VI.

TNH CHN THIT B MCH NG LC

Vic tnh chn thit b c mt ngha rt quan trng c v mt k thut v
kinh t.Vic tnh chn cng chnh xc, t m bao nhiu th h thng lm vic cng
an ton by nhiu. Hn na, vic tnh chn thit b chnh xc cn nng cao c
hiu sut ca h thng. Nu tnh chn thiu chnh xc th h thng c th lm vic
km cht lng hoc khng lm vic c. V vy, vic tnh chn thit b phi p
ng c cc yu cu sau:
- V mt k thut phi m bo yu cu cng ngh v cc thng s ph hp
vi thit b.
- V mt kinh t, cc thit b c chn trong khi tho mn cc yu cu k
thut phi m bo c chi ph mua sm hp l.
1. Chn ng c truyn ng
liu ban u: - Lc n dao:
ad
= 600
- c n dao: V
ad
= 0,049-470 m/ph = 8,2.10
-4
-7,83 m/s
n knh qui i: (=v/) = 0,049 m
Hiu sut: = 0.8
Moomen qun tnh c cu J, kgs
2
]
s liu cho ta tnh c
- ng sut n dao ca my tin:
P
ad
=F
ad
.V
ad
.10
-3
=600.7,83.10
-3
= 4,7 kW
- c quay ca ng c cn thit

; n =

nn n =

57 vngpht
Vy chn ng c chiu kch t c lp c cc thng s
- ng sut nh mc
m
=6,5 kW
- c nh mc: n
m
=1550 vng pht
- in p nh mc
m
=220 V
- ng in nh mc I
m
= 35A
- in tr phn ng:

,364
- i cc: p
- Hiu sut ,8
c thng s c bn cn li ca ng c.
- Vn tc gc v t thng nh mc:

m
=

= 162,3 rad/s
K
m
=

=1,28 Wb
- Mmen nh mc v ngn mch:
Mmen in t ca ng c ch nh mc, b qua tn hao c v st t
th c th coi: M M
c
M
t
K
m
.I
m
= 1,28.35 = 44,8(Nm)
Dng in ngn mch ca dng c: I
nm
= U
m
/R

= 220/0,364=604,4 A
Mmen ngn mch: M
nm
K
m
.I
nm
= 1,28.604,4= 773,6(Nm)
2.Tnh chn van ng lc
Hai thng s quan tm nht khi chn van bn dn cho chnh lu l in p
v dng in, cc thng s cn li l nhng thng s tham kho khi la chn.
Khi p ng c hai thng s c bn trn cc thng s cn li c th
tham kho theo gi sau:
- Loi van no c st p nh hn s c tn hao nhit t hn.
- ng in r ca loi van no nh hn th cht lng tt hn.
- Nhit cho php ca loi van cao hn th kh nng chi nhit tt hn
- in p v dng in iu khin ca loi van no nh hn, cng sut
iu khin thp hn.
- Loi van no c thi gian chuyn mch b mch b hn s nhy hn. uy
nhin, trong a s cc van bn dn, thi gian chuyn mch thng t l
nghch vi tn hao cng sut.
c van ng lc c lc c la chn da vo cc yu t c bn l:
ng ti, s chn, iu khin ta nhit, in p lm vic. c thng s c
bn ca van ng lc c tnh nh sau:
- in p ngc ca van:
U
lv
= k
nv
.U
2
vi
2
=
u
d
K
U
=

=94,02 (V)
rong : + k
nv
,45 l h s in p ngc (so vi in p xoay chiu)
+ k
u
,34 l h s in p ti chnh lu c iu khin hnh tia 3 pha i
xng
+ U
d
V l in p ti

lv
= 2,45.94,02 = 230,3(V)
- c th chn van theo in p hp l th in p ngc ca van cn phi
chn ln hn in p lm vic qua h s d tr k
dtU
. H s chn ln hn ,6.
y chn k
dt
U = 2
U
lvvan
= k
dtU
. U
lv
= 2 .230,3 = 460,6 (V).
- ng in lm vic ca van c tnh theo dng hiu dng:
I
lv
= I
hd
= k
hd
.I
d
= 0,82.35 = 28,7 (A)
rong : + I
d
= 35A l dng in ti
+ k
hd
= 0,82 l h s hiu dng (c tra t bng . sch nh ton thit
k thit b in t cng sut ca tc gi rn Vn hnh).
- hn h s d tr dng in trn k
i
=4
I
lvvan
= k
i
.I
lv
= 4. 28,56 = 114,24(A)
thng s
nv
, I
dm
tnh c v theo bng ph lc (sch Tnh ton thit
k thit b in t cng sut ca tc gi Trn Vn Thnh) ta chn 6 ristor loi
2N3422 sn xut c cc tham s sau:
+ in p ngc cc i:
n
= 600 V
+ ng in ng mc ca van: I
dm
= 125A
+ Dng in xung iu khin: I
dk
= 0,3A
+ in p ca xung iu khin:
dk
= 3 V
+ ng in r: I
r
= 75 mA
+ t p ln nht ca iristor trng thi dn l: U
max
=1,8V
+ hi gian chuyn mch : t
cm
= 25 s
+ Nhit lm vic cc i cho php:
max
= 125
0
C
3.Tnh ton my bin p chnh lu
- My bin p c t ni dy /Y
- My bin p c chn theo iu kin:
+ S
mba

tt

+ I
fm
I
1dm
+ I
fm
I
2dm
+ U
2fdm
k
u
.k
r
.k

.k
a
.U
dm

- Tnh cng sut biu kin my bin p:
S
ba
= k
s
.P
dmax
(KVA)
rong : k
s
= 1,05 l h s cng sut theo s mch ng lc (tra bng . sch
nh ton thit k thit b in t cng sut ca tc gi rn Vn hnh).
- hng trnh cn bng in p khi c ti
U
do
.cos= U
d
+.
v
+
ba
+
dn

rong : -
v
= 1,8V l st p trn mi iristor
-
ba
l st p trn my bin p, chn
ba
= 6% U
m
=0,06.220 =13,2V
-
dn
l st p trn in tr dy ni, c th b qua,
dn

hn
min
=10
o
d tr khi c suy gim in li
U
do
=

= 240,45 V
ng sut ti a ca ti
P
dmax
= U
d0
.I
d
= 240,45.35 = 8415,75W l cng sut cc i ca ti.
Vy: S
ba
= k
s
.P
dmax
,5.845,75 8836,54W 8,836(KVA)
Vy ta chn cng sut thit k ca my l:
ba
= 10(KVA)
- in p s cp my bin p (MA):
1f
= U
li
38(V) do s cp u
- in p pha th cp ca my bin p c chn theo biu thc:
2f
=

(V)
ta tnh c in p pha th cp ca my bin p l:
U
2f
=

= 102,6(V)
- hn gi tr hiu dng ca dng pha th cp MA:
I
2
=k
2
.I
d
=

.35= 28,6(A)
rong : k
2
l h s dng in hiu dng th cp, vi cu 3 pha th k
2
=

- Gi tr hiu dng ca dng pha s cp ca MA:
I
1
= k
ba
.I
2
=

.I
2
=

.28,6 = 7,73(A)
- Tit din tr ca li thp my bin p
Q
fe
= k
Q
.

= 5.

= 40,8cm
2

- S vng dy ca mi cun s cp: Chn B= 1 Tesla
W
1
=

= 420 vng
- S vng dy ca mi cun th cp: Chn B= 1 Tesla
W
1
=

= 113 vng
- hn dy n bng ng, tit din trn, c mt dng in chy trong dy dn
l J Amm
2

- it din dy qun s cp
S
Cu1
=

= 3,865 mm
2
- ng knh dy qun s cp
d
1
=

= 4,92 mm
- it din dy qun th cp
S
Cu2
=

= 14,3 mm
2
- ng knh dy qun th cp
d
2
=

= 4,27mm
4.Tnh chn cun hng cn bng
5. Tnh chn thit b mch bo v