GIO TRNH TIN HC RT GN DNH CHO THIU NHI

Chng 1. TNG QUAN V H THNG MY TNH

1.1. Thng Tin V X L Thng Tin
1.1.1. Khi nim v thng tin
D liu (data) l cc d kin khng c ngha r rng. Khi d liu c x l xc nh
ngha thc s ca chng, khi chng c gi l thng tin (information). i vi con
ngi, d liu c mc thp nht ca kin thc v thng tin l mc th hai. Thng tin
mang li cho con ngi s hiu bit v th gii xung quanh. Qu trnh x l thng tin cn
bn nh sau: D liu c nhp u vo (Input), sau my tnh (hay con ngi) sthc
hin x l nhn c thng tin u ra (Output). Lu l d liu c th lu tr bt c giai
on no.
V d: Ngi ta tin hnh ghi nhn c d liu t camera cc hnh nh ng ph, sau
tin hnh phn tch d liu c thng tin v mt s xe no . Ton b qu trnh lu tr trn
a cng my tnh. Trong thi i hin nay, khi lng thng tin n vi chng ta cng lc
cng nhiu th con ngi c th dng mt cng c h tr cho vic lu tr, chn lc v x l
li thng tin gi l my tnh in t (Computer). My tnh in t gip con ngi tit kim
rt nhiu thi gian, cng sc v tng chnh xc, gip t ng ha mt phn hay ton phn
ca qu trnh x l d liu. Cng mt thng tin c th c biu din bng nhng d liu
khc nhau, v d nh s 1 hay I. Tuy nhin i vi my tnh, biu din ny phi l duy nht
c th sao chp m khng mt thng tin. My tnh biu din d liu bng h m nh phn.
Tuy ch dng 2 k s l 0 v 1 (gi l bit) nhng h nh phn ny gip my tnh biu din -
x l c trn hu ht cc loi thng tin m con ngi hin ang s dng nh vn bn, hnh
nh, m thanh, video,...
1.1.2. n v thng tin
i vi my tnh, n v nh nht dng biu dinthng tin gi l bit (Binary digit). Bit
l mt ch s trong h thng s nh phn, n c th c gi tr 0 hoc 1. Trong b nh my
tnh, mt bit l mt cng tc in nh c th bt (gi tr 1) hoc tt (gi tr 0). H nh phn s
dng hai k s 0 v 1 biu din cc s. Khi biu din d liu, bit khng biu din c lp
m c lp theo nhm 8 bit, gi l mt byte, vit tt l B. Do , mt Kilobyte ca RAM =
1024 byte hoc 8192 bit. Thc t, ngi ta t khi s dng n v m dng byte. Xem bng
bn di thy cc biu din khc.Chn hn, th nh my chp hnh l 32GB, a CDROM
l 650MB, a DVD l 4.3GB, a cng l 1TB.
Tn gi K hiu Gi tr
Byte B = 8bit
Kilobyte KB = 2
10
B = 1024 byte
Megabyte MB = 2
20
B = 1024 KB
Gigabyte GB = 2
30
B = 1024 MB
Tetrabyte TB = 2
40
B = 1024 GB

Lu 1: Khi cp n dung lng lu tr, ngi ta s dng mt Kilo tng ng
vi1024, s dng K vit hoa, v thng cp n byte (V d 1KB=1024Byte). Nhng khi
cp n tc truyn d liu, ngi ta s dng Kilo tng ng 1000, s dngk vit
thng, v cp n bit (v d: 1 kbit/s = 1000 bits per second).
Lu 2: Vo nm 1998, t chc IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) cng
b bng quy i n v thng tin theo quyt nh IEC 60027-2. Theo , n v mi gi l bi
dng cho h nh phn khi chuyn i. V dng 1kibi tng ng vi 1024, trong khi 1 Kilo
tng ng vi 1000. V d: kibibit=1024bit, v 1Kbit=1000bit; 1 kibibyte = 1024 byte v 1
KB=1000Byte. Tuy vy, mt s cc nh sn xut cng nghip vn tnh ton v hin th theo
n v ban u.
1.2. C Bn V Cu Trc My Tnh
Hin ti my tnh c chia lm cc dng:
-Desktop: my bn, t di chuyn, to, gi r, cn ngun in li, tc cao, d nng cp,
sa cha.
-Laptop (di chuyn, s dng pin, tc chm hn desktop, kh nng cp v sa cha).
-Netbook: ging laptop nhng c cu hnh thp, r, thi gian s dng pin di, thng rt
nh v nh, ch s dng cc vic n gin nh son vn bn v duyt Web.
-TablePC: thng khng c bn phm, s dng mn hnh cm ng, tc chm, pin lu,
thch hp cho vic ghi ch v duyt web.
Cc dng my tnh ny ph hp cho mi loi cng vic ty theo mi ngi, v khng th
thay th ln nhau.
Da trn tiu ch s dng, my tnh c chia thnh ba loi chnh: my tnh vn phng,
ha v gii tr. Mi h thng c trang b nhng phn cng c bn l bo mch ch
(mainboard), thit b x l, b nh (RAM), cng (hard disk), v my km b ngun (case),
bn phm (keyboard), chut (mouse) v mn hnh (monitor), v ci t phn mm ty theo
cng vic. Ngoi ra, tu theo yu cu cng vic m mi ngi c th mua thm modem, my
in (printer), my qut (scanner) v cc loi a...
Mi loi my tnh c th c hnh dng hoc cu trckhc nhau, ty theo mc ch s dng.
Mt cch tng qut, my tnh in t l mt h x l thng tin t ng gm 2 phn chnh:
phn cng v phn mm.
1.2.1. Phn cng (Hardware)
Phn cng c th c hiu n gin l tt c cc phn trong my tnh m chng ta c th
thy hoc s c. Phncng bao gm 3 phn chnh:
n v x l trung ng (CPU - Central Processing Unit).
B nh (Memory).
Thit b nhp xut (Input/Output).


B x l trung ng (CPU)
B x l trung ng ch huy cc hot ng ca my tnh theo lnh v thc hin cc php
tnh. CPU c 3 b phn chnh: khi iu khin, khi tnh ton s hc v logic, v mt s
thanh ghi. Khi iu khin (Control Unit) l trung tm iu hnh my tnh c nhim v gii
m cc lnh, to ra cc tn hiu iu khin cng vic ca cc b phn khc ca my tnh theo
yu cu ca ngi s dng hoc theo chng trnh ci t. Khi tnh ton s hc v logic
(Arithmetic-Logic Unit) thc hin cc php tnh s hc (cng, tr, nhn, chia,...), cc php
tnh logic (AND, OR, NOT, XOR) v cc php tnh quan h (so snh ln hn, nh hn, bng
nhau,...). Cc thanh ghi (Registers) ng vai tr b nh trung gian, gip tng tc trao i
thng tin trong my tnh.
Ngoi ra, CPU cn c gn vi mt ng h (clock) hay cn gi l b to xung nhp.
Tn s ng h cng cao th tc x l thng tin cng nhanh. Thng th ng h c gn
tng xng vi cu hnh my v c cc tn s dao ng (cho cc my Pentium 4 tr ln) l
2.0 GHz, 2.2 GHz,... hoc cao hn.
B vi x l thng dng hin nay c cc dng Core I7(X l a nhim bn-hoc tm-
lung), Core I5 (X l a nhim bn-hoc tmlung), Core I3 (X l a nhim bn-lung).
B nh
B nh l thit b lu tr thng tin, c chia lm hai loi: b nh trong v b nh ngoi.
B nh trong gm ROM v RAM. ROM (Read Only Memory) l b nh ch c, dng
lu tr cc chng trnh h thng, chng trnh iu khin vic nhp xut c s (ROM-
BIOS: ROM-Basic Input/Output System). D liu trn ROM khng th thay i, khng b
mt ngay c khi khng c in. RAM (Random Access Memory) l b nh truy xut ngu
nhin, c dng lu tr d kin v chng trnh trong qu trnh thao tc v tnh ton. D
liu lu trong RAM s mt i khi mt in hoc tt my. Dung lng b nh RAM cho cc
my tnh hin nay thng thng vo khong 2GB MB, 4GB, 8GB .
B nh ngoi bao gm cc thit b lu tr thng tin vi dung lng ln, thng tin khng b
mt khi khng c in, c th ct gi v di chuyn c lp vi my tnh. C nhiu loi b
nh ngoi ph bin nh: a cng (hard disk) vi dung lng hin nay khong 250 GB, 500
GB, 1TB, 2 TB... Lu l a cng l loi b nh ngoi mc d chng lun c gn bn
trong my tnh. a quang (CD-dung lng ph bin khong 650 MB, DVD-khong 4.7
GB) thng lu tr m thanh, video c s dng trong cc phng tin a truyn thng
(multimedia). Cc loi b nh ngoi khc nh th nh (Memory Stick, Compact Flash Card),
USB Flash Drive c dung lng ph bin l 4G, 8GB, 16 GB...

Hnh 2.Mt vi linh kin
Cc thit b ngoi vi
Thit b ngoi vi l cc thit b gip my tnh ktni, trao i d liu vi th gii bn
ngoi. Thit b ngoi vi cchia lm hai nhm l thit b nhp v thit b xut ty theo d
liu i vo hay i ra my tnh.
Cc thit b nhp gm:
-Bn phm (keyboard) l thit b nhp chun, loi ph bin cha 104 phm chia lm 3
nhm phm chnh: nhm phm nh my gm cc phm ch, phm s v phm cc k t c
bit (~, !, @, #, $, %, ^,&, ?,...); nhm phm chc nng gm cc phm t F1 n F12 v cc
phm nh (phm di chuyn), phm PgUp (ln trang mn hnh), PgDn (xung trang
mn hnh), Insert (chn), Delete (xa), Home (v u), End (v cui); nhm phm s
(numeric keypad).
-Thit b xc nh im (Pointing Device) nh chut(Mouse) chn mt v tr trn mn
hnh, mn hnh cm ng (Touch Screen) -Thit b c: c nhiu loi nh u c quang hc
(Opticalmark reader) dng nh sng phn x nhn thng tin c nh du, thit b c
m vch (Barcode reader) dng nh sng c m vch, my qut (Scanner), my nh s
(Digital camera), my quay phim s (Digital video camera) My qut, my nh, my quay
l cc thit b s ha th gii thc. Cc thit b xut bao gm:
-Mn hnh (Monitor): thit b xut chun. Mn hnh ph hin ti l mn hnh LCD vi
phn gii c th t 1280 X 1024 pixel. Tng t vi mn hnh cn c my chiu (Projector).
-My in (Printer): in thng tin ra giy. My in phbin hin ti my in phun, my in laser
trng en.
1.2.2. Phn mm (Software)
Phn mm l cc chng trnh iu khin hot ng ca my tnh nhm thc hin yu cu
x l cng vic ca ngi sdng. Phn mm c chia lm 2 loi: H iu hnh v phn
mm ngdng. H iu hnh (Operating System Software) cha tp cc cu lnh ch dn
phn cng my tnh v cc phn mm ng dng lm vic vi nhau.
Khng c h iu hnh th my tnh khng th hot ng c. Chc nng chnh ca h
iu hnh l thc hin cc lnh theo yu cu ca ngi s dng; qun l ti nguyn my tnh:
b nh,cc thit b ngoi vi. Mt s h iu hnh ph bin l MS Windows (Windows 7,
Vista, XP), Linux (Unbutu, Fedora), Mac, Unix Phn mm ng dng (Application
Software) rt phong ph v a dng tytheo yu cu x l cng vic cho ngi s dng: son
tho vn bn, tnh ton, phn tch s liu, ha, games. Phn mm c cc hng sn xut
nng cp lin tc, tuy nhin cc tnh nng chnh ca phn mm thng c gi li nhm to
s thn thin cho ngi s dng. Mt s phn mm ng dng c s dng rt ph bin hin
nay nh: MS Word (ch bn in t), MS Excel (bng tnh), MS Access (c s d liu),
Corel Draw, AutoCad, Photoshop ( ha), Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, FireFox (trnh
duyt web)
Chng 2. MICROSOFT WINDOWS
Hin nay c nhiu h iu hnh khc nhau nh Microsoft Windows (MS Windows),
Linux, Mac... trong ph bin hn c l MS Windows do hng Microft sn xut.
Vi giao din ha Aero, Windows 7 to s mt m v p mt nht trong cc dng
Windows, vi cc ca s 3D v trong sut to s thch th cho ngi dng. Windows 7 c
chia lm 2 dng 32 bit v 64 bit, c nhiu phin bn khc nhau: Starter, Home Preminum,
Professional, Ultimate.

a. Mn hnh Desktop l ton b nn mn hnh.
b. Cc Icon chun ca Windows(My computer, User, Network, Control Panel, Recycle
Bin). c.Cc Icon Shortcutca cc chng trnh ng dng ca Windows (MS
WORD,)
c. Thanh Taskbar ni hin thcc tn cc chng trnh c m.
d. Mt s ng dngca ngi sdng.
e. Nt lnh Start.
2.1. Tp Tin, Th Mc, a V ng Dn
2.1.1. Tp tin (File)
Tp tin l tp hp d liu c t chc theo mt
cu trc no . Ni dung ca tp tin c th l
chng trnh, d liu, vn bn,... Mi tp tin c
lu ln a vi mt tn (file name) thng c 2
phn: phn tn (name) v phn phn loi
(extension) cch nhau bi du chm, v d nh:
emhoctinhoc.docx
Phn tn l phn bt buc, cn phn phn loi th
c th c hoc khng. Phn tn do ngi to tp
tin t bao gm cc k t ch t A n Z, cc ch
s t 0 n 9, cc k t khc nh #, $, %, ~, ^, @,
(, ), !, _, khong trng.
Phn phn loi (cn gi l ui file) mc nh do
chng trnh ng dng to ra, l 3 hoc 4 k t
trong cc k t nu trn. Da vo ui file xc
nh tp tin lu tr d liu loi no, vi mt s
loi ph bin cn bit nh sau: com, exe (cc file
c kh nng thc thi mt ng dng no trn h
iu hnh); txt (file vn bn n gin); doc (file
Microsoft Word); xls (file MS Excel); bmp, gif,
jpg (file nh); mp3, dat, wma, wmv, mov,mp4 (file
m thanh, video).
K hiu i din (Wildcard): ch mt nhm
cc tp tin c tnh tng ng no , ta c th s
dng hai k hiu i din. Du ? dng i din
cho mt k t bt k trong tn tp tin ti v tr n
xut hin. Du * i din cho mt chui k t bt
k trong tn tp tin t v tr n xut hin.
2.1.2. a - th mc
a (Drive): a l ni lu tr thng tin ph thuc vo thit b lu tr v c qun l
bi MS Windows (khng phi l thit b lu tr vn c lp vi h iu hnh). Nh ta
bit, my tnh dng thit b l a cng (hay CD, a USB) lu d liu. Tuy nhin, mt a
cng c th chia lm nhiu a logic ( v d nh my tnh c mt HDD dung lng 500 GB
c th chia lm 3 a: a C (100 GB) cha h iu hnh, a D (200 GB) cha ti liu, a
E (200 GB) cha bn sao d liu quan trng). Mi a logic u c MS Windows gncho
mt tn. a A hay B thng dung cho a mm m hin nay khng cn thong dng.
a C, D, E thng l cc a cng, CDROM hay a USB. Th mc (Folder/
Directory) l ni lu gi cc tp tin theo mt ch no theo ngi s dng gip d
dng qun l tp tin. Trn mi a c mt th mc chung gi l th mc gc. Th mc gc
khng c tn ring v c k hiu l \ (backslash). Di mi th mc gc c cc tp tin
trc thuc v cc th mc con. Trong cc th mc con cng c cc tp tin trc thuc v th
mc con ca n. Th mc cha th mc con gi l th mc cha. Th mc ang lm vic gi
l th mc hin hnh. Tn ca th mc tun th theo cch t tn ca tp tin.
ng dn (Path) dng ch ng i n th mc (hay file) cn truy xut. Khi s dng
th mc nhiu cp (cy th mc) th ta cn ch r th mc cn truy xut. ng dn l mt
dy cc th mc lin tip nhau, bt u bi tn a, c phn cch bi du \.
V d: D:\tiengviet\lop3\bai1.docx.
2.2. Khi ng MS Windows
2.2.1. Khi ng v thot khi Windows 7
Windows 7 c t ng khi ng sau khi bt my. S c thng bo yu cu nhp vo ti
khon (User name) v mt khu (PassWord) ca ngi dng. Thao tc ny gi l ng nhp
(Logging on). ng Windows 7: Khi mun thot khi Windows 7, chn nt Start-> Shut
down tt my. Lu : trc khi Shut down, chng ta nn ng tt c cc ca s ang m
m bo sao lu cc cng vic ang lm.
Bn cnh nt Shut down c mt nt mi tn cha cc ty chn khc nh sau:
Switch user:Chuyn i qua li gia cc ti khon khc nhau.
Log off: thot cc chng trnh v kha ti khon hin ti ang s dng.
Lock: Kha my tnh bng cch a my tnh v mn hnh ng nhp (nn thc hin chc
nng khi ri khi my tnh).
Restart: Khi ng li my tnh.
Sleep: Lu li cc phin lm vic, a my tnh v ch tit kim nng lng v cho
php h thng hot ng li mt cch nhanh chng.
2.2.2. Mn hnh Windows 7
Sau khi khi ng, mn hnh Windows 7 cha nhng thnh phn c
bn nh sau:
Mn hnh nn (Desktop) cha cc biu tng: My Computer: Biu tng ny cho
php duyt nhanh ti nguyn trn my tnh, Recycle Bin: ni lu tr tm thi cc tp tin
v cc i tng b xo. (Right click nt phi chut vo Recycle Bin ri chn Empty
Recycle Bin hoc Restore xa hon ton hoc phc hi cc i tng). Ngoi ra, trn
Desktop cn c cc Biu tng chng trnh khc l cc Shortcut: gip bn truy nhp
nhanh mt i tng no bng cch Double click vo biu tng . Thanh
Taskbar: cha Start Menu, cc biu tng chng trnh v bn thu nh cc chng
trnh ang thc thi, cngvi khay h thng hin th ngy gi, thit lp m thanh
Menu Start: Hu ht tt c chc nng ca Windows c b tr trong cc menu xut
hin t mc Start.
2.2.3. S dng chng trnh trong Windows
Khi ng mt chng trnh
C nhiu cch khi ng mt chng trnh t Windows: chn Start Menu All
Programs [Group chng trnh] Tn chng trnh ng dng. Hoc t Start Menu nhp tn
chng trnh trong mc Search programs and files click chn chng trnh t danh sch tm
thy. Hoc double click vo Shortcut (nuc) khi ng cc chng trnh.
thot khi chng trnh ng dng: Nhn t hp phm Alt + F4, hoc click vo nt
Close, hoc Chn Tab FileExit.
T ng chy ng dng khi khi ng Windows
Mt s cn c t khi ng ngay khi bt u phin lm vic vi Windows. thc hin
iu ny ta to Shortcut ca chng trnh trong mc Start up: Click Start Menu All
Programs, Right click tn Startup, chn Open m ca s Startup.
Ca s chng trnh
Ngi s dng giao tip vi cc chng trnh thng qua cc ca s, mt ca s chng
trnh gm cc thnh phn sau:
1. Title bar: hin th tn chng trnh
2. Toolbar: Cha cc lnh thng s dng di dng cccng c.
3. Statusbar: Thanh trng thi, hin th thng tin trong ca s.
4. Scrollbar: Thanh cun, dng xem phn ni dung bche khut.
5. Cc nt Minimize, Maximize, Close: Phng to, thu nh, ng ca s chng trnh.
Cc thao tc trn mt ca s
Di chuyn ca s: ko thanh Title ca s n v tr mi.
Thay i kch thc ca ca s: Di chuyn con tr chut n cnh hoc gc ca s, khi
con tr chut bin thnh hnh mi tn hai chiu th drag cho n khi t c kch
thc mong mun.
Phng to ca s ra ton mn hnh: click nt Maximize.
Phc hi kch thc trc ca ca s: click nt Restore.
Thu nh ca s thnh biu tng trn Taskbar: Click ln nt Minimize.
Chuyn i gia cc ca s ca cc ng dng ang m: chuyn i gia cc ng
dng nhn t hp phm Alt +Tab hoc chn ng dng tng ng trn thanh Taskbar.
Sao chp d liu gia cc ng dng
Trong Windows vic sao chp d liu trong mt ng dng hoc gia cc ng dng c
thc hin thng qua b nh m (Clipboard). Ti mt thi im, b nh m ch cha mt
thng tin mi nht. Khi mt thng tin khc c a vo b nh m th thng tin trc
s b xo. Khi thot khi Windows th ni dung trong b nh m cng b xo.
Cc bc sao chp d liu:
Chn i tng cn sao chp.
Chn Edit Copy.
Chn v tr cn chp ti.
Chn EditPaste chp d liu t Clipboard vo v tr cn chp.
Tm kim d liu
Chc nng tm kim trong Windows 7 gip tm hu nh tt c nhng g c trn PC ca
bn mt cch nhanh chng v d dng. C nhiu cch tm kim, ngi dng c th s
dng Search box Start Button, Search box trong th mc hay th vin
Tm kim bng Search box Start Menu
Click chut vo Start button Search v nhp t hay b phn ca t cn tm vo Search
box. Kt qu s c xut trc tip ln Start Menu.
Tm kim bng Search box th mc
M a, th mc hay th vin ni m bn mun tm kim, nhp vo Search box t hay
b phn ca t cn tm. (c th b sung iu kin tm bng cch chn Date modified hay
Size).
2.3. Qun L V Cu Hnh Ca Windows
Control Panel l ni qun l cu hnh ca h thng my tnh, m t menu StartControl
Panel. Thng th mn hnh Control Panel hiu th di dng Category ( mc View by).
Ngi dng c th chn dng Large icons/Small icons. Trong mc ny ngm hiu lchng ta
ang m sn ca s Control Panel. Hc vin t tm cc chc nng m t sau bng cch s
dng chc nng tm kim.
2.3.1. Qun l Font ch
Dng chc nng Fonts ci t thm hoc loi b cc font khng s dng. Chn cc font
cn xa, bm phm Delete xa font. thm font ch mi: Copy font cn thm vo v
Paste trong folder Fonts.
2.3.2. Thay i thuc tnh ca mn hnh
M mn hnh Personalization (hoc R_Click trn Desktop, chn Personalization). T mn
hnh ny chng ta c th thay i:
Desktop Background: nh nn cho Desktop bng cch Click chn nh c sn hoc
kch nt Browse chn tp tin nh khc.
Screen Saver: Thit lp ch bo v mn hnh, ng thi c th ci Password
bo v phin lm vic hin hnh.
Windows Color: Thay i mu sc, Font ch v c ch ca cc Tab, Shortcut, Title
bar,
Sounds: cho php thit lp m thanh pht ra khi Windows thc thi ng/m ca s,
tt/khi ng h thng.
Theme: mt tp hp nhng yu t to nn giao din cho my tnh gm cc hiu ng
ha, m thanh, mu sc, con chut, hnh nn.. Tc l thay v thay i tng mc
Desktop Background, Windows Color. Sounds, chng ta c th chn theme c sn
c thit lp theo cc ch .
2.3.3. Thay i phn gii, ch mu
phn gii cng ln th mn hnh cng hin th nhiu thng tin nhng cc i tng
trn mn hnh s thu nh li.
Ch mu cng cao th hnh nh cng p v r nt.
thay i phn gii: m mc Adjust screen resolution.
Chn mc Resolution thay i phn gii mn hnh, sau bm nt Apply. Lu :
nu bn chn phn gii khng ph hp, mn hnh s khng hin th g. Khi ng bm
phm no v ch cn ch mt giy lt, mn hnh s quay v ch ban u.
thay i ch mu: t mn hnh Adjust screen resolution, chn Advance
settingsMonitorColors thay i ch mu
2.3.4. Loi b chng trnh
loi b cc chng trnh khng cn s dng, ta thc hin:
M mc Programs and Features, chn chng trnh cnloi b v click nt Uninstall.
2.3.5. Cu hnh ngy, gi h thng
Bn c th thay i ngy gi ca h thng bng cch D_Click ln biu tng ng h trn
thanh Taskbar hoc chn mc Date and Time t Control Panel. T mn hnh Date and Time
cho php chng ta: Change date & time: Thay i ngy, thng, nm, gi, pht, giy; Change
time zone: Thay i mi gi, cho php chnh li cc gi tr mi gi theo khu vc hoc theo
tn cc thnh ph ln.
2.3.6. Thay i thuc tnh ca chut
Thay i thuc tnh ca bn phm: T mc Mouse cho php thay i tc di chuyn ca
con tr chut mc Motion trong th Pointer Options, thay i tc nhn phm double
click mc Double-click trong th Buttons.
2.3.7. Thay i thuc tnh vng min (Regional Settings)
thay i cc thuc tnh nh nh dng tin t, hin th ngy gi, n v o lng,.. theo
khu vc chng ta s dng, chn mc Region and Language. Th Formats: Cho php nh
dng hin th cc thng s ngy thng, tin t, s theo vng min (quc gia), . Ngi dng
c th chn nt Additional settings ty thay i thit lpv:
Number: Thay i nh dng s, vi cc mc c bn: Decimal symbol (k hiu phn cch
hng thp phn); No. of digits after decimal (s cc s l phn thp phn); Digit grouping
symbol (k hiu phn nhm hng ngn); Digit grouping (s k s trong mt nhm (mc nh
l 3); Measurement system: (h thng o lng nh cm, inch) .
Currency: Thay i nh dng tin t ($,VND,...).
Time: Thay i nh dng thi gian theo ch 12 gi hay 24 gi.
Date: Thay i nh dng hin th ngy thng.
Th Location: Thay i thuc tnh vng, vic chn mt vng no s ko theo s thay i
thuc tnh ca Windows.
Th Keyboards and Languages:Cho php thit lp mi quan h gia bn phm v ngn ng
c nhp vo.
Th Administrative: Thc thi nh dng hin hnh cho cc ti khon khc hoc ti khon mi.
2.3.8. Thit lp hin th tp tin, th mc n
Chn mc Folder Options, chn th View. T mc Hiden files and folders, chn mc
Dont show hidden files, folders, or drives nu mun khng hin th tp tin, th mc hay
a n, chn mc Show hidden files, folders, and drives nu mun hin th tp tin, th mc
hay a n.
2.3.9. Gadgets
Gadgets l nhng tin ch m Windows 7 cung cp cho ngi dng hin th nhanh mt
s thng tin cn thit ra mn hnh Desktop nh ng h, lch, thi tit hay thng s ti
nguyn c s dng
Chn mc Desktop Gadgets, ko cc gadget cn hin th ra Desktop. b gadget trn
desktop, ch cn bm nt X bn cnh.
2.3.11. Thay i Taskbar v Start Menu
Chn mc Taskbar and Start Menu t control panel thay i cc thit lp. thay i
thit lp v taskbar, chn th Taskbar vi cc ty chnh nh sau: Lock the taskbar (kha
thanh Taskbar); Auto hide(t ng n thanh Taskbar khi khng s dng, khi di chuyn chut
vo mi hin ra); Use small icons (s dng icon trn Taskbar vi kch thc nh); Taskbar
location on screen (v tr ca Taskbar),Taskbar buttons(gom nhm cc th hin ca mt
chng trnh); Notification area(Cho n/hin cc chng trnh chy nn).
Th Start Menu gip thay i Start Menu nh thm Run box, Devices and Printersbng
cch chn Button Customize. Ch mc Power Button Action dng ty chnh ch my
tnh l Shutdown, Sleep khi ngi dng bm nt Power trn thng my tnh. Do , khi s
dng mt my tnh l, v khng bit cu hnh cho nt Power mc ny nn chng ta nn
chng ta trnh s dng nt Power ba bi.
2.3.12. Backup v Restore
u im khi s dng chc nng ny so vi vic chng ta t chp bng tay, l h thng t
ng backup nh k theo lch do chng ta thit lp.
Chn mc Backup and Restore t Control Panel. Nu ln u tin s dng Windows
Backup, click chn Set up backup, v theo cc hng dn chn folder cn backup v v tr
lu file backup. Nu to backup ri, chng ta ch vic ch vic backup t ng thc
hin hay t backup bng cch click nt Back up now. Chng ta khng nn back up file/folder
ln cng mt a, v nn chnmc Full Backup.
thc hin Restore: t mc Backup and Restore, chn file backup, click Restore my
files.
2.3.13. i mt khu ng nhp
Thay i password ng nhp l vic nn lm thng xuyn nh k gip bo v tt hn
my tnh ca bn. T ControlPanel, chn mc User Accounts. Click vo mc Change your
password. Nhp password mi v chn OK.
2.4. Windows Explorer
2.4.1. Giao din chnh.
Windows Explorer ( nm trong nhm Accessories trong Start Menu) gip qun l ti
nguyn my tnh nh tp tin,th mc, a. v nhng ti nguyn trong h thng mng. Vi
Windows Explorer, cc thao tc nh sao chp, xa, i tn th mc v tp tin,... c thc
hin mt cch thun tin v d dng.
khi ng Explorer, c th double click trn My Computer, hoc tm t mc Search,
hoc R_Click ln nt Start, chn Open Windows Explorer.
Ca s lm vic ca Windows Explorer gm cc phn:
Ca s tri (Folder): Trnh by cu trc th mc ca cc a cng v cc ti nguyn
km theo my tnh, bao gm a mm, a cng, a CD... Nhng i tng c
du mi tn ngang pha trc cho bit i tng cn cha nhng i tng
khctrong n nhng khng c hin th, c th m rng khi click vo.
Ca s gia: Lit k ni dung ca i tng c chn tng ng bn ca s tri.
Ca s phi (Preview pane): Hin th nhanh ni dung tp tin c chn. C th tt
hin th ca s ny.
Thanh a ch (Address): Cho php nhp ng dn th mc/tp tin cn ti hoc
xc nh ng dn hinhnh.
C th thay i cch cch hin th ca Explorer bng cch chn mc Chang your view vi
cc ty chn: Extra Large Icons /Large Icons /Medium Icons /Small icons /List /Details/ Tiles
/Content.
i vi ty chn Details, ta c th xem chi tit Name, Size, Type, Date Modified ca
file/folder. C th thay i th t sp xp bng cch chn mc View/ Sort By (Sp xp theo)
vi cc ty chn: Name, Date modified, Type, Size, theo kiu Ascending/Descending (Tng
dn/ Gim dn).
2.4.2. Thao tc vi file v folder
+To folder mi: Chn v tr cha folder cn to, Chn Menu FileNewFolder (hoc
R_ClickNewFolder ). Nhp tn th mc mi, nhn Enter.
+Sao chp th mc/tp tin: Chn cc th mc v tp tin cn sao chp, sau thc hin
copy vo clipboard (bm Ctrl+ C hoc R_Click v chn Copy), sau paste vo ni cn chp
(bm Ctrl + V hoc R_Click v chn Paste). C th dng cch gi phm Ctrl v ko r folder
vo ni cn chp.
+Di chuyn th mc v tp tin: Chn cc th mc v tp tin cn di chuyn, sau ct i
tng vo clipboard (bm Ctrl + X hoc R_Click v chn Cut), sau paste vo ni chuyn
n. Lu : i vi ngi mi bt u nn hn ch vic dng chut ko th khi di chuyn
trong Expoler v nu dng chut khng chun, c thlm folder b th n mt folder no .
+Xa th mc v tp tin: Chn th mc v tp tin cn xa, bm phm Delete (hoc
R_Click v chn Delete). Lu : ty theo cu hnh thit lp m file/folder b xa c th c
lu trong Recycle Bin. Chng ta phi cn thn trc khi ng xa.
+ i tn th mc v tp tin: chn i tng mun i tn, R_Click trn i tng v
chn Rename (hoc bm phm F2), nhp tn mi, sau g Enter kt thc.
+Thay i thuc tnh th mc v tp tin: R_Click trn file/folder, chn Properties. Thc
hin thay i cc thuc tnh, sau bm Apply xc nhn thay i.
Lu : Vi tp tin ang s dng th cc thao tc dichuyn, xo, i tn khng th thc
hin c.
2.4.3. Thao tc vi Shortcut
Shortcut l mt biu tng dng khi ng nhanh mt chng trnh hoc mt tp
tin/folder trn my. Shortcut c th c t trong mt Folder hoc ngay trn mn hnh nn.
Shortcut ch lu ng dn (hoc tr ) n i tng, v th c th xo n m khng nh
hng n chng trnh ng dng.
+To Shortcut: R_Click ln v tr cn to Shortcut, chn NewShortcut. Trong mc Type
the location of the item, nhp ng dn ca tp tin cn to Shortcut (hoc bm Browse
tm tp tin). Click Next qua bc k tip nhp tn cho Shortcut cn to, click Finish
hon thnh.
Lu : C th to shortcut t file gc trong Explorer hoc (file sau khi tm thy s dng
chc nng Search) bng cch Copy, v Click phi chut vo ni mun to Shortcut, chn
Paste Shortcut).
+Thay i thuc tnh cho Shortcut: cng nh file/folder, shortcut cng c th thay i
thuc tnh. T ca s Properties ca Shortcut, chn th Shortcut. Chng ta c th thay i
Target (ng dn file gc ca shortcut); Change icon (thay i biu tng ca Shortcut);
Shortcut key (Gn phm nng cho Shortcut, v d:nhn phm A nu mun t phm nng cho
Shortcut l Ctrl + Alt + A hoc nhn t hp phm gn gn. Khi mun m i tng ta ch cn
nhn t hp phm va gn); Run(chn ch hin th khi m l bnh thng/ thu nh/ phng
to);
2.4.4. Thao tc vi a
+ nh dng a (Format): nh dng a l chuyn mt a thnh mt dng ph hp vi
nhng tiu chun ca h iu hnh. format a: R_Click vo tn ca a, chn mc
Format. T ca s Format, thip lp nhn cho a (Volumn label), chn mc Quick Format
nu mun nh dng nhanh khi chc chn a khng c li. Bm nt Start tin hnh nh
dng.
Ch : D liu trong a s b xo hon ton, khng th phc hi c.
+Hin th thng tin ca a: R_Click vo tn ca a cn hin th thng tin, chn mc
Properties. T ca s ny, cho php xem dung lng a (Capacity), s dng bao nhiu
(Used space), cn li bao nhiu (Free space) t th General.
Ch : Th Tools: cung cp cng c kim tra a (Errorchecking), v chng phn mnh
a (Defragment). Vic chng phn mnh a gip my tnh chy nhanh hn sau mt thi
gian s dng.
2.5. Mt S Tin ch
2.5.1. Bitlocker
Bitlocker l tnh nng mi ca Windows 7 (h tr y nht bn Ultimate) gip m
ha l bo v d liu cho mt a hay partition, t bit l a USB vi kh nng nh mt
l rt cao. Ngi dng phi c ng mt khu mi c th truy xut a c bo v, nn
trnh ti a vic l thng tin. T Control Panel, m mc Bitlocker Drive Encryption. Click
vo mc Turn On Bitlocker a cn bo v. Chn mc Use a password to unlock the drive
v nhp mt khu (2 ln). Bm Next tin hnh m ha. Ln sau, mi khi truy nhp a bo
v, chng ta phi nhp mt khu.
tt chc nng Bitlocker, chng ta cng vo Control Panelmc Bitlocker Drive
Encryption, v chn Turn off Bitlocker.
2.5.2. Snipping Tool
Snipping Tool dng chp mt phn hay ton b mn hnh di dnh hnh ch nht hay
dng bt k, sau cho php ghi ch, v, hightlight v gi email i ngay t tin ch ny. Sau
khi khi ng Snipping Tool, click chn New, sau click chn vo mi tn gn nt New v
ty chn hnh ct chp: Free-form Snip (chp vi hnh bao bt k t v); Rectangular Snip
(chp vi hnh bao ch nht), Window Snip (chp mt ca s); Full-screen Snip (chp ton
b mn hnh). Sau dng cc cng c trn toolbar v hay nghi ch cho hnh chp.
2.5.3. Wordpad
WordPad l chng trnh son tho vn bn n gin c th thay th Winword trong
trng hp my tnh khng c sn b Office. Cch s dng Wordpad tng ng vi cch s
dng MS Word.
2.5.4. Paint
Paint l chng trnh ha c bn gip v v x l cc hnh nh bitmap. Vi giao din
ribbon, Paint nng kh nhiu v chc nng c v (brushes). Paint h tr tt cho mn hnh a
im cm ng, nn l mt chn la tuyt vi khi s dng vi Table PC.
V ng (line): C nhiu chc nng cho php v line trong Paint, chng ta phi chn
cng c v v quytnh hnh dng ca nt v. Mt s cng c v l: Pencil tool, Brushes,
Line tool, Curve tool.
V hnh hnh hc (shape): C th v nhiu loi shape: ng cong, mi tn, tam gic, elip,
ch nht, trn, vung... Chng ta c th b sung text (nt lnh ch A) v format cho text, c
th chn (select tool) mt phn hnh nh copy, xa. C th xoay nh, resize kch thc
nh, s dng cng c ty im nh.
di.
2.5.5. Math Input
Cng c gip chng ta c th son tho cc cng thc ton hc sau chn vo MSWord.
2.6. S Dng Ting Vit Trong Windows
2.6.1. Ting Vit trong Windows
Cc phn mm g ting Vit thng dng trong Windows nh Unikey, Vietkey... trong
phn Unikey rt c achung v min ph v c nhiu u im. Khi nhp ting Vit, chng
ta cn bit font ch v kiu g. Mi font ch tng mt bng m, do khi son tho bng
loi font no, c c chnh xc nht, chng ta phic loi font tng ng vi bng m
. Mt bng m c nhiu font ch vi hnh dng khc nhau. Font ch thng dng nht hin
nay l font Unicode (nh Tahoma, Arial, Times New Roman...) c sn trong MS
Windows,tch hp tt c cc k t ca cc ngn ng. y l font ch chun ca nc ta cng
nh nhiu nc khc trn th gii. Do , khi s dng ting Vit trn my tnh bn nn chn
b font Unicode. Ngoi ra cn c mt s b font dnh ring cho ngi Vit c s dng
trc kia nh: Font VNI (nh font VNI-Times), TCVN3...
C rt nhiu kiu g ting Vit trong Windows do bn phm chun khng c sn cc k t
ting Vit. g c cc k t ting Vit nh , , .. th chng ta phi s dng cc thp
phm. Mi kiu g ting Vit u c nhng u im v nhc im nht nh, hai kiu g
thng dng nht l VNI v Telex. Kiu VNI thun li cho nhng ai vit ting Anh, cn
nhng ngi vit ting vit c th s dng song song c VNI v Telex.
VNI:K t sc huyn hi ng nng m (,) , theo th t l phm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
V d: nhp t K Thut: nhp Ky4 Thua65t
Telex : aa=,ee=,uw=,ow=,uow=, dd=,oo=, cn cc k t sc, huyn, ng,
nng, hi th theo th t bng cc phm s,f,x,j,r.
V d : nhp t K thut: nhp Kyx thuaatj
2.6.2. S dng UniKey
Thng th Unikey c t StartUp folder t thc thi, v hin th khay h thng
(tray) vi biu tng V nu cho php g ting Vit, v biu tng E nu tt ch g ting
Vit. Nu Unikey cha khi ng, c th thc thi Unikey t shortcut trn mn hnh hoc t
file Unikey.exe. bt/tt ch g ting Vit, ch cn click vo biu tng E hay V ny.
T mn hnh Unikey, chng ta chn bng m l Unicode, v kiu g phm l VNI.
3.2. Hng Dn nh My Cch b tr ngn tay trn bn phm:
Trn bn phm hai phm F v J c hai ci g nh cao l ni ngi nhp liu nh v
t cc ngn tay cho chnh xc. Hai ngn tr ca hai bn tay s c t ti hai phm ny v
cc ngn tay cn li s c phn b u cc phm cn li trn cng mt hng.
Cch nh cc phm ch:
Nhm phm 1
Phm Ngn tay
a Ngn t tay tri
s Ngn p t tay tri
Space Ngn ci tay tri hoc phi
d Ngn gia tay tri
Nhm phm 2
Phm Ngn tay
f Ngn tr tay tri
j Ngn tr tay phi
k Ngn gia tay phi
; Ngn t tay phi

Nhm phm 3
Phm Ngn tay
l Ngn p cht tay phi
g Ngn tr tay tri
h Ngn tr tay phi
Backspace Ngn t tay phi
q Ngn t tay tri
Nhm phm 4
Phm Ngn tay
z Ngn t tay tri
w Ngn p t tay tri
x Ngn p t tay tri
u Ngn tr tay phi

Nhm phm 5

Nhm phm 6
Phm Ngn tay
n Ngn tr tay phi
o Ngn p cht tay phi
p Ngn t tay phi
Nhm phm 7
Phm Ngn tay
t Ngn tr tay tri
e Ngn gia tay tri
r Ngn tr tay tri
y Ngn tr tay phi
Nhm phm 8
Phm Ngn tay
m Ngn tr tay phi
i Ngn gia tay phi
, Ngn gia tay phi
b Ngn tr tay tri
Phm Ngn tay
c Ngn gia tay tri
v Ngn tr tay tri
/ Ngn t tay phi
[ ] Ngn t tay phi
. Ngn p cht tay phi
Cch nh cc k t in hoa
nh nh bnh thng nhng kt hp vi phm Shift. Phm Shift dng ngn t ca tay cn
li nh (thng l nh v gi).
nh my l mt k nng do tp luyn thng xuyn m c. Do nh my thnh
cng cc bn phi tp luyn thng xuyn v phi lun lun m bo nh ng ngn tay.
Sau khi tp luyn thnh cng cc bn c th nhp liu m khng nhn bn phm, tc c th
t trn 60 ch/pht.