhiyambn hXp sImmWv .
]ecpw Cu {]iv\w koampIbpw, Amlpshq
SmsX acnpt]mbhv Bcm[\Ifnm\pw As\
inp sNm\pw t{]cnnpIbpw sNppv. Ac
mcn \npw idCsXncmb ap Imcyfn \npw
\tbpw asm apkvenwIsfbpw csSpm
AmlpthmSv \apv {]mnmw.
\_n (k) bpsS J_vdnSppshv Dn i_v Z
apmpI, ZoL t\cw AhnsS \npI XpSn Cp
Nne BfpI sNp Imcy idCp hncpamWv.
FpsImsm, \_n (k)bpsS i_v Ztm i_vZ







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
124
apbpXpw ]ckv]cw Dds kwkmcnp t]mse
AhnSptmSv kwkmcnpXpw Amlp hntcm[nnp
v. AhnSps kao]p\nv i_vZw HXpphm
Ah I]nnpapv. Amlp ]dbpXv t\mq:
)
.

( ) (
"kXyhnizmknIsf, \_n (k)bpsS i_v Ztm
\nfpsS i_vZw \n DbcpXv. \n ]ckv]cw
Dn kwkmcnp t]mse AhnSptmSv Dn
kwkmcnbpacpXv. (As\ sNbvXm) \nfdnbmsX
s \nfpsS I \njv^eambntmIpw. Am
lphns dkqens kn[nbn i_vZw HXpphcm
tcm Ah [\njvTmbn Amlp lrZb kv^pSw
sNbvsXSpnphcmIpp. Ahv ]m]apnbpw
almb {]Xn^ehpapv".
AhnSps J_vdnSpv ZoLt\cw \npXpw
Bhnmhnv kemw ]dpsImncnpXpw
AhnsS Xncp hnnm\pw \_nbpsS J_vdn
i_v Z tImemle Iqphm\pw am{Xta klmbnpI
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
125
bpffp. {]kvXpX BbpIfneqsS apkvenwItfmSv Am
lp \nbaamop ImcysXncmWsXv ]dtb
Xn. Pohnncnptmgpw AXnp tijhpw BZcns
tS hynbmWv \_n (k). AXn\m idCse acymZI
sXncmbn bmsXmpw AhnSps J_vdn shp
sNm Hcp apAvan\npw ]mSn.
C{]Imcw AhnSps J_vdnpt\sc \npsImv
ssII tatmpbnsmv {]m\ \Sp
XnemWv NnebmfpIv henb Xmcyw. ke^pzmen
lpIfmb (Amlphns dkqens) kzlm_nIfpsSbpw
AhcpsS Dacmb ]nKmanIfpsSbpw amXrIsXncm
Wv AsXms Fp am{Xa \h\nnXfmb A\mNm
cfpamWv. \_n (k) ]dXv ChnsS {itbamWv.
)

) (
'Fs kppw, kcnXcpw kam kncpamb
Fs ]nKmanIfpsS kppw apdpsI ]nSnpI.
AXv apdpsI ]nSnpIbpw AWpI sImv ISnv
]nSnpIbpw sNpI. (aXn) ]pXpXmbn \nn
s Imcy \n kqnWw. FpsImsm







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
126
(aXn) ]pXpXmbn \nnshsbmw A\mNmc
amWv. A\mNmcsams hgntISpw'. asmcn \_n (k)
]dp: ) (
'\psS Cu (aX) Imcyn AXnenm Fsn
epw Bscnepw ]pXpXmbn \nnm AXv XsS
Ww'. (_pJmcn, apkvenw). apkvenans asmcp cnhmbn
C{]ImcamWv. ) (
'\psS I\bnm Fsnepsamcp Iw
Bscnepw sNbvXm AXv XsSWw'. Hcm \_n
(k)bpsS J_vdnSpp \nv {]mnpXv Itm
ssk\pB_nZo Aenp_v\p lpssk (d) Abm
sf XSpsImn{]Imcw ]dp: Fs ]nXmhv Fs
]nXmal\mb Amlphns dkqens\ Dcnv sImv
]dbpXmbn Rm tI Hcp hN\w \n\v Rm
]dp Xcmw. \_n (k) ]dp:
)
) (
'Fs J_vdns\ \n Dh (tI{)amcpXv.
\nfpsS hoSpI J_vdpIfmpIbpacpXv. \nsf
s ta kzemv sNmWw. \nsfhnsSbmbncpmepw
\nfpsS kemw F\nsntcpw'.
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
127
CXpt]mse Nne \_n (k)v kemw sNmptm
\akvImcnsetmse s\n\p aosXtbm, Xmsgtbm
heXp ssI CSXp Inta shv ssI sIn \np
Xv ImWmdpv. \_n (k)tm, amsneptam
cmPmamtm, t\Xmtm kemw sNmptm
Cu cq]n \nm ]mSnmXmWv. FpsIms
m B cq]w XmgvabpsSbpw hWnsbpw, Bcm
[\bptSbpw cq]amWv. Amlphns apnmsX B
cq]w {]ISnnpIqSm. ]nXam Cs\bmWv
A`n{]mbsnpsXv lm^nkv C_v\p lP (d) tcJ
sSpnbnpv. cwKw honpIbpw ke^pzmenlp
IfpsS amw ]n]m\m{KlnpIbpw sNphv
Cmcyw hfsc hyamWv. Fm ] ]mXw, Xn
jvSw, Aamb A\pIcWw, ke^pzmenlpIfpsS
amntev WnpsImncnphscpdnv sXn
mcW FnXymZn ZpKpWv hiwhZmcmbhcpsS
Imcyw Amlp Xs Gs. \tbpw Ahscbpw
Amlp lnZmbnems. asns\mfpw kXy
np {]m[m\yw I]nm\p Xu^oJpw Ah
\appw Ahpw {]Zm\w sNs {]mn
sSphcn Ghpw Da Amlphs{X.








lv, Dwd, knbmdv
128
C{]Imcw Xs AIse \np Xs J_vdnp t\sc
A`napJambn \nv kemw sImpw ZpB sImpw Npv
Nennp k{Zmbw Nnepv. CsXms app
]d Iqns A\mNmcfmWv. Amlp A\p
hZnm bmsXmpw Zo\n Iqntm Hcp apkven
anpw ]mSn. bmYmn Ccw {]hnIfneqsS
Amlphpambn ASppXnt\mf[nIw AIepIbm
Wv sNpXv. Camw amenv (d) Ccw sNbvXnIsf
ZpjnpsImn{]Imcw ]dbpIbpmbn:
) (
'Cu Dns BZy hn`mKs \mnb kwKXn
FmtWm AXp am{Xta AXns Ay hn`mKsbpw
\mpIbpp'. \_n (k)bpsSbpw AhnSps
Jpe^mDdminZofpsSbpw, klm_nsbpw, Ahcp
sS Dacmb Xm_nDIfpsSbpw ]mXbneqsS NcnXp
sImmWv Cu Dnse BZy hn`mKw \mbsXp
Fmhpadnbmw. B amw apdpsI ]nSnpIbpw B
]mXbneqsS NcnpIbpw sNpXv am{Xta Cu D
nse Ayhn`mKs \mm klmbnpIbpp.
sFlnIhpw ]mc{XnIhpamb cbpw, ku`mKyhpw
{]Xm]hpw ssI hcpp Fm Imcypw Amlp
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
129
apkvenwIsf XpWs Ah A\p{Kl ZmXmhmWv.
AXypZmc\mWv.

Hcpt_m[\w

\_n (k)bpsS J_v ki\w, ]ecpw sXncn
t]mse hmPn_pa lns Hcp iXzpw A. \_n
(k)bpsS ]n kinms\nbhpw, ]cnkc
hmknIpw kpmb Hcp Imcyw am{XamWv. aZo\
bn \np AIse Xmaknphv J_v ki\
nmbn bm{X sNm ]mSn. Fm akvPnZpco^v
Dtinp bm{X sNpXv kpmWv. As\ AhnsS
Fnbm \_n (k)bpsSbpw cv klm_nIfpsSbpw
J_vdpI kinmw. akvPnZp_nbpsS ki\n
s Hc\p_ambn \_n (k) bpsSbpw cp klm_n
(d)IfptSbpw J_v ki\w DsSppshp am{Xw.
CsXpsImsm \_n (k) ]dXmbn _pJmcnbpw
apkvenapw Dcn lZokn C{]Imcw ImWmw.
) :
) (
'aqp ]nIfntemsX XomS\w sNm
]mSn. 1 (ambnse) akvPnZp ldmw, 2 (aZo\bnse)







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
130
Fs Cu ]n, 3 (ss_p apJnknse) akvPnZp
AJvkzm'.
\_n (k)bpsStbm, ap hhcpsStbm J_v kin
m\mbn bm{X sNpXv idC A\phZnXmbncp
pshn \_n (k) Xs Dns\ AXdnbnmXncn
n. AXns alXzw Ahsc ]TnnmXncnn.
FpsImsm AhnSpv P\tfmSv Ghpa[nIw
KpWImwbp hynbmWv. Amlpsh Ghpa[nIw
a\nemn Ahs\ Ghpa[nIw `bsSp Bfpw
AhnSpp Xs. XnenXambnp ZuXyw hyambn
AhnSpv \nlnnpv. Xs Dnp Fm \bpw
ImWnp sImSppIbpw, Fm Xnsbpdnpw
Ahv apdnbnv \IpIbpw sNbvXnpv. Fs\
Atlw sNbvXnsp ]dbpw? aqp ]nIfntem
sX Xo bm{X sNphsc Atlw XmoXv
sNbvXnpv. 'Fs J_vdns\ Hcph (e)amcpXv.
\n hoSpI J_vdpIfmcpXv. F\np thn
\n kzemv sNmWw. \nfpsS kzemv \n
FhnsSbmbncpmepw F\nspw' Fp ]dXpw
AhnSpp Xs. AhnSps J_vdv ki\mw
Xo bm{X sNpXv idC AwKoIcnsXm
sWv ]dbpXv AhnSps J_v Dh eamp
XnnSbmpw. \_n (k) `bspsImncp Xo{h
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
131
hmZnepw AanX {]iwkbnepsamw A[nIamfpw
IpSpnbnpXns apJy ImcWw \_n (k)bpsS J_v
ki\mw Xo bm{X sNpXv idAv AwKoIcn
pp F hnizmkw am{XamWv.
\_n (k) bpsS J_v ki\mw Xo bm{X
sNpXv idC AwKoIcnsXmsWv hmZnp
h Xv sXfnhnmbn Dcnmdp lZokpIsf
mw Hpn Zpeamb k\ZpIfphbmWv. As
n hymP\nnXfmWv. ZmdpJpXzv\n, ss_lJn,
lm^nkv C_v\p lP XpSnb lm^nkpIfmb
lZokv ]nXm Fmw {]kvXpX lZokpIfpsS
Zueyspdnv DWnbnpv.
Acw Zpeamb lZokpI sImv aqp
]nIfntemsX bm{X sNpXv \ntcm[np
Ghpw kzlolmb lZokpIsf FXnpXv Hcn
epw A\phZnp IqSmXmWv.
Cu hnjbIambn DcnsSmdp Nne I lZo
kpI hmb\mcpsS Adnhnmbn Xmsg tNpp.
Acw lZokpIfn hnspt]mImXncnm
{]tXyIw kqnWw.
Hv: ) (







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
132
'lv sNm hnv Fs kinm Bscn
epw hcmXncpm Ah FtmSv ]nWnbncnpp.'
cv: ) (
'Fs acW tijw Fs kinph Fs
PohnXImev Fs kinhs\tmsebmWv'.
aqv: )
(
'Fsbpw, Fs ]nXmhv C{_mloans\bpw Htc
sImw kinphv Amlp kzw \Ipsap
Rmt\mw'.
\mev: ) (
'Fs J_v kinhv Fs ip]mi DdXp
Xs'.
Cu lZokpItfm AXpt]mep ap lZokpItfm
Hpw Xs \_n (k) ]dXmbn ncsnn.
lm^nkv C_v\p lP (d) Xs 'XJzokv' F
{Kn {]kvXpX cnhmbpIf[nIhpw Dcn
tijw ]dbpIbmWv: 'Cu lZokpIfpsS Fm k\Zp
Ifpw ZpefmWv'.
Cu hnjbn kzlolmb Hscm lZokp t]mepan
smWv lm^nkv DssJen ]dbpXv. 'Cu lZokpIsf
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
133
mw hymP\nnXfmsWp' ssiJp Ckvemw C_v\p
ssXan (d) JnXambn {]kvXmhnnpv. Adnhnepw,
Hm inbnepw, AKm[amb ]mnXynepw Atlw
[mcmfw aXnbmbh\mWv.
CqntesXnepsamv ncsncpsn
AXv {]mhnIamm \_n (k)bpsS kzlm_mbn
cpp ap]nbnepmbncpXv. AXv hnhcnp sImSp
m\pw Ahsc AXntev Wnphm\pw Ah apn
epmIpambncpp. FpsImsm {]hmNIam
p tijw a\pjycn Ghpw DIrjvScpw, Amlphn
s AXnnIsfpdnpw Xs ASnaIv Amlp
idBn \nbnnp Imcysfpdnpw Ghpw
A[nIw hnhcaphcpw Amlphnt\mSpw Ahs
krjvSnItfmSpw Gw Iqdphcpw Ahcs{X. Acn
ep Hpw Ahcmcn \npw Dcnsp ImWpn
sn AsXmpw icoAn s] ImcyasmWv
a\nemtXv. Aqn s] GsXnepw lZokv
kzlolmbn sXfnm Xs idC AwKoIcns
knbmdns\pdnmWsXp a\nemtXmWv .
AYhm J_v ki\w am{Xw Dtinp XomS\
snb, adnv J_vdn Fnsmep, knbmd
ns\nbmWv AXp kqNnnpsXv a\nem







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
134
Ww. hnhn[ lZokpI Xnep kwtbmP\w C{]Imc
amWv.

Jp_mbnse ]n

aZo\ kinph Jp_mbnse ]nbpw kin
pXv kpmWv. AhnsS shv cv dIvAv
kpv \akvcnpIbpw thWw. \_n (k) \Spw
hml\pdpw t]mbn Jp_mbnse ]n kinp
Ibpw AhnsS shv cv dIvAv \akvIcnpIbpw
]Xnhmbncpp Fv C_v\p Da (d) ]dXmbn
_pJmcnbpw apkvenapw tcJsSpnbnpv. asmcp
lZokv C{]ImcamWv.
) ( : :
)
( ) (
Amlphns dkq ]dp: 'Hcm hon shp
hpZp FSpv Jp_mbnse ]nbn t]mbn \akvIcn
m Abmv Hcp DwdbpsS {]Xn^eapv.'
_JoCep J_vdpIfpw, iplZmfpsS J_vdpI
fpw, lwk (d)bpsS J_vdpw kinpXv kpmWv.
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
135
\_n (k) AhcpsS J_vdpI kinpIbpw Ah
v thn {]mnpIbpw sNmdpmbncpp.Hcn
\_n (k) C{]Imcw ]dbpIbpmbn:
) ( ) (
'\n J_vdpI kinphn AXp ]ctemI
s Hmnnpw'.
J_v ki\ thfbn sNmm\mbn Xmsg ]dbp
hmIy \_n (k) AhnSps klm_namsc ]Tnnm
dpmbncpp.
)
( ) (
'kXyhnizmknIfpw apkvenwIfpamb J_vdmfnItf,
\nv imnbpmbncns. Amlp Dtinm
Rfpw \nsf A\pKanphcmIpp. Rpw
\npw Amlp taw \Is'. (apkvenw)
aZo\bnse ivaim\neqsS \Sp t]mIptm
Xncnp \nv \_n (k) ]dbmdpmbncpXv C_v\p
Amkn (d)hn \npw XnanZn Dcnpp.
) (
) (







lv, Dwd, knbmdv
136
'Atbm J_v hmknItf, \nv imnbpm
Is. Rpw \npw Amlp s]mdpp Xct
\n RfpsS apKmanIfmWv. R \nfpsS
]nmse Xsbpv'.
Cu lZokpIfn \nsmw a\nemIpXv idC
bmb J_v knbmdv ]ctemIs HmnpXnpw
acnp t]mbhtcmSv B{ZX ImWnpXnpw, AhcpsS
\p thn AmlpthmSv {]mnpXnpw Dtin
pXmsWmWv.
Fm AhcpsS J_vdpISpv shv (kzw
Imcynp thn) {]mnpXntm, AhbvSpv
`P\ancnpXntm, Bhiy \ndthncm\pw,
tcmKnIsf kpJsSpncm\pw AhtcmSv Anp
Xntm, Ahsc ap\nntbm AhcpsS Pmlv ap
\nntbm atm AmlpthmSv {]mnpXntm
Dtinp sImmWv knbmdv sNpsXn AXv
Zpjn _nZv AmWv, Amlpthm Ahs dkqtem AXv
idBon. ke^pzmenlpI Bcpw AXv sNbvXn
n. Fp Xsb AXv \_n (k) hntcm[nnp
No hmpIfn s]XmWv. \_n (k) Hcn C
s\ ]dp: ) ( '\n J_vdp
I kinpI, No hmv ]dbcptX'.
















lv, Dwd, knbmdv
137
Cd Imcysfms _nZv AmsWXn
tbmPnpp. ]t, Hmtcmnsbpw \ne]mSv hyXykvX
amWv. NneXv _nZvAmbncnpw, inmbncnn.
J_vdpISpp shv AmlpthmSv (kzw Imcyn
mbn) {]mnpI, acnhcpsS lJvJns\bpw Pmlns\
bpw ap\nn Amlphnt\mSt]npI apXembh
CXn s]Spp. ap NneXv hn inmbncnpw.
acnhtcmSv t\cnv {]mnpXpw, klmba`yn
pXpw apamWXn s]SpXv. CsXmw apv hnkvX
cnp {]Xn]mZnnpv. AXpsImv DWcpI, kqn
pI, kXyw Ip]nSnm\pw, {]mhnIamm\pap
Xu^oJnp Aht\mSv tXSpI. Ah\s{X Xu^oJpw
lnZmbpw \Iph. Ah am{XamWmcm[y,
Ah am{XamWv dv.
Cu Ipdnv ChnsS shv Ahkm\nnpIbmWv.
BZymhkm\w Amlphnp kvXpXn. Amlp Xs
Zmk\pw ZqX\pw krjvSnIfn Da\pamb aplZv \_n
(k)bnepw IpSpw_nepw Atlns A\pNcm
cnepw Dacmb AhcpsS ]nKmanIfnepw Ay Zn\
amIpw hsc A\p{Kl hjnpsImncns.








lv, Dwd, knbmdv
138





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