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Truyen Song Va Anten
Truyen Song Va Anten
Truyen Song Va Anten
BI GING
TRUYN SNG V ANTEN
Ging vin: Nguyn Vit Minh
in thoi/E-mail: (090) 406-2112/minhnv@ptit.edu.vn
B mn: V tuyn Khoa Vin thng 1
Hc k/Nm bin son: II/2010
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B MN: V TUYN KHOA VIN THNG 1
Trang 2
Tn hc phn:
60 tit
+
L thuyt: 50 tit; Thc hnh: 6 tit; Bi tp: 4 tit
Mc tiu hc phn:
Gii thiu cc khi nim, cc biu thc ca qu trnh truyn lan sng v
tuyn. Nghin cu s truyn lan ca sng cc ngn trong mi trng thc
Ni dung hc phn:
Ni dung hc phn:
Chng 6: Anten gc m
+
Nguyn l bc x mt, anten loa, anten gng parabol, anten khe , anten vi
di
[1] Nguyn Vit Minh, Truyn sng v Anten, Bi ging, Hc vin cng
ngh BCVT, 6/2010
[2] Phan Anh, Trng in t v truyn sng, NXB i hc Quc gia, 2002
[4] Robert E.Collin, Antennas and Radio wave propagation, McGraw Hill
[6] Frank Gross, Smart antenna for wireless communication, McGraw Hill
GII THIU MN HC
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B MN: V TUYN KHOA VIN THNG 1
Trang 6
nh gi hc phn
1.7 Cu hi v bi tp
NI DUNG
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Trang 9
Mi trng truyn dn
+
Khng gian (bu kh quyn)
Khi nim
c im
c c
c c
c c
c: H s in mi
: H s t thm
z: C ly truyn sng
t: Thi gian
(1.1)
x 1 2
y 1 2
E F
G
z z
t F t
v v
z z
H t G t
v v
=
=
| | | |
+ +
| |
\ . \ .
| | | |
+ +
| |
\ . \ .
F, G: Cc hm sng
v: Vn tc truyn lan ca sng (m/s)
v
z 1
t .
=
c
=
c c
(1.2)
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GING VIN: NGUYN VIT MINH
B MN: V TUYN KHOA VIN THNG 1
Trang 13
=
= t c =
t
= =
c
= = t O
c
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GING VIN: NGUYN VIT MINH
B MN: V TUYN KHOA VIN THNG 1
Trang 14
Mt sng
+
Sng in t lan ta trong khng gian, ti mi im sng in t c c
trng bi pha v cng
Phn cc sng
Phn loi
+
Phn cc ng thng: Mt phng phn cc c nh khi sng truyn lan
-
Phn cc ng: Vecto E vung gc vi mt phng nm ngang
-
Phn cc ngang: Vecto E song song vi mt phng nm ngang
+
Phn cc quay: Mt phng phn cc quay xung quanh trc ca phng
truyn lan
-
Phn vc trn: Khi vecto E quay, bin khng thay i (v ln ng trn)
-
Phn cc elip: Khi vecto E quay, bin thay i lin tc v ln ng elip
Quay phi: Quay thun chiu kim ng h
Quay tri: Quay ngc chiu kim ng h
1.2 Tnh cht c bn ca ST
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Trang 18
Phn cc sng
1.2 Tnh cht c bn ca ST
Hnh 1.4. Cc dng
phn cc sng
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Trang 19
Bu kh quyn
1.4 Phng thc truyn lan sng in t
Hnh 1.6. Phn tng
bu kh quyn
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GING VIN: NGUYN VIT MINH
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Trang 23
Sng t
Nguyn l
+
B mt tri t l mi trng dn khp kn ng sc in trng
+
Ngun bc x nm thng ng trn mt t, sng in t truyn lan dc theo
mt t n im thu
c im
+
Nng lng sng b hp th t i vi tn s thp, c bit vi mt t m,
mt bin ( dn ln)
+
Kh nng nhiu x mnh, cho php truyn lan qua cc vt chn
+
S dng cho bng sng di v trung vi phn cc ng
1.4 Phng thc truyn lan sng in t
Thu
Pht
A B
Hnh 1.7: Qu trnh truyn lan sng t (sng b mt)
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Trang 24
Nguyn l
+
Anten t cao trn mt t t nht vi bc sng
+
Sng in t n im thu theo 2 cch
-
Sng trc tip: i thng t im pht n im thu
-
Sng phn x: n im thu sau khi phn x trn mt t (tha mn L PX)
c im
+
Chu nh hng nhiu ca iu kin mi trng
+
Ph hp cho bng sng cc ngn, l phng thc truyn sng chnh trong
thng tin v tuyn
1.4 Phng thc truyn lan sng in t
Hnh 1.8: Truyn lan
sng khng gian
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GING VIN: NGUYN VIT MINH
B MN: V TUYN KHOA VIN THNG 1
Trang 25
Nguyn l
+
Li dng c tnh phn x sng ca tng in ly vi cc bng sng ngn
+
Sng in t phn x s quay tr v tri t
c im
+
Khng n nh do s thay i iu kin phn x ca tng in ly
1.4 Phng thc truyn lan sng in t
Hnh 1.9: Truyn lan
sng tng in ly
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Trang 26
Nguyn l
+
Mi trng truyn sng l tng (ng tnh, ng hng, khng hp th)
+
Sng truyn lan trc tip n im thu theo mt ng thng
c im
+
Mi trng ch tn ti trong v tr, s dng cho thng tin v tr
+
Bu kh quyn tri t trong mt s iu kin nht nh c coi l khng gian
t do
1.4 Phng thc truyn lan sng in t
Hnh 1.10: Truyn lan sng t do
Mc tiu trong v tr
Trm trn mt t
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B MN: V TUYN KHOA VIN THNG 1
Trang 27
Tng kt:
1.4 Phng thc truyn lan sng in t
Hnh 1.11: Cc phng thc truyn lan sng v tuyn
Sng t do
Sng tri
Sng t
Mt t
Khng gian t do
Tng in ly
Tng bnh lu
Tng i lu
Sng khng gian
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Trang 28
Bi ton
+
Khng gian t do
+
Ngun bc x v hng, cng sut bc x P
1
(W), t ti im T
+
Xt trng ti im R cch T mt khong r (m)
Gii quyt
+
Ngun bc x s bc x v s mt sng cu lin tip c tm ti T
+
Xt mt cu i qua R c bn knh l r. Thng lng nng lng (mt cng
sut) ti mt cu:
1.5 Biu thc truyn lan sng trong khng gian t do
( )
1
2
2
S
P
4 .r
2
W/m =
t
1 m
2
r
T
R
(P
1-W
)
(1.8)
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Trang 29
t
E
h
, H
h
: Cng in trng, t trng hiu dng
Z
0
: Tr khng sng ca khng gian t do
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
1
h
2
1
h
E
30P
r
60.P
E E . 2.cos t kr .cos t kr
r
V/m
V/m
=
= e = e
(1.10)
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Trang 30
)
P
a1
: Cng sut a vo anten pht (P
T
)
(1.12)
( ) ( )
( )
1 1
1 1
1
1 1 1 1
1
1 1
.
; .
. .
dB dB
a
a T T
EIRP P D
EIRP P D dB
G
D P P
EIRP P G P G
q
q
=
= +
= =
= =
(1.13)
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Trang 32
| |
=
|
\ .
(1.17)
(1.19)
(1.18)
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
2
0
0
1 2
4 .
20lg 20lg 92, 45
20lg 20lg 92, 45 10lg 10lg
GHz km
td GHz km
r
L
L f r dB
L f r D D dB
t
| |
=
|
\ .
= + +
= + +
(1.20)
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B MN: V TUYN KHOA VIN THNG 1
Trang 34
H s suy gim, F
| |
=
|
\ .
(1.24)
( ) ( )
( )
1 2
20lg 20lg 92, 45 10lg 10lg 20lg
td GHz km
L f r D D F dB = + +
2
1 1
2
2
.
.
4 .
P D
S F
r t
=
( )
1
h
E
30P
.F
r
V/m =
(1.23)
(1.22)
(1.21)
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Trang 35
Bi tp chng 1
1.7 Cu hi v bi tp
6. Mt tri c cng sut bc x theo mi hng khong 3,85.10
20
W, khong cch nh nht t qu
t n mt tri l 147.098.090 km (vo thng ging) v ln nht l 152.097.650 km. Tnh:
- Mt cng sut bc x cc tiu v cc i ca mt tri ln b mt qu t?
- Mt cng sut bc x mt tri khong cch trung bnh v t l phn trm sai s ca
bc x cc i v cc tiu so vi gi tr trung bnh?
7. Mt my pht c cng sut 3 W, anten pht c h s khuch i l 30 dBi. c ly 40 km t
mt anten thu c din tch hiu dng l 3,5 m
2
, hiu sut lm vic 100%. Tnh cng sut sng
mang nhn c anten thu.
(a) 0,164.10
-5
W; (b) 0,164.10
-4
W; (c) 0,154.10
-5
W ; (d) 0,154.10
-4
W
8. Xc nh cng sut my pht cn thit thc hin tuyn thng tin c cc iu kin: c ly
thng tin 50 km, tn s cng tc 2GHz, h s khuych i ca anten thu v anten pht l 30 dBi,
cng sut anten thu nhn c l 10
-6
W.
(a) 1,63W; (b) 2,63W; (c) 3,63W; (d) 4,63W
9. Mt my pht c cng sut 50 W. Biu din cng sut my pht sang n v dBm v dBW?
(a) 15 dBW v 45 dBm; (b) 16 dBW v 46 dBm; (c) 17 dBW v 47 dBm; (d) 18dBW v 48 dBm
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Trang 36
Bi tp chng 1
1.7 Cu hi v bi tp
10. Cng sut bi 9 c cp cho anten v hng lm vic vi sng mang c tn s 900 MHz,
tm cng sut thu (tnh theo dBm) ti im cch anten pht mt khong 10 km. Gi s anten thu c
h s khuch i l 2 v sng truyn trong khng gian t do.
(a) - 45,5 dBm; (b) - 51,5 dBm; (c) - 55,5 dBm; (d) - 61,5 dBm
11. S liu nh bi 9 v 10, tnh bin cng in trng hiu dng ti im t anten thu.
(a) 2,9 mV/m; (b) 3,9 mV/m; (c) 4,9 mV/m; (d) 5,9 mV/m
12. Tnh tn hao khi truyn sng trong khng gian t do (theo dn v dB) bit c ly truyn sng 50
km, tn s cng tc 2 GHz, vi anten v hng.
(a) 132,5 dB; (b) 135,5 dB; (c) 142,5 dB; (d) 145,5 dB
13. S liu nh bi 12, nu c hai anten c h s khuych i l 30 dBi th tn hao l bao nhiu?
(a) 72,5 dB; (b) 75,5 dB; (c) 82,5 dB; (d) 85,5 dB
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Trang 37
Bi tp chng 1
1.7 Cu hi v bi tp
14. Mt ngun v hng c cng sut bc x 100W. Mi trng truyn sng l khng gian t do.
Hy xc nh:
a, Mt cng sut ti im cch xa ngun 1000 m.
(a) 6,96 W; (b) 6,96 mW; (c) 7,96 W; (d) 7,96 mW
b, Mt cng sut ti im cch xa ngun 20 km.
(a) 19,9 pW
; (b) 19,9 W ; (c) 20,9 pW; (d) 20,9 W
15. Xc nh cng in trng hiu dng ti im thu vi cc gi thit cho trong bi 14.
(a) 44,7 mV/m v 1,74 mV/m; (b) 44,7 mV/m v 2,74 mV/m; (c) 54,7 mV/m v 1,74 mV/m; (d)
54,7 mV/m v 2,74 mV/m
16. Xc nh mt cng sut ti im cch anten 30 km ca mt anten c cng sut bc x 5 W
v h s khuch i ca anten l 40 dBi.
(a) 4,42 pW; (b) 4,42 W; (c) 5,42 pW; (d) 5,42 W
17. Mt anten pht c h s khuych i 30 dBi, hiu sut lm vic 60%. c cng in
trng hiu dng ti im thu cch anten pht 100 km bng 3,46 mV/m th cn phi a vo anten
cng sut l bao nhiu? Vi iu kin sng truyn trong khng gian t do.
(a) 3 W; (b) 3,5W; (c) 4 W; (d) 5 W
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Trang 38
TRUYN LAN SNG CC NGN
CHNG 2
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Trang 39
2.2 Truyn lan trong gii hn nhn thy trc tip vi iu kin l tng
2.6 Cu hi v bi tp
NI DUNG
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Trang 40
Tn x tng i lu
+
Tn ti cc vng khng gian khng ng nht trong tng i lu
+
Sng i vo trong vng khng ng nht s khuych tn theo mi hng
G
T1
= G
T2
= G
T
; r
1
= r
2
= r, nhng khi tnh
sai pha th khng b qua v Ar = r
2
r
1
~
+
Cng in trng do tia trc tip
+
Cng in trng do tia phn x
+
Cng in trng tng
2.2 Truyn lan trong gii hn nhn thy trc tip vi iu kin l tng
( )
( )
( )
T T kW
j t
1
km
E
245. P G
e
r
mV/m
e
=
( )
( )
( )
2
j t r
T T kW
2
km
E
245. P G
R e
r
mV/m
t | |
e uA
|
\ .
=
( )
( )
( )
2
j r
T T kW
j t
1 2
km
E E E
245. P G
1 R.e e
r
mV/m
t | |
u+A
|
e \ .
=
(
( + = +
(
(2.4)
(2.5)
(2.6)
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Trang 47
|
+ = + = + +
=
+
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2
T T kW j t
km
T T kW
2
h
km
2
E
E
245. P G . 1 2Rcos R
.e
r
173. P G
. 1 2Rcos R
r
F 1 2Rcos R F 1 R F 1 R
mV/m
mV/m
e
+ |+
=
= + |+
= + |+ = | s s +
(2.7)
(2.8)
(2.9)
(2.10)
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Trang 48
Vi tuyn xc nh: h
T
, h
R
, , u, c th xc nh c ly thng tin r c h
s suy gim t cc tr
+
Cc i ti (u + k.Ar) = 2n.t vi n = 1,2,
+
Cc tiu ti (u + k.Ar) = (2n + 1).t vi n = 1,2,
2.2 Truyn lan trong gii hn nhn thy trc tip vi iu kin l tng
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Trang 49
h
r
-h
t
Tia 2
Tia 1
C
A
h
t
h
r
h
r
+h
t
r
h
r
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
2 2 2 2
1 r t
2
2 2 ' 2
2 t r
2 2
2 2
2 1
2 1 2 1 2 1
2 1
t r
r AB h h r
r AB h h r
r r
r r r r . r r r
r r
2h h
r m
r
= = +
= = + +
= + A =
+
A =
(2.11)
Hnh 2.5 Xc nh hiu s ng i gia hai tia
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Trang 50
Do r >> h
T
, h
R
gc ti tia phn x rt ln (~ 90
0
)
R ~ 1; u ~ 180
0
+
Cng thc hp l ha
+
Cng thc giao thoa n gin
2.2 Truyn lan trong gii hn nhn thy trc tip vi iu kin l tng
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
2
2
T R
T R T R
T m R m
km m
T T kW
T m R m
h
km m
km
F 1 2Rcos R
4 .h .h
F 1 2Rcos R
r.
4 .h .h 2 .h .h
F 2 2cos 2. sin
r. r.
0,36.h .h
F 2. sin
r .
346. P .G
0,36.h .h
E . sin mV/ m
r .
r
= + | +
t
= + u + +
t t
= =
| |
=
|
\ .
| |
=
|
\ .
(2.12)
(2.13)
(2.14)
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Trang 51
Xc nh im giao thoa t cc tr
+
Cc i
+
Cc tiu
2.2 Truyn lan trong gii hn nhn thy trc tip vi iu kin l tng
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
T R T R
T R
T R
n _ max
2 .h .h 2 .h .h
sin 1 sin 1
r. r.
2 .h .h
2n 1 . n 0,1, 2,...
r.
2
4.h .h
r m
2n 1 .
t t
= =
t
t
= + =
=
+
( )
( )
( )
( )
T R T R
T R
n _ min
2 .h .h 2 .h .h
sin 0 n 1 . n 0,1, 2,...
r. r.
2.h .h
r m
n 1 .
t t
= = + t =
=
+
(2.15)
(2.16)
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Trang 52
<
t
=
=
T R
18.h .h
r >
(2.18)
(2.17)
(2.19)
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Trang 53
H s phn x nh
+
Hn ch tm nhn trc tip gia anten thu v pht
2.3 nh hng ca cong tri t
A
B
A
1
B
1
C
O
a
h
r
h
t
h
t
h
r
Hnh 2.7 M hnh truyn
sng trn mt t cu
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Trang 54
Cng in trng
+
Qu trnh truyn sng c ly nh hn c ly nhn thy trc tip
-
Tng t nh mt t phng, chiu cao anten xc nh bng chiu cao gi
nh : h
t
, h
r
-
Gi tr chiu cao anten gi nh xc nh bng h s b m (tra theo bng hoc
th - ph thuc h a l)
2.3 nh hng ca cong tri t
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
' '
t r t r
t r
t r
T T kW t m r m
h
2
km m
E
h .h m.h .h
2.m.h .h
r m
r
4 .m.h .h
F
.r
2,17 P G .m.h .h
mV/ m
r .
=
A =
t
=
(2.22)
(2.23)
(2.24)
(2.25)
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Trang 56
nh hng gh ca tri t
+
Hin tng tn x
+
Tiu chun Rayleigh
Khi tiu chun Rayleigh tha mn
s phn x sng khng c tnh tn x
Mt t coi l phng
2.4 nh hng ca a hnh
( )
h m
8sin
<
u
B
B
u
C
C
A
A
h
Tia B
Tia A
Mt sng 1
Mt sng 2
h: cao ca mt t phng gi nh
so vi mt t thc
u: Gc ti ti im phn x
(2.26)
Hnh 2.10 M hnh tiu chun Rayleigh
Hnh 2.9 Mt ct ngang a hnh thc
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Trang 57
Nguyn l Huyghen
+
Nhn xt
-
Bn cht in t ca sng nh sng
-
Tnh cht sng ca sng in t khi truyn lan
+
Nguyn l: Mi im nm trn mt mt sng do mt ngun bc x sng in
t s cp gy ra s tr thnh ngun bc x th cp mi. Ngun bc x th
cp mi ny li to ra cc mt sng th cp mi khc. Nh vy trng in t
ti mt im trong khng gian do mt ngun bc x s cp sinh ra s do ton
b vng khng gian bao quanh ngun bc x s cp gy ra.
2.4 nh hng ca a hnh
S r
A
M
Hnh 2.11: Xc nh trng theo nguyn l Huyghen
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Trang 58
Nguyn l Huyghen
+
ngha
-
Qu trnh truyn sng in t t im pht n im thu khng phi ch theo
mt tia m cng trng ti im thu l do ton b min khng gian bao
quanh im pht gy ra
-
C th xc nh cng trng ti mt im bt k trong khng gian khi bit
mt trng ca mt sng to ra n.
2.4 nh hng ca a hnh
C
A
A
B
B
o
Hnh 2.12. Biu din nguyn l Huyghen
trong khng gian t do
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Trang 59
Min Fresnel
+
Xy dng min Fresnel
+
Khi nim
2.4 nh hng ca a hnh
N
n
r
1
A B
N
n
N
0
r
2
N
0
N
1
N
2
N
4
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- -
-
- -
-
-
-
-
N
3
N
1
N
1
+ Ngun pht A, im thu B, AB = r
+ Dng mt sng i qua im N
0
+ Dng mt nn trn xoay trc BN
0
,
ng sinh l: (BN
0
+ n./2), ct mt
sng N
n
(n = 1,2,3 )
+ Min Fresnel th n (F
n
) l vng khng gian c
gii hn bi qu tch cc im m hiu s gia tng
khong cch t im ny n im pht v im thu
vi khong cch gia hai im thu pht l hng s c
gi tr bng n ln na bc sng cng tc.
( ) n n
AN N B AB n.
2
+ =
+ Min Fresnel c dng elip trn xoay nhn hai im thu
v pht lm tiu im, c bn knh l b
n
(2.27)
Hnh 2.13: Nguyn l cu to min
Fresnel trn mt sng cu
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Trang 60
Min Fresnel
+
Tnh bn knh min Fresnel n, b
n
+
Cng thc hp l ha
2.4 nh hng ca a hnh
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
n n 1 2
2 2
2 2 n n
n 1 n 1 1 n 1 2
1 1
2 2
2 2 n n
n 2 n 2 2 n 2 2
2 2
2 2
n n
1 2 1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
1(km) 2(km)
1 2 GHz
km
AN BN r r n.
2
b b
AN r b r . 1 r b r
r 2r
b b
BN r b r . 1 r b r
r 2r
b b
r r r r n.
2r 2r 2
r .r
b .n. m
r r
r .r .n
b m
r r .f
n
n
=
= 17,32.
+ = + +
= + = + ~ + <<
= + = + ~ + <<
+ + + = + +
+
+
(2.28)
(2.29)
Hnh 2.14: Xc nh bn knh min Fresnel
b
1max
B A
Hnh 2.15: Vng tham gia vo qu trnh
truyn lan sng
B
N
n
A
b
n
S
0
N
0
r
1
r
2
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Trang 61
Min Fresnel
+
Chng minh c rng: Cng trng ti im thu ch yu c gy ra
bi vng khng gian nm trong khong mt na min Fresnel th nht
(0,6b
1
). Tng cng trng do cc im nm ngoi min ny gy ra ti
im thu s b tr cho nhau v trit tiu do pha ca chng ngc nhau. y
l gii hn ca vng truyn sng trong phm vi nhn thy trc tip.
+
ngha
-
Qu trnh truyn sng v tuyn gia hai anten thu v pht khng phi ch theo
mt tia, cng khng phi do ton b min khng gian m ch l vng khng
gian c dng elip trn xoay nm trong khong mt na min Fresnel th nht
-
Qu trnh truyn sng v tuyn c bn tn ti khi vng khng gian gii hn bi
0,6 b
1
khng b cn tr sut dc ng truyn.
-
qu trnh pht v thu sng v tuyn t hiu qu cao, ta dng cc bin
php k thut sng in t bc x ra ch tp chung trong min Fresnel th
nht
= ~ << =
= + + =
= = = << = =
| |
|
\ .
+ dN/dh > 0 R < 0; dN/dh < 0 R > 0; dN/dh = 0 R =
(2.31)
Hnh 2.17 tnh bn knh
cong tia sng
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= = =
+
= =
(2.32)
Hnh 2.18 Cc qu o ca sng v tuyn
a) Qu o thc vi tri t bn knh thc
b) Qu o ng thng vi tri t c bn
knh tng ng
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Hp th phn t
+
Ch yu do phn t nc v xy
+
Ph thuc thiu vo tn s
c bit tng nhanh vi tn s trn 10GHz
2.5 nh hng ca tng i lu
3 6 15 30 60 150 300
10
+2
10
+1
10
0
10
-1
10
-2
10
-3
Tn s GHz
Suy
hao
dB/
km
f = 22 GHz
O
2
H
2
O
Hnh 2.19. S ph thuc ca h s hp th sng
ca O
2
v H
2
O vo tn s
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Trang 68
Hp th trong ma v sng m
+
Hp th trong ma ph thuc vo cng ma tnh theo mm/h, v theo tn
s, tng nhanh vi tn s t 6GHz tr ln
+
Hp th do sng m ph thuc
theo tn s v tm nhn xa ca anten
+
Gy thay i phn cc sng
2.5 nh hng ca tng i lu
6
8 10 20 30 40 50 60 100
2
3
4
8
40
30
20
10
Tn s GHz
Hp
th
dB/km
41 m 150 m
Hp th dB/km
0,01
0,1
1
10
10 30 100 3
1
Tn s GHz
30 m
Hnh 2.21. S ph thuc ca h s hp th trong
ma vi cng ma 100 mm/h vo tn s
Hnh 2.20. S ph thuc ca h s hp th trong
sng m theo tm nhn xa v tn s
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Trang 69
Bi tp chng 2
2.6 Cu hi v bi tp
9. Cho ng truyn c cc thng s sau: Cng sut bc x 15 W, bc sng cng tc 35 cm, h
s khuch i ca anten pht l 100, cao ca anten pht v anten thu ln lt l 80 m v 20 m,
c ly ng truyn l 10 km. Vi R = 0,91 v u = 180
0
khi sng phn cc ngang v R = 0,68; u =
180
0
khi sng phn cc ng. Xc nh h s suy gim?
(a) 0,42 v 0,44; (b) 0,52 v 0,54; (c) 0,62 v 0,64; (d) 0,72 v 0,74
10. S liu nh bi 9, xc nh cng in trng hiu dng ti im thu?
(a) 10 mV/m v 11,5 mV/m; (b) 11 mV/m v 10,5 mV/m; (c) 11 mV/m v 11,5 mV/m; (d) 10,5
mV/m v 11,5 mV/m
11. S liu nh bi 9, xc nh tn hao truyn sng bit h s khuch i ca anten thu l 100.
(a) 76,78 dB v 76,45 dB; (b) dB; (c) 76,78 dB v 80,45 dB; (d) 80,78 dB v 80,45 dB
12. Xc nh h s suy gim khi ng truyn c cc tham s: cng sut pht 50 W, bc sng
cng tc 10 cm, h s khuch i anten pht 60, cao anten pht 25 m, anten thu 10 m, c ly
truyn sng 10 km, h s phn x R = 1 v u = 180
0
.
(a) 1,62 ; (b) 1,72; (c) 1,82; (d) 1,92
13. S liu nh bi 12, xc nh cng in trng ti im thu?
(a) 115,34 V/m; (b) 125,34 V/m; (c) 115,34 mV/m; (d) 125,34 mV/m
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Trang 70
Bi tp chng 2
2.6 Cu hi v bi tp
14. S liu nh bi 12 nhng bc sng cng tc l 1m. Hy xc nh cng in trng ti
im thu?
(a) 15 mV/m; (b) 16 mV/m; (c) 17 mV/m; (d) 18 mV/m
15. Mt anten pht c t cao 49m v anten thu c t cao 25m. Khong cch tm
nhn thng ca hai anten ny l gi tr no di y?
(a) 35,8 km; (b) 42,8 km; (c) 45,8 km; (d) 50,8 km
16. Mt anten pht c t cao 30m v anten thu c t cao 15m. Khong cch tm
nhn thng ca hai anten ny l gi tr no di y?
(a) 27,4 km; (b) 30,4 km; (c) 33,4 km; (d) 35,4 km
17. Anten pht v tuyn truyn hnh t cao 64m. Tnh cao ca anten thu ti mt im t
cch xa i pht mt khong 50 km c th thu c tn hiu.
(a) 2 m; (b) 2,5 m; (c) 3 m; (d) 3,5 m
18. Xc nh bn knh cong ca tia sng khi i trong tng i lu i lu tiu chun?
(a) 2.10
6
m; (b) 2,5.10
6
m; (c) 2.10
7
m; (d) 2,5.10
7
m
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Trang 71
TRUYN LAN SNG
TRONG THNG TIN DI NG
CHNG 3
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3.6 Phn tp
3.7 Cu hi v bi tp
NI DUNG
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Trang 73
Tnh c bit
Cc yu t hn ch t mi trng v tuyn
Knh v tuyn
Min tn s
iu bin tn s
+
Gy ra do hiu ng Doppler: Dch tn s doppler, f
v : Tc my di ng (MS)
: Bc sng
o: Gc gia phng chuyn ng ca MS v sng ti
f
d
: Tn s doppler cc i
+
Tn hiu a ng t cc phng khc nhau lm tng rng bng tn tn
hiu, gi l tri ph doppler
Chn lc tn s
+
Mt s on ph ca tn hiu qua knh chn lc tn s b nh hng nhiu
hn (thay i theo tn s)
+
Phadinh chon lc tn s lm mo tn hiu
3.2 c tnh knh trong cc min
cos cos cos
v v
= o = o = o
=
c
Rx c
d
f f f
c
f f f
(3.3)
S
A
B
v
o
Hnh 3.4 Hiu ng Doppler
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Trang 79
= = -
}
(3.4)
"0"
"1"
"0" "1"
Hnh 3.5 nh hng ca tri tr
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Trang 80
Tri tr trung bnh qun phng, RDS (Root mean square Delay Spread)
P(t
k
): Cng sut trung bnh a ng vi tr t
k
+
RDS biu th tr so vi ng n sm nht (LOS Line Of Sight)
+
RDS nh gi nh hng ca ISI (InterSymbol Interference)
3.2 c tnh knh trong cc min
2
2
2
2
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
k k k k
k k
k k
k k
P P
P P
t
t t
t t t t
t t
t t
o
= =
=
(3.6)
(3.5)
(3.7)
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Trang 81
Tr tri cc i
+
Tr tri cc i ti, X dB, l tr thi gian m nng lng a ng gim
X dB so vi nng lng cc i.
Tri tr a ng
+
L thng s min thi gian, lm mo tn hiu do tr v phadinh chn lc tn
s (nh hng ln c tnh knh min tn s)
-
Phainh phng
-
Phainh chn lc tn s
Tri doppler
+
L thng s min tn s, dn n tn tn v phadinh chn lc thi gian (nh
hng ln c tnh knh min thi gian)
-
Phainh chm
-
Phainh nhanh
ngha
+
iu kin phadinh ngoi ph thuc thng s knh l tri tr a ng v bng
thng nht qun, cn ph thuc c im ca tn hiu bao gm chu k k hiu
v rng bng tn
+
La chn tn hiu ph hp s ci thin c hiu nng truyn dn
3.3 Phadinh phm vi hp
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Trang 85
Hm mt xc sut, PDF
|: Bin ngu nhin ca in p ng bao tn hiu thu, r: gi tr ca |
o: Gi tr trung bnh qun phng ca tn hiu thu ca tng thnh phn Gauss
o
2
: Cng sut trung bnh theo thi gian ca tn hiu thu
3.4 Cc phn b Rayleigh v Rice
( )
,
( )
,
o
|
s s
= =
o
<
r
r
e r
f r p
r
r
2
2
2
2
0
0 0
(3.10)
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Trang 87
Phng sai ca phn b rayleigh (thnh phn cng sut xoay chiu)
3.4 Cc phn b Rayleigh v Rice
(3.11)
[ ] ( ) ,
t
= | = = o | = o
}
tb
E rp r dr
0
2
1 253
[ ] - [ ] ( ) ,
r
E E r p r dr
o t t
o = | | = = o
| |
= o
|
\ .
}
2
2
2 2 2 2
0
2
2
2 2
0 4292
(3.12)
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Hm mt xc xut
A: Bin nh ca tn hiu vt tri
I
0
(.): Hm Bessel ci tin loi mt bc khng
3.4 Cc phn b Rayleigh v Rice
(3.13)
( )
cos
, ,
( )
,
( )
r A
y t
A r
r Ar
e I
f r
r
I y e dt
+
o
t
t
> >
|
=
o o
<
=
t
| |
|
\ .
}
2
2 2
2
0
2 2
0
0 0
0 0
1
2
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Trang 89
Nguyn tc:
+
Knh phadinh a ng: c trng ton hc bng b lc tuyn tnh thay i
theo thi gian (ng tr)
+
Knh c trng bng p ng xung kim knh
+
Tn hiu u ra bng tch chp tn hiu u vo knh vi p ng xung kim
knh
3.5 M hnh knh
( )
( )
( ; ) , , ...., ( ) ( ) ,
L
i t
h t L t e t
=
t = = | o t t
1
0
0 1 1
(3.15)
Trong
|
l
(t),
l
(t), t
l
(t) biu th cho bin , pha v tr i vi xung thu th l (ng truyn l);
t biu th cho tr, t biu th cho s thay i theo thi gian ca chnh cu trc xung kim
o(.) biu th cho hm Delta Dirac, L biu th cho s ng truyn
( ) ( ) ( , ) ( ) ( , ) y t x h t d x t h t t t t t
= = -
}
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Trang 91
x(t)
0 1
L 2
L 1
y(t)
0
0
1
L 2
(L 2)
L 1
(L 1)
1 L 2 L 1
Hnh 3.6 M hnh knh v tuyn di ng bng ng tr a nhnh
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Trang 92
Nguyn tc:
+
S thay i thi gian tr t dn n thay i tn s f, ngha l tn thi ca
knh khin knh mang tnh chn lc tn s
+
Thc hin bin i Fourier p ng xung kim knh trong min thi gian
3.5 M hnh knh
(3.16)
'
-
[ ' ( )]
( ', ) ( , ) ( , )
j f
L
j f t
h f t h t e d h t e
t t
t t
=
= t t = t
}
2
1
2
0
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Trang 93
Phn tp
Kt hp tn hiu t cc
anten nhn c tn hiu tt
L phng php s dng ph bin, chng c c phadinh phng v phadinh
la chn, thng s dng phn tp khng gian thu
3.6 Phn tp
f
f
T
x
R
x
R
x
Kt
hp
S liu
vo
S liu ra
Hnh 3.7 Phn tp khng gian
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Phn tp tn s
+
S dng hai cp my thu/pht lm vic hai tn s khc nhau
-
Cc tn s phi c khong cch m bo khng tng quan phadinh vi nhau
-
To nn hai knh v tuyn c lp
+
ng thi cng truyn mt tn hiu trn hai knh
-
Do hai knh c lp nn khng b phadinh ng thi
Kt hp tn hiu t cc
my thu nhn c tn hiu tt
L phng php s dng khng hiu qu tn s, phc tp trong cu hnh, hiu
qu trong chng phadinh la chn tn s
3.6 Phn tp
Hnh 3.8 Phn tp tn s
SW
f
2
f
1
T
x1
R
x1
R
x2
S liu vo
S liu ra
T
x2
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Trang 96
Bi tp chng 3
3.7 Cu hi v bi tp
15. Xt mt my pht pht x sng mang c tn s 1850 MHz. My di ng c
t trn xe t chy vn tc 80 km gi. Tnh tn s sng mang ti my thu khi
my di ng tin thng n my pht?
(a) 1850,000010 MHz; (b) 1850, 000120 MHz; (c) 1850,000137MHz
16. (Tip). Tnh tn s sng mang ti my thu khi my di ng ri xa my pht
(a) 1850,000118MHz; (b) 1850,000220MHz; (c)1849,999863MHz
17. (Tip). Tnh tn s sng mang ti my thu khi my di ng chuyn ng vung
gc vi phng sng ti.
(a) 1850,000118MHz; (b) 1850,000220MHz; (c)1849,999863MHz; (d) 1850 MHz
18. Gi thit p ng xung kim knh c s dng lp m hnh cho cc knh v
tuyn vi tr tri ln nht l100s. Nu s nhnh tr c c nh l 64. Tm At
ca m hnh ng tr a nhnh.
(a) 1,3s; (b)1,56s; (c)1,5625s; (d)1,625s
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L THUYT CHUNG V ANTEN
CHNG 4
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Trang 99
4.5 Cu hi v bi tp
NI DUNG
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Trang 100
Vai tr ca anten
Cc loi anten
4.1 Gii thiu
Hnh 4.2. Mt s loi anten
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Trang 102
Qu trnh vt l bc x sng in t
in trng xoy
+
L in trng c cc ng sc khng b rng buc vi cc in tch to ra
n m t bn thn chng khp kn.
iu kin to sng in t
+
Quy lut ca in t trng bin thin, in trng xoy bin thin s sinh ra
t trng bin i. Bn thn t trng bin i li sinh ra mt in trng
xoy mi. Qu trnh lp li v sng in t c hnh thnh
4.1 Gii thiu
Hnh 4.3. Qu trnh truyn lan
sng in t
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Trang 103
Qu trnh vt l bc x sng in t
Kho st qu trnh bc x
4.1 Gii thiu
a
b
M
c
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B MN: V TUYN KHOA VIN THNG 1
Trang 104
Hm tnh hng
th tnh hng
+
L th khng gian biu th s bin i tng i ca bin trng bc x
theo hng kho st khi c ly kho st l khng i
+
c v t F(u,) trn ta cc hoc ta cc
-
Mt phng chn v th l hai mt phng vung gc i qua hng bc x
cc i ca anten (u,)
-
Vi ta cc, trc chun ban u chn trng vi trc i xng ca th, bt
u hng cc i
-
Thang biu din c th theo thang thp phn hay thang logarit
4.2 Cc tham s c bn
-60 -30
30
u
o
0,25
0,50
0,75
1,0
0 90 -90 60
Hnh 4.5. th
tnh hng
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Trang 106
H s tnh hng
+
L t s gia mt cng sut ca anten ti mt hng xc nh vi mt
cng sut ca mt anten chun khi hai anten t cng v tr v cng sut bc
x nh nhau. Anten chun thng chn anten v hng
Tr khng vo
E
u
I
e
I
e
I
e
l
E
u
H
I
e
Hnh 4.9. Bc x ca chn t in trong khng gian t do Hnh 4.8. Phn b dng in trong chn t
x
z
I
e
r
u
k
H
E
u
y
M
O
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Trang 111
Kho st trng ti im M
+
Tn ti vecto in trng trong mt phng in trng (u)
+
Tn ti vecto t trng trong mt phng t trng ()
4.3 Ngun bc x nguyn t
sin ( / )
4
0
0
sin
4
ikr
e
ikr
e
ikZ e
E I l i V m
r
E
H
ik e
H I l i
r
u u
u
u
t
u
t
=
=
=
=
Trong : k = 2t/ l h s sng
Z: l tr khng sng ca mi trng truyn lan. Trong khng gian t do Z = 120 t (O)
I
e
: l dng in trong dipol in
r: l khong cch t tm O dn im kho st M
l : chiu di ca dipol
u,: l cc gc ca h ta cu
(4.10)
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Trang 112
Kho st trng ti im M
+
Nhn xt
-
Trng bc x ca dipol in l trng phn cc ng thng, in trng ch
c thnh phn E
u
v t trng ch c thnh phn H
-
Mt phng E trng vi mt phng kinh tuyn cha trc chn t, mt phng H
trng vi mt phng v tuyn vung vi trc chn t
-
Ti mi im vecto E v H c pha ging nhau nn nng lng bc x l nng
lng thc
+
Hm tnh hng
-
Trng bc x c hng trong mt phng E, v hng trong mt phng H
4.3 Ngun bc x nguyn t
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
, . . .sin .
, . . . sin
sin onst
onst onst
e
e
f Z I l i
f Z I l
F c
F c c
u
u u
u u
u u
u
=
=
= =
= =
(4.11)
(4.12)
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Trang 113
Kho st trng ti im M
+
th tnh hng
4.3 Ngun bc x nguyn t
c) Ta vung gc
1,0
0,8
0,6
0,4
0,2
1,0
0,8
0,6
0,4
0,2
360
0
0
0
180
0
360
0
0
0
180
0
0
u
0
F()
F(u)
a) Trong khng gian
x
y
z
b) Ta cc
u
E
u
F(u); = const
F() = 1;u = const
Hnh 4.10. th tnh hng
ca dipol in
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Trang 114
Kho st trng ti im M
+
Cng sut bc x
+
in tr bc x
+
H s tnh hng
4.3 Ngun bc x nguyn t
( )
2
2
2
2 3
0 0 0
1 1
E x H . sin sin
2 2 4
e
e
s
Z I l
E
P ds d r d d
Z
t t t
u
t
u u u u
E
| |
= = | =
|
\ .
} } } }
2
2
3
e
Z l
R
t
E
| |
=
|
\ .
2
2
3
e
e
Z I
l
P
t
E
| |
=
|
\ .
( )
( )
2 2
2
ax
, .4 .
1 3
, . sin
2 . 2
3/ 2
h
m
E r
D
Z P
D
u t
u u
E
= =
=
(4.13)
(4.14)
(4.15)
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Trang 115
Chn t t (dipol t)
+
L phn t dn t thng, rt mnh, c di
l
rt nh hn bc sng. Dng
t phn b u c v bin v pha
4.3 Ngun bc x nguyn t
Hnh 4.12. Bc x ca chn t t trong khng gian t do Hnh 4.11. Phn b dng t trong chn t
I
m
l
E
H
u
I
m
a)
H
u
E
I
m
x
z
I
m
r
u
k
E
H
u
y
M
O
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Trang 116
Chn t t (dipol t)
Kho st trng ti im M
+
Tn ti vecto in trng trong mt phng in trng ()
+
Tn ti vecto t trng trong mt phng t trng (u)
4.3 Ngun bc x nguyn t
sin ( / )
4
0
0
sin
4 .
ikr
m
ikr
m
ik e
E I l i V m
r
E
H
ik e
H I l i
Z r
u
u u
u
t
u
t
=
=
=
=
Trong : k = 2t/ l h s sng
Z: l tr khng sng ca mi trng truyn lan. Trong khng gian t do Z = 120 t (O)
I
m
: l dng t trong dipol t
r: l khong cch t tm O dn im kho st M
l : chiu di ca dipol
u,: l cc gc ca h ta cu
(4.16)
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Trang 117
Chn t t (dipol t)
Kho st trng ti im M
+
Nhn xt
-
Trng bc x ca dipol t l trng phn cc ng thng, in trng ch
c thnh phn E
Chn t t (dipol t)
Kho st trng ti im M
+
th tnh hng
4.3 Ngun bc x nguyn t
c) Ta vung gc
1,0
0,8
0,6
0,4
0,2
1,0
0,8
0,6
0,4
0,2
360
0
0
0
180
0
360
0
0
0
180
0
0
u
0
F()
F(u)
a) Trong khng gian
x
y
z
b) Ta cc
u
E
u
F(u); = const
F() = 1;u = const
Hnh 4.13. th tnh hng
ca dipol t
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Trang 119
Chn t t (dipol t)
Kho st trng ti im M
+
Cng sut bc x
+
in dn bc x
+
H s tnh hng
4.3 Ngun bc x nguyn t
( )
2
2
1/
3
m
l
G
Z
t
E
| |
= O
|
\ .
2
2
3
m
m
I
l
P
Z
t
E
| |
=
|
\ .
( )
( )
2 2
2
ax
, .4 .
1 3
, . sin
2 . 2
3/ 2
h
m
E r
D
Z P
D
u t
u u
E
= =
=
m e
I ZI =
(4.19)
(4.20)
(4.21)
(4.22)
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Trang 120
Nguyn t bc x hn hp
Nguyn t bc x hn hp
Kho st trng ti im M
+
Trng bc x gm 4 thnh phn E
u
,
E
,
H
u
,
H
.
+
Trng ti vng xa:
4.3 Ngun bc x nguyn t
( )
( )
( )
( )
os os +a
4
sin 1 os
4
os os +a
4
sin 1 os
4
ikr
e
x
ikr
e
x
ikr
e
x
ikr
e
x
ikZ e
E I lc c i
r
ikZ e
E I l ac i
r
ik e
H I lc c i
r
ik e
H I l ac i
r
u
u
u
u
u
t
u
t
u
t
u
t
=
= +
=
= +
(4.24)
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Trang 122
Nguyn t bc x hn hp
Kho st trng ti im M
+
Hm tnh hng
+
Hm tnh hng bin chun ha
Max: u = 0; Min: u = t
+
H s tnh hng (a = 1)
4.3 Ngun bc x nguyn t
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
, os os +a
, sin 1 os
e
x
e
x
f ZI lc c i
f ZI l ac i
u u
u u
u u
=
= +
( )
( )
( )
( )
os os +a
,
1
sin 1 os
,
1
c c
F
a
ac
F
a
u
u
u
u
u
=
+
+
=
+
( )
( )
2
ax
3 os +1
, ; 3
4
m
c
D D
u
u = =
(4.27)
(4.26)
(4.25)
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Trang 123
Nguyn t bc x hn hp
Kho st trng ti im M
+
th tnh hng
-
th hnh cardioit trn xoay,
-
Nng lng bc x cc i v mt hng, l hng ca tch vc t (I
e
xI
m
)
4.3 Ngun bc x nguyn t
z
y
x
u
z
Hnh 4.15. th phng hng ca nguyn t bc x hn hp
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Trang 124
Kho st
Tr khng tng l Z
1
v Z
2
Nguyn l tng h
4.4 Nguyn l anten thu
1 1 1
2 2 2
t v
t v
Z Z Z
Z Z Z
= +
= +
x
1
y1
z1
x
2
y2
z2
R
u
1
u
2
Hnh 4.12. M t tng h hai anten
1 2
2 1 thu thu
e e
I I
=
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Trang 125
Trng bc x v dng u vo
S trn anten
4.4 Nguyn l anten thu
( )
21 1 01 1 1 1
,
4
ikR
h
ik e
E L I F
R
u
t
= Z
( )
21
01
1 01 1 1 1
.4
,
ikR
h
E R
I
ik L I F e
t
u
=
Z
( )
( )
21 1
1
1 1 1 1
12 2
2
2 2 2 2
.4 .
,
.4 .
,
ikR
h
ikR
h
E R Z
e
ik L F e
E R Z
e
ik L F e
t
u
t
u
Z
Z
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Trang 126
Tng qut:
Bi tp chng 4
4.5 Cu hi v bi tp
10. Xc nh h s hng tnh (theo dBi) ca mt anten c tnh hng to nn mt cng sut ti im xem xt l
3mW/m
2
khi m anten v hng to nn mt cng sut cng ti im l 0,5W/m
2
.
(a) 30,8 dBi; (b) 33,8 dBi; (c) 35,8 dBi; (d) 37,8 dBi
11. Xc nh h s khuch i (theo dBi) ca anten c h s hng tnh l 40 v hiu sut lm vic 60%.
(a) 13,8 dBi; (b) 15,8 dBi; (c) 17,8 dBi; (d) 20,8 dBi
12. Xc nh cng sut bc x ng hng tng ng (theo dBW v dBm) ca mt anten c h s hng tnh 43 dBi,
hiu sut 70% v cng sut u vo anten l 5 W.
(a) 45,44 dBW v 75,44 dBm; (b) 48,44 dBW v 78,44 dBm; (c) 45,44 dBW v 78,44 dBm; (d) 48,44 dBW v 75,44 dBm
13. Mt anten c in tr bc x 20O, in tr tn hao 0,5O v h s hng tnh l 200.
a, Xc nh hiu sut ca anten: (a) 87,56 %; (b) 90,56 %; (c) 95,56 %; (d) 97,56 %
b, Xc nh h s khuch i: (a) 22,4 dBi; (b) 22,6 dBi; (c) 22,8 dBi; (d) 22,9 dBi
14. Mt anten c cng sut bc x 65W, cng sut tn hao 5W v h s hng tnh l 500.
a, Xc nh hiu sut ca anten: (a) 90,86 %; (b) 92,86 %; (c) 95,86 %; (d) 97,86 %
b, Xc nh h s khuch i: (a) 26,6 dBi; (b) 26,7 dBi; (c) 26,8 dBi; (d) 26,9 dBi
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Trang 128
ANTEN CHN T
CHNG 5
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Trang 129
5.5 Cu hi v bi tp
NI DUNG
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Trang 130
Khi qut
Khi nim
Phn b dng in
Phn b dng in
>
+ <
(5.1)
(5.2)
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Trang 133
Phn b dng in
5.2 Anten chn t i xng
Q
I
a) l = 0,25
Q I
c) l = 0,675
Q
I
b) l = 0,5
Hnh 5.2 Phn b dng in v in tch trn chn t i xng
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Trang 134
Bi ton
+
Chn t i xng chiu di 2
l
t trong khng gian t do
+
Kho st trng ti M cch chn t r
0
>> , lp vi trc chn t gc u
Xc nh cng trng
+
Chia chn t thnh cc phn t rt nh dz >> . Mi phn t tng ng vi
mt chn t in
-
Chiu di dz
-
Khong cch r
-
Mt dng khng i I
z
5.2 Anten chn t i xng
u
Ar
dz
dz M
r
o
r
1
r
2
l
z
Hnh 5.3 M t cc thng s tnh trng bc x ca
chn t i xng trong khng gian t do
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Trang 135
Xc nh cng trng
+
Trng do phn t dz nhnh 1 v 2 gy ra ti M
+
Tng hp cng trng do hai phn t
5.2 Anten chn t i xng
1
2
1
1
2
2
60
sin
60
sin
ikr
z
ikr
z
I dz
dE i e i
r
I dz
dE i e i
r
u
u
t
u
t
u
=
=
1 0
2 0
os
os
do r
r r zc
r r zc
u
u
>>
=
= +
( ) { }
( ) { } ( )
( ) { } ( )
0
0
1 2
os os
0
0
; .sin .
60 . .
.sin .sin . .
.
60 . .
sin .sin . .2cos kz.cos
.
z b
ikr ikzc ikzc b
ikr
b
dE dE dE I I k l z
I dz
dE i k l z e e e i
r
I dz
dE i k l z e i
r
u u
u
u
t
u
t
u u
= + =
= +
=
(5.3)
(5.5)
(5.4)
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Trang 136
Xc nh cng trng
+
in trng do ton b chn t gy ra ti M
5.2 Anten chn t i xng
( )
( )
( )
0
0
0
0
0
0
cos klcos coskl
60
. . .
sin
60
. . ,
60.
. ,
l
ikr
b
ikr
b
b
E d E
I
E i e i
r
I
E i e f
r
I
E f
r
u
u
u
u
u
=
=
= e
}
(5.7)
(5.6)
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Trang 137
= =
( ) ( )
( )
( )
2
2 k.l
x
cos x 1 sin
2
2
sin
x f
F
u u
u u
~ < =
=
(5.10)
(5.9)
(5.8)
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B MN: V TUYN KHOA VIN THNG 1
Trang 138
| |
\ . \ .
= =
( )
( )
2
.
2cos .cos
cos .cos 1
2
sin sin
k l
f
t
t
u
t u
u
u u
=
| |
|
+
\ .
= =
(5.11)
(5.12)
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B MN: V TUYN KHOA VIN THNG 1
Trang 139
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Trang 140
Tr khng sng
+
Tr khng sng dy song hnh
D: Khong cch tm hai dy dn
r: Bn knh dy dn
+
Chn t i xng thng s in dung phn tn thay i
-
Vi l s
-
Vi l > (cng thc Kesenich)
E: Hng s le (= 0,577)
5.2 Anten chn t i xng
276.lg
f
D
Z
r
| |
=
|
\ .
( )
( )
2
120 ln 1
120 ln
.
A
A
l
Z
r
Z E
r
t
( | |
= O
| (
\ .
( | |
= O
| (
\ .
(5.13)
(5.14)
(5.15)
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B MN: V TUYN KHOA VIN THNG 1
Trang 142
Tr khng vo
+
Vi ng dy song hnh h mch u cui c tr khng vo
+
Chn t i xng nng lng bc x ra khng gian nn c thnh phn in
tr bc x u vo ng vai tr thun tr
+
Tr khng vo ca chn t
(Vi l < 0,75)
5.2 Anten chn t i xng
( )
cotg .
vA A
X iZ k l =
( )
( )
( )
2
2
sin
.cotg
sin
b
vA
b
vA vA vA A
R
R
kl
R
Z R jX iZ kl
lk
E
E
=
= + =
(5.17)
(5.18)
(5.16)
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B MN: V TUYN KHOA VIN THNG 1
Trang 143
Tr khng vo
5.2 Anten chn t i xng
- 300
- 400
- 200
- 100
0
100
200
300
400
0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,2
X
VA
(O)
l/r=40
l/r=20
l/r=60
100
-100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,7 1,0 1,2
R
VA
(O)
l/r =40
l/r =20
l/r =60
0
Hnh 5.5. S ph thuc ca Z
vA
vo
l
Nhn xt:
- Chn t ngn (l < /4): cotg l (+) nn Z
VA
l (-) Tr khng vo mang tnh dung
- Chn t na sng (l = /4): cotg = 0 nn Z
VA
= R
VA
= 73,1 O Mch cng hng ni tip
- Chn t c (/4 < l < /2): cotg l (-) nn Z
VA
l (+) Tr khng vo mang tnh cm
- Chn t ton sng (l = /2): cotg = 0, sin = 0, nn Z
VA
= Mch cng hng song song
l
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B MN: V TUYN KHOA VIN THNG 1
Trang 144
Cng sut bc x
+
Cng sut bc x qua din tch ds
+
Cng sut bc x ca chn t
5.2 Anten chn t i xng
x
d
ds = r
2
sinudud
z
r
u
y
Hnh 5.6. Xc nh cng sut bc x
ca chn t i xng
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
2
2
2
2
2
2 2
0 0
2
2
0
. . . .
2
cos klcos cos kl
sin
8 sin
cos klcos cos kl
30 .
sin
b
b
tb h h
E
dP S ds E H ds ds
Z
ZI
P r d d
r
P I d
t t
u
t
u
u u
t u
u
u
u
E
E
= =
E
= = =
(
=
(
(
= e
} }
}
(5.20)
(5.19)
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B MN: V TUYN KHOA VIN THNG 1
Trang 145
in tr bc x
+
Xc nh ti im bng
Nhn xt
-
Khi l/ nh, ging dipol in, tng l lm cho dng ng pha tng
Tng R
E
-
Khi l > /2, xut hin dng in ngc pha
Gim R
E
-
in tr bc x dao ng cc i di l bi s chn ln /4, cc tiu
di l bi s l ln /4
5.2 Anten chn t i xng
( ) ( )
2
2
0
1
.
2
cos klcos cos kl
60 .
sin
b b
b
P I R
R d
t
u
u
u
E E
E
=
(
=
}
(5.21)
0
50
100
150
200
250
0,25 0,5 0,75 1,0
R
bxb
(O)
Hnh 5.7. Quan h gia in tr bc
xv di tng i
l
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B MN: V TUYN KHOA VIN THNG 1
Trang 146
H s tnh hng
5.2 Anten chn t i xng
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2
2
2
ax
b
, .2 .
,
Z.P
Z
1 cos kl
2
.
m
E r
D
D D
R
u t
u
t
t
E
E
=
= =
Nhn xt:
- Khi l/ s 0,675: Bc x anten cc i hng u = t/2, tng l D tng
- Khi l/ > 0,675: Tng l D gim do cc i chnh gim
(5.22)
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B MN: V TUYN KHOA VIN THNG 1
Trang 147
t
| |
=
|
\ .
Nhn xt:
- Chn t ngn, coi: tgx = x l
hd
= l (chiu di mt nhnh chn t tht)
- Chn t na sng: tg(kl/2) = 1 l
hd
= /t
(5.23)
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B MN: V TUYN KHOA VIN THNG 1
Trang 148
ngun bc x th cp
-
Cng trng ti him thu l giao thoa gia trng s cp v th cp
+
Coi nh hng ca ngun th cp l do chn t nh
5.2 Anten chn t i xng
Mt t
Chn t tht
h
h
Chn t nh
Chn t tht v chn t nh
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B MN: V TUYN KHOA VIN THNG 1
Trang 149
chn t nh
Dng in trong chn t nh c bin bng bin dng in trong
chn t tht, pha ty thuc phng ca chn t tht trn mt t: Song
song ngc pha, vung gc ng pha
Bc x s tng ng vi h hai chn t c khong cch 2h t trong
khng gian t do
Theo l thuyt phn x sng phng, quan h dng: I
a
=I
t
.R.e
i
5.2 Anten chn t i xng
I
e
h
h
E
t
E
t
E
0
E
0
I
m
h
h
E
t
E
t
E
I
e
E
t
E
t
E
u
E
u
Hnh 5.9. Nguyn l
nh gng
I
a
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B MN: V TUYN KHOA VIN THNG 1
Trang 150
A
A
= A
A
A =
A
=
(
= + = A +
(
= A + + A
E
0
: cng trng ca chn t hng bc x cc i
F
0
(A): hm tnh hng chun ha ca chn t trong mt phng kho st
E
1
: bin cng trng ca chn t i xng trong khng gian t do
A: hng kho st
(5.24)
(5.25)
(5.26)
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B MN: V TUYN KHOA VIN THNG 1
Trang 151
2
- gc sai pha ca dng in trong chn t 2 so vi dng trong chn t 1
u
E
M
2l
d
z
a) Mt phng E
M
u
H
b) Mt phng H
z
d
Hnh 5.13. H hai chn t i xng t song song gn nhau
(5.31)
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B MN: V TUYN KHOA VIN THNG 1
Trang 154
= +
= +
= +
(5.33)
(5.32)
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Trang 155
| |
= = =
|
\ .
= = s s
(5.34)
(5.35)
(5.36)
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B MN: V TUYN KHOA VIN THNG 1
Trang 156
| |
= = + =
|
\ .
+ + +
= = s s
min
min
sin .cos 0 .cos 2 0,1, 2,...
2
2 .
cos 1
kd
kd n n
n n d
n
kd d
u u t
t
u
| |
= = =
|
\ .
= = s s
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B MN: V TUYN KHOA VIN THNG 1
Trang 157
Tr khng vo
+
S tng ng h hai chn t
+
Tr khng vo ca mi chn t gm thnh phn tr khng ring v tr khng
tng h ca chn t ln cn
5.2 Anten chn t i xng
e
2
Z
11
Z
22
I
a2
I
a1
ae
i
.Z
12
(1/a).e
-i
.Z
12
Hnh 5.15. S tng ng h hai chn t
e
1
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Trang 160
Tr khng vo
+
Tr khng tng h nh hng ti s thc t t ln hai chn t
5.2 Anten chn t i xng
1 1 11 2 12
2 2 22 1 21
a a
a a
e I Z I Z
e I Z I Z
= +
= +
e
1
, e
2
: S u vi hai chn t khi xt n tng h
Z
11
, Z
22
: Tr khng ring hai chn t
Z
12
, Z
21
: Tr khng tng h hai chn t
2
1
i a
a
I
ae
I
=
( )
( )
1
1 11 12
1
2
2 22 12
2
11 11 11 22 22 22 12 12 12
1 11 12 12 11 12 12
2 22 12 12 22 12 12
1
( os sin ) sin os
1 1
( os sin ) sin os
i
v
a
i
v
a
v
v
e
Z Z ae Z
I
e
Z Z e Z
I a
Z R iX Z R iX Z R iX
Z R a R c X i X a R X c
Z R R c X i X R X c
a a
= = +
= = +
= + = + = +
= + + + + (
(
= + + + +
(
(5.38)
(5.39)
(5.40)
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B MN: V TUYN KHOA VIN THNG 1
Trang 161
in tr bc x
-
in tr bc x ca h khng ph thuc vo in khng ring v in khng
tng h ca hai chn t
5.2 Anten chn t i xng
( )
( )
2
*
1 1
1 11 12 12
*
2 2
2 22 12 12
*
2 1 1
1 2 11 22 12
2
0 11 22 12
.
2
os sin
2
1
cos sin
2
2aR cos
2
2aR cos
bx
bx
a a
bx
a a
bx
a a
bx bx bx
bx
I R
P
I I
P R a R c X
I I
P R R X
a
I I
P P P R a R
R R a R
=
= + (
(
= + +
(
( = + = + +
= + +
(5.41)
(5.42)
(5.43)
(5.44)
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Trang 162
Ngun bc x th cp
5.2 Anten chn t i xng
e
1
I
a2
X
2c
I
a1
d
a)
Z
11
Z
22
I
a1
ae
i
.Z
12
(1/t).e
-i
.Z
12
X
2c
b)
Hnh 5.16. a) Chn t ghp; b) S tng ng
2
1
.
i a
a
I
a e
I
=
(5.45)
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B MN: V TUYN KHOA VIN THNG 1
Trang 163
Cu to
c im
in tr bc x: 36,56O
0
/4
Ct anten
Hnh 5.19. Anten chn t n
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B MN: V TUYN KHOA VIN THNG 1
Trang 165
Dn chn t ng pha
Cu to
+
Cc chn t i xng ton sng: l = /2
+
Xp xp trn mt mt phng theo hng v ct
+
Khong cch gia cc chn t l /2
c im lm vic
+
th tnh hng ging chn t i xng nhng c tnh hng cao hn.
+
Hng bc x cc i ti A = 0 v t
+
bc x n hng: Kt hp vi mt phn x, khong cch d = (0,20,25)
5.4 Anten nhiu chn t
A = 0
o
180
o
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B MN: V TUYN KHOA VIN THNG 1
Trang 168
Anten Yagi
Cu to
+
Mt chn t ch ng: Vng dt na sng sng: l = /4 (Z
v
=300O)
+
Cc chn t th ng: Phn x v dn x
+
t song song vi nhau trn mt mt phng
Nguyn l hot ng
+
2l > /2: X
22
< 0, tnh cm, I sm pha hn
Chn t phn x
d = (0,150,25)
+
2l < /2: X
22
> 0, tnh dung, I chm pha hn
Chn t hng x
d = (0,10,35)
5.4 Anten nhiu chn t
2
1
.
j
I
a e
I
=
( )
2 2
12 22
2 2
22 22
12 22
12 22
R X
a
R X
X X
arctg arctg
R R
+
=
+
= + t
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B MN: V TUYN KHOA VIN THNG 1
Trang 170
Cu to
+
Nhiu chn t c di khc nhau, t khong cch khc nhau
+
Kch thc v khong cch anten thay i theo mt t l gi l chu k anten
+
t song song vi nhau trn mt mt phng
Nguyn l hot ng
+
Tn s kch thch l f
0
: Chn t l
0
=
0
/2 ng vai tr chn t ch ng (tr
khng vo thun tr = 73,1O)
+
Cc chn t khc c thnh phn in khng, gi tr ph thuc di so vi
chn t cng hng
+
Tip in so le, cc chn t pha trc (l < l
0
) tho mn iu kin ca chn t
hng x, cc chn t pha sau (l > l
0
) tho mn iu kin chn t phn x.
+
Min bc x ca anten ch yu to bi chn t cng hng v mt vi chn
t ln cn.
\
|
=
n
f
f
f f
n
n
n
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B MN: V TUYN KHOA VIN THNG 1
Trang 173
Bi tp chng 5
5.7 Cu hi v bi tp
13. Mt chn t i xng c chiu di ton b 50 cm, cng tc tn s 300 MHz.
Xc nh chiu di hiu dng ca n?
(a) 32 cm; (b) 35 cm; (c) 40 cm; (d) 45 cm;
14. S liu nh bi 13, xc nh in tr bc x ca chn t?
(a) 70,1 O; (b) 73,1O; (c) 80,1O; (d) 83,1O;
15. S liu nh bi 13, xc nh tr khng vo ca chn t?
(a) 65,1 O; (b) 70,1O; (c) 73,1O; (d) 80,1O;
16. in tr bc x ca chn t vng dt c gi tr bng bao nhiu?
(a) 210 O; (b) 250 O; (c) 292 O; (d) 310 O;
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Trang 174
ANTEN GC M
CHNG 6
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Trang 175
Ni dung chng 6:
6.2 Nguyn l bc x mt
6.6 Anten vi di
6.7 Cu hi v bi tp
NI DUNG
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B MN: V TUYN KHOA VIN THNG 1
Trang 176
c im anten gc m
Nguyn l chung
b mt tr thnh ngun bc x th cp
c im
Bi ton
+
Ming anten c din tch S, trn cc thnh phn trng phn b theo quy
lut
+
t anten trong h ta vi trc z trung vi phng vecto php tuyn ngoi
ca mt
6.2 Nguyn l bc x mt
M(R,u,)
R
u
y
x
z
e
S
x
H
y
E
/
2
k
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B MN: V TUYN KHOA VIN THNG 1
Trang 179
Kho st qu trnh bc x
+
Trng kch thch trn ming anten l hm s theo ta ca mt
+
Tr khng b mt
6.2 Nguyn l bc x mt
( ) ( )
( ) ,
0 0
, ,
j x y
x x x m
H i H f x y i H f x y e
= =
Trong :
- H
x
l bin phc ca vect cng t trng trn b mt bc x.
- H
0
l bin phc ca vect cng t trng ti gc ta .
- f(x,y) l hm phn b phc ca trng, trong f
m
(x,y) l hm phn b bin
cn (x,y) l hm phn b pha.
( )
,
y
s
x
E
Z x y
H
=
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B MN: V TUYN KHOA VIN THNG 1
Trang 180
Kho st qu trnh bc x
+
p dng nguyn l dng mt tng ng phn tch bc x b mt
-
Mt dng in mt
-
Mt dng t mt
+
Mt bc x l tng l phng, cc thnh phn tip tuyn ca trng ng
bin v ng pha
6.2 Nguyn l bc x mt
( )
.
e e
s x y y x
J n H J i H = = =
( )
.
m m
s y x x y
J n E J i E = = =
( )
( )
, 1
, 0
m
f x y
x y
=
=
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B MN: V TUYN KHOA VIN THNG 1
Trang 181
Kho st qu trnh bc x
+
Chn z trng vi phng truyn ti ca sng kch thch, vi hai thnh phn
+
Trng hp ny ta c
6.2 Nguyn l bc x mt
0 y x
E E i E = =
0 x x
H H i H = =
0
0
0
x
y
s
x
H H
E
E
Z
H H
=
= =
Sng phng
kch thch
u
y
x
z
e
S
Hnh 6.15
H
E
n
k
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B MN: V TUYN KHOA VIN THNG 1
Trang 182
Cu to
Nguyn l hot ng
M t loa hnh nn
6.3 Anten loa
z
Ming loa
2|
0
L
2R
0
R
C loa
O
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B MN: V TUYN KHOA VIN THNG 1
Trang 184
Nguyn l
+
Nng lng cao tn n c loa dng sng phng.
+
Sng phn k theo thn loa ti ming loa.
+
Ti ming loa nng lng sng bc x ra khng gian vi dng sng cu.
+
Chn gc m thch hp
+
th tnh hng
6.3 Anten loa
( )
2
0
2
0,15
2, 4
R
R
>
u
=0
0
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B MN: V TUYN KHOA VIN THNG 1
Trang 185
Nguyn l
Anten Parabol
Cu to
+
B bc x s cp: S dng anten chn t i xng hoc anten loa. V tr t
ti tiu im parabol.
+
Mt phn x: Hnh parabol trn xoay vi h s phn x cao.
6.4 Anten gng
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B MN: V TUYN KHOA VIN THNG 1
Trang 187
Nguyn l hot ng
+
Tnh cht quan hc gng parabol
FO + OO = FA + AB = f + h = Const.
+
Cc tia sau khi phn x i n ming gng vi qung ng nh nhau, do
ti ming gng mt sng l mt phng.
6.4 Anten gng
A
O
B
F
+
+
0
+
0
F
O
A
f
a)
b)
O
h
d
z
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B MN: V TUYN KHOA VIN THNG 1
Trang 188
Cc tham s
+
th tnh hng
6.4 Anten gng
0 dB
3 dB
Bp chnh
Cc bp ph
Bp
ngc
G
180
0
- 180
0
0
2u
1/2
3 1
2
21
2
dB
fd
u u = =
3 1
2
70
2
dB
d
u u = =
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Cc tham s
+
H s tnh hng, h s khuych i
6.4 Anten gng
2
2
4 S d
D
| |
= =
|
\ .
t q t
2
2
4 S d
G
| |
= =
|
\ .
t q t
q
( ) 4 , 20 lg 20 lg 20 dBi D + + =
GHz m
f d
( ) ( )
( ) 20lg 20lg 10lg 20, 4
m GHz
G dBi d f q = + + +
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Anten Gregorial
6.4 Anten gng
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Trang 192
Cu to:
+
Khe hp trn thnh ng n sng hoc hc cng hng
+
Chiu di bng na bc sng cng tc
Hot ng
+
Quan h dng p
+
Trng bc x
6.5 Anten khe
E
e
x
z
e
/2
y
( ) ( ) 2 2
m
day khe khe
I bE z U z = =
2 sin
2
m
day bkhe
l
I U z
| |
=
|
\ .
kl kl
os os os
2 2
sin
kl kl
os os os
2 2
sin
ikr bkhe
ikr bkhe
c c c
U
E i e
r
c c c
U
H i e
Z r
u
u
t u
u
t u
( | |
| (
\ .
( =
(
(
( | |
| (
\ .
( =
(
(
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Trang 193
th bc x
6.5 Anten khe
z
x
u
a)
y
x
b)
Hnh 6.16. th phng hng ca khe na
sng a) mt phng H; b) mt phng E
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Anten vi di in hnh
6.6 Anten vi di
B mt in
mi
Ming ng
ch nht
Mt ni t
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Anten vi di ch nht
Cu to
6.6 Anten vi di
Hnh 6.23. Cu to anten vi di ch nht
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Anten vi di ch nht
Hot ng
+
Tn s lm vic
+
Trng bc x
+
Hm tnh hng
6.6 Anten vi di
0 0
1
2 2
= =
c
r r
c
f
L L c c c
sin sin
sin
2
cos sin cos cos
sin sin
2
2
sin sin
sin
2
cos sin cos cos sin
sin sin
2
2
| |
|
| |
\ .
=
|
\ .
| |
|
| |
\ .
=
|
\ .
kZ
kL
E
kZ
kZ
kL
E
kZ
u
u
u
u
u
u u
u
( )
2 2
, = + f E E
u
u
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Anten vi di ch nht
Hot ng
+
th bc x
6.6 Anten vi di
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Bi tp chng 6
6.7 Cu hi v bi tp
6. Mt anten parabol ng knh 5m c hiu sut lm vic 0,65 lm vic ti tn s 6GHz. Tm din tch mt m hiu
dng ca anten
(a) 12,76 m
2
; (b) 13,76m
2
; (c) 14,76m
2
; (d) 15,75m
2
7. S liu nh bi 6, tm h s khuch i ca anten.
a ) 45,1dBi; (b) 46,1dBi; (c) 47,1dBi; (d) 48,1dBi
8. S liu nh bi 6, xc nh rng bp sng chnh.
a ) 0,5
0
; (b) 0,7
0
; (c) 1,5
0
; (d) 1,7
0
9. Mt anten parabol ng knh 3m c hiu sut lm vic 0,55 lm vic ti tn s 2GHz. Tm din tch mt m hiu
dng ca anten.
a ) 2,9 m
2
; (b) 3,5 m
2
; (c) 3,9 m
2
; (d) 4,5 m
2
10. S liu nh bi 9, tm h s khuch ica anten.
a ) 33,4dBi; (b) 35,4dBi; (c) 37,4dBi; (d) 39,4dBi
11. S liu nh bi 9, xc nh rng bp sng chnh.
a ) 2,5
0
; (b) 3,0
0
; (c) 3,5
0
; (d) 3,7
0
12. Mt anten gng parabol c h s khuch i l 50 dBi, hiu sut lm vic 60%. Tnh gc na cng sut.
a ) 0,44
0
; (b) 0,54
0
; (c) 0,64
0
; (d) 0,74
0
13. Mt anten c gc na cng sut bng 2
0
. Xc nh h s khuch i khi bit hiu sut lm vic ca anten l 55%.
a ) 30,2dBi; (b) 35,2dBi; (c) 38,2dBi; (d) 40,2dBi
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Bi tp chng 6
6.5 Cu hi v bi tp
14. Mt anten pht c h s khuch il 40 dBi, anten c cng sut pht l bao nhiu anten thu gng parabol c
ng knh ming gng 0,9 m; hiu sut lm vic 0,55 t cch anten pht 50 km nhn c cng sut 70 dBW.
Gi thit sng truyn trong khng gian t do.
a ) 0,5 mW; (b) 0,5 W; (c) 0,9 mW; (d) 0,9W
15. Anten gng parabol c h s khuch il 40 dBi, hiu sut lm vic 60%, lm vic ti tn s 4GHz.Tnh ng
knh ming gng.
a ) 3,08 m; (b) 3,28 m; (c) 3,58 m; (d) 3,78 m
16. S kiu nh bi 15, tnh rng bp sng u
3dB
.
a ) 1,5
0
; (b) 1,7
0
; (c) 2,5
0
; (d) 2,7
0
17. Mt anten pht c h s khuch il 30 dBi, cng sut pht ca anten l 5W. c ly 50 km t mt anten thu
gng parabol c ng knh ming gng 1,5m. Tnh cng sut anten thu nhn c.
a ) 1,13 pW; (b) 1,13W; (c) 1,13 mW ; (d) 1,13 W
18. S liu nh bi 17, tnh tn hao truyn sng trong khng gian t do khi truyn t anten pht n anten thu.
a ) 60,45dB; (b) 63,45dB; (c) 65,45dB; (d) 66,45dB
19. Mt anten gng parabol c h s khuch i l 30 dBi, hiu sut lm vic 60%. Tnh gc na cng sut.
a ) 4,38
0
; (b) 5,38
0
; (c) 6,38
0
; (d) 7,38
0
20. Mt anten c gc na cng sut bng 1,2
0
. Xc nh h s khuch i khi bit hiu sut lm vic ca anten l 55%.
a ) 35,7dBi; (b) 40,7dBi; (c) 42,7dBi; (d) 45,7dBi
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K THUT ANTEN
CHNG 7
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Ni dung chng 7:
7.3 M rng di tn
7.6 Tp m anten
7.7 Cu hi v bi tp
NI DUNG
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Phng php tn s
S h thng
Hng bc x cc i
+
Nu sng bc x v trong phido cng tn s
7.2 Tng hp th phng hng
My pht
Phn t bc x
H dn sng
Ti hp th
d
l
( )
0
1 2
. 0, 1, 3,...
2
cos
KN
M
S
F n
l
n n
d d
u o t
u
t
= =
| |
= + + =
|
\ .
0
2
. ;
.
2
cos
S S
M
k
l
n
d d
t
u
t
= =
| |
= + +
|
\ .
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Trang 203
S h thng
7.2 Tng hp th phng hng
H thng bc x
Tia 1
u vo
H thng phn phi nh pha
Tia 2
Tia n
uMn
Hnh 7.2. H thng phn phi nh pha loi 1
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Nguyn l kt cu t b
7.3 M rng di tn
1
1
Hnh 7.5. V d cu trc anten t b
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Trang 206
c im
+
Tr khng khng phi hp: 73,1O v 300 hoc 600 O
+
Cn to cc ng dy song hnh tr khng thp
7.5 Cp in cho chn t i xng
276 2
lg
o
r
D
Z
d
=
c
D l khong cch gia hai dy dn tnh t tm
d l gn knh ca dy dn
c
r
l h s in mi tng i ca mi trng bao
quanh dy dn
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A
A
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Trang 209
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Chn t vng dt
+
L chn t kiu T vi im AA u mt chn t
+
Gm hai chn t na sng vi u mt c ni vi nhau, mt chn t c
cp in v mt chn t b ngn mch
+
Bc x tng t vi hai chn t na sng
+
Tr khng l thun tr
+
Cp in trc tip bng dy song hnh tr khng 300O
7.5 Cp in cho chn t i xng
/2
A A
+
_
C A A
C
Hnh 5.21. Chn t vng dt v mch tng ng
'
4 292
bx bx
R R = = O
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Cp in bng cp ng trc
+
S dng cho bng sng cc ngn
+
Dng trong dy dn trong v dng trong dy dn ngoi
+
Khng th cp in i xng cho chn t
Cp in phi hp hnh I
+
m bo tnh i xng tng i
+
im O ni vi dy n ngoi
+
Dy dn trong ni vi im c tr khng ph hp vi tr khng ca cp
7.5 Cp in cho chn t i xng
I
1
I
2
I
2
I
1
I
2
I
2
(a)
a
b
O
(b)
a
b
O
Hnh 5.23. Cp in trc tip Hnh 5.24. Cp in c b phi hp
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Cp in bng cp ng trc
Tng quan
Cng sut tp m
7.6 Tp m anten
d
O
Chn t
Vt th hp
th
Mt phn
x
R
Z
c
Hnh 7.14. in tr R ni ti u vo anten
( ) ( )
2
2 2
2
2
2
.
1 . 1 .
1
l l
n g A
e e k f
P T T T
L
o o
| |
I A
= I I + |
|
I
\ .
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Bi tp chng 7
7.7 Cu hi v bi tp
1. Trnh by phng php tn s iu khin th phng hng
2. Trnh by phng php pha iu khin th phng hng
3. Trnh by vic thit lp anten di rng theo nguyn l t b
4. Trnh by vic thit lp anten di rng theo nguyn l tng t
5. Trnh by phng php iu chnh phn b dng in gim nh kch thc anten
6. Trnh by nguyn tc phng php lm chm sng gim kch thc anten
8. Trnh by bin php cp in cho chn t i xng bng dy song hnh.
9.Trnh by bin php cp in cho chn t i xng bng thit b bin i i xng
dng on cp ch U.
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ANTEN TRONG THNG TIN
V TUYN TIN TIN
CHNG 8
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Ni dung chng 8:
8.5 Cu hi v bi tp
NI DUNG
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Pht/thu c hng
+
Hng thng tin xc nh
+
Tn hao truyn sng rt ln
8.1 Gii thiu
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Yu cu vi anten
Bp sng ph nh
H s bo v ln
Bi tp chng 8
8.5 Cu hi v bi tp
1. Trnh by cc khi nim tng quan v khng tng quan trong cc cu hnh a anten
2. Trnh by cc li ch ca s dng cc k thut a anten
3. Trnh by cc k thut a an ten thu
4. Trnh by nguyn l phn tp anten pht
5. Trnh by nguyn l phn tp tr v phn tp tr vng
6. Trnh by nguyn l phn tp theo m khng gian thi gian
7. Trnh by nguyn l phn tp theo m khng gian tn s
8. Trnh by nguyn l c s ca ghp knh khng gian
9. Trnh by nguyn l ghp knh khng gian da trn b tin m ha
10. Trnh by nguyn l x l thu khng tuyn tnh
11. Trnh by c im, cc thng s c bn ca anten UWB
12. Trnh by nguyn l DBF da trn cc i SIR
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KT LUN
*
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Ni dung c bn
1. Chng 1: Cc vn chung v truyn sng
Tnh cht ca sng in t; Cc phng php truyn lan sng;
Qu trnh truyn lan sng trong khng gian t do
2. Chng 2: Truyn lan sng cc ngn
Truyn lan trong iu kin l tng; Truyn lan trong iu kin thc
3. Chng 3: Knh truyn sng v tuyn
c tnh knh truyn sng; Phadinh; Cc m hnh knh
4. Chng 4: L thuyt chung v anten
Cc tham s ca anten; Cc ngun bc x nguyn t
5. Chng 5: Anten chn t
Trng bc x ca chn t i xng;
Anten chn t n, anten nhiu chn t
6. Chng 6: Anten gc m
Nguyn l bc x mt; Anten loa, anten gng, anten khe
KT LUN
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Ni dung c bn
7. Chng 7: K thut anten
Tng hp th phng hng
M rng di tn, thit lp anten di rng
Gim nh kch thc anten
Cc tham s, phng php cp in cho chn t i xng
8. Chng 8: Anten trong thng tin v tuyn tin tin
Anten thng minh
K thut a anten
Anten cho UWB
KT LUN
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Trang 224