Ứng Dụng Matlab Mô Phong Mạch Điện Điện Tử - Trần Thu Hà & Hồ Đắc Lộc

ng dung matlab mo phong mach ien va ien t
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TRAN THU HA HO AC LOC HUYNH CHAU DUY

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MUC LUC

Li noi au Trang

Phan I: LAP TRNH CAN BAN VI MATLAB...................................................... 6

Chng 1: Gii thieu s lc ve MATLAB.................................................................. 6
Chng 2: Cac lenh c ban trong MATLAB................................................................ 13
Chng 3: Cac toan t va cac ky t ac biet ................................................................ 20
Chng 4: Cac ham logic.............................................................................................. 24
Chng 5: Lap trnh trong MATLAB ........................................................................... 27
Chng 6: Cac lenh x ly chuoi ................................................................................... 31
Chng 7: Cac ham giao tiep ....................................................................................... 35
Chng 8: Cac ham toan hoc c ban ............................................................................ 39
Chng 9: Cac lenh thao tac tren ma tran .................................................................... 43
Chng 10: Cac phep tnh ai so .................................................................................. 52
Chng 11: o hoa trong MATLAB ............................................................................ 58

Phan II: MOT SO V DU NG DUNG LAP TRNH TRONG MATLAB.............. 67

Tai lieu tham khao .112

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CHNG I
GII THIEU S LC VE MATLAB

1.1. Gii thieu s lc ve MATLAB
MATLAB la mot chng trnh do cong ty "The MATHWORKS" viet cho may tnh ca
nhan nham ho tr cho cac tnh toan ky thuat tng ng vi cac phan t c ban la ma tran.
MATLAB la t viet tat cua MATRIX va LABORATORY. Chng trnh nay hien
ang c s dung nhieu trong nghien cu cac van e lien quan en bai toan k thuat nh:
Ly thuyet mach ien ien t, Ly thuyet ieu khien t ong, Khao sat va phan tch cac che
o lam viec cua cac thiet b ien va he thong ien, Ky thuat thong ke xac suat, X ly so tn
hieu, Phan tch d lieu, D bao chuoi quan sat, v.v
MATLAB c ieu khien thong qua cac tap lenh. No cung cho phep lap trnh vi cu
phap thong dch lenh con goi la Script file hay M file vi phan m rong la *.m. Cac lenh
hay cac tap lenh cua MATLAB len en hang ngan va ngay cang c m rong bi cac
TOOLS BOX hay cac ham ng dung c xay dng t ngi s dung. MATLAB co hn 49
TOOLS BOX e tr giup cho viec khao sat nhng van e co lien quan ma a c e cap.
MATLAB 3.5 tr xuong hoat ong trong moi trng MS-DOS.
MATLAB 4.0, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3 hoat ong trong moi trng WINDOWS.
Hien tai a co MATLAB version 6.1. MATLAB co the chay lien ket vi cac chng
trnh ngon ng cap cao nh C, C++, Fortran, Viec cai at MATLAB that de dang va ta can
chu y viec dung them vao cac th vien tr giup hay muon lien ket phan mem nay vi mot
vai ngon ng cap cao khac.
1.2. Hng dan cai at MATLAB
e cai at MATLAB, ta tien hanh cac bc sau:
1. at a CD cai at MATLAB vao o a CD-Rom may tnh cua ban. Chng trnh se t
ong cai at va cac giao dien cai at lan lt xuat hien nh sau:

Hnh 1.1.Giao dien cai at MATLAB

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2. Chng trnh cai at xuat hien ra mot thong bao va tiep tuc nhan Next e tiep tuc qua
trnh cai at.

Hnh 1.2.Thong bao xac nhan viec cai at chng trnh

3. Chng trnh yeu cau chung ta nhap vao CD key cho chng trnh cai at. Sau o, tiep tuc
nhan Next e tiep tuc.

Hnh 1.3.Giao dien nhap vao CD key cho chng trnh cai at

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4. Neu CD key cua chung ta la ung. Chng trnh se hien ra mot thong bao. Khi ay, chung
ta nhan Yes e tiep tuc.

Hnh1.4.Thong bao khi CD key nhap vao la ung

5. Tiep tuc, chng trnh yeu cau chung ta nhap vao cac thong tin cua ngi s dung, sau khi
nhap ay u vao chung ta nhan Next e tiep tuc :

Hnh 1.5.Giao dien nhap vao cac thong tin cua ngi s dung

6. Ke en, MATLAB yeu cau chung ta la chon cac phan can cai at.
Lu y: trong bc nay oi vi cac may tnh ca nhan cua chung ta phan ln khong chay
mang. Do o, chung ta nen bo qua 2 tuy chon o la:
Matlab Runtime Server
Matlab Web Server
Sau khi chon xong, nhan Next e tiep tuc.

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Hnh 1.6. Giao dien thiet lap cac tuy chon cai at

7. Sau khi hoan thanh cac bc tren, MATLAB bat au cai at chng trnh vao may tnh.

Hnh 1.7. Giao dien hien th qua trnh cai at

8. Sau khi cai at chng trnh xong, MATLAB se xuat hien mot thong bao va chung ta nhan
Finish e hoan thanh qua trnh cai at, khi ay may tnh se c khi ong lai.

1.3. Gii thieu giao dien cua MATLAB

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Khi ong MATLAB
Tren he ieu hanh Windows, e khi ong MATLAB, ta nhap oi vao bieu tng
MATLAB tren ca so man hnh nen cua ban.

Sau khi khi ong MATLAB, ca so man hnh MATLAB c m ra nh hnh 1.9.
Gii thieu giao dien cua MATLAB

Hnh 1.9.Ca so giao dien cua MATLAB

O Vung ma click vao e xem cac tai lieu hng dan, cac demo va cac cong cu cua
MATLAB
O Click vao e co c s giup s dung cua MATLAB
O Vung a cac lenh vao cho MATLAB thc thi.
O Vung click vao e xem hoac thay oi th muc hien tai
O Vung click vao e di chuyen ca so Command Window ra ngoai ca so man hnh giao
dien
O Click vao e ong ca so Command Window
O Xem hoac s dung cac ham a c s dung cac lan chay chng trnh trc.
O
O O
O O
O
O O
O

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O S dung cac Tab e i en cac ca so Workspace hoac ca so th muc hien tai.
O Re chuot vao e thay oi kch thc cua ca so giao dien MATLAB.

Giao dien ca so soan thao chng trnh
Vao File chon New/M-file e m giao dien soan thao chng trnh MATLAB.

Hnh 1.10. Chon file soan thao M-file
Khi ay ca so sau se xuat hien:

Hnh 1.11. Giao dien ca so soan thao chng trnh

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Sau khi soan thao chng trnh xong, chung ta se lu tap tin nay lai di dang file co
phan m rong la *.m bang cach vao File chon Save As

Hnh 1.12.Lu tap tin *.m
Thoat khoi MATLAB
Sau khi lam viec xong muon thoat khoi MATLAB, chung ta vao File chon Exit
MATLAB hoac click vao dau x goc phai man hnh.

Hnh 1.13. Thoat khoi MATLAB

ng dung matlab mo phong mach ien - ien t
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CHNG II
CAC LENH C BAN TRONG MATLAB
2.1. Bien trong MATLAB
Ten cac bien trong MATLAB co the dai 19 k t bao gom cac ch cai, cac ch so
cung nh mot vai k t ac biet khac nhng luon phai bat au bang mot ch cai.
Bnh thng, MATLAB co s phan biet cac bien c tao bi cac ch cai thng va
ch cai hoa. Noi chung, cac lenh trong MATLAB thng s dung cac ch cai thng.
2.2. Thc hien lenh trong MATLAB
MATLAB in ra ket qua t moi lenh do ngi s dung nhap vao tai dau nhac. Ngoai
ra, khi muon thc hien cung mot luc nhieu lenh, muon thay oi gia tr cua mot hoac nhieu
bien MATLAB cho phep chung ta tap hp cac lenh o vao mot text file. Sau o, thc hien
viec m text file nay ra va thc thi no. Nhng file nay chnh la cac script file hay M file vi
phan m rong la *.m.
2.3. Cac lenh c ban
Lenh ans
a) Chc nang:
La bien cha ket qua mac nh.
b) Giai thch
Khi thc hien mot lenh nao o ma cha co bien cha ket qua, th MATLAB lay bien
ans lam bien cha ket qua o.
c) V du
>> 9-1
ans =
8
>>
Lenh clock
a) Chc nang
Thong bao ngay gi hien tai.
b) Cu phap
c = clock
Chu y
e thong bao de oc ta dung ham fix.

Giai thch ket qua: MATLAB thong bao Nam 2003 thang 4 ngay 21, 18 gi 5 phut 37
giay
Lenh computer
a) Chc nang
Cho biet he ieu hanh cua may vi tnh ang s dung Matlab.
b) Cu phap
computer
[c,m] = computer
Vi
c - cha thong bao he ieu hanh cua may.
m - so phan t cua ma tran ln nhat ma may co the lam viec c vi MATLAB
c)V du
>> c=clock
c =
1.0e+003 *
2.0030 0.0040 0.0210 0.0180 0.0050
0.0273
>> c=fix(clock)
c =
2003 4 21 18 5 37
>>

c)V du
[c,m]=computer
c =
PCWIN
m =
2.1475e+009

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Lenh date
a) Chc nang
Thong bao ngay thang nam hien tai
b) Cu phap
s = date
Lenh cd
a) Chc nang
Chuyen oi th muc lam viec.
b) Cu phap
cd
cd diretory
cd ..
Vi
cd cho biet th nuc hien hanh.
diretory ng dan en th muc muon lam viec.
cd .. chuyen en th muc cap cao hn mot bac.
Lenh clc
a) Chc nang
Xoa ca so lenh.
b) Cu phap
clc
Lenh clear
a) Chc nang
Xoa cac e muc trong bo nh.
b) Cu phap
clear
clear name
clear name1 name2 name3
clear functions
clear variables
clear mex
clear global
clear all
Vi
clear xoa tat ca cac bien khoi vung lam viec.
clear name xoa cac bien hay ham c ch ra trong name.
clear functions xoa tat ca cac ham trong bo nh.
clear variables xoa tat ca cac bien ra khoi bo nh.
clear mex xoa tat ca cac tap tin .mex ra khoi bo nh.
clear xoa tat ca cac bien chung.
clear all xoa tat ca cac bien, cac ham va cac tap tin .mex khoi bo nh.
Lenh nay lam cho bo nh trong hoan toan.

Lenh delete
a) Chc nang
Xoa tap tin va oi tng o hoa.

c)V du
>> s=date
s =
21-Apr-2003
>>
c)V du
clc, for i: 25, home, A = rand(5),
end.

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b) Cu phap
delete filename
delete (n)
Vi
file name ten tap tin can xoa.
n bien cha oi tng o hoa can xoa. Neu oi tng la mot ca so th
ca so se ong lai va b xoa.
Lenh demo
a) Chc nang
Chay cac chng trnh mac nh cua MATLAB.
b) Cu phap
demo
Vi
demo la chng trnh co san trong MATLAB. No minh hoa mot so chc nang
cua MATLAB.
Lenh diary
a) Chc nang
Lu vung thanh file tren a.
b) Cu phap
diary filename
Vi
filename: ten cua tap tin.
Lenh dir
a) Chc nang
Liet ke cac tap tin va th muc.
b) Cu phap
dir
dir name
Vi
dir liet ke cac tap tin va th muc co trong th muc hien hanh.
dir name ng dan en th muc can liet ke.
Lenh disp
a) Chc nang
Trnh bay noi dung cua bien (x) ra man hnh
b) Cu phap
disp (x)
Vi
x la ten cua ma tran hay la ten cua bien cha chuoi ky t, neu trnh bay trc tiep
chuoi ky t th chuoi ky t c at trong dau
c) V du
>> text=('Cac lenh co ban trong MATLAB')
text =
Cac lenh co ban trong MATLAB
>> disp(text)
Cac lenh co ban trong MATLAB
>> matrix=[2 0 0 3]

matrix =
2 0 0 3
>> disp(matrix)
2 0 0 3
>>

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Lenh echo
a) Chc nang
Hien th hay khong hien th dong lenh ang thi hanh trong file *.m.
b) Cu phap
echo on
echo off
Vi
on hien th dong lenh.
off khong hien th dong lenh.

Lenh FORMAT
a) Chc nang
nh dang kieu hien th cua cac con so.

Cu phap Giai thch V du
Format short Hien th 4 ch so sau dau
cham
3.1416
Format long Hien th 14 ch so sau dau
cham
3.14159265358979
Format rat Hien th dang phan so cua
phan nguyen nho nhat
355/133
Format + Hien th so dng hay am +

Lenh help
a) Chc nang
Hng dan cach s dung cac lenh trong MATLAB.
b) Cu phap
help
help topic
Vi
help hien th van tat cac muc hng dan.
topic ten lenh can c hng dan.
Lenh home
a) Chc nang
a con tro ve au vung lam viec.
b) Cu phap
home

Lenh length
a) Chc nang
Tnh chieu dai cua mot vect.
b) Cu phap
l = length (x)
Vi
l bien cha chieu dai
vect.
c)V du
Tnh chieu dai cua vect x.
>> x = [0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9]
x =
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
>> l = length (x)
l =
10
>>

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Lenh load
a) Chc nang
Nap file t a vao vung lam viec.
b) Cu phap
load
load filename
load filename
load finame.extension
Vi
load nap file matlap.mat
load filename nap file filename.mat
load filename.extension nap file filename.extension
Tap tin nay phai la tap tin dang ma tran co ngha la so cot cua hang di phai bang
so cot cua hang tren. Ket qua ta c mot ma tran co so cot va hang chnh la so cot va hang
cua tap tin van ban tren.
Lenh lookfor
a) Chc nang
Hien th tat ca cac lenh co lien quan en topic.
b) Cu phap
lookfor topic
Vi
topic ten lenh can c hng dan.
Lenh pack
a) Chc nang
Sap xep lai bo nh trong vung lam viec.
b) Cu phap
pack
pack filename
Vi
Neu nh khi s dung MATLAB may tnh xuat hien thong bao Out of memory th
lenh pack co the tm thay mot so vung nh con trong ma khong can phai xoa bt cac bien.
Lenh pack giai phong khong gian bo nh can thiet bang cach nen thong tin trong
vung nh xuong cc tieu. V MATLAB quan ly bo nh bang phng phap xep chong nen cac
oan chng trnh MATLAB co the lam cho vung nh b phan manh. Do o se co nhieu vung
nh con trong nhng khong u e cha cac bien ln mi.
Lenh pack se thc hien:
lu tat ca cac bien len a trong mot tap tin tam thi la pack.tmp.
xoa tat ca cac bien va ham co trong bo nh.
lay lai cac bien t tap tin pack.tmp.
xoa tap tin tam thi pack.tmp.
Ket qua la trong vung nh cac bien c gop lai hoac nen lai toi a nen khong b
lang ph bo nh.
Pack.finame cho phep chon ten tap tin tam thi e cha cac bien. Neu khong ch ra
ten tap tin tam thi th Matlab t lay ten tap tin o la pack.tmp.
Neu a dung lenh pack ma may van con bao thieu bo nh th bat buoc phai xoa bt
cac bien trong vung nh i.

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Lenh path
a) Chc nang
Tao ng dan, liet ke tat ca cac ng dan ang co.
b) Cu phap
path
p = path
path (p)
Vi
path liet ke tat ca cac dng dan ang co.
p bien cha ng dan.
path (p) at ng dan mi.
Lenh quit
a) Chc nang
Thoat khoi MATLAB
b) Cu phap
quit
Lenh size
a) Chc nang
Cho biet so dong va so cot cua mot ma tran.
b) Cu phap
d = size (x)
[m,n] = size (x)
m = size (x,1)
n = size (x,2)
Vi
x ten ma tran.
d ten vect co 2 phan t, phan t th nhat la so dong, phan t con lai la so cot.
m,n bien m cha so dong, bien n cha so cot
c) V du
Ta co ma tran x
x = 1 2 3 4
5 6 6 8
>> x=[1 2 3 4;5 6 7 8]
x =
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
>> d=size(x)
d =
2 4
>> m=size(x,1)
m =
2

Lenh type
a) Chc nang
Hien th noi dung cua tap tin.

>> n=size(x,2)
n =
4
>> [m,n]=size(x)
m =
2
n =
4
>>

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b) Cu phap
type filename
Vi
filename ten file can hien th noi dung.
Lenh nay trnh bay tap tin c ch ra.
Lenh what
a) Chc nang
Liet ke cac tap tin *.m, *.mat, *.mex.
b) Cu phap
what
what dirname
Vi
what liet ke ten cac tap tin .m, .mat, .mex co trong th muc hien hanh.
dirname ten th muc can liet ke.
Lenh which
a) Chc nang
Xac nh chc nang cua funname la ham cua MATLAB hay tap tin.
b) Cu phap
which funname
Vi
Funname la ten lenh trong MATLAB hay ten
tap tin
Lenh WHO, WHOS
a) Chc nang
Thong tin ve bien ang co trong bo nh.
b) Cu phap
who
whos
who global
whos global
c) Giai thch
who liet ke tat ca cac ten bien ang ton tai trong bo nh.
whos liet ke ten bien, kch thc, so phan t va xet cac phan ao co
khac 0 khong.
who global va whos liet ke cac bien trong vung lam viec chung.
Cac phm chc nang ac biet

Ctrl + P hoac
Ctrl + n hoac
Ctrl + f hoac
Ctrl + b hoac
Ctrl + l hoac Ctrl +
Ctrl + r hoac Ctrl +
Ctrl + a hoac HOME
Ctrl + k
Goi lai lenh va thc hien trc o t cua so lenh cua
MATLAB
Goi lai lenh a anh vao trc o
Chuyen con tro sang phai mot k t
Chuyen con tro sang trai mot k t.
Chuyen con tro sang phai mot t
Chuyen con tro sang trai mot t
Chuyen con tro ve au dong.
Xoa cho en dong cuoi cung
c)V du
which inv
inv is a build-in
function
which f
c:\matlab\bin\f.m

Trang 20
CHNG III
CAC TOAN T VA KY T AC BIET

3.1. Cac toan t so hoc
Toan t Cong dung
+ Cong ma tran hoac ai lng vo hng (cac ma tran phai co cung kch
thc).
- Tr ma tran hoac ai lng vo hng (cac ma tran phai co cung kch thc).
* Nhan ma tran hoac ai lng vo hng (ma tran 1 phai co so cot bang so
hang cua ma tran 2).
.* Nhan tng phan t cua 2 ma tran hoac 2 ai lng vo hng (cac ma tran
phai co cung kch thc).
\ Thc hien chia ngc ma tran hoac cac ai lng vo hng (A\B tng
ng vi inv (A)*B).
.\ Thc hien chia ngc tng phan t cua 2 ma tran hoac 2 ai lng vo hng
(cac ma tran phai co cung kch thc).
/ Thc hien chia thuan 2 ma tran hoac ai lng vo hng (A/B tng ng
vi A*inv(B)).
./ Thc hien chia thuan tng phan t cua ma tran nay cho ma tran kia (cac ma
tran phai co cung kch thc).
^ Luy tha ma tran hoac cac ai lng vo hng.
.
^ Luy tha tng phan t ma tran hoac ai lng vo hng (cac ma tran phai co
cung kch thc).

V du:
Phep tnh ma tran Phep tnh mang
1
x 2
3
4
y 5
6
x 1 2 3 y 4 5 6
5
x + y 6
7
-3
x y -3
-3
3
x + 2 4
5
-3
x 2 -3
-3

X * y phep toan sai
4
x. * y 10
18
X* y 32 x.* y phep toan sai
4 5 6
x * y 8 10 12
12 15 18

x. * y phep toan sai
2
x * 2 4
6
2
x.* 2 4
6

Trang 21

X \ y 16/7
4
x.\ y 5/2
2
1/2
2 \ x 1
3/2
2
2./ x 1
2/3
0 0 1/6
x / y 0 0 1/3
0 0 1/2
1/4
x./ y 2/5
1/2
1/2
x / 2 1
3/2
1/2
x./ 2 1
3/2

X ^ y phep toan sai
1/2
x.^ y 32
729

X ^ 2 phep toan sai
1
x.^ 2 4
9

2 ^ x phep toan sai
2
2.^ x 4
8

3.2. Cac toan t quan he
Toan t Cong dung
< So sanh nho hn.
> So sanh ln hn.
>= So sanh ln hn hoac bang.
<= So sanh nho hn hoac bang.
= = So sanh bang nhau ca phan thc va phan ao.
-= So sanh bang nhau phan ao.
Cac toan t quan he thc hien so sanh tng thanh phan cua 2 ma tran. Chung tao ra
mot ma tran co cung kch thc vi 2 ma tran so sanh vi cac phan t la 1 neu phep so sanh
la ung va la 0 neu phep so sanh la sai.
Phep so sanh co che o u tien sau phep toan so hoc nhng tren phep toan logic.
V du
Thc hien cac phep so sanh sau:
>> x=5
x =
5
>> x>=[1 2 3;4 5 6;7 8 9]
ans =
1 1 1
1 1 0
0 0 0
>>>> x=A
x =

Trang 22
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
>>
>> x==A
ans =
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
>>

3.3. Cac toan t logic

Toan t Cong dung
& Thc hien phep toan logic AND.
| Thc hien phep toan logic OR.
~ Thc hien phep toan logic NOT.
Ket qua cua phep toan la 1 neu phep logic la ung va la 0 neu phep logic la sai.
Phep logic co che o u tien thap nhat so vi phep toan so hoc va phep toan so sanh.
V du
Khi thc hien phep toan 3>4 & 1+ th may tnh se thc hien 1+2 c 3, sau o ti 3>4
c 0 roi thc hien 0 & 3 va cuoi cung ta c ket qua la 0.
3.4. Cac ky t ac biet

Ky hieu Cong dung
[] Khai bao vector hoac ma tran.
() Thc hien phep toan u tien, khai bao cac bien va cac ch so cua
vector.
= Thc hien phep gan.
Chuyen v ma tran tm lng lien hiep cua so phc.
. iem cham thap phan.
, Phan biet cac phan t cua ma tran va cac oi so trong dong lenh.
; Ngan cach gia cac hang khi khai bao ma tran.
% Thong bao dong chu thch.
! M ca so MS DOS.

Dau : tao vector hoac ma tran phu va lap i lap lai cac gia tr.

Khai bao Cong dung
b)V du
Khi khai bao D = 1 : 10
Ta c ket qua:
D = 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Con khi khai bao D = 0 : 2 :10
Th ta c ket qua:D = 0 2 4 6 8 10

Trang 23
j : k Tao ra chuoi j, j+1, j+2,., k-1, k
j : i : k Tao ra chuoi j, j+i, j+2I,.,k-i, k
A(: , j) Ch cot th j cua ma tran A
A(i , :) Ch hang th i cua ma tran
A(: , :) Ch toan bo ma tran A
A(j , k) Ch phan t A(j), A(j+1)A(k)
A(: , j , k) Ch cac phan t A(:, j), A(:, j+1)A(:, k)
A(:) Ch tat ca cac thanh phan cua ma tran A

Trang 20
CHNG IV
CAC HAM LOGIC
Lenh all
a) Chc nang
Kiem tra vector hay ma tran co gia tr 0 hay khong.
b) Cu phap
y = all(x)
Vi
y bien cha ket qua
x ten vedtor hay ma tran
y = 1 khi tat ca cac phan t khac 0
y = 0 khi co 1 phan t bang 0
c) V du
>>a=[1 2 3]
a =
1 2 3
>>y=all(a)
y =
1
>>a=[1 0 3]
a =
1 0 3
>>y=all(a)
y = 0
>>a=[1 2 3;4 0 6;7 8 9]
Lenh any
a) Chc nang
Kiem tra vector hay ma tran co gia tr khac 0 hay khong.
b) Cu phap
y = any(x)
Vi
y bien cha ket qua.
x ten vector, hay ma tran.
y = 1 khi co 1 phan t khac 0.
y = 0 khi co 1 phan t bang 0.
c) V du
>>a=[1 2 3];
>>y=any(a)
y =
1
>>b=[1 0 3 0];
>>y=any(b)
y = 1

a =
1 2 3
4 0 6
7 8 9
>>y=all(a)
y = 1 0 1
>>a=[1 2 0;0 3 5;2 6 8]
a =
1 2 0
0 3 5
2 6 8
>>y=all(a)
y = 0 1 0
>>c=[1 2 0 4;0 2 0 4;1 2 3 4;3 4
5 6]
c =
1 2 0 4
0 2 0 4
1 2 3 4
3 4 5 6
>>y=any(c)

y =
1 1 1 1
>>d=[0 0 0 0;0 1 3 0]
d =
0 0 0 0
0 1 3 0
>>y=any(d)
y =
0 1 1 0

Trang 21
Lenh exist
a) Chc nang
Kiem tra bien hay file co ton tai hay khong.
b) Cu phap
e = exist(item)
Vi
item la ten file hay ten bien.
e bien cha gia tr tra ve.

E Y ngha
0 item khong ton tai trong vung lam viec
1 item la bien ang ton tai trong vung lam viec
2 item ang ton tai tren a (ch kiem tra trong th muc hien
hanh)
3 item la MEX-file
4 item la file c dch t phan mem Simulink
5 item la ham cua MATLAB
c) V du
e = exist(dir)
e = 5
Lenh FIND
a) Chc nang
Tm phan t trong vector hay ma tran theo yeu cau.
b) Cu phap
k = find(x)
[i,j] = find(x)
[i,j,s] = find(x)
Vi
k ch v tr cua phan t can tm trong vector.
i,j ch so hang va so cot tng ng cua phan t can tm.
s cha gia tr cua phan t can tm.
x ten vector, ma tran hay la yeu cau e ra. Neu khong neu ra yeu cau th mac
nhien la tm cac phan t khac 0.

c) V du
>>x=[1 8 0 2 3 0]
x =
1 8 0 2 3 0
>>k=find(x)
k =
1 2 4 5
>>k=[3 6]
k =
3 6
>>a=[5 0 0;8 0 3]

Trang 22

a =
5 0 0
8 0 3
>>[i,j,k]=find(a)
i =
1
2
2

j =
1
1
3
k =
5
8
3

Trang 23
CHNG V
LAP TRNH TRONG MATLAB

Lenh eval
a) Chc nang
Chuyen oi chuoi ky t thanh bieu thc.
b) Cu phap
kq = eval(string)
Vi
kq bien cha ket qua.
Neu string la cac ky so th chuyen thanh nhng con so.
Neu string la cau lenh th chuyen thanh cac lenh thi hanh c.
Lenh for
a) Chc nang
Dung e thc hien 1 cong viec can lap i lap lai theo mot quy luat, vi so bc lap xac
nh trc.
b) Cu phap
for bien ieu khien = gia tr au : gia tr cuoi,
thc hien cong viec;
end
Vi
Cong viec chnh la cac lenh can thi hanh, co the co nhieu lenh, ket thuc lenh phai co
dau;
c) V du
In ra man hnh 5 dong co noi dung nh sau: LAP TRINH TRONG MATLAB.
oan chng trnh thc hien theo yeu cau v du:
for i = 1:5,
disp(LAP TRINH TRONG MATLAB);
end
Ket qua:
LAP TRINH TRONG MATLAB

Lenh function
a) Chc nang
Tao them ham mi.
b) Cu phap
function s = n(x)
Vi
s ten bien cha gia tr tra ve sau khi thi hanh ham.
n ten gi nh.

c)V du
>>a='199999999';
>>eval(a)+1
ans =
200000000

Trang 24
Lenh input
a) Chc nang
Dung e nhap vao 1 gia tr.
b) Cu phap
ten bien = input (promt)
ten bien = input (promt, s)
Vi
ten bien la ni lu gia tr ngap vao.
promt chuoi ky t muon nhap vao.
s cho biet gia tr nhap vao la
nhieu ky t.
Lenh if elseif else
a) Chc nang
Thc hien lenh khi thoa ieu kien.
b) Cu phap
if bieu thc luan ly 1
thc hien cong viec 1;
elseif bieu thc luan ly 2
else
end
Khi bieu thc luan ky 1 ung th thc hien cong viec 1 tng t cho bieu thc luan ly 2.
Neu ca hai bieu thc sai th thc hien cong viec sau lenh else.
Bieu thc luan ly la cac phep so sanh ==, <, >, <=, >=
Cong viec la cac lenh can thi hanh, co the co nhieu lenh, ket thuc lenh phai co dau;
c) V du
Viet chng trnh nhap vao 2 so va so sanh hai so o.
oan chng trnh minh hoa cho lenh if elseif else
a = input(Nhap a: );
b = input(Nhap b: );
if a > b
disp(a lon hon b);
elseif a ==b
disp(a bang b);
else
disp(a nho hon b);
end
Ket qua:
>>
Nhap a: 4
Nhap b: 5
a nho hon b

c)V du:
oan chng trnh minh hoa cho
lenh input
x = input(nhap gia tri cua bien
x: )
nhap gia tri cua bien x:
x = 5

Trang 25
Lenh menu
a) Chc nang
Tao menu e chon chc nang.
b) Cu phap
ten bien = menu (Ten menu,chc nang1,chc nang2, . , chc nang n)
Vi
ten menu la tieu e cua menu.
ten bien la ni cat gia tr nhan c sau khi chon chc
nang cua menu.
chc nang 1, 2, .,n khi chon chc nang nao th ten bien
co gia tr la so th t cua chc nang o.
c) V du
oan chng trnh minh hoa cho lenh menu
k = menu(Chon mot mau, Do, Xanh, Vang)
---- Chon mot mau ----
1.Do
2.Xanh
3.Vang
Lenh pause
a) Chc nang
Dng chng trnh theo y muon.
b) Cu phap
pause on
pause off
pause (n)
Vi
pause on dng chng trnh, va ch nhan 1 phm bat ky (tr cac phm ieu
khien) chng trnh thc hien tiep.
pause off tat chc nang pause.
pause (n) dng chng trnh tai n giay.
c) V du
oan chng trnh minh hoa cho lenh for
for n = 1 : 3;
disp(Nhan mot phim bat ky de tiep tuc )
pause
end
Ket qua:
Nhan mot phim bat ky de tiep tuc

Lenh while
a) Chc nang
Dung e thc hien 1 cong viec can lap i lap lai theo mot quy luat, vi so bc lap
khong xac nh, phu thuoc vao bieu thc luan ly.

Trang 26
b) Cu phap
while bieu thc luan ly
thc hien cong viec;
end
Vi
Bieu thc luan ly la cac phep so sanh = =, <, >, <=, >=
Cong viec la cac lenh can thi hanh, co the co nhieu lenh, ket thuc lenh phai co dau ;
Khi thc hien xong cong viec th quay len kiem tra lai bieu thc luan ly, neu van con
ung th tiep tuc thc hien, neu sai th ket thuc.
c) V du
Tnh tong A = 1+1/2+1/3++1/n
oan chng trnh c viet theo yeu cau cua v du:
n = input(Nhap vao mot so n: );
a = 0; i = 1
while i <= n
a = a + 1/i
i = i + 1;
end
disp(Ket qua);
disp(a);

Ket qua:
>>
Nhap vao mot so n: 3
ket qua
1.8333

Trang 31
CHNG VI
CAC LENH X LY CHUOI
Lenh abs
a) Chc nang
Tao vector n co gia tr cua moi phan t la so th t tng ng vi ky t trong
bang ma ASCII.
Lay tr tuyet oi cua mot so am.
b) Cu phap
n = abs(s)
x = abs(a)
Vi
n ten vector.
s chuoi ky t, hoac la ten bien cha chuoi ky t.
a so am, hoac la ten bien cha so am.
x tr tuyet oi cua a.
c) V du
>> n=abs('Cac lenh xu ly chuoi')
n =
Columns 1 through 13
67 97 99 32 108 101 110 104 32 120 117 32 108
Columns 14 through 20
121 32 99 104 117 111 105
>>
>> T=abs('abc')
T =
97 98 99
>>
>> N=abs(-1)
N =
1
>>

Lenh blanks
a) Chc nang
Tao khoang trang gia hai hay nhieu chuoi ky t theo mong muon.
b) Cu phap
[S1 BLANKS(b1) S2 BLANKS(b2) BLANKS(bn) Sn]
Vi
S1, S2, Sn cac chuoi ky t.
b1, b2 so khoang trang.

c) V du
In 4 chuoi Lap trinh,ung dung, MATLAB, trong tinh toan he thong dien ra man
hnh vi khoang cach lan lt gia 4 chuoi la: 2,4,3
S=['Lap trinh'blanks(2) 'ung dung'blanks(4) 'MATLAB'blanks(3) 'trong tinh toan he
thong dien']

Trang 32
S = Lap trinh ung dung MATLAB trong tinh toan he thong dien

Lenh dec2hex
a) Chc nang
oi con so cua he 10 sang he 16.
b) Cu phap
s = dec2hex(n)
Vi
s bien cha chuoi ky so cua he 16
n con so nguyen he 10.
Lenh hex2dec
a) Chc nang
oi chuoi ky so cua he 16 sang con so cua he 10.
b) Cu phap
n = hex2dec(s)
Vi
n con so cua he 10.
s chuoi ky so he 16.
Lenh int2str
a) Chc nang
Chuyen so nguyen sang dang chuoi.
Chuyen cac ky t trong mot chuoi sang so th t tng ng trong bang ma ASCII.
b) Cu phap
kq = INT
Vi
kq bien str(n)cha ket qua.
n ten bien can chuyen.
Neu n la so nguyen th kq la chuoi ky so.
Neu n la chuoi ky t th kq la so tng ng trong bang ma ASCII
c) V du
>>n='MATLAB'
n =
MATLAB
>>t=int2str(n)
t =
77 65 84 76 65 66

Lenh isstr
c)V du
s = dec2hex(10)
s = A

c)V du
n = hex2dec(A)
n = 10
>>n=2001
n =
2001
>>t=int2str(n)
t =
2001

c)V du
>>n='MATLAB';
>>kq=isstr(n)
kq =
1
>>m=[1 2 3 4];
>>kq=isstr(m)
kq =

Trang 33
a) Chc nang
Kiem tra noi dung bien co phai la chuoi ky
t khong.
b) Cu phap
kq = isstr(n)
Vi
n ten bien can kiem tra.
kq 1 neu n la chuoi ky t.
0 neu n khong la chuoi ky t.
Lenh lower
a) Chc nang
Cho ra chuoi ky t viet thng.
b) Cu phap
b = lower(s)
Vi
b bien cha ket qua.
s ten bien cha chuoi ky t hay chuoi ky t.

Lenh num2str
a) Chc nang
Chuyen so thc sang dang chuoi.
Chuyen cac ky t trong mot chuoi sang so th t tng ng trong bang ma ASCII.
b) Cu phap
kq = num2tr(n)
Vi kq bien cha ket qua.
n ten bien can chuyen.
Neu n la so thc th kq la so tng ng trong bang ma ASCII.
c) V du
>>n=3.1416;
>>kq=num2str(n)
kq =
3.1416

Lenh setstr
a) Chc nang
Cho ra ky t tng ng vi so th t trong bang ma
ASCII.
b) Cu phap
x = setstr(n)
Vi x bien cha ky t tng ng (thuoc
bang ma ASCII).
n so nguyen (0 n 255).

0
c)V du
>>a='CAC lENh Xu lY CHuOi';
b=lower(a)
b =
cac lenh xu ly chuoi

c)V du
Tm ky t co so th t la 65 trong
bang ma ASCII.
>>kt=setstr(65)
kt =
A

Trang 34
Lenh str2mat
a) Chc nang
Tao ma tran co cac phan t
dang chuoi.
b) Cu phap

s = str2mat(s1, s2, )
Vi s ten ma tran ket
qua.
s1, s2 chuoi ky t.

Lenh str2num
a) Chc nang
Chuyen chuoi (dang so) sang so thc.
b) Cu phap
n = str2num(s)
Vi s chuoi dang so.
n so thc.

Lenh strcmp
a) Chc nang
So sanh 2 chuoi ky t.
b) Cu phap
l = strcmp(s1, s2)
Vi
l bien cha ket qua.
s1, s2 chuoi can so sanh.

Lenh upper
a) Chc nang
Chuyen mot chuoi thanh chuoi c viet
hoa.

b) Cu phap
b = upper
Vi b bien cha ket qua.
s ten bien cha chuoi ky t.
c)V du
>>s = str2mat(mat, lab)
>>s =
mat
lab

c)V du
>>n = str2num(456456)
>>n = 456456

c)V du
>>a = MatLab WoRkS
>>b = MatLab WoRkS
>>strcmp(a,b)
>>ans = 1

c)V du
>>a = MaTlab WORks
>>b = upper(a)
>>b = MATLAB
>>b = upper(MaTlab WORks)
>>b= MATLAB WORKS

Trang 35
CHNG VII
CAC HAM GIAO TIEP

Lenh fclose
a) Chc nang
ong file ang m sau khi truy xuat xong.
b) Cu phap
fclose(fid)
Vi
fid ten bien tro en file ang m.
Lenh fopen
a) Chc nang
M file hoac truy xuat d lieu cua file ang m.
b) Cu phap
fid = fopen(fn)
fid = fopen(fn, p)
Vi
fid ten bien tro en file ang m.
fn ten file (co the at ng dan).
Tham so p co cac nh dang sau:
r ch oc.
r+ oc va ghi.
w xoa tat ca noi dung cua file hoac tao 1 file mi va m file
o e ghi.
w+ xoa tat ca noi dung cua file hoac tao 1 file mi va m file
o e ghi va oc.

Lenh fprintf
a) Chc nang
Ghi oan d lieu thanh file.
b) Cu phap
fprintf(fid, f)
Vi
fid ten bien tro en file
can ghi.
f cac tham so e nh
dang.

c)V du
Tao file exp.txt co noi dung:
x = 0:2:10;
y = [x, x/2];
fid = fopen(exp.txt, w);
fprintf(fid, %d, [2, inf]);

Gan file exp.txt va bien a e xem noi dung:
fid = fopen(exp.txt)
a = fscanf(fid, %d, [2,inf]);
disp(a);
fclose(fid);
Ket qua
0 2 4 6 8 10
0 1 2 3 4 5

Trang 36
Lenh fread
a) Chc nang
oc d lieu dang nh phan t file.
b) Cu phap
[a, c] =fscanf(fid)
[a, c] = fscanf(fid,s)
Vi
a ten bien cha d lieu c oc vao.
c so phan t c oc vao.
fid ten bien tro en file can oc.
s kch thc d lieu oc vao, s c nh dang bi cac thong so:
n ch oc n phan t vao cot vector a.
inf oc en het file.
[m,n] ch oc vao m cot va n hang, n co the bang inf con m th khong.
c) V du1
File vd.txt co noi dung:
A B C
1 2 3
fid = fopen(vd.txt);
[a,c] = fread(fid);
disp(a);
disp(c);
a = 65
32
66
32
67
13
10
49
32
50
32
51
c =
12
fid = fopen(vd1.txt);
[a,c] = fread(fid, 4);
disp(a);
disp(c);
a= 65
32
66
32
c =
4

Trang 37

Lenh fwrite
a) Chc nang
Ghi oan d lieu dang nh phan thanh file.
b) Cu phap
fwrite (fid,a)
Vi
fid ten bien tro en file can ghi.
a ten bien cha d lieu.

Lenh sprintf
a) Chc nang
Hien th thong tin len man hnh.
b) Cu phap
s = sprintf(ts,ds)
Vi
s bien cha chuoi so hien th tren man hnh.
ts cac tham so nh dang.
ds danh sach cac oi so.
Tham so nh dang thuoc 1 trong 2 kieu sau:
Chuoi ky t: chuoi nay se c hien th len man hnh giong het nh c viet trong cau lenh.
Chuoi cac tham so nh dang: cac chuoi nay se khong c hien th len man hnh, nhng tac
dung ieu khien viec chuyen oi va cach hien th cac oi so c a ra trong danh sach cac
oi so.
V du cac tham so nh dang:
1) %d: oi so la so nguyen c viet di dang thap phan.
s = sprintf(ay la so: %d,-24)
s = ay la so: -2
2) %u: oi so la so nguyen c viet di dang thap phan khong dau.
s = sprintf(ay la so: %u,24)
s = ay la so: 24
3) %o: oi so la so nguyen c viet di dang c so 8 khong dau.
s = sprintf(ay la so: %o,9)

s = ay la so: 11
4) %x: oi so la so nguyen c viet di dang c so 16.
c)V du
Ghi oan d lieu cua bien a thanh file
a.txt
a = [65 66 67]
fid = fopen(a.txt, w);
fwrite(fid, %);
fwite(fid,a);

Gan file a.txt vao bien b e xem noi
dung
fid = fopen(a.txt);
b = fscanf(fid, %);
disp(b);
fclose(fid);

Ket qua
b = ABC

Trang 38
s = sprintf(ay la so: %x,255)
s = ay la so:ff
5) %f: oi so la so nguyen c viet di dang cp so 10.
s = sprintf(ay la so: %f,255)
s = ay la so: 255.000000
e nh dang phan thap phan th them vao con so cha so thap phan can lay.
s = sprintf(ay la so: %.3f, 2.5568)
s = ay la so: 2.557
6) %c: oi so la 1 ky t rieng ac biet.
s = sprintf(ay la ch: %c,M)
s = ay la ch: M
7)%s: oi so la chuoi ky t.
s = sprintf(ay la chuoi: %s, Matlab)
s = ay la chuoi: Matlab

Lenh sscanf
a) Chc nang
oc chuoi ky t va nh dang lai chuoi ky t o.
b) Cu phap
[a,count] = sscanf(s, format, size)
Vi
a ten bien cha chuoi ky t sau khi
c nh dang.
count em so phan t c oc vao.
size kch thc se c oc vao.
format phan nh dang

c)V du
s = 3.12 1.2 0.23 2.56;
[a, count] = sscanf(s, %f,3)
a =
3.1200
1.2000
0.2300
count =
3

Trang 39

CHNG VIII
CAC HAM TOAN HOC C BAN

Mot so ham lng giac
Cu phap
kq = hlg(x)
Vi
kq ten bien cha ket qua.
x n v radian.
hlg ten ham lng giac.

Ten ham lng giac Giai thch
Sin
cos
tan
asin
atan
sinh
cosh
tanh
Tnh gia tr sin
Tnh gia tr cosin
Tnh gia tr tang
Nghch ao cua sin
Nghch ao cua tang
Tnh gia tr hyperbolic sin
Tnh gia tr hyperbolic cosin
Tnh ga tr hyperbolic tang

Lenh angle
a) Chc nang
Tnh goc pha cua so phc.
b) Cu phap
p = angle(z)
Vi
p ten bien cha ket qua, n v radians
z so phc

Lenh ceil
a) Chc nang
Lam tron so ve pha so nguyen ln
hn.
b) Cu phap
y = ceil(x)
Vi
y so sau khi c lam tron.
x so can c lam tron.

c)V du
>> z = 0 - 2.0000i
z =
0 - 2.0000i
>> p = angle(z)
p =
-1.5708
c)V du
>> x =[ -1.9000 -0.2000
3.4000 5.6000 7.0000]
x =
-1.9000 -0.2000 3.4000
5.6000 7.0000
>> y = ceil(x)
y =
-1 0 4 6 7
>>

Trang 40

Lenh conj
a) Chc nang
c dung e tnh lng lien hiep cua
mot so phc.
b) Cu phap
y = conj(z)
Vi
y ten bien cha lng lien hiep
z so phc

Lenh exp
a) Chc nang
c dung e tnh gia tr cua e
x
.

b) Cu phap
y = exp(x)

Lenh FIX
a) Chc nang
Lam tron so ve pha zero.
b) Cu phap
y = fix(x)
Vi
y so sau khi c lam tron.
x so can c lam tron.

Lenh floor
a) Chc nang
Lam tron so ve pha so nguyen nho hn.
b) Cu phap
y = floor(x)
Vi
y so sau khi c lam tron .
x so can c lam tron

Lenh imag
a) Chc nang
Lay phan ao cua so phc.
b) Cu phap
y = imag(z)
c)V du
>> z = 0 - 1.0000i
z =
0 - 1.0000i
>> y = conj(z)
y =
0 + 1.0000i
>>
c)V du:
>> x=1
x =
1
>> y=exp(x)
y =
2.7183
>>
c)V du
>> x =[ -1.9000 -0.2000 3.4000
5.6000 7.0000]
x =
-1.9000 -0.2000 3.4000 5.6000 7.0000
>> y = fix(x)
y =
-1 0 3 5 7
>>
c)V du
>> x = [-1.9000 -0.2000 3.4000
5.6000 7.0000]
x =
-1.9000 -0.2000 3.4000 5.6000
7.0000
>> y = floor(x)
y =
-2 -1 3 5 7
>>
c)V du
>> y = imag(2 + 3j)
y =
3
>>

Trang 41

Lenh log
a) Chc nang
c dung e tm logarithm c so e.
b) Cu phap
y = log(x)

Lenh log2
a) Chc nang
c dung e tm logarithm c so 2.
b) Cu phap
y = log2(x)

Lenh log10
a) Chc nang
c dung e tm logarithm c so 10.
b) Cu phap
y = log10(x)

Lenh real
a) Chc nang
c dung e lay phan thc cua so phc.
b) Cu phap
y = real(z)

Lenh REM
a) Chc nang
Cho phan d cua phep chia.
b) Cu phap
r = rem(a,b)
Vi
r bien cha ket qua
a, b so chia va so b chia

Lenh round
a) Chc nang
Lam tron so sao cho gan so nguyen
nhat.
b) Cu phap
y = round(x)

d)V du
>> y = log(2.718)
y =
0.9999
c)V du
>> y = log2(2)
y =
1
>>
c) V du
>> y = log10(10)
y =
1
>>
c)V du
>> y = real(1 + 3j)
y =
1
>>
c)V du
>> r = rem(16, 3)
r =
1
>>
c)V du
>> x = [-1.9000 -0.2000
3.4000 5.6000 7.0000]
x =
-1.9000 -0.2000 3.4000 5.6000
7.0000
>> y = round(x)
y =
-2 0 3 6 7
>>

Trang 42
Bang so sanh cua cac phep lam tron so
X -1.9000 -0.2000 3.4000 5.6000 7.0000
ceil(x) -1 0 4 6 7
floor(x) -2 -1 3 5 7
fix(x) -1 0 3 5 7
Round(x) -2 0 3 6 7

Lenh sign
a) Chc nang
c dung e xet dau cho mot so thc.
b) Cu phap
y = sign(x)
Vi
x so thc can xet dau.
y ket qua tra ve.
y x
0 so 0
1 so dng
-1 so am

Lenh sqrt
a) Chc nang
c s dung e tnh can bac hai cua mot
so.
b) Cu phap
y = sqrt(x)

c)V du
>> x = [2 0 -3 0.5]
x =
2.0000 0 -3.0000 0.5000
>> y = sign(x)
y =
1 0 -1 1
>>
c)V du
>> x = 4
x =
4
>> y = sqrt(x)
y =
2
>>

Trang 43
CHNG IX
CAC LENH THAO TAC TREN MA TRAN

Cong, tr, nhan, chia tng phan t cua ma tran vi hang so
a) Cu phap
Ma tran ket qua = ma tran [+] [-] [.] [/] hang so.
b) V du
>> A= [1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9]
A =
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
>> B=A+2 % Cong ma tran A vi 2 ket qua la ma tran B
B =
3 4 5
6 7 8
9 10 11
>>
Tng t cho cac phep tnh tr, nhan va chia.
Lenh det
a)Chc nang
c dung e tnh nh thc cua ma tran.
b) V du
Tnh nh thc cua ma tran A
>> A= [1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9]
A =
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
>> det(A)
ans =
0

Lenh diag
a) Chc nang
c dung e tao ma tran mi va x ly ng cheo theo quy c.

b) Cu phap
v = diag(x)
v = diag(x,k)
Vi

Trang 44
x la vector co n phan t.
v la ma tran c tao ra t x theo quy tac: so hang bang so cot va cac phan t
cua x nam tren ng cheo cua v.
k tham so nh dang cho v, so hang va cot cua v = n + abs(k).
Neu k = 0 ng cheo cua v chnh la cac phan t cua x
Neu k > 0 cac phan t cua x nam pha tren ng cheo v
Neu k < 0 cac phan t cua x nam pha di ng cheo v

c) V du
>> X=[2 1 9 5 4]
X = 2 1 9 5 4
>> V=diag(X)
V =
2 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0
0 0 9 0 0
0 0 0 5 0
0 0 0 0 4
>> W=diag(X,2)
W =
0 0 2 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 9 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 5 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 4
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Lenh eye
a) Chc nang
Tao ma tran n v.
b) Cu phap
y = eye(n)
y = eye(n,m)
Vi
n tao ma tran co n hang, n cot.
m, n tao ma tran co m hang, n cot.

>> Z=diag(X,0)
Z =
2 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0
0 0 9 0 0
0 0 0 5 0
0 0 0 0 4
>> Y=diag(X,-2)
Y =

0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 9 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 5 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 4 0 0
>>
c)V du
>> y = eye(3)
y =
1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1
>> y = eye(3,5)
y =
1 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0
>>

Trang 45
Lenh fliplr
a) Chc nang
Chuyen cac phan t cua cac ma
tran theo th t cot ngc lai.
b) Cu phap
b = fliplr(a)
Vi
b ten ma tran c chuyen
oi.
a ten ma tran can chuyen
oi.

Lenh flipud
a) Chc nang
Chuyen cac phan t cua ma tran theo th t
hang ngc lai.
b) Cu phap
b = flipud(a)
Vi
b ten ma tran c chuyen oi.
a ten ma tran can chuyen oi.

Lenh inv
a) Chc nang
Tm ma tran nghch ao.
b) Cu phap
Ma tran nghch ao = inv (ma tran)
c) V du
Tm ma tran nghch ao cua A.

>> A = [ 1 2 0
2 5 -1
4 10 -1]

Lenh tao ma tran
a) Chc nang
Dung e tao 1 ma tran gom co n hang va m cot.
b) Cu phap
Ten ma tran = [a
11
a
12
a
1m
; a
21
a
22
a
2m
;;]
Vi
a
11
, a
12
, a
1m
la cac gia tr tai hang 1 cot 1 en cac gia tr tai hang 1 cot m, co n dau (;) la
co n hang.
c) V du
c)V du
>> A =[0 1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9]
A =
0 1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9
>> B = fliplr(A)
B =
4 3 2 1 0
9 8 7 6 5
>>
c)V du
>> A = [1 4
2 5
3 6]
A =
1 4
2 5
3 6
>> B = flipud(A)
B =
3 6
2 5
1 4
>>

A =
1 2 0
2 5 -1
4 10 -1

>> B = inv(A)
B =
5 2 -2
-2 -1 1
0 -2 1
>>

Trang 46
Tao ma tran gom 3 hang va 3 cot vi gia tr la
1 2 3
4 5 6
1 0 0
>> A = [1 2 3; 4 5 6; 1 0 0]

Lenh tao vector n
a) Chc nang
Lenh nay dung e tao 1 vector n gom co n phan t.
b) Cu phap
1. Ten vector = [pt1 pt2 pt3 ptn]
Vi
pt1 pt2 ptn la cac so thc.
2. Ten vector = gtd:csc:gtkt
Vi
gtd gia tr bat au cua vector.
csc cap so cong.
gtkt gia tr ket thuc.
c) V du
Tao vector A gom co 4 phan t, vi cac gia tr la:1, 3, 7, 4
>> A = [1 3 7 4]
A =
1 3 7 4
>>
Tao vector a co gia tr bat au 0,2; gia tr ket thuc pi/2 (= 1,5708); cap so cong 0,3.
>> A = (0.2:0.3:pi/2)
A =
0.2000 0.5000 0.8000 1.1000 1.4000
>>
Lenh linspace
a) Chc nang
Tao vector co gia tr ngau nhien gii han trong khoang nh trc.
b) Cu phap
y = linspace(x1, x2)
y = linspace(x1, x2, n)
Vi
y ten cua vector.
x1, x2 gii han gia tr ln nhat va nho nhat cua vector y.
n so phan t cua vector y.
Neu khong co gia tr n th mac nh n = 100.
c) V du
>> y = linspace(1, 10, 7)
y =
1.0000 2.5000 4.0000 5.5000 7.0000 8.5000 10.0000
>>
A =
1 2 3
4 5 6
1 0 0
>>

Trang 47
y = linspace(1, 10, 7)
y = 1.0000 2.5000 4.0000 5.5000 7.0000 8.5000 10.0000

Ma tran chuyen v
a) Chc nang
Ma tran chuyen v = ma tran ang co.
b) Cu phap
Tao 1 ma tran chuyen v t 1 ma tran ang co.
c) V du
>>A = [1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9]

Lenh magic
a) Chc nang
Tao 1 ma tran vuong co tong cua cac phan t trong 1 hang, 1 cot hoac tren ng
cheo bang nhau.
b) Cu phap
Ten ma tran = magic(n)
Vi
n kch thc ma tran.
Gia tr cua moi phan t trong ma tran la mot day so
nguyen lien tuc t 1 en 2
n
.
Tong cac hang, cot va cac ng cheo eu bang nhau.

Nhan ma tran
a) Chc nang
Ma tran ket qua = ma tran 1* ma tran 2.
c) V du
Ta co 2 ma tran a va b nh tren va c la ma tran ket qua
c = a*b
c =
14 32 50
32 77 122
50 122 194

A =
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
>> B=A'
B =
1 4 7
2 5 8
3 6 9
>>

c)V du
tmt = magic(3)
tmt =
8 1 6
3 5 7
4 9 2

Trang 48
Lenh ones
a) Chc nang
Tao ma tran ma gia tr cua cac phan t la 1.
b) Cu phap
y = ones(n)
y = ones(m,n)
Vi
y ten ma tran.
n tao ma tran co n hang

Lenh pascal
a) Chc nang
Tao ma tran theo quy luan tam giac Pascal.
b) Cu phap
pascal (n)
Vi
n la so hang (cot)

Lenh rand
a) Chc nang
Tao ma tran ma ket ma gia tr cua cac
phan t la ngau nhien.
b) Cu phap
y=rand(n)
y = rand(m,n)
Vi
y ten ma tran.
n tao ma tran co n hang, n
cot.
Gia tr cua cac phan t nam trong khoang [0
1]

c)V du
>> y = ones(3)
y =
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
>> y = ones(3,5)
y =
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
>>
c)V du
>> pascal(4)
ans =
1 1 1 1
1 2 3 4
1 3 6 10
1 4 10 20
>>
c)V du
>> y = rand(3)
y =
0.9501 0.4860 0.4565
0.2311 0.8913 0.0185
0.6068 0.7621 0.8214
>>
>> y = rand(3,5)
y =
0.4447 0.9218 0.4057 0.4103
0.3529
0.6154 0.7382 0.9355 0.8936
0.8132
0.7919 0.1763 0.9169 0.0579
0.0099>>

Trang 49
Lenh reshape
a) Chc nang
nh dang lai kch thc ma tran.
b) Cu phap
b = reshape(a,m,n)
Vi
b ma tran c nh dang lai.
a ma tran can c nh dang.
m, n so hang va so cot cua b.
Ma tran a phai co so phan t la: m*n.

Lenh rot90
a) Chc nang
Xoay ma tran 90
0
.
b) Cu phap
b = rot90(a)
Vi
b ma tran a c xoay 90
0

a ma tran can xoay.

Lenh trace
a) Chc nang
Tnh tong cac phan t cua ng cheo ma tran.
b) Cu phap
d = trace(a)
Vi
d bien cha ket qua.
a ten ma tran.

Lenh tril
a) Chc nang
Lay phan na di ma tran theo hnh.
b) Cu phap
I = tril(x)
I = tril(x,k)
Vi
I ten ma tran ket qua.
k tham so.
Neu k = o lay t ng cheo tr xuong.
Neu k = n lay t ng cheo tr len n n v.
Neu k = -n lay t ng cheo tr xuong n n v.
c)V du
>> A =[1 4 7 10
2 5 8 11
3 6 9 12]
A =
1 4 7 10
2 5 8 11
3 6 9 12
>> B = reshape(A,2,6)
B =
1 3 5 7 9 11
2 4 6 8 10 12
>>
c)V du:
>> A =[1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9]
A =
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
>> B = rot90(A)

B =
3 6 9
2 5 8
1 4 7
>>

c)V du
>>A =[2 8 3
4 7 1
6 9 2]
A =
2 8 3
4 7 1
6 9 2
>> D = trace(A)
D =
11
>>

Trang 50
c) V du
>>A =[5 9 13
6 10 14
7 11 15
8 12 16]
A =
5 9 13
6 10 14
7 11 15
8 12 16
>> I = tril(A)

Lenh triu
a) Chc nang
Lay phan na tren ma tran theo hnh tam giac.
b) Cu phap
I = triu(x)
I = triu(x,k)
Vi
I ten ma tran ket qua.
k tham so

Neu k = 0 lay t ng cheo tr len.
Neu k = n lay t ng cheo tr xuong n n v.
Neu k = -n lay t ng cheo tr len n n v.
c) V du
>>A=[1 5 9 13
2 6 10 14
3 7 11 15
4 8 12 16]
A =
1 5 9 13
2 6 10 14
3 7 11 15
4 8 12 16
>> I = triu(A)

Lenh zeros
a) Chc nang
Tao ma tran ma gia tr cua cac phan t
b) Cu phap
y = zeros(n)
y = zeros(m,n)
Vi
I =
5 0 0
6 10 0
7 11 15
8 12 16
>> I = tril(A,0)
I =
5 0 0
6 10 0
7 11 15
8 12 16
>> I = tril(A,1)
I =
5 9 0
6 10 14
7 11 15
8 12 16
>> I = tril(A,-1)
I =
0 0 0
6 0 0
7 11 0
8 12 16
>>
I =
1 5 9 13
0 6 10 14
0 0 11 15
0 0 0 16
>> I = triu(A,0)
I =
1 5 9 13
0 6 10 14
0 0 11 15
0 0 0 16
>> I = triu(A,-1)

I =
1 5 9 13
2 6 10 14
0 7 11 15
0 0 12 16
>> I = triu(A,1)
I =
0 5 9 13
0 0 10 14
0 0 0 15
0 0 0 0
>>

Trang 51
y ten ma tran.
n tao ma tran co n hang va n cot.
c) V du
>> y = zeros(3)
y =
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
>> y = zeros(3,7)

y =
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
>>

Trang 52

CHNG X
CAC PHEP TNH AI SO

Lenh conv
a) Chc nang
c dung e thc hien nhan hai a thc.
b) Cu phap
c = conv(a,b)
Vi
a, b a thc
c tch so cua a, b

Cach khai bao: sap xep bien theo th t giam dan
cua luy tha.

Lenh cumprod
a) Chc nang
Thc hien viec nhan don cac phan t.

b) Cu phap
cp = cumprod (a)
Vi
cp bien cha ket qua
a ten cua ma tran hay vector.

Lenh cumsum
a) Chc nang
Thc hien viec cong don cac
phan t.
b) Cu phap
cs = cumprod(a)
Vi
cs bien cha ket qua.
a ten cua ma tran
hay vector.

c)V du
Nhan hai a thc (3x
2
+4x+5).(2x
3
-
3x
2
+2)
>> A = [0 3 4 5]
A =
0 3 4 5
>> B = [2 -3 0 2]
B =
2 -3 0 2
>> C = conv(A,B)
C =
0 6 -1 -2 -9 8 10
>>
c)V du
>> B =[ 1 9 3 4 ]
B =
1 9 3 4
>> cp =cumprod(B)
cp =
1 9 27 108
>>A =[1 3 5
9 1 2
4 2 1]

A =
1 3 5
9 1 2
4 2 1
>> cp =
cumprod(A)
cp =
1 3 5
9 3 10
36 6 10
>>
c)V du
>> B = [1 10 1 2
5]
B =
1 10 1 2 5
>> cs = cumsum(B)
cs =
1 11 12 14 19
>>A=[1 3 5
9 1 2
4 2 1]
A =
1 3 5
9 1 2
4 2 1
>> cs = cumsum(A)
cs =
1 3 5
10 4 7
14 6 8
>>

Trang 53

Lenh deconv
a) Chc nang
Thc hien viec chia hai a thc.
b) Cu phap
[q,r] = deconv(a,b)
Vi
a,b a thc.
q thng so cua a, b.
r so d.

Cach khai bao: sap xep bien theo th t giam dan cua luy
tha.

Lenh expm
a) Chc nang:
Thc hien viec tnh e
x

b) Cu phap
kq = expm(x)
Vi
kq: bien cha ket qua

Lenh fmin
a) Chc nang
Thc hien viec tm gia tr nho nhat cua ham so.
b) Cu phap
x = fmin(function,x1,x2)
Vi
x bien cha ket qua.
function ten ham so.
x1, x2 khoang khao sat.

Lenh fplot
a) Chc nang
Thc hien ve o th cua mot ham so.
b) Cu phap
fplot(fun,[xmin,xmax]
Vi
c)V du
Chia 2 a thc
(2x
2
+3x+6)/(2x+3)

>> A = [2 3 6]
A =
2 3 6
>> B = [2 3]
B =
2 3
>> [q,r] = deconv (A,B)
q =
1 0
r =
0 0 6
>>
c)V du
>> kq = expm(3)
kq =
20.0855
>>
c)V du
Tm gia tr nho nhat cua ham so: x
3
-
2x-5 trong khoang [0 , 2]

>> X = fmin('x^3-2*x-5',0,2)
X =
0.8165
>> Y=X^3-2*X-5
Y =
-6.0887
>>

Trang 54
fun ten ham so.
xmin, xmax xac nh khoang can ve.

c) V du
>> fplot('x^3-2*x-5',[0,2]);
>> grid;
Ket qua:

Lenh fzero
a) Chc nang
Thc hien tm iem 0 cua ham so.
b) Cu phap
fzero(fun,x0)
Vi
iem 0 cua ham so la iem (0,x); ay cung chnh la nghiem cua ham so.
Neu ham so co nhieu nghiem th se tm c nghiem gan gia tr x0.
fun ten ham so.

Lenh max
a) Chc nang
Thc hien tm gia tr ln nhat.
b) Cu phap
m = max(x)
[m,i] = max(x) v = max(x,y)
Vi
x, y, v ten vector.
m gia tr ln nhat.
i v tr cua m.
Neu x la ma tran tm ra gia tr ln nhat cua moi cot.

Trang 55
c) V du
>> X = [3 5 2 1 4]
X =
3 5 2 1 4
>> m= max(X)
m =
5
>> [m,i] = max(X)
m =
5
i =
2
>>

>> Y = [ 1 6 8 -5 3]
Y =
1 6 8 -5 3
>> v =max(X,Y)
v =
3 6 8 1 4
>>B =[3 6 2
1 7 9
2 8 1]

Lenh mean
a) Chc nang
Thc hien viec tm gia tr trung bnh.
b) Cu phap
m = mean(a)
Vi
m bien cha ket qua.
a ten vector hay ma tran can tnh gia tr trung bnh.
Neu a la ma tran th tnh gia tr trung bnh cua moi cot.

B =
3 6 2
1 7 9
2 8 1
>> m = max(B)
m =
3 8 9
>> [m,i] = max(B)
m =
3 8 9
i =
1 3 2
>>A=[0 3 6
7 1 1
4 6 8]
A =
0 3 6
7 1 1
4 6 8
>> v = max(A,B)
v =
3 6 6
7 7 9
4 8 8
>>
c) V du
>> B = [1 10 1 2
5]
B =
1 10 1 2 5
>> m = mean(B)

m =
3.8000
>>A=[1 3 5
9 1 2
4 2 1]

A =
1 3 5
9 1 2
4 2 1
>> m = mean(A)
m =
4.6667 2.0000 2.6667
>>

Trang 56

Lenh min
a) Chc nang
Thc hien viec tm gia tr nho nhat
b) Cu phap
m = min(x)
[m,i] = min(x)
v = min(x,y)
Vi
x,y,v ten vector.
m la gia tr ln nhat.
i la v tr cua m.
Neu x la ma tran tm ra gia tr nho nhat trong moi cot.
c) V du
>> X =[ 3 5 2 1 4]
X =
3 5 2 1 4
>> m = min(X)
m =
1
>> Y =[1 6 8 -5 3]
Y =
1 6 8 -5 3
>> v = min(X,Y)
v =
1 5 2 -5 3

Lenh prod
a) Chc nang
Thc hien nhan cac phan t.
b) Cu phap
p = prod(x)
Vi
p bien cha ket qua.
x ten ma tran hay day so.

Neu la ma tran nhan tng phan t cua moi cot.
>>B=[3 6 2
1 7 9
2 8 1]
B =
3 6 2
1 7 9
2 8 1
>> m = min(B)
m =
1 6 1

>>A=[0 3 6
7 1 1
4 6 8]
A =
0 3 6
7 1 1
4 6 8
>> v = min(A,B)
v =
0 3 2
1 1 1
2 6 1
>>

Trang 57
c) V du
>> A =[ 2 3 4 5]
A =
2 3 4 5
>> p = prod(A)
p =
120
>>B=[2 2 3
5 6 4
7 5 4]
Lenh roots
a) Chc nang
Thc hien tm nghiem cua
a thc.
b) Cu phap
r = roots(p)
Vi
r bien cha ket qua.
p ten bieu thc.
Lenh sort
a) Chc nang
Thc hien sap xep mang hay ma tran theo th t tang dan.
b) Cu phap
kq = sort(x)
[kq,i] = sort(x)
Vi
i so th t cua phan t trc khi sap xep.
Neu x la ma tran th sap xep theo th t tang dan cua tng cot.
B =
2 2 3
5 6 4
7 5 4
>> p =prod(B)
p =
70 60 48
>>
c)V du
Tm nghiem cua phng trnh: x
2
-1 =0
>> p = [1 0 -1]
p =
1 0 -1
>> r = roots(p);
>> disp(r)
-1
1
>>
>>B=[3 4 -4
2 3 5
1 6 2]
B =
3 4 -4
2 3 5
1 6 2
>> kq =sort(B)
kq =
1 3 -4
2 4 2
3 6 5
>> [kq,i] =
sort(B)
kq =
1 3 -4
2 4 2
3 6 5
i =
3 2 1
2 1 3
1 3 2
>>

Trang 58
c) V du
>> A=[2 8 5 6 -3 9]
A =
2 8 5 6 -3 9
>> kq = sort(A)
kq =
-3 2 5 6 8 9
>> [kq,i] = sort(A)
kq =
-3 2 5 6 8 9
i =
5 1 3 4 2 6
Lenh sum
a) Chc nang
Thc hien tnh tong cua cac phan t.
b) Cu phap
s = sum(x)
Vi
s bien cha ket qua.
x ten ma tran.
Neu x la ma tran th s la tong cua cac cot.
CHNG XI
O HOA TRONG MATLAB

Lenh AXES
a) Chc nang
at cac truc toa o tai v tr nh trc.
b) Cu phap
axes(propertyname, propertyvalue )
V
Tng ng vi mot propertyname i kem vi 1 propertyvalue.
1. position,[left, bottom, width, height]: nh v tr va kch thc cua truc.
left khoang cach t mep trai ca so en truc ng.
bottom khoang cach t mep di ca so en truc ngang.

c) V du
>> A=[2 8 5
6 -3 9]
A =
2 8 5 6 -3 9
>> s = sum(A)

s =
27
>>B=[3 4 -4
2 -3 5
1 6 2]

B =
3 4 -4
2 -3 5
1 6 2
>> s = sum(B)
s =
6 7 3
>>

Trang 59
width chieu dai cua truc ngang.
height chieu cao truc ng.
Ghi chu
Luon lay iem [0, 0] lam goc toa o.
Truc ngang va truc ng co gia tr trong khoang [0 1] va chia theo ty le thch hp
V du
axes(position,[.1 .1 .8 .6])
2.xlim, [min,max]: nh gia tr nho nhat va ln nhat tren truc x.

V du
axes(xlim, [2 5])
3.ylim, [min,max]: nh gia tr nho nhat va ln nhat tren truc y.
V du
axes(ylim, [2 5])
nh gia tr tren ca hai truc
axes(xlim, [min,max], ylim,[min,max])

Lenh axis
a) Chc nang
Thc hien viec chia lai truc toa o.
b) Cu phap
axis([xmin xmax ymin ymax])
axis([xmin xmax ymin ymax zmin zmax])
axis on
axis off
Vi
xmin, ymin, zmin la gia tr nho nhat cua cac truc x, y, z.
xmax, ymax, zmax la gia tr ln nhat cua cac truc x, y, z.
on cho hien th truc toa o.
off khong cho hien th truc toa o.
Lenh bar
a) Chc nang
Thc hien ve o th dang cot.
b) Cu phap
bar(x,y)
Vi
Ve gia tr x theo gia tr y.
c) V du
x = -pi:0.2:pi;
bar(x,sin(x));
grid on;
title(Do thi ham sin(x) dang thanh);
xlabel(truc x (rad));
ylabel(y = sin(x)) ;
Ket qua:

Trang 60

Lenh cla
a) Chc nang
Thc hien xoa tat ca cac oi tng nh: ng o th, ten o thnhng khong xoa truc toa
o.
b) Cu phap
cla
Lenh clf
a) Chc nang
Thc hien xoa o th hien tai.
b) Cu phap
clf
Lenh close
a) Chc nang
ong o th hien tai.
b) Cu phap
close
Lenh colormap
a) Chc nang
Tao mau sac cho o th trong khong gian 3 chieu.
b) Cu phap
colormap(map)
colormap(default)
Vi
colormap la s tron lan cua 3 mau c ban: red, green, blue. Tuy theo ty le cua 3 mau
c ban ma cho ra cac mau sac khac nhau.
default mau co c la mau mac nh.
map bien cha cac thong so sau:

Trang 61

Map Mau co c
Bone gray + blue
Cool cyan + magenta
Flag red + white + blue + black
Gray Gray
Hot black + red + yellow + white
Pink Pink

Lenh figure
a) Chc nang
Tao mot o th mi.
b) Cu phap
figure
Lenh gca
a) Chc nang
Tao cac ac tnh cho truc.
b) Cu phap
h = gca
Vi
h bien gan cho lenh cga.

Cu phap Giai thch
Set(gca,XScale,log,
Yscale,linear)
nh n v tren truc toa o: truc x co
n v la log va truc y co n v tuyen
tnh.
Set(gca,Xgrid,on,YGrid',
nomal)
Tao li cho o th: truc x co tao li
va truc y khong tao li.
Set(gca,XDir',reverse,
YDir,normal)
oi truc toa o: oi truc x ve pha oi
dien, truc y gi nguyen.
Set(gca,XColor',red,
Ycolor,yellow)
at mau cho li o th: at li truc
x mau o, li truc y mau vang.
Gom co cac mau: yellow, magenta,
cyan, red, green, blue, white, black.

Lenh grid
a) Chc nang
Thc hien tao li toa o.
b) Cu phap
grid on
grid off

Trang 62
Vi
on hien th li toa o.
off khong hien th li toa o.
Lenh plot
a) Chc nang
Ve o th tuyen tnh trong khong gian 2 chieu.
b) Cu phap
plot(x,y)
plot(x,y,linetype)
Vi
x,y ve gia tr x theo gia tr y.
linetype kieu phan t tao nen net ve bao gom 3 thanh phan:
Thanh phan th nhat la cac ky t ch mau sac

Ky t
Mau
y Vang
M o ti
C L
R o
G Luc
B Lam
W Trang
K en

Thanh phan th hai la cac ky t ch net ve cua o th

Ky t Loai net ve
- ng lien net
: ng cham cham
-
.
ng gach cham
-- ng net t oan
Thanh phan th ba la cac ky t ch loai iem anh dau gom:.; o; x; +; *
c) V du
Ve o th ham y = sin(x) vi o th mau lam, ng lien net va anh dau cac iem c chon
bang dau *, truc x thay oi t 0 ti 2, moi bc thay oi la /8
x = 0:pi/8:2*pi;
y = sin(x);
plot(x,y, b-
*
);
ylabel(y = sin(x));
xlabel(Truc x);
title(Do thi ham y = sin(x));
grid on;
Ket qua

Trang 63

Lenh subplot
a) Chc nang
Tao cac truc trong mot phan cua ca so o hoa.
b) Cu phap
subplot(m,n,p)
subplot(mnp)
Vi
subplot(m,n,p) hoac subplot(mnp)thanh ca so o hoa thanh mn vung e ve nhieu o
th tren cung mot ca so.
m so hang c chia.
n so cot c chia
p so th t vung chon e ve o th.
Neu khai bao p > mn th se xuat hien mot thong bao loi.
c) V du
Chia ca so o hoa thanh 23 vung va hien th truc cua ca 6 vung.
subplot(231);subplot(232);subplot(233);subplot(234);subplot(235);subplot(236)

Lenh semilogx, semilogy
a) Chc nang

Trang 64
Ve o th theo logarith.
b) Cu phap
semilogx(x,y)
semilogx(x,y,linetype)
semilogy(x,y)
semilogy(x,y,linetype)
Vi
semilogx va semilogy giong nh lenh plot nhng ch khac mot ieu la lenh nay ve o
th theo truc logarith. Do o, ta co the s dung tat ca cac loai linetype cua lenh plot.
c) V du
Ve o th ham y = x
2
3x + 2 theo truc logarith cua x.
x = 0:100;
y = x.^2-3*x+2;
semilogx(x,y,b)
grid on

Lenh polar
a) Chc nang
Ve o th trong he truc toa o cc.
b) Cu phap
polar(theta,rno): Ve gia tr x theo gia tr y.
c) V du
t = -pi:0.01:pi;
polar(t, sin(t));

Ket qua

Lenh set
a) Chc nang

Trang 65
Thiet lap cac ac tnh chat cho oi tng nao o.
b) Cu phap
set(h, propertyname, propertyvalue,)
Vi
h bien cha oi tng.

PropertyName va PropertyValue c cho trong bang sau:

Cu phap PropertyName PropertyValue Giai thch
Set(h,Marker,+) Marker -, --, :, -
. , o, , +, *
Chon kieu phan t
Set(h,LineWidth,1) LineWidth 1, 2, 3, o day net ve
Set(h,MarkerSize,9) MarkerSize 1, 2, 3, Kch thc cac iem tao
nen h
Set(h,color,cyan) Color yellow,magenta,
red,green,blue,
cyan,white,black
Chon mau cho oi
tng h

c) V du
a = [1 2 3 4 5 4 3 4 5 6];
h = plot(a)
set(h,color,black)

Lenh stairs
a) Chc nang
Ve o th dang bac thang.
b) Cu phap
stairs(x,y): Ve gia tr x theo gia tr y.
c)V du
x = -pi:0.2:pi;
stairs(x,sin(x));
xlabeL(Truc x);
ylabel(y = stairs(x,sin(x));
grid on

Trang 66

Lenh title
a) Chc nang
at tieu e cho o th.
b) Cu phap
title(text)
Vi
text ten tieu e

Lenh xlabel, ylabel, zlabel
a) Chc nang
at ten cho truc X, Y, Z.
b) Cu phap
xlabel(nx)
ylabel(ny)
zlabel(nz)
Vi
nx, ny, nz ten truc x, y, z

Lenh whitebg
a) Chc nang
Thay oi mau nen cua ca so o hoa.
b) Cu phap
whitebg
whitebg(color)
Vi
whitebg chuyen oi qua lai mau nen ca so o hoa gia trang va en.
whitebg(color) chuyen mau nen ca so o hoa thanh mau cua bien color.
color co the la cac mau: yellow (vang), magenta (o ti), cyan (l), red (o), green
(luc), blue (lam), white (trang), black (en).
Het Phan I

Trang 67

PHAN II
MOT SO V DU NG DUNG LAP TRNH TRONG MATLAB

Bai
tap1
Cho s o mach ien nh hnh BT1.
Hnh BT1.

Nguon ap cung cap trong s o co dang v(t) = 100cos(t) va tai thuoc loai tai cam co tong
tr la Z = 1,2560
0
.
Viet oan chng trnh xac nh bieu thc dong ien i(t), cong suat p(t) = p
R
(t) + p
X
(t) va ve
o th bieu dien i(t), v(t), p(t), p
R
(t) va p
X
(t); vi t = [0, 2]

Trong o:
i(t) la dong ien chay trong s o nh hnh ve
v(t) la ien ap nguon
p(t) la cong suat bieu kien
p
R
(t) la cong suat tac dung
p
X
(t) la cong suat phan khang
Giai
I.Cac cong thc c s dung e tnh toan:
1.Xac nh dong ien:

Z
V
I

=
2.Xac nh cong suat:
Ta co:
v(t) = V
m
cos(t +
v
) va i(t) = I
m
cos(t +
i
)
Suy ra:
p(t) = v(t)i(t) = V
m
cos(t +
v
) I
m
cos(t +
i
)
p(t) = |V||I| cos[1 + cos 2(t +
v
)] + |V||I| sin sin2(t +
v
)
p(t) = p
R
(t) + p
X
(t)

Trang 68
Vi
p
R
(t) = |V||I| cos[1 + cos 2(t +
v
)]
p
X
(t) = |V||I| sin sin2(t +
v
)
=
v
-
i

|V| =
2
V
m

|I| =
2
I
m

II.Cac bc tien hanh:
Bc 1. Nhap oi vao bieu tng MATLAB 6.1 tren desktop e khi ong Matlab.

Bc 2. Trnh t cac ca so cua Matlab hien ra nh sau:

Bc 3. Vao File chon New, sau o chon M-file e m ca so soan thao chng trnh

Trang 69

Mat khac, ban cung co the nhap vao bieu tng New tren thanh cong cu cua ca so man hnh
nen MATLAB. Ket qua cung se tng t nh tren.

Trang 70
Bc 4. ay la ca so soan thao chng trnh

Bc 5. Lu oan chng trnh bang cach: chon File, sau o chon Save As

Mat khac, ban cung co the nhap vao bieu tng Save tren thanh cong cu cua ca so man
hnh nen cua MATLAB va ket qua se la tng t nh tren.
Bc 6. Ca so Save file as hien ra nh sau:
Lu oan chng trnh nay vi ten Baitap1.m

Trang 71

Bc 7. Sau o, go oan chng trnh sau vao ca so soan thao chng trnh:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Vm = 100; thetav = 0; % Bien do va goc pha cua dien ap
Z = 1.25; gama = 60; % Bien do va goc pha cua tong tro
thetai = thetav - gama; % Goc pha cua dong dien (tinh bang do)
theta = (thetav thetai)*pi/180; % Chuyen tu do sang radian
Im = Vm/Z; % Bien do dong dien
wt=0:.05:2*pi; % wt bien thien tu 0 den 2*pi
v=Vm*cos(wt); % Bieu thuc dien ap tuc thoi
i=Im*cos(wt + thetai*pi/180); % Bieu thuc dong dien tuc thoi
p=v.*i; % Bieu thuc cong suat tuc thoi
V=Vm/sqrt(2); I=Im/sqrt(2); % Dien ap va dong dien hieu dung
P = V*I*cos(theta); % Cong suat tac dung
Q = V*I*sin(theta); % Cong suat phan khang
S = P + j*Q % Cong suat bieu kien
pr = P*(1 + cos(2*(wt + thetav)));
px = Q*sin(2*(wt + thetav));
PP=P*ones(1, length(wt));
xline = zeros(1, length(wt));
wt=180/pi*wt;
subplot(2,2,1)
plot(wt, v, wt, i,wt, xline), grid
title([v(t)=Vm coswt, i(t)=Im cos(wt , num2str(thetai), )])
xlabel(wt, do)
subplot(2,2,2)
plot(wt, p, wt, xline), grid
title(p(t)=v(t) I(t))
xlabel(wt, do)
subplot(2,2,3)
plot(wt, pr, wt, PP, wt,xline), grid
title(pr(t))
xlabel(wt, do)
subplot(2,2,4)

Trang 72
32
33
34
plot(wt, px, wt, xline), grid
title(px(t))
xlabel(wt, do)

Giai thch chng trnh:

Th t
dong
Giai thch Ghi chu
12 Gan gia tr cho cac
bien V
m
, thetav, Z va
gama.
MATLAB khong yeu cau bat ky mot cau lenh khai bao
bien nao. Khi MATLAB gap mot ten bien mi nao, no
t ong tao ra bien o va ch nh v tr lu tr d lieu
thch hp. Neu bien o a ton tai, MATLAB se thay
oi noi dung cua no.
V du:
A = 25
Lenh nay se tao ra mot ma tran 1 hang 1 cot, c at
ten la A va lu tr gia tr 25 vao ten bien.
Ten bien bao gom mot k t, theo sau la bat ky k t, so
hay dau gach noi nao. Ten bien c gii han 31 k
t.

Chu y: MATLAB phan biet gia k t hoa va k t
thng.
V du: A va a la 2 bien khac nhau.
Sau moi cau lenh, neu ban muon hien th cau lenh o
trong khi thc thi chng trnh th ban co the s dung
dau , e phan cach gia cac lenh hoac bo trong va
xuong hang.
35 Cac bieu thc c
phat bieu cho viec
tnh toan
MATLAB s dung cac toan t sau ay trong cac bieu
thc toan:
+ Toan t cong
- Toan t tr
* Toan t nhan
/ Toan t chia
^ Toan t luy tha
Toan t chuyen v
() Toan t ch nh th t u tien
6 Bieu dien wt bien
thien t 0 en 2 vi
bc nhay la 0,05
Chu y dong lenh nay s dung toan t :
Toan t : la mot trong nhng toan t quan trong nhat
cua MATLAB. No c s dung trong mot vai trng
hp khac nhau nh sau:

Trang 73
i.Bieu dien cho mot day so bao gom cac so nguyen
V du: ky hieu 1:10 c bieu dien nh sau:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
ii.Bieu dien cho mot day so bat ky vi cac khoang
tang c ch nh trc
V du: ky hieu 100:-7:50 c bieu dien nh sau:
100 93 86 79 72 65 58 51

7 15 S dung cac ham c
ban e viet cac bieu
thc tnh toan cho
chng trnh.
MATLAB cung cap mot so lng ln cac ham toan
hoc tieu chuan c ban bao gom:
1.Cac ham lng giac:
sin(x): Ham sin
sinh(x): Ham sin hyperbol.
asin(x): Ham acrsin.
asinh(x): Ham arcsin hyperbol.
cos(x): Ham cos.
cosh(x): Ham cos hyperbol.
acos(x): Ham arccos.
acosh(x): Ham arccos hyperbol.
tan(x): Ham tang.
tanh(x): Ham tang hyperbol.
atan(x): Ham arctg.
atanh(x): Ham arctg hyperbol
cot(x): Ham cotg.
coth(x): Ham cotg hyperbol.
acot(x): Ham arccotg.
acoth(x): Ham arccotg hyperbol.

2.Cac ham so mu:
exp(x): Ham so mu.
log(x): Ham logarit.
log10(x): Ham logarit c so 10.
sqrt(x): Ham can bac hai.

3.Cac bien va cac hang so ac biet:
pi = 3.1415926535897....
i, j = n v so ao.
Chu y: Trong trng hp cua chng trnh nay chung
ta tranh khong dung i lam n v so ao v co the se
hieu nham o la k hieu cua cng o dong ien. Tuy
nhien trong cac ket qua tnh toan MATLAB se dung
mac nh n v ao la i.
16 Lenh nay dung e
tao ra mot ma tran
cong suat cho muc
ch ve o th cua P
ones(N) la mot ma tran vuong bao gom N hang va N
cot cac gia tr 1.
ones(M,N) hoac ones([M,N]) la mot ma tran bao gom
M hang va N cot cac gia tr 1.

Trang 74
theo wt
Cu the:
ones(1, length(wt)):
tao ra mot ma tran co
1 hang va length(wt)
cot cac gia tr bang 1.
Vi
length(wt) chnh la
chieu dai cua chuoi
wt, vi wt bien thien
t 0 en 2
length(x) tra ve chieu dai cua vect x.

17
Lenh nay dung e
tao ra mot ma tran
bao gom 1 hang va
length(wt) cot cac gia
tr bang 0.
zeros(N) la mot ma tran vuong bao gom N va N cot
cac gia tr bang 0.
zeros(M,N) hoac zeros([M,N]) la mot ma tran bao
gom M hang va N cot cac gia tr bang 0.

18
La mot lenh c
phat bieu e tnh
toan chuyen oi t o
sang radian

19 Bieu dien o th hnh
ve v tr th nhat
hang (tc hang 1 cot
1 cua ma tran 2 hang
2 cot)
Ham subplot(m,n,p) cho phep ban bieu dien nhieu o
th tren cung mot ca so man hnh.
No cat ca so man hnh thanh mot ma tran m hang va n
cot; va chon phan t th p e bieu dien hnh ve.

20
Bieu dien o th cua
v va i theo wt

Ham plot (x,y) cho phep ban ve o th cua vect y theo
vect x.

Thuoc tnh grid cho phep ban ke cac o li tren o
th.

21

at tieu e cho o th
title('text') at tieu e cho o th, no c at tren
nh cua o th hien tai. Vi text la ten cua tieu e.
22 at tieu e cho truc
hoanh cua o th
xlabel('text') at ten cho truc hoanh cua o th hien
tai. Vi text la ten cua truc hoanh.
2334 Tng t nh cac
dong t 19 en 22

* Chu y: Cac dong ch pha sau dau% co y ngha giai thch se khong anh hng en qua
trnh thc thi cua chng trnh cung nh cach the hien ket qua cua chng trnh.

Bc 8. Chon File/Save e lu lai chng trnh lan cuoi.

Trang 75

Mat khac, ban cung co the nhap vao bieu tng Save tren thanh cong cu cua ca so man
hnh nen cua MATLAB va ket qua se la tng t nh tren e lu chng trnh lai lan cuoi.
Bc 9. Chuyen sang ca so chnh cua Matlab e chay chng trnh. Go ten chng trnh
Baitap1 vao ca so Command Window.

Trang 76

Bc 10. Khi ay, ket qua tnh toan c la:
S =
2.0000e+003 +3.4641e+003i
>>

Giai thch ket qua:
Ket qua tnh toan c la:
S =
2.0000e+003 +3.4641e+003i
Co ngha la S = 2000 + i3464.1 hay S = S = 2000 + j3464.1; trong MATLAB i va j co gia tr
ngang nhau va mac nh cua no la i.
Ket qua nay c hien th trong ca so Command Window
Va cac o th c hien th trong ca so Figure No. 1

Trang 77

Nhan
xet o
th:
Da vao o th ien ap va dong ien, ta thay vect cng o dong ien sm pha hn
vect ien ap mot goc 60
0
.
Vect ien ap se at gia tr cc ai tai cac gia tr 0
0
va 360
0
va no co gia tr bang 0 tai
cac gia tr 90
0
va 270
0
.
Vect cng o dong ien se at gia tr cc ai tai gia tr 60
0
va no co gia tr bang 0
tai gia tr 150
0
.
Bc 11. e co the lu cac o th nay, ta tien hanh cac bc sau: Vao File, chon Save As
ien ap
Dong ien

Trang 78

Mat khac, ban cung co the nhap vao bieu tng Save tren thanh cong cu cua ca
so man hnh nen cua MATLAB va ket qua se la tng t nh tren.

Bc 12. Ca so Save As hien ra, go vao ten muon lu la Dothi1.fig, sau o nhan Save e
lu.

Lu y: Tat ca cac file chng trnh (*.m) va cac file o th (*.fig) se c Matlab t ong lu
vao th muc work cua Matlab.
Bc 13. Sau khi thc hien tnh toan xong, e co the thoat khoi phien lam viec cua
MATLAB cua ban, ta phai tien hanh cac bc sau:

Trang 79
Chon File/Exit MATLAB

Hoac go quit vao ca so man hnh Command Window.

III.M rong bai toan:
1.Thay oi tai trong bai tap 1 tren bang mot tai dung co tong tr la Z = 2,0-30
0
. Viet mot
oan chng trnh xac nh lai bieu thc dong ien i(t), cong suat p(t) = p
R
(t) + p
X
(t) va ve o
th bieu dien i(t), v(t), p(t), p
R
(t) va p
X
(t); vi t = [0, 2]

Trang 80
e giai quyet bai toan nay, ta tien hanh cac bc tng t nh bai tap 1 t bc 1 en bc
6; tuy nhien lu bai tap nay vi ten Baitap11.m.

Bc 7. M bai tap 1 (Baitap1.m) bang cach chon File/Open
Mat khac, ban cung co the nhap vao bieu tng Open tren thanh cong cu. Khi ay, ket qua
cung tng t nh ban chon File/Open.
Hop thoai Open xuat hien.
Nhap chuot vao Baitap1 e chon.
Cuoi cung, nhap vao nut Open e m chng trnh Baitap1.

Trang 81
Khi ay, ca so soan thao chng trnh cua Baitap1 xuat hien nh sau:

Bc 8. Thay oi chng trnh bang cach thay oi cac so lieu, cu the dong th 2 nh sau:
Z = 2.0; gama = -30;
Ngoai ra, cac cau lenh va cac so lieu khac van gi nguyen.

Bc 9. Lu chng trnh tren lai vi ten Baitap11.m nh sau:
Chon File/Save As

Khi ay, hop thoai Save file as xuat hien
Nhap chuot vao o File name sa ten chng trnh lai thanh Baitap11, sau o nhap chuot vao
nut Save e lu chng trnh.

Bc 10.Chuyen sang ca so chnh cua Matlab e chay chng trnh. Go ten chng trnh

Baitap11 vao ca so Command Window, sau o Enter.

Trang 82

Bc 11. Khi ay, ket qua tnh toan c la:
>> Baitap11
S =
2.1651e+003 -1.2500e+003i

Trang 83
Nhan xet o th:
Da vao o th ien ap va dong ien, ta thay vect cng o dong ien tre pha hn
0
.
0
va 360
0
cac gia tr 90
0
va 270
0
.
Vect cng o dong ien se at gia tr cc ai tai cac gia tr 0
0
va 360
0
va no co gia
tr bang 0 tai cac gia tr 60
0
va 240
0
.

Bc 12. e co the lu cac o th nay, ta tien hanh cac bc sau: Vao File, chon Save As
Bc 13. Hop thoai Save As hien ra, go vao ten muon lu la Dothi11.fig, sau o nhan Save
e lu.

Trang 84
2.Thay oi tai trong bai tap 1 tren bang mot tai thuan tr co tong tr la Z = 2,50
0
. Viet
mot oan chng trnh xac nh lai bieu thc dong ien i(t), cong suat p(t) = p
R
(t) + p
X
(t) va
ve o th bieu dien i(t), v(t), p(t), p
R
(t) va p
X
(t); vi t = [0, 2]
e giai quyet bai toan nay ta phai tien hanh cac bc tng t nh bai tap m rong tren,
tuy nhien bc 7 ta phai thay oi dong th 2 cua chng trnh thanh Z = 2.5; gama = 0;
Va phai lu no vi ten la Baitap12.m.

Ket qua tnh toan c la:

>> Baitap12
S =
2.0000e+003
>>



Va ban cung lu o th nay lai vi ten goi Dothi12.fig

Trang 85

Nhan xet o th:
Da vao o th ien ap va dong ien, ta thay vect cng o dong ien sm pha hn
0
.
0
va 360
0
cac gia tr 90
0
va 270
0
.
Vect cng o dong ien se at gia tr cc ai tai cac gia tr 0
0
va 360
0
va no co gia
tr bang 0 tai cac gia tr 90
0
va 270
0
.
ac biet cong suat p
X
(t) = 0 vi moi wt.

IV.Bai tap lam them:
Cho tai 1 pha c cung cap bi 1 nguon ien ap hnh sin co dang: v(t) = 200 cos (377t)
Khi ay, cong suat tc thi co dang la: p(t) = 800 + 1000 cos (754t 36,87
0
)
Viet oan chng trnh, xac nh:
a.Cong suat bieu kien a cung cap cho tai.
b.Gia tr tc thi va gia tr hieu dung cua dong ien cung cap cho tai.
c.Tong tr tai.

ap so: a.S = 800 + j600 (VA)
b.i(t) = 10 cos (377-36,87
0
) A
I = 7,071 A
c.Z = 2036,87
0
()

Bai tap 2
Cho s o mach ien nh hnh BT2.

Hnh BT2.
Trong o, nguon ap V = 1200 0
0
, cac tai Z
1
, Z
2
va Z
3
lan lt la:
Z
1
= 60 + j0 ; Z
2
= 6 + j12 va Z
3
= 30 j30 .
Viet mot oan chng trnh tnh:
Cong suat phan bo tren cac nguon va tong cong suat bieu kien.
Giai

Z
V
I =

*
I V S =
S = S
1
+ S
2
+ S
3

Trang 86

II.Cac buc tien hanh:
1.Tien hanh cac bc tng t nh nhng v du bai tap trc e m ca so soan thao chng
trnh.
2.Sau o, chep oan ma chng trnh sau vao ca so soan thao chng trnh va lu no vi ten
Baitap2.m

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V = 1200;
Z1= 60;
Z2 = 6 + j*12;
Z3 = 30 j*30;
disp('Dong dien phan bo tren cac tai:')
I1 = V/Z1 % Xac dinh dong dien tren cac tai
I2 = V/Z2
I3 = V/Z3
disp('Cong suat phan bo tren cac tai:')
S1= V*conj(I1) % Xac dinh cong suat phan bo tren cac tai
S2= V*conj(I2)
S3= V*conj(I3)
disp('Tong cong suat S = S1 + S2 + S3:')
S = S1 + S2 + S3, % Xac dinh tong cong suat

Va lu lai oan chng trnh tren.

* Giai thch chng trnh:

Th t
dong
Giai thch Ghi chu
1-->4 Gan gia tr cho cac
bien V, Z1, Z2 va Z3.

5 lenh: disp('Dong
dien phan bo tren
cac tai:') se cho hien
th dong ch Dong
dien phan bo tren
cac tai khi thc thi
chng trnh.

disp(text): lenh nay c s dung e bieu dien chuoi
text khi thc thi chng trnh.
6 -->8 Viet bieu thc xac
nh dong ien tren
cac tai bang cach s
dung toan t /

9 Tng t dong so 5

Trang 87
10-->12 Viet bieu thc xac
nh cong suat bieu
kien tren cac tai s
dung ham lien hp
phc conj.

conj: la ham lien hp phc.
conj(x): la lien hp phc cua x.
oi vi mot so phc x, conj(x) = real(x) i*imag(x)
Vi:
real(x) la phan thc cua so phc x.
va imag(x) la phan ao cua so phc x.
13 Tng t dong so 5
14 Xac nh tong cong
suat bieu kien s
dung toan t +

Thc hien chay chng trnh bang cach: chuyen sang ca so chnh cua Matlab, go ten chng
trnh Baitap2 vao ca so Command Window.
Khi ay, ket qua tnh toan c la:

>> Baitap2
Dong dien phan bo tren cac tai:
I1 =
20

I2 =
40.0000 -80.0000i

I3 =
20.0000 +20.0000i

Cong suat phan bo tren cac tai:
S1 =
24000

S2 =
4.8000e+004 +9.6000e+004i

S3 =
2.4000e+004 -2.4000e+004i

Tong cong suat S = S1 + S2 + S3:
S =
9.6000e+004 +7.2000e+004i
>>


III.M rong bai toan:

Trang 88
1.Cac so lieu trong bai tap tren c gi nguyen, tuy nhien s o mach trong trng hp nay
c thay oi lai thanh [Z
1
noi tiep (Z
2
song song Z
3
)].
Viet oan chng trnh tnh lai:

Dong ien va cong suat phan bo tren cac tai.
Tong cong suat.

e giai quyet bai toan nay ta thc hien cac bc tng t nh v du bai tap 2 tren e m
ca so soan thao chng trnh. Sau o, go oan chng trnh sau vao ca so soan thao:

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V = 1200;
Z1= 60;
Z2 = 6 + j*12;
Z3 = 30 - j*30;
disp('Dong dien phan bo tren cac tai:')
Z=Z1+((Z2*Z3)/(Z2+Z3));
I1 = V/Z
V1 = I1*Z1;
V2 = V - V1;
V3 = V2;
I2 = V2/Z2
I3 = V3/Z3
disp('Cong suat phan bo tren cac tai:')
S1= V1*conj(I1)
S2= V2*conj(I2)
S3= V3*conj(I3)
disp('Tong cong suat S = S1 + S2 + S3:')
S = S1 + S2 + S3
disp('Tong cong suat duoc tinh theo cach khac:')
disp('Tong cong suat S = VI*:')
S= V*conj(I1)

Va lu oan chng trnh tren vi ten goi: Baitap21.m
Thc hien chay chng trnh bang cach: chuyen sang ca so chnh cua Matlab, go ten chng
trnh Baitap21 vao ca so Command Window.
Khi ay, ket qua tnh toan c la:

>> Baitap21
Dong dien phan bo tren cac tai:
I1 =
16.8000 - 2.4000i

I2 =
16.0000 - 8.0000i

Trang 89
I3 =
0.8000 + 5.6000i

Cong suat phan bo tren cac tai:
S1 =
1.7280e+004 -4.5475e-013i

S2 =
1.9200e+003 +3.8400e+003i

S3 =
9.6000e+002 -9.6000e+002i

Tong cong suat S = S1 + S2 + S3:
S =
2.0160e+004 +2.8800e+003i

Tong cong suat duoc tinh theo cach khac:
Tong cong suat S = VI*:
S =
2.0160e+004 +2.8800e+003i
>>

Bai tap 3:
Cho s o nh hnh ve BT3.

Hnh BT3.

Cac tai co tong tr lan lt la: Z
1
= 100 + j0 , Z
2
= 10 + j20 c noi vao nguon co gia tr
ien ap hieu dung la 200V, 60 Hz.
Viet oan chng trnh xac nh:
a.Tong cong suat thc, cong suat phan khang, he so cong suat tai nguon va dong ien tong.
b.Gia tr cua tu ien C c mac vao s o nh hnh ve sao cho he so cong suat c nang
len la 0,8 (tre, co ngha la vect cng o dong ien cham pha so vi vect ien ap).

Trang 90
Giai
jQ P S + =

*
*
V
S
I =

*
C
2
C
S
| V |
Z =

f 2 . Z
1
C
C

=

trnh.
Baitap3.m

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disp('Cac du lieu cua bai toan la:')
V = 200
Z1= 100
Z2 = 10 + j*20
I1 = V/Z1;
I2 = V/Z2;
disp('Cong suat bieu kien tren nhanh Z1:')
S1= V*conj(I1)
disp('Cong suat bieu kien tren nhanh Z2:')
S2= V*conj(I2)
disp('Tong dong dien I = I1 + I2:')
I = I1 + I2
disp('Tong cong suat bieu kien phan bo tren cac tai:')
S = S1 + S2
P = real(S);
Q = imag(S);
disp('He so cong suat cua nguon:')
PF = cos(angle(S))
thd = acos(0.8);
disp('Mac them tu dien C, de dieu chinh he so cong suat len 0.8:')
disp('Gia tri dien dung cua tu dien C la:')
Qd = P*tan(thd);
Sc = -j*(Q Qd);
Zc = V^2/conj(Sc);
C = 1/(2*pi*60*abs(Zc))
disp('Khi ay cac dai luong thay doi lan luot la:')
Sd = P + j*Qd
Id=conj(Sd)/conj(V)
Vi:
S la cong suat bieu kien
S
*
la gia tr lien hp cua S
P la cong suat tac dung
Q la cong suat phan khang
I la dong ien
V la ien ap
Z
c
la tong tr cua tu ien
C la ien dung cua tu ien
f la tan so

Trang 91

Giai thch chng trnh:

Th t
dong
Giai thch Ghi chu
18 Bieu thc xac nh
he so cong suat cua
nguon.
Ham angle(x) tra ve goc pha cua so phc x, tnh bang
radian
25 Bieu thc xac nh
ien dung cua tu ien
C
Ham abs(x) tra ve gia tr tuyet oi cua phan t x.

Trong trng hp: x la mot so phc, th abs(x) chnh la
o ln cua so phc x.
3.Chuyen sang ca so Command Window go vao ten cua chng trnh Baitap3.m
4.Khi ay, ket qua tnh toan c la:

>> Baitap3
Cac du lieu cua bai toan la:
V = 200

Z1 = 100

Z2 = 10.0000 +20.0000i

Cong suat bieu kien tren nhanh Z1:
S1 = 400

Cong suat bieu kien tren nhanh Z2:
S2 = 8.0000e+002 +1.6000e+003i

Tong dong dien I = I1 + I2:
I = 6.0000 - 8.0000i

Tong cong suat bieu kien phan bo tren cac tai:
S = 1.2000e+003 +1.6000e+003i

He so cong suat cua nguon:
PF = 0.6000
Mac them tu dien C, de dieu chinh he so cong suat len 0.8:

Gia tri dien dung cua tu dien C la:
C = 4.6420e-005
Khi ay cac dai luong thay doi lan luot la:
Sd = 1.2000e+003 +9.0000e+002i

Id = 6.0000 - 4.5000i
>>

Trang 92
Ket qua nay c hien th trong ca so Command Window.

III. Bai tap m rong:
1.Cho mot tai cam bao gom R va X noi tiep vi nhau. c cung cap bi mot nguon ap co
gia tr hien dung la 2400 V, cong suat la 288 kW, he so cong suat la 0,8 (tre, co ngha la
vect cng o dong ien cham pha so vi vect ien ap). Viet mot oan chng trnh xac
nh cac gia tr R va X.
Ve o th cac ham R = f(cos) va X = f(cos).
e giai quyet bai toan nay ta tien hanh cac bc sau:

Bc 1.Tien hanh cac bc tng t nh nhng v du bai tap trc e m ca so soan thao
chng trnh.
Bc 2.Sau o, chep oan ma chng trnh sau vao ca so soan thao chng trnh va lu no
vi ten Baitap31.m

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disp('Cac du lieu cua bai toan la:')
U = 2400
thetav = 0;
P = 288000
PF = 0.8
I = P/(U*PF);
phi = acos(PF);
thetai = - phi;
Z0 = U/I;
thetaz=thetav - thetai;
Z = Z0*(cos(thetaz)+j*sin(thetaz));
disp('Gia tri cua R la:')
R = real(Z)
disp('Gia tri cua X la:')
X = imag(Z)
PFC=0:0.1:1;
R=16*PFC;
X=16*sin(acos(PFC));
plot(PFC,R,PFC,X),grid
title('R = f(he so cong suat), X = f(he so cong suat)')
xlabel('He so cong suat')
ylabel('R, X')



>> Baitap31
Cac du lieu cua bai toan la:

Trang 93
U = 2400
P = 288000
PF = 0.8000

Gia tri cua R la:
R = 12.8000

Gia tri cua X la:
X = 9.6000
>>


e co the lu lai o th nay, ta phai thc hien cac bc tng t nh trong v du bai tap 1 ma
chung ta a thc hien.

Nhan xet o th:
Khi he so cong suat bang 1 th X = 0
Khi he so cong suat bang 0 th R = 0

IV.Bai tap lam them:
1.Cung vi bai toan tren, tuy nhien tai bay gi bao gom R va X song song vi nhau. c
cung cap bi mot nguon ap co gia tr hien dung la 2400 V, cong suat la 288 kW, he so cong
X = f(he so cong suat)
R = f(he so cong suat)

Trang 94
suat la 0,8 (tre, co ngha la vect cng o dong ien cham pha so vi vect ien ap). Viet
mot oan chng trnh xac nh cac gia tr R va X.
Ve o th cac ham R = f(cos) va X = f(cos).
ap so:
R = 20 ; X = 26,67

2.Cho mot tai c bieu dien nh s o hnh ve:
Bao gom: mot ien tr R song song vi tu ien C
Tai c cung cap ien thong qua ng day mot pha co tong tr la 8,4 + j11,2 (). Gia tr
hieu dung cua ien ap tai au cc tai la 12000
0
, cong suat cua tai la 30 kVA va he so cong
suat la 0,8 (sm pha, co ngha la vect cng o dong ien sm pha hn so vi vect ien
ap)
Viet mot oan chng trnh, xac nh:
a.Cac gia tr cua R va X.
b.ien ap nguon cung cap.
ap so: a. R = 60 ()
X = 80 ()
b. V = 125016,26
0
V

Bai tap 4:

Cho mot s o nh hnh ve BT4, 3 tai c noi song song vi nhau va c cung cap bi 1
nguon ap co gia tr hieu dung la 1400 V, 60 Hz.

Hnh BT4.

Vi cac thong so cua tai nh sau:
Tai 1: La mot tai cam, 125 kVA va co he so cong suat la 0,28.
Tai 2: La mot tai dung, 10 kW va 40kVAr.
Tai 3: La mot tai thuan tr 15kW.

Viet mot oan chng trnh, tm:
a.Tong cong suat tac dung, cong suat phan khang, cong suat bieu kien va he so cong suat
cua nguon cung cap.
b.Noi them vao s o mot tu ien (bo qua ien tr) song song vi cac tai tren e nang cao
he so cong suat len 0,8 (tre pha). Xac nh cong suat phan khang nh mc cua tu ien nay
va ien dung cua tu ien (F)
c.Ve o th bieu dien ham cua gia tr ien dung C theo he so cong suat cos: C = f(cos).

Trang 95
Giai

3 2 1
S S S jQ P S + + = + =

*
*
V
S
I =

*
C
2
C
S
| V |
Z =

f 2 . Z
1
C
C

=

Vi S
1
, S
2
va S
3
lan lt la cong suat bieu kien tren cac tai Z
1
, Z
2
va Z
3
.
trnh.
Baitap4.m

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disp('Cac du lieu cua bai toan:')
disp('V = 1400 V')
V = 1400;
f = 60;
disp('Tai 1 la tai cam, co cong suat bieu kien la:')
S1= 35000 + j*120000
disp('Tai 2 la tai dung, co cong suat bieu kien la:')
S2 = 10000 - j*40000
disp('Tai 3 la tai thuan tro, co cong suat bieu kien la:')
S3 = 15000
disp('Tong cong suat bieu kien phan bo tren cac tai la:')
S = S1 + S2 + S3
disp('Tong cong suat tac dung phan bo tren cac tai la:')
P = real(S)
disp('Tong cong suat phan khang phan bo tren cac tai la:')
Q = imag(S)
disp('He so cong suat cua nguon la:')
PF = cos(angle(S))
I = conj(S)/conj(V);
thd = acos(0.8);
Qd = P*tan(thd);
Sc = -j*(Q - Qd)
disp('De nang he so cong suat len 0,8 (tre)')
disp('Can phai mac them tu dien C co gia tri la:')
Zc = V^2/conj(Sc);
C = 1/(2*pi*f*abs(Zc))
disp('Khi ay cac dai luong sau khi mac them tu C la:')
Sd = P + j*Qd

Trang 96
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36

Id=conj(Sd)/conj(V)
%Ve do thi
PFC=0.65:0.01:1;
C=(Q - P*tan(acos(PFC)))/(2*pi*f*(V^2))
plot(PFC,C), grid
title('C = f(he so cong suat)')
xlabel('He so cong suat')
ylabel('Gia tri cua tu dien C')


Cac du lieu cua bai toan:
V = 1400 V
Tai 1 la tai cam, co cong suat bieu kien la:
S1 = 3.5000e+004 +1.2000e+005i

Tai 2 la tai dung, co cong suat bieu kien la:
S2 = 1.0000e+004 -4.0000e+004i

Tai 3 la tai thuan tro, co cong suat bieu kien la:
S3 = 15000

Tong cong suat bieu kien phan bo tren cac tai la:
S = 6.0000e+004 +8.0000e+004i

Tong cong suat tac dung phan bo tren cac tai la:
P = 60000
Tong cong suat phan khang phan bo tren cac tai la:
Q = 80000

He so cong suat cua nguon la:
PF = 0.6000
Sc = 0 -3.5000e+004i

De nang he so cong suat len 0,8 (tre)
Can phai mac them tu dien C co gia tri la:
C = 4.7368e-005

Khi ay cac dai luong sau khi mac them tu C la:
Sd = 6.0000e+004 +4.5000e+004i
Id = 42.8571 -32.1429i
>>

Trang 97
Va cac o th c hien th trong ca so Figure No. 1 nh sau:
Nhan xet o th:
o th tren bieu den moi quan he gia ien dung cua tu ien C theo he so cong suat. Tng
ng vi mot gia tr yeu cau cua he so cong suat ta se co mot gia tr ien dung cua tu ien C.

III.Bai tap lam them:
Cho s o mach nh hnh ve:
Trong o: hai tong tr Z
1
va Z
2
co gia tr lan lt la:
Z
1
= 0,8 + j5,6 va Z
2
= 8 j16
Va mot ong c mot pha co cong suat 5 kVA, he so cong suat 0,8 (sm pha, co ngha la
vect cng o dong ien sm pha so vi vect ien ap) c mac song song nh hnh ve.
S o c cung cap bi mot nguon ap co gia tr hieu dung la 200 V, 60 Hz.
Viet oan chng trnh, tm:
a.Gia tr cong suat bieu kien S
1
, S
2
oi vi 2 tong tr va S
3
oi vi ong c.
b.Tong cong suat do nguon cung cap, cng o dong ien va he so cong suat.
c.Mot tu ien c noi song song vi cac tai. Xac nh cong suat phan khang cua tu ien C
va gia tr ien dung cua no e nang cao he so cong suat len en 1.

d.Ve o th bieu dien ham cua gia tr ien dung C theo he so cong suat cos: C = f(cos).
ap so:
a. S
1
= 1 kW + j7 kVAr
S
2
= 1 kW j2 kVAr
S
3
= 4 kW + j3 kVAr

Trang 98
b. S = 6 kW + j8 kVAr
I = 50-53,13
0
A
cos = 0,6 (tre, co ngha la vect cng o dong ien tre hn so vi vect ien ap)
c. Q
c
= 8 kVAr
C = 530,5 F

Bai tap 5
Cho s o nh hnh ve BT5, vi 2 nguon ap co gia tr lan lt la:

Hnh BT5

V
1
= 120-5
0
V va V
2
= 1000
0
V c noi vi nhau thong qua mot ng day ngan co tong
tr la Z = 1 + j7.
Viet mot oan chng trnh xac nh:
Cong suat tac dung va cong suat phan khang nhan c oi vi moi nguon;
Ton that cong suat tren ng day.
Giai
Gia s cac nguon ap co gia tr la:
V
1
= |V
1
|
1
va V
2
= |V
2
|
2
Khi ay:
Cng o dong ien:
=

=
2
2
1
1 2 2 1 1
12
| Z |
| V |
| Z |
| V |
| Z |
| V | | V |
I

Cong suat bieu kien S
12
:
2 1
2 1
2
1
12
2
2
1
1
1 1
*
12 1 12
| Z |
| V || V |
| Z |
| V |
S
| Z |
| V |
| Z |
| V |
| V | I V S
+ =
= =

V vay, cong suat tac dung va cong suat phan khang tai cuoi au gi la:
) cos(
| Z |
| V || V |
cos
| Z |
| V |
P
2 1
2 1
2
1
12
+ =
) sin(
| Z |
| V || V |
sin
| Z |
| V |
Q
2 1
2 1
2
1
12
+ =

Trang 99

trnh.
Baitap5.m

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R = 1;
X = 7;
Z = R +j*X;
V1 = 120*(cos(-5*pi/180) + j*sin(-5*pi/180));
V2 = 100+j*0;
I12 = (V1 - V2)/Z;
I21 = -I12;
disp('Cong suat bieu kien S12')
S12 = V1*conj(I12)
disp('Trong do, bao gom:')
disp('Cong suat tac dung P12:')
P12 = real(S12)
disp('Cong suat phan khang Q12:')
Q12 = imag(S12)
disp('Cong suat bieu kien S21')
S21 = V2*conj(I21)
disp('Cong suat tac dung P21:')
P21 = real(S21)
disp('Cong suat phan khang Q21:')
Q21 = imag(S21)
disp('Ton that tren duong day:')
SL = S12 + S21
disp('Cong suat tac dung PL:')
PL = R*abs(I12)^2
disp('Cong suat phan khang QL:')
QL = X*abs(I12)^2
>> Baitap5
Cong suat bieu kien S12
S12 = -9.7508e+001 +3.6331e+002i

Trong do, bao gom:
Cong suat tac dung P12:
P12 = -97.5084

Cong suat phan khang Q12:

Trang 100
Q12 = 363.3103

Cong suat bieu kien S21
S21 = 1.0733e+002 -2.9452e+002i

Trong do, bao gom:
Cong suat tac dung P21:
P21 = 107.3349

Cong suat phan khang Q21:
Q21 = -294.5245

Ton that tren duong day:
SL = 9.8265 +68.7858i

Trong do, bao gom:
Cong suat tac dung PL:
PL = 9.8265

Cong suat phan khang QL:
QL = 68.7858
>>

Cho 2 nguon ap ly tng nh hnh ve
Vi
V
1
= 50016,26
0
V va V
2
= 5850
0
V
Hai nguon nay c noi vi nhau bang mot ng day co tong tr la 0,7 + j2,4 .
Cong suat bieu kien cua moi nguon.
Xac nh xem chung ang phat hay nhan cong suat tac dung va cong suat phan khang.
Cong suat tac dung va cong suat phan khang ton that tr6n ng day.
ap so:
Nguon 1:
Phat cong suat tac dung vi gia tr la 28 kW.
Nhan cong suat phan khang vi gia tr la 21 kVAr.
Nguon 2:
Nhan cong suat tac dung vi gia tr la 24,57 kW.
Phat cong suat phan khang vi gia tr la 32,76 kVAr.
Tren ng day:

P
L
= 3,43 kW.
Q
L
= 11,76 kVAr.

Bai tap 6:

Trang 101
S dung cac so lieu cho trong bai tap 5, khao sat hng phan bo cong suat gia 2
nguon ap. Xet cho trng hp goc pha cua nguon ap 1 c thay oi t gia tr au tien cua
no la 30
0
vi cac gia tr thay oi moi lan la 5
0
. Bien o ien ap cua 2 nguon ap va goc pha
cua nguon ap 2 la khong oi.
Viet oan chng trnh:
a.Tnh cong suat bieu kien cua moi nguon va ton that cong suat cua ng day.
b.Tnh va bieu dien cac gia tr cong suat tac dung P
1
, P
2
va P
L
tng ng vi goc lech pha
ien ap .
Giai
S dung cac cong thc t bai tap 1 en bai tap 5.
trnh.
Baitap6.m
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
disp('NHAP VAO CAC DU LIEU SAU:')
E1=input('Do lon dien ap cua nguon ap 1 = ');
a1=input('Goc pha cua nguon ap 1 = ');
E2=input('Do lon dien ap cua nguon ap 2 = ');
a2=input('Goc pha cua nguon ap 2 = ');
R=input('Dien tro duong day = ');
X= input('Dien khang duong day = ');
Z= R + j*X;
a1 = (-30+a1:5:30+a1)';
a1r = a1*pi/180;
k=length(a1);
a2=ones(k,1)*a2;
a2r = a2*pi/180;
V1=E1.*cos(a1r) + j*E1.*sin(a1r);
V2=E2.*cos(a2r) + j*E2.*sin(a2r);
I12 = (V1 - V2)./Z;
I21=-I12;
S1= V1.*conj(I12);
P1 = real(S1);
Q1 = imag(S1);
S2= V2.*conj(I21);
P2 = real(S2);
Q2 = imag(S2);
SL= S1+S2;
PL = real(SL);
QL = imag(SL);
Result1=[a1, P1, P2, PL];
disp(' Delta 1 P-1 P-2 P-L ')
disp(Result1)
plot(a1, P1, a1, P2, a1, PL), grid

Trang 102
31
32
33
34
35
text(-26, -550, 'P1')
text(-26, 600,'P2')
text(-26, 100, 'PL')
xlabel('Goc pha cua nguon dien ap 1')
ylabel('Cong suat P, Watts')
*Giai thch chng trnh:
Th t
dong
Giai thch Ghi chu
27 Nhap vao cac gia tr
E1, a1, E2, a2, R va
X bang cach s dung
cau lenh input gi y
cho ngi s dung
nhap vao gia tr cua
ai lng nao.
Lenh R = input(text) hien th cho ngi s dung cau
gi y cua chuoi text va sau o ch nhap gia tr vao t
ban phm
oi tng c nhap vao co the la bieu thc MATLAB
bat ky ma c c lng bang cac bien trong khong
gian lam viec hiien tai va ket qua c tra ve R. Neu
ngi s dung khong nhap vao ma nhan enter, no se
tra ve mot ma tran rong.

R = input(text1,text2) hien th cho ngi s dung
cau gi y cua chuoi text1 va ch nhap gia tr vao chuoi
k t text2. Chuoi text 2 se c tra ve n gian la mot
chuoi trong MATLAB.
Chuoi text co the bao gom 1 hoac nhieu hn cac k t
\n. No co y ngha bo qua e bat au dong ke tiep.
27 Tao ra mot ma tran
bao gom 4 cot va so
hang thay oi theo s
bien bien cua a1

3133 Them vao cac k t
P1, P2, PL tren o th
tai cac toa o a
c xac nh.
text(X,Y,'string') them vao cac k t cac v tr a xac
nh (X,Y) trong he truc toa o hien tai

3.Chuyen sang ca so Command Window go vao ten cua chng trnh: Baitap6.m

>> Baitap6
NHAP VAO CAC DU LIEU SAU:
Do lon dien ap cua nguon ap 1 = 120
Goc pha cua nguon ap 1 = -5
Do lon dien ap cua nguon ap 2 = 100
Goc pha cua nguon ap 2 = 0
Dien tro duong day = 1
Dien khang duong day = 7
Delta 1 P-1 P-2 P-L
-35.0000 -872.2049 967.0119 94.8070
-30.0000 -759.8461 832.1539 72.3078
-25.0000 -639.5125 692.4848 52.9723

Trang 103
-20.0000 -512.1201 549.0676 36.9475
-15.0000 -378.6382 402.9938 24.3556
-10.0000 -240.0828 255.3751 15.2923
-5.0000 -97.5084 107.3349 9.8265
0 48.0000 -40.0000 8.0000
5.0000 195.3349 -185.5084 9.8265
10.0000 343.3751 -328.0828 15.2923
15.0000 490.9938 -466.6382 24.3556
20.0000 637.0676 -600.1201 36.9475
25.0000 780.4848 -727.5125 52.9723
>>

e co the lu lai o th nay, ta tien hanh cac bc tng t nh nhng v du trc.

Nhan xet o th:
o th hnh ve cho thay rang viec phan bo cong suat tac dung doc theo quan he noi lien vi
nhau c xac nh bang s sai lech goc cua ien ap au cc.


Cho mot he thong nh v du tren, sao cho o ln ien ap cua nguon ien ap 1 c thay oi
t 75% en 100% gia tr a cho vi bc thay oi la 1 V. o ln ien ap cua nguon ien ap 2
va cac goc pha cua hai nguon ien ap c gi la hang so.


Trang 104

Cong suat bieu kien cho moi nguon va ton that ng day.

Trnh bay thanh bang cac gia tr cua cong suat phan khang Q
1
, Q
2
va Q
L
theo o ln ien
ap |V
1
|.

Bai tap 7
Cho mot s o nh hnh ve BT7, mot ng day 3 pha co tong tr tren moi pha la 2 + j4.
ng day c s dung e cung cap cho 2 tai can bang 3 pha c noi song song vi nhau.

Hnh BT7

Tai au tien c noi theo kieu hnh Y va co tong tr moi pha la 30 + j40.
Tai th hai c noi theo kieu hnh va co tong tr moi pha la 60 j45.
ng day c cung cap bi mot nguon 3 pha can bang co ien ap day la 207,85 V. Chon
ien ap pha a V
a
lam chuan.
Viet mot oan chng trnh, tnh:
a.Dong ien, cong suat tac dung, cong suat phan khang cua nguon cung cap.
b.ien ap day cua cac tai.
c.Dong ien moi pha cua cac tai.
d.Tong cong suat tac dung, cong suat phan khang cua cac tai va cong suat bieu kien tren
ng day.
Giai

Trang 105
S o tng ng mot pha khi bien oi tai tam giac thanh tai sao va song song 2 tai nay lai
vi nhau
Khi tai au theo kieu sao Y, ta co:

0
p L
30 | V | 3 V =
p L
I I =

Khi tai au theo kieu , ta co:

p L
V V =
0
p L
30 | I | 3 I =

Trang 106
Vi
V
L
la gia tr hieu dung cua ien ap day (ien ap gia 2 day dan)
V
p
la gia tr hieu dung cua ien ap pha (ien ap gia 1 day dan oi vi trung tnh)
I
L
la dong en day.
I
p
la dong ien pha.

Phep bien oi Y:

3
Z
Z
Y

=

Cong suat can bang 3 pha:
Xet mot nguon can bang 3 pha cung cap ien cho mot tai can bang c noi theo kieu Y
hoac , vi cac bieu thc ien ap nh sau:
) t cos( | V | 2 v
v p an
+ =
) 120 t cos( | V | 2 v
0
v p bn
+ =
) 240 t cos( | V | 2 v
0
v p cn
+ =

Khi ay, gia tr dong ien pha tren tai can bang nay la:
) t cos( | I | 2 i
i p a
+ =
) 120 t cos( | I | 2 i
0
i p b
+ =
) 240 t cos( | I | 2 i
0
i p c
+ =
Vi |V
p
| va |I
p
| la cac gia tr o ln ien ap va cng o dong ien hieu dung pha.
Suy ra, bieu thc cong suat bieu kien 3 pha la:
S
3
= P
3
+ jQ
3
= 3|V
p
||I
p
| cos + 3|V
p
||I
p
| sin

Trang 107
hoac
S
3
= 3V
p
I
p
*

trnh.
Baitap7.m

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26

V1 = 207.85/sqrt(3);
Zl = 2 + j*4;
Z1 = 30 + j*40;
Z2 = (60-j*45)/3;
Z = Zl + Z1*Z2/(Z1+Z2);
disp('Voi dien ap pha a Van lam chuan.')
disp('Khi ay, dong dien pha a la:')
I=V1/Z
disp('Cong suat bieu kien 3 pha la:')
S=3*V1*conj(I)
disp('Dien ap pha tai dau tai la:')
V2 = V1- Zl*I
disp('Dien ap day tai dau tai la:')
V2ab =sqrt(3)*(cos(pi/6)+j*sin(pi/6))*V2
disp('Dong dien tren moi pha cua tai noi hinh sao:')
I1=V2/Z1
disp('Dong dien tren moi pha cua tai noi hinh sao duoc chuyen tu tam giac:')
I2=V2/Z2
disp('Suy ra, dong dien tren moi pha cua tai noi tam giac:')
Iab=I2/(sqrt(3)*(cos(pi/6)-j*sin(pi/6)))
disp('Cong suat bieu kien 3 pha cua tai noi hinh sao:')
S1=3*V2*conj(I1)
disp('Cong suat bieu kien 3 pha cua tai noi hinh sao duoc chuyen tu tam giac:')
S2=3*V2*conj(I2)
disp('Cong suat bieu kien 3 pha phan bo tren duong day:')
SL = 3*Zl*abs(I)^2

2.Lu lai vi ten Baitap7.m.
3.Chuyen sang ca so chnh cua Matlab e chay chng trnh. Go ten chng trnh Baitap7
vao ca so Command Window, sau o Enter.

>> Baitap7
Voi dien ap pha a Van lam chuan.
Khi ay, dong dien pha a la:
I = 5.0001

Trang 108

Cong suat bieu kien 3 pha la:
S = 1.8001e+003

Dien ap pha tai dau tai la:
V2 =
1.1000e+002 -2.0000e+001i

Dien ap day tai dau tai la:
V2ab = 1.8232e+002 +6.5264e+001i

Dong dien tren moi pha cua tai noi hinh sao:
I1 = 1.0000 - 2.0000i

Dong dien tren moi pha cua tai noi hinh sao duoc chuyen tu tam giac:
I2 = 4.0001 + 2.0000i

Suy ra, dong dien tren moi pha cua tai noi tam giac:
Iab = 1.4227 + 2.1547i

Cong suat bieu kien 3 pha cua tai noi hinh sao:
S1 = 4.5002e+002 +6.0002e+002i

Cong suat bieu kien 3 pha cua tai noi hinh sao duoc chuyen tu tam giac:
S2 = 1.2000e+003 -9.0003e+002i

Cong suat bieu kien 3 pha phan bo tren duong day:
SL = 1.5001e+002 +3.0001e+002i
>>


1.Cho mot nguon 3 pha 12,47 kV cung cap cho 3 tai c noi song song vi nhau.
Vi
Tai 1: la mot tai cam co cong suat tac dung la 60 kW va cong suat phan khang la 660
kVAr.
Tai 2: la mot tai dung co cong suat tac dung la 240 kW vi he so cong suat la 0,8.
Tai 3: la mot tai thuan tr co cong suat tac dung la 60 kW.
Viet mot oan chng trnh, xac nh:
a.Tong cong suat bieu kien, he so cong suat va cng o dong ien.
b.Cho mot nhom tu ien c noi theo kieu hnh Y au song song vi cac tai. Xac nh tong
cong suat phan khang, ien dung tren moi pha (F) e nang toan bo he so cong suat len 0,8
(tre pha co ngha la vect cng o dong ien tre pha hn so vi vect ien ap).

ap so:

Trang 109
a. S = 360 kW + j480kVAr
cos = 0,6 (tre)
I = 27,78 -53,13
0
A
b. Q = 210 kVAr
C = 3,58 (F)

2.Cho mot tai can bang c noi theo kieu bao gom cac ien tr thuan co gia tr la 18
/moi pha c noi song song vi mot tai thuan tr khac noi theo kieu hnh Y co gia tr la 12
/moi pha nh hnh ve. Cac tai nay c cung cap bi mot nguon ba pha can bang co gia tr
ien ap hieu dung la 346,41 V (ien ap day) thong qua mot ng day 3 pha co gia tr ien
khang la j3/moi pha. Gia s chon ien pha V
an
lam chuan.
Hnh ve
a.Cng o dong ien, cong suat tac dung va cong suat phan khang cua nguon cung cap.
b.ien ap pha va ien ap day cua pha a tai au noi cac tai.
ap so:
a. I = 40-36,87
0
A
S = 19,2 kW + j14,4 kVAr
b. U
p
= 160 V
U
d
= 277,1 V

Bai tap 8
Cho mot nguon 3 pha co gia tr ien ap hieu dung la 4157 V cung cap ien cho mot tai 3 pha
noi sao can bang bao gom 3 tong tr giong nhau co gia tr la 4836,87
0
. Chon vect ien
ap pha V
an
lam chuan.
a.Gia tr cng o dong ien pha tren moi pha.
b.Tong cong suat tac dung va cong suat phan khang cung cap cho tai.

Giai
S dung cac cong thc t bai tap 1 en bai tap 7

trnh.

Baitap8.m

1
2
3
4
Vd = 4157;
V = Vd/sqrt(3);
phido = 36.87;
phirad = phido*pi/180;

Trang 110
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16

Z = 48*(cos(phirad)+j*sin(phirad));
disp('Cuong do dong dien pha a la')
Ia = (V*(cos(0)+j*sin(0)))/Z
disp('Cuong do dong dien pha b la')
Ib = (V*(cos(-2*pi/3)+j*sin(-2*pi/3)))/Z
disp('Cuong do dong dien pha c la')
Ic = (V*(cos(-4*pi/3)+j*sin(-4*pi/3)))/Z
S = (3*V*conj(Ia))/1000;
disp('Cong suat tac dung (kW) cung cap cho tai la:')
P = real(S)
disp('Cong suat phan khang (kVAr) cung cap cho tai la:')
Q = imag(S)

>> Baitap8
Cuong do dong dien pha a la
Ia = 40.0007 -30.0006i

Cuong do dong dien pha b la
Ib = -45.9817 -19.6413i

Cuong do dong dien pha c la
Ic = 5.9810 +49.6419i

Cong suat tac dung (kW) cung cap cho tai la:
P = 288.0104

Cong suat phan khang (kVAr) cung cap cho tai la:
Q = 216.0086
>>


Giai lai bai tap tren vi cac tai 3 pha c noi theo kieu tam giac. Chon V
ab
lam vect ien
ap chuan.
ap so:
a. I
a
= 150-66,87
0
A
I
b
= 150-186,87
0
A
I
c
= 15053,13
0
A
b. P = 864 kW
Q = 648 kVAr

Trang 111

Bai tap 9
Mot ng day 3 pha co tong tr tren moi pha la 0,4 + j2,7 . ng day cung cap cho 2 tai
can bang 3 pha c noi song song vi nhau.
Tai th nhat: co cong suat la 560,1 kVA va he so cong suat la 0,707 (tre pha)
Tai th hai: co cong suat la 132 kW va he so cong suat la 1.
ien ap pha cua tai tai cuoi ng day la 3810,5 V.
Hnh BT9

Viet mot oan chng trnh, tnh:
a.o ln ien ap day tai cuoi ng day.
b.Tong ton that cong suat tac dung va cong suat phan khang tren ng day.
c.Cong suat tac dung va cong suat phan khang tai au ng day.
Giai
S dung cac cong thc t bai tap 1 en bai tap 7

trnh.
Baitap9.m
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
disp('Dien ap pha tai cac dau tai la')
V2 = 3810.5/sqrt(3)
disp('Tong cong suat bieu kien la')
Zl = 0.4 +j*2.7;
S1 = 560.1*(cos(pi/4) + j*sin(pi/4));
S2 = 132;
SR = S1+ S2
disp('Dong dien tren duong day la')
I = conj(SR)*1000/(3*conj(V2))
disp('Dien ap pha tai cuoi dau gui la')
V1 = V2 + Zl*I
disp('Do lon dien ap day tai cuoi dau gui cua duong day la')
V1L = sqrt(3)*abs(V1)
disp('Ton that cong suat 3 pha tren duong day la')
SL = 3*Zl*abs(I)^2/1000

Trang 112
16
17
18
19
disp('Cong suat 3 pha tai dau gui la: (Ss = 3.V1.I*)')
SS = 3 *V1*conj(I)/1000
disp('Cong suat 3 pha tai dau gui la: (Ss = SR + SL)')
SS = SR + SL

>> Baitap9
Dien ap pha tai cac dau tai la
V2 = 2.2000e+003

Tong cong suat bieu kien la
SR = 5.2805e+002 +3.9605e+002i

Dong dien tren duong day la
I = 80.0079 -60.0078i

Dien ap pha tai cuoi dau gui la
V1 = 2.3940e+003 +1.9202e+002i

Do lon dien ap day tai cuoi dau gui cua duong day la
V1L = 4.1599e+003

Ton that cong suat 3 pha tren duong day la
SL = 12.0026 +81.0179i

Cong suat 3 pha tai dau gui la: (Ss = 3.V1.I*)
SS = 5.4005e+002 +4.7707e+002i

Cong suat 3 pha tai dau gui la: (Ss = SR + SL)
SS = 5.4005e+002 +4.7707e+002i
>>


1.Cho mot tai c noi theo kieu tam giac co tong tr moi pha la 15 + j18 c noi vao
cuoi cua ng day 3 pha nh hnh ve. Tong tr ng day moi pha la 1 + j2 . ng day
c cung cap t mot nguon 3 pha vi gia tr ien ap day hieu dung la 207,85 V.Gia s chon
V
an
lam vect ien ap chuan.

Trang 113

a.Cng o dong ien pha a.
b.Tong cong suat bieu kien cung cap t nguon.
c.Gia tr ien ap day tai au tai.

ap so:
a. I
a
= 12-53,13 A
b. S = 2592 W + j3456 VAr
c. U = 162,33 V

2.Cho mot s o bao gom 3 tai 3 pha c noi song song vi nhau c cung cap bi 1 nguon
3 pha co gia tr ien ap hieu dung la 207,85 V; 60 Hz. Cac tai co cac thong so lan lt nh
sau:
Tai 1: la mot ong c 15 hp lam viec ay tai, hieu suat 93,25 % va he so cong suat la 0,6
(tre, co ngha la vect cng o dong ien tre pha so vi vect ien ap).
Tai 2: la mot tai thuan tr can bang co tong cong suat la 6 kW.
Tai 3: la mot he thong tu ien c noi theo kieu sao vi tong cong suat nh mc la 16
kVAr.

a.Tong cong suat tac dung, phan khang, he so cong suat cua he thong va cng o dong ien
cung cap moi pha.
b.He so cong suat va cng o dong ien cung cap moi pha cua he thong la bao nhieu khi
cac tai thuan tr va ong c cam ng lam viec nhng he thong tu ien c h mach.

ap so:
a. P = 18 kW
Q = 0 kVAr
He so cong suat = 1
I = 50 A
b. He so cong suat = 0,7474 (tre co ngha la vect cng o dong ien tre pha hn
so vi vect ien ap)
I = 66,9-41,63
0
A

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