(-2-'9 +30)7'9

RWIQREVI E GPXSVMMM QIPI

'946-27:
'XV GMXMXSV 9
'VSRWXEXH, GI-M ^MG VSQRI#XI &VE#SZ 13
*KVE# 16
% ZVMI 16
)VQER#XEH 7MFMYP 17
1MPIQFEL 7EW-7IFI# 19
'EVMWFYVK &IPMKVEH 19
8SVHE 19
'PEY^IQFYVK 'PYNYP 20
+VSWZEVHEMR 3VEHME-1EVI 21
4I#XE 23
3JIR &YHE 27
2EMHSVJ 29
6EEF 29
:MWIPFYVK 30
%MQFYVK 30
4VI^FYVK 4SNYRY 30
'YZMRXVM HISWIFMXI 31
:MIRE &IGMYP 33
'YZMRXVM HISWIFMXI 35
'YZRXVM HISWIFMXI 43
*EGIVM HI FMRI 44
7TMXEPYVM 46
"GSEPI 48
'YZRXVM HISWIFMXI 49
'YZRXVM HISWIFMXI 50;
'YZRXVM HISWIFMXI 56
'PEWM 5/
'YZRXVM HISWIFMXI 58
*SP\-+EVXIR 59
4EVEHEMW-+EVXIR 59
4VEXIV. 60
&IPZIHIVI 61
"IQFVYR 65
0E\IQFYVK 69
%Y-+EVXIR 70
(SQFEL 71
'EPIQFIVK #M -.ISTSPHFIVK 72
&EHIR 73
)PIREXEP 73
'YZRXVM HISWIFMXI 75
%MPZEKIR 91
+VE' 95
'YZRXVM HISWIFMXI 95
0EMFEL 96
8VMI#XM 97
:ETSVYP 99
:IRI'MME 103
4EHYE 109
:M'IR'ME ,3.
'YZRXVM HISWIFMXI 111
:IVSRE 92
&VIW'MME 114
1MPERY ,4
'YZRXEVI HISWIFMX 96
4EZMME ,9
'VIQSRE 120
2PERXY - M M M M. - M M 16
'YZRXEVI HISWIFMX 125
7IKLIHMR 125 1ILEHME 127
'YZRXEVI HISWIFMX 127
'YZRXEVI HISWIFMX 129
0MR'.
'YZRXVM HISWIFMXI 136
1MRLIR 139
&MFPMSXIGE 140
'EFMRIX 3VIWG 142 -GSERI #M GEHVI 142 +VHMRMPI 144 "GSEPI, WTMXEPYVM #M
EPXIPI 147
'YZRXEVI HISWIFMX 151
'YZRXVM HISWIFMXI 155
'YZRXEVI HISWIFMX 156
'YZRXVM HISWIFMXI 159
&IVR 160
&MVXYVMPI 163
-.SWERE 165 +IRIZE 166 9RMZIVWMXEXI 168
'YZRXEVI HISWIFMX 172
'EXEVEGXYP 6MRYPYM 174
+PSWEV 181
-RHMGI HI RYQI KISKVE3GI 195
4SWXJE' 225
&MFPMSKVE3I WIPIG'MZ 251
- 3 ^MHMVI R XVIM I ! 'YVM.
-IW TVIQMIVW TVMRGIW MRHMKIRIW (1821-1828). 4EVMW, 7SGMIXI RSYZIPPI HI
PMFVEMVMI IX HIHMXMSR, 1905, T. 176.
- -SR +LMGE, 3TIVI, -, )HMXYVE HI 7XEX TIRXVY PMXIVEXYV #M EVX, 1956, T.
139.
- -SR +LMGE, ST. 'X., T. 155.
- 1MVGIE )PMEHI, -RXVSHYGIVI PE &SKHER 4IXVMGIMGY-,EWHIY, 7GVMIVM
PMXIVEVI, QSVEPI #M TSPMXMGI, IHM'MI GVMXMG GY RSXI #M ZEVMERXI HI &YGYVI#XM,
*YRHE'ME TIRXVY PMXIVEXYV #M EVX, 1937, T. <<<-<.
- '. %. 6SWIXXM, .YVREPYP QIY, )HMXYVE (EGME, 'PYN-2ETSGE, 1974, T. 204.
'86 '-8-836
(I IWXI WPSFSH EGIPYME GI YQFPRH TVMR GEWIPI EPXSVE W ZE^ #M W
KRHIEWG PE E WE, WPSFSH EY JSWX #M QMI, R XSEX GPXSVMME GI W GSTVMRHI
RXVY EGIEWX GVXMGMG, W KRHIWG RY PE GEWE, GM PE TEXVME QIE, PE GEVI GMRI
RY KRHI#XI, RMGM JEGI TIRXVY HRWE SVMGI FMRI, TSEXI R-EVI RMGM GEW, #M HI
EVI, S PEW.
"M HI IWXI WHMX1 3VI#XI R SQ TSLXE E EZIE SVGI PYGVY FYR ZIHI PE
EPXY. #M JV HI E-P LVTM HI PE EGIPE, W W WMPIEWG, HI RY P EVI, W-P G#XMKI,
MEV HI P EVI VY, W-P TVIJEG R FYR. RY TSEXI RMQIRM, HVITX NYHIGRH, W Q
HSNIRIEWG, GGM, R XSEXI TWYVMPI QIPI, RY EQ TYXYX, HYT SVGI ZIHIVI W RY
Q RXSVG GXVI HRWE SGLMM QMR'MM.
4VI EGIWXI ZIHIVM, #M KRHMVMPI GI Q E''E R WY4IX RXQTMREVIE PSV, EQ
WSGSXMX GE TVMR XMTEV W PI GSQYRIWG HSVM'MPSV QMIM GSQTEXVMS'M, QFSPHMX WTVI
EGIEWXE QEM QYPX HI VY#MRI; GGM R FMFPMSXLMGMPI GI EQ Z^YX, TSEXI GMRIZE# W
RGEVGI GEV HI GV'M GSTVMR^XSEVI HI GPXSVMM JGYXI HI IZVSTIM, RY RYQEM
TVMR -RHME #M TVMR 'LMRE, #M TVMR EPXI 'VM #M SWXVSEZI, QEM HITVXEXI #M TY'MR
GYRSWGYXI, GM RG #M TVMR 'VMPI GIPI QEM ETVSTMEXI. -EV PE VVRM RY W-EY Z^YX S
EGIWX JIPM HI GEVXI, RMGM HI EGIME GEVMM EY TYXYX W WGVMI #M QEM QYPXI #M QEM
FMRI.
RJVIREX HI GYRS#XMR'E QMG#SVMVMM QIPI R #XMMR'I #M EWGYPXVMM RXVY
RZ'XYVM, RY E# 3 RHV^RMX RMGMSHEX W ETYG GSRHIMYP. (EV GYQ TYXIEQ,
SGLM EZRH, W RY Z^, Z^RH, W RY MEY EQMRXI, PYRH EQMRXI, W RY
EWIEQR, EWIQRRH, W RY NYHIG FMRIPI #M W RY TSLXIWG E-P JEGI EVXEX
GSQTEXVMS'MPSV QMIM# "M GYQ TYXIEQ W RY RWQRI^ GIPI Z^YXI, HEGE R
XSEX GPXSVME, #M R TVMZMVIE PYGVYVMPSV GIPIE QEM QYPXI ZVIHRMGI HI Z^YX,
RXSZV#MX HI QYP'M SEQIRM HMRXV-EPXI RIEQYVM, M ZIHIEQ TVI XS'M RWIQRRH
#M GYPIKRH FMRIPI GE W-P JEG GYRSWGYX GIPSV HI YR RIEQ GY IM#
&MRIPI P-EY RZ'EX SEQIRMM RXM YRMM HI PE EP'MM, RIEQYVMPI, QEM TVI
YVQ, YRYP HI PE EPXYP, TVIGYQ ZIHIQ R MWXSVMM, G IPMRMM, TVMR GPXSVMM PE
)KLTIX, EY XVEW HI EGSPS PYQRVMVMPI #XMMR'MPSV, QYPXI HMR QI#XI#YKYVM, #M
VSQERMPSV, WXVQS#MPSV RS#XVM, RQYP'MXI PI-EY GSQYRMGEX. -EV EGI#XME R XSEX
)ZVSTE GIE PYQMREX PI-EY VZVWEX, #M EGIEWXE, HMR 7. - R ^M WTSVMRHY-PI,
RWYXMX VSHMXSEVI PI-EY JGYX. "M W JIVMGI#XI RSVSEHIPI TVMR GSQYRMGE'ME FMRIPYM
EHYREX HMR GPXSVMMPI GI JEG RIEQYVMPI, YRMPI TVMR 'VMPI EPXSVE, #M
TYFPMGEVMWMRHY-PI TVMR GV'M.
4PMR IWXI )ZVSTE, TVIGYQ HI EPXIPI, E#E #M HI EWIQIRIE GV'M. 2MGM YR
YRKLM, GIP QEM RIFKEX R WIEQ, HI TQRX, RMGM S 'EV, RMGM YR SVE#, RMGM YR
WEX RY IWXI RIGYRSWGYX PE RMGM YR IZVSTIY, ENYRKI W #XMI GMXM. -EV RSM, GE W RI
GYRSE#XIQ 'EVE FMRI, XVIFYMI W G#XMKQ EGIEWX GYRS#XMR' HMR GMXMVIE E
ZVIYRMM GV'M WGVMW HI IZVSTIY. 1YP'MQI HI MWXSVMM EPI 8VMM 6SQRI#XM W E4
R )ZVSTE, WGVMWI R PMQFIPI IM, #M R PMQFE VSQRIEWG, HEV XSX HI WXVIMRM, MEV
HI ZVIYR TQRXIER EP EGI#XM! 'VM JGYX, RY W TSQIRI#XI. %GYQ HEV, GRH
#M HSQRME IWXI RGVIHMR'EX TI QMRM HI SXGVQYMXSV #M HSQR TQRXIER,
QVMME-WE +VMKSVMI Z SMI Z S H +LMGE, GRH #M #GSEPI RE'MSREPI W-EY E#^EX,
GRH #M 3PSWS3E R PMQFE VSQRIEWG E ZSVFM EGYQE RXM W-EY RGITYX, TVMR
TVMRXIPI MIVSQERELYP )JVSWMR 4SXIGE, TVSJIWSVYP 3PSWS3MM, EPI GVYME SWVHMM RI
HEY JSEVXI FYRI RHINHM, GRH QYP'M HMR RSFMPE XMRIVMQI E TEXVMMM RSEWXVI, HYT
GI #-EY WZV#MX GYVWYP RZ'XYVMPSV R )ZVSTE GIE PYQMREX, R TEXVMI W-EY
RXSVW, TVMR GEVI TYXIQ WE HSFRHMQ #M QYPXI XPQGMVM HI GV'M R PMQFE
RE'MSREP, #M QMNPSEGI WTVI JSPSWYP PYQMRMM, TSHSEF #M FYRIPSV SVRHYMIPM E
TEXVMMM RSEWXVI, ZVIQIE IWXI E RI HI#XITXE, GE RM#XI FYRI KE^HI GEVI, GRH IW
HMR GEWIPI PSV, EHYR TI WIEQE PSV #M E GEWRMGMPSV PSV; E#E #M RSM, EHYRRH
FMRIPI, GEVI HMR GMXMVM HI GV'M FYRI #M JSPSWMXSEVI, GEVI HMR GPXSVMM, GEVI HMR
RXPRMVM #M EHYRVM GY SEQIRM HI RIEQYVM PYQMREXI, W-P QTVX#MQ
GSQTEXVMS'MPSV RS#XVM, #M W-P WHMQ R TQRXYP RSWXVY, WTVI VSHMVI RQYP'MX,
GE W G#XMKQ #M RSM, HI PE YVQXSVMM RS#XVM, QYP'YQMVMPI GI PI EYH QS#MM #M
WXVQS#MM, G'M, WEY HI PE WMRI EY E4EX, WEY HI PE EP'MM EY PYEX #M RI-EY PWEX
ZVIYR FMRI.
'GM MEX, JIVMGMQ TVI M^ZSHMXSVMM2 GV'MM VSQRI#XM, TVMRXIPI 'LMVMM, R EP
#ETXIPIE ZIEG #M RXIQIMEXI R :EPEL ME HI Z SMI Z S H YP :PEH (VEGYPE PE 1439,
HYT WMRSHYP HI PE *PSVIRXME, TVI EHYGXSVMYP XMTSKVE3MM, 1EXIM &EWEVEFE Z
SMIPZ S H; TVI E#I^XSVMM HI #GSEPI, 2MGSPEI Z SMI Z S GJ 1EZVSGSVHEX #M
'SRWXERHMR Z SMI Z S H 1EZVSGSVHEX, GEVIPI EY EPGXYMX
'632"8%8(, ')-P >-' 6312)"8) &6%"3: #GSEPI: IPMRIEWG,
MXEPMRIEWG, XYVGIEWG, WPSZIRIEWG #M VSQRIEWG, #M TVI GIM RXM XPQGMXSVM
EM )ZERKLIPMM #M &MFPMM, MEV 1EXIM &EWEVEFE, R ERYP 1654, #M TVI ^MHMXSVMM #M
^WXVXSVMM HI WTMXEPYVM, WTXEVYP 1MLEM 'ERXEGS^MRS, #M TVI RXMYP M^ZSHMXSV EP
KVQXMGMM, -SER :GVIWGY, #M RXMYP EHYGXSV EP WQR'MM TSVYQFYPYM, MEV
'SRWXERHMR 1EZVSGSVHEX; #M TVI EP'M RGITXSVM #M WHMXSVM HI SVGI FMRI, #M
MYFMXSVM HI SQ, #M JSPSWMXSVM HI SF#XI, GEVI GY GX HI TY'MRM WYRX PE RYQV, GY
EXX #M PEYHE PSV IWXI QEM QEVI, #M ZMRE RSEWXV. E YVQXSVMPSV R RIEQ, #M
RIYVQXSVMPSV R JETXI. IWXI QEM RIIVXEX #M RIXKHYMX.
%GIWX SVE# IWXI R 'MRYXYP 7MFIQFMVKLIR, R NYHI'YP &VWMM, QMG #M
GIX'YMX, HEV RHIWXYP PGYMX, EZRH TIWXI HSE^IGM HI QMM PGYMXSVM, GGM IWXI
ETVSETI HI LSXEVPI 4VMR'MTEXYPYM :EPELMMM, #M RIKS'YP W E4 R QEVI PYGVEVI.
%GIWXE W SXGVQYMI#XI GY EPI WEPI HISWIFMXI TVEZMPI #M SFMGIMYVM, WYTX
WXTRMVIE EYWXVMIGIEWG. "M GRH NPYMXSVMM RY W SHMLRIWG HYT LSXVVMPI
QEKLMWXVEXYPYM EPGXYMX HI RE'ME WWIEWG, TSVRIWG NEPFE PSV PE 7MFMM, #M HI
EGSPS, RIQYP'YQMRHY-W, PE 'PYN, #M HI EGSPS, MEV#, HI RY W ZSV SHMLRM, PE
:MIRE, HI YRHI W H GIE HI WZV#MX LSXVVI.
4QRXYP EGIWXYM NYHI' IWXI, GIP QEM QYPX, GEQ TMIXVSW, HI EGIME WYRX
WMPM'M E-P RKV#E GY KYRSM R XS'M ERMM, #M, R GIPI QEM QYPXI TV'M, E RY WIQRE
PSGYP HI IWXMQ #M PE ERY ZMMXSV. (EV EGIEWX TEKYF GI PI EHYGI EGIWX TQRX,
S QTPMRIWG GY ZVIHRMGMX PSV, 3MRHG EGIEWX RE'MI WWIEWG IWXI JSEVXI
QYRGMXSEVI, GGM FI^ QYRGE GQTYPYM, GEVI S JEG PE ZVIQI #M GY QYPX
WVKYMR' #M FYR GLMF^YMVI, GXI PYGVYVM WYRX E PI WZV#M R GYV'MPI PSV, GYQ
QIPM'EXYP, FXYXYP WRSTMPSV HI KVY, SV^, SZ^ #M EPXI EWIQIRIE PYGVYVM, W
WGSEP RSETXIE GY PYQMR HI PI WZV#IWG.
"M, R WGYVX, YR WXVIMR, GYQ ZE MRXVE R WEXIPI PSV, RYQEM HYTI GIPI GI
ZIHI, GYRSE#XI E PSV ZVIHRMGMI, #M G EY TVEZMPM HVITXI WTVI JIVMGMVIE RE'MMM. 'GM
ZE ZIHIE R XSEXI WEXIPI GEWI HI ^MH GY GXI XVIM #M TEXVY SHM, KIEQYVM TI PE
JIVIWXVI, NEPSKMM ZTWMXI, #M RXV-RWIPI TEXYVM, PZM'M, QIWI, P^M, WGEYRI, XSEXI
ZTWMXI; SKPMR^M, GLMTYVM, GIEWSVRMGI, VRHYVM HI E#XIVRYXYVM HIWXYPI, #M HI
QEW GY TVMWSW, #M SVMGXI ZEWI WTVI KXMVIE FYGEXIPSV #M RXVIFYMR'EVIE QIWMM,
XSEXI PI EY GY TVMWSW, T GX WSGSXIWG G PI-EV XVIFYM TIWXI XSX ERYP. "M R ZIGM
QFVGE'M GYVEX; MEV WEW GY TMGMSV KSP, RY W ZE RZVIHRMGM RMQIRM W ZE^.
4I PE WEXIPI PSV EY JSEVXI FYR SVRHYMEP, WTVI TSHSEF, FYRE ZMI'YMVI
#M RZ'XYVE GSTMMPSV, GGM XS'M GSTMMM XVIFYMI W RZI'I GEVXI RGX W TSEX GMXM
#M E WGVMI, #M GIPI XVIFYMRGMSEWI XVIM WSGSXIPM: EHYREVIE, RQYP'MVIE #M WGHIVIE.
"M TVIS'MM PSV WYRX HEXSVM, S HEX TI WTXQR, HYQMRMGE, PE HSES GIEWYVM
HYTI TVR^, W GYZMRXI^I GXVI XS'M GSTMMM WEXYPYM GI WYRX R ZVWX HI ^IGI ERM,
#M TR W RWSEV, GYQ W-# T^IEWG HEXSVMME GXVI (YQRI^IY, GYQ W W
TSEVXI GXVI TVMR'MM PSV, GXVI GIM QEM FXVRM #M GXVI XS'M WXIRMM3, #M PE
HEXSVMMPI GXVI WXTRMVI, #M GYQ W GYZMRI W PI 3I TIXVIGIVIE FYR #M GMRWXMX,
#M PE ZVIQIE PYGVYPYM HI E 3 JSEVXI WMPMXSVM, RGX XVIEFE HI EWX^ RMGMSHEX W
RY S PEWI TIRXVY QMRI, GGM, E HSE ^M, WEY EPXE TSEXI - W ZE RXQTPE, WEY
ZVIQIE M ZE WXE QTSXVMZE, #M EGIEWXE HI RXV-S ^M PIRIZMVI TSEXI W-P JEG
PMTWMX TIWXI XSX ERYP. "M TI GEVI, HYT QYPXE EY^MVI E TSZ'YMVMPSV4, P ZE HSZIHM
RIEWGYPXXSV #M RIYVQXSV TSZ'YMVMPSV, P #M TIHITWIWG, #M TIHIETWE IWXI
KPSEF PE GYXMME WEXYPYM, GI EY WTVI JEGIVM HI FMRI, HI PE ^IGI GVIM'EVM #M TR PE
YR 3YVMR LVXMI. "M TIRXVY RIGYZMMRGMSEWE YVQEVI E EGIPYM XRV, XVIFYMI W 3I
QVXYVMI GEVI W WI HIE R JE'E EHYRVMM #M E TVMR'MPSV PYM, GGM RMGM EGIM ^IGI
GVIM'EVM RY W HEY HYT ZSME TVISXYPYM WEY E EPXYM GYMZE#, GM HYT HVITXEXI, #M
GGM EGIEWXE W WSGSXI#XI S QEVI VY#MRI R JEQMPME GIPYM KVI#MX.
(MRXV-EGIWXI FYRI RKVMNMVM EPI EGIWXYM RIEQ, NYHIGI 3I#GMRI G YR RIEQ
E#E MYFMXSV HI QYRG, E#E FMRI GVIWGYX, FMRI RZ'EX R HEXSVMMPI WEPI, FMRI
TVZMPRMGMX R HVITX'MPI WEPI, FMRI QREX TI GEPIE JIVMGMVMM, RY TSEXI W RY
ENYRK PE WJV#MXYP WTVI GEVI XSX SQYP TVMZI#XI.
"M HI ZSM ZSX W JEG HIWGVMIVI TIRXVY XSEXI FYRIPI SVRHYMIPM EPI SVE#YPYM
&VE#SZY, GYQ TIRXVY TVIS'MM FMWIVMGMPSV, GYQ WYRX QTSHSFM'M GY XSEXI GIPI
GYZMMRGMSEWI YRYM TVISX; GYQ SVRHYMEPE #GSEPIPSV, YRHI RY IWXI GSTMP, QGEV
HI #PEV, QGEV HI #XVIRKEV, E RY QIVKI WTVI G#XMKEVIE PYQMRMM, #M QYP'MQI
EPXI FYRI GLMF^YMVM #M YVQVM WTVI SHMLRE #M JSPSWYP EGI#XMM RE'MM, QM-EV 3 XVIFYMX
ZVIQI #M LVXMI, QEM ZVXSW R ZVIQI GI EQ W GYZMRXI^ TIRXVY QYPXI SVE#I.
7IQRXYVMPI EPI XSX NYHI'YPYM &VWMM IWXI GIP QEM HMRXM KVYP, ETSM
TSVYQFYP, SZ^YP, VM#GE, WGEVE, GEVXS4MM, SV^YP, QE^IVIE, PMRXIE, JEWSPIE,
QIMYP; MEV FSFYP #M HSZPIGMM, TIRXVY ZMXI. 4SEQIPI WYRX: GMVI#IPI, ZM#RMPI, TIVMPI,
QIVMPI, TVYRIPI, RYGMPI.
(MR &VE#SZ #M TR R *KVE# WYRX TS#XI XVIM: :PHIRM, "VGEME #M
*KVE#YP. 7 XVIGI ETE +LMQF#PY #M &VWE.
*+6%"
3VE# QMG, GY S GIXEXI JSEVXI QMG, R NYHI'YP *KVE#YP; EVI YR TSH
TIWXI ETE 3PXYPYM, PYRKYP TSEXI 3 GE HI STX^IGM WXRNMRM, PEXYP HI XVIM, PYGVEX GY
QEVI QI#XI#YK, RXIQIMEX RYQEM PE GTXMI #M PE QMNPSG RXV-S ^MHMVI 'IETR,
MEV GIPEPERX XSX WTR^YVEX GY QEVI QI#XI#YK EVLMXIGXSRMGIWG *, RGLMW HI
EQRHSE TV'MPI #M RZPMX. 9R EWIQIRIE TSH R XSEX WXTRMVIE
EYWXVMIGIEWG RY EQ QEM Z^YX, MEV JSEVXI QMGM #M GY EWIQIRIE QI#XI#YK
PYGVEXI, WYRX QYPXI.
7IQRXYVMPI SEVI#GI RGIT E W WGLMQFE, 3MRH TSVYQFYP GIP QEM QYPX,
ETSM KVYP #M GIPIPERXI. -EV VM#GE #M WGEVE W QTY'MRIE^, #M HMR TSEQI MEV#
TVYRMPI W RQYP'IWG.
(MR *KVE# TR R 7MFMM, TS#XI XVIM: 9'E, +LMVI^EY #M 7MFMY. 7 XVIGI VYP
*KVE#YPYM TI TSH HI TMEXV, MEV QIVKRH WTVI 1YVI#-:E#EVLIM WEY 1IHMME#,
W XVIGI KVPE 3PXYPYM TI EGIWX TSH GI QEM WYW EQ RYQMX.
%:6-'
%GIEWXE IWXI QS#MME E FEVSRYPYM &VYGLIRXEP, GEVIPI EVI S KVHMR HMR
GIPI HMRXM GI EQ Z^YX, RXVY
%VLMXIGXSR IWXI GIP QEM QEVI TIWXI QI#XIVMM ^MHVMMM, GVYME RSM M ^MGIQ
QIM-QEVFE#E. (EV RZI'EX PE EGEHIQMI #M GY #XMMR' HI XSEXI EGIWXI PYGVYVM.
GEVI EVI WIXYVM5 JSEVXI JVYQSEWI, WGVM HI TMEXV QEVM TI EGIPI WIXYVM,
LEZY^YVM GY #EHVMZERYVM6, ET GYVKXSEVI GEVI GYVKI TVMR QYPXI PSGYVM EPI
KVHMRMM, HMR GEVI JEG #M YR JVYQSW GEXEVEGX7, PRK GEVI IWXI #M S SHM', TI
HMREJEV GTXY#MX GY GSEN HI GSTEGM, EWIQIRIE #M EGSTIVMX, MEV RRYRXVY
JSEVXI JVYQSW QTSHSFMX. 'STEGM VSHMXSVM, EXX HMR GIM HMR TEVXIE PSGYPYM, GX
#M QYP'MQI WXVIMRM, GEVI XVIFYMI MEVRE W W TYMI R 4SVVMI, GYQ #M JIPMYVMQM HI
4SVM EWIQIRIE TQRXI#XM #M WXVIMRI, #M EPII8 HI GSTEGM JSEVXI REP'M #M XYR#M
HVITX, RXSGQEM GE ^MHYP, THYVM' JSEVXI RXYRIGSEW, #M EPXI QYPXI
RJVYQWI'VM, GY QEVI GLIPXYMEP #M QYRG WZV#MXI. "M XSEXI EGIWXIE EGYQE
WYRX HIWXYP WG^YXI HMR GIME GI IVE QEM REMRXI GY HSES^IGM #M TEXVY ERM, GRH
RXMME# HEX EQ Z^YX.
(I EGMME, TY'MR QEM RREMRXI, WTVI 7MFMY, W XVIGI ETE 3PXYPYM GY TSH
QM#GXSV.
)61%2"8%( 7-&-90
"M EGIWX SVE# IWXI R GIXEXI, #M XSX R 'MRYXYP 7MFIQFMVKLIR, R NYHI'YP
WE\MPSV, PGYMX HI HIWXYM HSQRM #M RIKY'XSVM, GGM #M EGMME IWXI RIKS'YP QEVI,
3MRH MEV GY ETVSTMIVI HI LSXEVIPI 4VMR'MTEXYPYM :EPELMMM. 0GYMXSVMM W YVG TR
PE 16.000; #M RXV-EGIWX SVE# EY XSEXI GLMTYVMPI HI FYRI RKVMNMVM: WTVI FYRE
SVRHYMEP, WTVI SHMLR, WTVI TSHSEF #M WTVI RPIWRMVIE RZ'XYVMM #M WTVI
XSEXI YVQVMPI GEVIPI EHYG TI SQ PE JIVMGMVI. %GMME PGYME#XI #M GSQERHMVY
SWX#WG, E GVYME WXTRMVI W RXMRHI TIWXI XSX %VHIEPY, GYQ #M ZMWXMIVMYP
MEV# EP XSX %VHIEPYPYM. "M TI XSX ERYP S HEX W WXVRK PE TSPM'MME YRMZIVWMXEXI
GXI YR WMREXSV HMR XSEXI QEKLMWXVEXYVMPI, #M WZV#WG TVMGMRMPI GIPI
RIWZV#MXI R NYHI'IPI PSV.
0E TSEVXE EGIWXMM GIX'M JSJI^ RY WYRX, HMR TSVYRGE QTVEXYPYM -SWMZ EP
HSMPIE, GEVIPI ZMMRH R TEVXIE PSGYPYM, #M QIVKRH PE LSXEVYP 'MRIRMPSV, YRHI
Z^RH GX EY JSWX HI ERIZSMI E XVIGI GY WMPYMVI S SEWXI ZVNQ#IEWG, GRH
EV 3 JSWX S GX HI TY'MR EHIZVEX QTSXVMZMVI, RXSVGRHY-W PE 7MFMY, EY
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WYRX #M TVSEWXI, GY YR RZPM# HMR ZIGLMQI, JSEVXI YVX, EZRH WXVE#RE WGSEW
EJEV HMR ^MHMVM, TIWXI HSEWTVI^IGI TEPQI, GEVI PYGVY JSEVXI QYPX WYTV
JVYQYWI'E SVE#YPYM; YPM'MPI MEV# JVYQSEWI, GGM WYRX JSEVXI PEXI. S EWIQIRIE
P'MQI RXV-EPXI SVE#I R-EQ Z^YX. MEV TEVHSWEPE XSX GY TMIXVI VXYRHI, GE R
7MFMM #M R &VE#SZ.
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XS'M GIMPER'M ZEVE S TIXVIG TI PE QS#MM, MEV MEVRE W WXVRK R 'PYN. %GIWX RIEQ
HI SEQIRM IWXI JSEVXI MYFMXSV HI WXVIMRM: QIWMPI PSV WYRX FSKEXI #M WPSFSHI, #M
GY FYGYVMI TVMQIWG TI 3I#GEVI, QEM ZVXSW TI EGIME GEVI GY RHV^RIEP RXV
R GEWIPI PSV, GGM RY W TVIE RHEXSVIE^ HI TSPMXMGE GIE QYPX #M QMRGMRSEW.
-EV RSVSHYP YRKYVIWG RY IWXI JIVMGMX. 7YRX QFVGE'M TVSWX, EY PGYMR'
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XVIGIVIE RIKY'XSVMMPSV, GM XSX RIKS'YP IWXI TI WIEQE XVIFYMR'MM SVS#ERMPSV.
"M EGMME GY HISWMFMVI W YVQIE^ XSEXI GIPI WTVI FYR SVRHYMEPE
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KEPFIRM.
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QS#MMPI PSV; #M WGSX WSMYVM HI GEM JSEVXI FYRM #M JVYQS#M. 'LMEV IY EQ Z^YX GEP
HI TVI' GMRGM #M #EW QMM 3YVMRM LVXMI, HEV #M GYQTV EVQWEVM WXVMRM, GE HI
TVI' HSE E ^IGM-XVMM^IGM QMM 3YVMRM. 1EM QYPX W ZRH EGI#XM GEM WTVI
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#M R EPXI PSGYVM QEM HTVXEXI.
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R XSX 'MRYXYP 7MFIQFMVKLIR WYRX FM HI EYV, EVKMRX, EVEQ, SGRI HI WEVI,
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XVIFYMR'MM SVS#ERMPSV. RXV-EGIWX SVE# WYRX #M XVIM FMWIVMGM JVYQSEWI: YRE E
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QM#G, EMF QGEV HSES^IGM HI GEM. 2YQIPI EGIWXSV WEXI WYRX EGIWXIE:
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XVIGI ETE 8MWE.
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E4E, ZIHI, R GXI TEXVY TV'M, PSG GE #M HI ^IGI GIEWYVM, GGM HIEP WEY GSTGIP
RY W ZIHI, HIGX RYQEM R WEXI. 'RH IWI GPXSVYP HMRXV-YR WEX ZIHI TI GIP
HMR REMRXI WEX TEVG EV 3 HVYQ HI YR GIEW, HEV XSX XVIFYMI W GPXSVIEWG GIP
TY'MR GMRGM GIEWYVM TR ZE ENYRKI. 4I EWIQIRIE HVYQYVM GPXSVMRH SQYP, #M
TI QEVI, GYVRH XVIFYMI W QFXVRIEWG.
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9RKEVMMM LVRIWG #M EPXI 'VM.
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GGM YRMM PYGVIE^ TI ER 104 HI ^MPI, MEV GIM HMR %VHIEP, GI W LVRIWG HI
WXTRYP QS#MMM, 198. 9RMM PYGVIE^ #M QEM TY'MR, HYT XSGQMVMPI GI EY TVMR
PIKXYVM GY WXTRMM; #M EGIWXIE ^MPI WYRX FI^ ^MPIPI GI PYGVIE^ R XVIFYMR'EVIE
QTV'MMM, GYQ PE JSV#TERYVMPI, EHIG PE XVIGIVMPI S3'MIVMPSV SWX##XM, #M PE
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TIWXI ER, FSPREZ GXY#
HI TY'MRI ^MPI, RY #XMY HI PI ZSV QEM VQRIE ^MPI W QYRGIEWG TI
WIEQE PSV. "M GY XSEXI EGIWXIE WYRX QEM JIVMGM'M HIGX VSQRMM RS#XVM, GEVI
PYGVIE^ RYQEM 12 ^MPI TI ER. %GYQ NYHIGI 3I#GEVI, GEVI TSX 3 TVMGMRMPI HI E
3 QEM R FYR WXEVI EGIME GEVI QYRGIWG EPXSVE TIWXI 200 ^MPI T ER, HI GIM GI
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W RE#XI #M TR QSEVI, GYZMRXIPI: EHS FERM! GY JIPMYVMQM HI QMNPSEGI
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EWGYPXI XSX GYVWYP E XYXYPSV RZ'XYVMPSV, GYQ #M E HSLXSVMMM. 3HM GY FYG'M
HIWTV'MXI HMR XVYTYP SQYPYM, R QYPXI JIPMYVMQM XMEXI, #M EGIWXI XSEXI JGYXI
HI GIEV, RXSGQEM #M JV HI RMGM S HISWMFMVI HMR GIPI EHIZVEXI, GYQ #M GSTMM
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EP'MM GXI HSM PMTM'M, #M EPXI QYPXI EWIQIRIE, XSEXI TIRXVY RZ'XYVE HSLXSVMMM.
"M GETMXEPY E XYXYPSV EGIWXSV #GSEPI IWXI EXX HI QEVI, RGX H ZIRMX TI XSX
ERYP ETVSETI HI TEXVY WYXI QMM 3YVMRM, #M XS'M EGI#XM FERM W GLIPXYMIWG, TI
3I#GEVI ER, RYQEM TI WIEQE RZ'XYVMM.
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TR EGYQE, WXVIMRI #M YRKYVI#XM, HMR RGITYXYP WXTRMVMM 9RKEVMMM #M TR
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GY TQRXYP PSV, TVIGYQ #M TMIM HI XSEXI RIEQYVMPI HSFMXSEGIPSV GI W E4 R
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PIQR, HI TQRX, HMR TMGXYVE ETMM GEVIPI W JEG GY RQYP'MVIE ERMPSV, #M S
QYQMI10 #M EPXI QYPXI SEWI HI EPXI HSFMXSEGI JSEVXI QEVM.
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HSMPIE HYT QTVEX, QVME-WE TEPEXMRYP, GI PGYMI#XI R &YHE, GEVIPI IWXI QEM
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(^MHMX HI ZVIHRMGYP HI TSQIRMVI QTVEXYP -SWMZ EP HSMPIE) QTVINYV GSTVMRHI
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R TEVHSWIEP, #M E#XIVRYXI GY GSZSEVI HI GIPI WGYQTI, #M LEMRIPI HI QFMEX
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WYRX FMPI, EPXI SHM HIWXYP HI JVYQSEWI #M QTSHSFMXI. 8SEX GYVXIE IWXI S
KVHMR JSEVXI JVYQSW RXSGQMX, EZRH PE QMNPSG YR LEZY^ GY #EHVZER (W-EY
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#M E LEMRIPSV; EP HSMPIE, JVYQYWI'IE TSHSEFMM SHMPSV #M, EP XVIMPIE, EGIE QMG
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1SPHSZMM #M R &EVE 8YVGIEWG. "M HMRXV-EGIWXIE 'VM MEV# HYG PE :MIRE, #M QEM
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GEVPI, #M EPXIPI TI (YRVI.
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2SVSHYP W YVG TR PE 35.000; S#XMVMPI HSESWTVI^IGI.
7IQRXYVMPI XSX EGIPIE: KVMYP, SZ^YP, WIGEVIE #M TSVYQFYP, PMTWMRH
VM#GE GY XSXYP; MEV TSEQIPI #M PIKYQMPI EWIQIRIE XSX EGIPIE, #M QEM QYPXI.
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TR WIEVE TVMR TMI'M, #M SVMGEVI YRHI ZSMI#XI W QIEVK. R SVE# #M EJEV,
WEY GY ETVSTMIVI, WEY GY HITVXEVI. XSGQI#XI #M W QTPMRI#XI XVIFYMR'E.
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9RKEVMMM; HYT EGI#XM #ETXI WYRX EP'M HSMWTVI^IGI, #M HYT EGI#XIE EP'M YRE
WYX, HMR GEVI YRMM #H PE &YHE, #M EP'MM R 4I#XE. %GMME PGYMI#XI YR ITMWGST
RIYRMX HI FMWIVMGE 6WVMXYPYM. (MR WYWYP SVE#YPYM #M HMR NSW WYRX FM
QIXEPMGI#XM, 3VI#XM JIVFMR'M. 4VI YR QYRXI HIWXYP HI REPX, INXI S GEW HI
SFWIVZE'MI EWXVSRSQMGIEWG13 YRHI PIGYMI#XI TVSJIWSV. (I EGMME QEM RXM,
IWXMQT, EY Z^YX GSQMXYP GI W-EY EVXEX. 4VMRXV-EGIWXI HSE SVE#I GYVKI ETE
(YRVMM, TE GEVI MI QTVIYR YR TSH JGYX TI PYRXVI, GEVIPI H ZIRMX TI XSX
ERYP 60 QMM 3YVMRM LVXMI PE &YHE, #M 60 PE 4I#XE. *SEVXI JVYQSEW ZIHIVI IWXI
HI E ZIHIE GMRIZE# HMR SVE#YP &YHMM TI SVE#YP 4I#XMM, GYQ #M HMR 4I#XE TI
&YHE. 1EM ZVXSW TI TSH IWXI S TPMQFEVI QMRYREX, GGM W ZH EQRHSE
SVE#IPI, GYQ #M QYP'MQI HI PYRXVI QEVM, RIKY'XSVI#XM, #M QMGM, HMR WYW #M HMR
NSWY TSHYPYM; TVIGYQ #M WYQ HI XVIGXSVM RIGSRXIRM'M HI PE YR SVE# PE EPXYP, #M
GPXSVM. %GMME, WTVI WEV, IWXI GIE QEM JVYQSEW TPMQFEVI GEVI TSEXI 3, WTVI
E TIXVIGI GMRIZE# GY QYP'YQMX PYM.
0GYMXSVMM WYRX ETVSETI PE 20.000, MEV SWXE#MM GMRGM QMM.
7QRXYVMPI XSX EGIPIE, EWIQIRIE #M TSEQIPI; MEV ZMMPI HI XSX
RXIQIMEXI, EZRH HIEPYVM RIGYVQEXI.
0GYMXSVMM EGIWXSV HSE SVE#I WYRX JSEVXI FPR^M, #M WXTRMVIE PMRM#XMX;
RY W EYH KPGIZYVM, RY W ZH FXM, RY RIGMRWXIWG TI WXVIMRMM GEVI RY-M
WYTV, RY W ZH R XSX QMRYXYP VHMGVM TI PE RGLMWSVM, GYQ EQ Z^YX R EPXI
SVE#I, YRHI TSPM'MME IWXI QEM MYXI, #M XSX SEQIRMM JEG VIPI QEM QYPXI. (EV EGI#XM
SVS#ERM TEVG EY HEWGP TI PMRM#XMXE ZMI'YMVI E ZMIRI^MPSV; GGM EGSPS GIE QEM
HMRXM KVMN #M HEXSVMI E 3I#GVYME EGIEWXE IWXI: E RY EHYGI EPXYME GXY# HI
TY'MR WYTVEVI.
(MR &YHE TR R 2EMHSVJ WYRX TS#XI XVIM: :IVI#ZEV, (SVSK #M 2EMHSVJ.
2%-(36*
"M EGIWXE IWXI YR SVE# QMG, XSX R 'MRYXYP 9RKEVMMM, R &EVE-HI-7YW, GGM
HMRGSEGI HI (YRVI W GLIEQ &EVE-HI-.SW. (I EGMME RREMRXI, GE HI S TS#X
HVYQ, WYRX XSX GEWI RIGYVQEXI, YRHI #H TMIXVEVM GEVI PYGVIE^ JSEVXI JVYQSW,
#M XSEX TMEXVE GX EQ Z^YX-S R PYGVEVI EZIE JE'E QELSRYPYM, EHIG:
TY'MRXIP QEM RGLMW HIGX JE'E PIQRYPYM XMWE.
7QRXYVMPI #M TSEQIPI, EWIQIRIE.
(I EGMME #M TR R SVE#YP 6EEF, TS#XI GMRGM: 2IVQIPM, 'YQSVMR, )#M,
+LIRMY #M 6EEF.
6%%&
%GIWX SVE# IWXI QEVI, XSX R 'MRYXYP 9RKEVMMM, R &EVE-HI-7YW. 'YVKI
TVMRXV-RWYP KVPE 6EEF, TI GEVI GY QI#XI#YK S QVIWG #M S QMG#SVIWG, 3MRHG
EGMME W PYGVIE^ PYRXVM QEVM TIRXVY QVJYVM; #M GRH ZVIYRE IWXI KEXE, YQ4
ETE #ER'YPYM, #M M H HVYQYP PE QEXG. 4I EGMME ETVSETI GYVKI #M (YRVIE,
YRHI RXV ETE 6EEF, #M QTSXVMZE SVE#YPYM IWXI YR SWXVSZ, GEVI P RGYRNSEV
HSE HIWTV'MXYVM EPI (YRVMM, TI GEVI WYRX WEXI #M WIQRXYVM.
(I EGMME TR R :MWIPFYVK, TS#XI HSE: ,SLWXVEW #M :MWIPFYVK.
:-7)0&96+
3VE# QMG, XSX R 'MRYXYP 9RKEVMMM, R &EVE-HI-7YW. 4I EGIWX HVYQ IWXI S
GEW HI MGSRSQMI E PYM TVMR' 'EVSP, YRHI EY QYPXI ZMXI, GYQ #M ZEGMPI GIPI
RIKVI #M GIPI VS#MM, TIRXVY GEVI ^MG G HEY PETXI HI GMRGM SVM QEM QYPX HIGX
GIPIPERXI. "M EPXI QYPXI ZMXI, YRHI 3I#GEVI RIEQ EVI HISWMFMX KVENH GY
HISWMFMXI GYV'M, EPII #M PMZI^M, XSEXI ZVIHRMGI HI ZIHIVI.
(I EGMME TR R %MQFYVK, TS#XI XVIM: 6EKLIRHSVJ, 'LMXXIW #M
%KLIQFYVK.
%+,)2&96+
"M EGIWX SVE# QMG, XSX R 'MRYXYP 9RKEVMMM, R &EVE-HI-7YW. %GM ETVSETI EVI
KVEJY &Y'IR S KVHMR JSEVXI QEVI, GY HISWIFMXI PYGVYVM.
46)>&-.6+ 43.329
3VE# QEVI #M JVYQSW, R QEVKMRIE (YRVMM, #M GY XSEXI GIPI WTVI SHMLR
#M TSHSEF SVRHYMIPM. %GMME, R ZIGLMQI, EY JSWX WGEYRYP QTV'MMM 9RKEVMMM;
EGMME #M TR EWX^ W TWXVIE^ XSEXI EGIPI WIQRI EPI WXTRMVMM. %GMME EQ
EZYX RSVSG HI E ZIHIE RGSVSRE'ME E QVMVMM-WEPI QTVXIWMM E QTVEXYPYM
%YWXVMMM, *VER'M#G EP HSMPIE, GI W-EY WZV#MX PE ERYP 1825, WITXIQZVMI 25, PYGVY
EHIZVEX ZVIHRMG HI ZIHIVI #M RWIQREVI. 2Y ^MG EGIEWXE GGM Q-EQ WTIVMMEX
HI PYQMRSEWIPI PYGVYVM QTVXI#XM, RMGM HI QVMVIE TSHSEFMM YRKYVMPSV GIPSV HI
QEVI RIEQ #M FSKE'M, GM GGM, IY XSEXI G IVEQ RIQTVX#MX HI HVITX'MPI
EGI#XMM WXTRMVM, GE YR WXVIMR, HEV XSX RY EQ TYXYX W-Q STVIWG PEGVQE, GEVI
QM W-EY TVMGMRYMX HI QYP'MQIE KPWYMVMM #M WXVMKVMM E RSVSHYPYM, GI, GY XSEX E
PSV WY4IXIEWG QYP'YQMVI, M YVE JIVMGMVI, GYZRXRH: 8VIMEWG QTVXIEWE
RSEWXV! ('9:286- ()37)&-8)14
%GIWXI RIGSRXIRMXI KPEWYVM #M WXVMKVM EPI RSVSHYPYM #M EPI QYPXSVE
PEGVQM HI FYGYVMI, JGIE TI 3I#GEVI W W GYXVIQYVI. (EV IY, GEVIPI QM-EQ
EHYW EQMRXI G, TI PE RSM, PE EGIWX JIPM HI TEVEHMI, YRMM RNYV, EP'MM WGYMT #M
QYMIVMPI FPIWXIQ# 'GM RY RYQEM RY EY TVMGMR TIRXVY GEVI HMR XSX WY4IXYP W
YVI^I FMRI WXTRMXSVMPSV, GM QTSXVMZ.
*SEVXI QMG PYGVY IWXI #M JV HI QYP'YQMVI WY4IXIEWG, JV HI PEYH #M
GMRWXI, HI E WXTRM YR SQ RGEV QYPXI QTV'MM, GY E WE RYQEM XMVERMGIEWG
TYXIVI #M TVTHIRMME RSVSHYPYM. "M MEV#M, QEVI JIVMGMVI, QYP'YQMVI
WY4IXIEWG, PEYH #M GMRWXI IWXI, GRH YR WXTRMXSV IWXI RGVIHMR'EX G EGIP
TY'MR RSVSH TI GEVI IP P SXGVQYPI#XI, G P MYFI#XI, #M HI EGIME RY EVI RMGM
TVMGMR E W XIQI HI EP WY! RSVSH, GM R ZIGM IWXI TRXVI IM, JV HI RMGM S
TE^. 1EM ZVXSW, GYQ P WMQTXI, HMR XSEXI TV'MPI M WXVMK: :MZEX!. %GIWXI
ZIHIVM, EY^MVM #M KRHMVM QM-EY WXTRMX XSEXI WMQ'MVMPI, MEV RY ZIHIVIE WXVPYGMVMM
PYGVYVMPSV QTVXI#XM.
(MR XSEXI YPM'IPI, JIVIWXVMPI, Y#MPI #M HYTVMR ZPM#YP GEWIPSV (GGM QYPXI
GEWI HI^ZPMWIV, GE W RGET PYQIE) M#E EGIWX JIPM HI WXVMKVM, RGX KRHIE
GMRIZE# G W GYXVIQYV TQRXYP, HMR VWYRIXYP KPEWYPYM EP. 2SVSHYPYM. 0E
GEVI QTVXIEWE IVE WMPMX HI FYRZSMR'. GGM TI PE RSM, GRH YR QMG W
RGLMR GIPYM QEVI, EGIPE-M VWTYRHI RYQEM GY S GYXEVI E N GSEHMM SGLMYPYM.
W VWTYR^ GY S RIGSRXIRMX QYP'YQMVI, GY TPIGEVI HI GET R XSEXI TV'MPI. %
N GVMME ZIWIPMI, TIRXVY GMRWXIE RSVSHYPYM, SFVE^YP GIP ZIWIP S QVXYVMWIE.
(MR XSEXI TV'MPI 9RKEVMMM, EY JSWX WXVR#M GIM QEM HI RIEQ #M QEM FSKE'M
YRKYVM, GYQ #M HMR XSEXI SVE#IPI HITYXE'M15 #M EP'M QYP'M, #M HMR GIM QMGM, GYQ #M
:MIRE, QEM HI#VXEX. %GI#XIE XS'M, JSEVXI QTSHSFM'M GY LEMRIPI RE'MSREPI, #M
TEVEHME GYV'MM, W-EY HYW, #M PYRH TI QTVXIEWE HI EGEW, EY HYW-S PE
FMWIVMG, YRHI, HYT SFMGMRYMXE WZV#MVI E WPYNFMM, N M-EY TYW GSVSERE16
9RKEVMMM TI YQIVI, (GGM R GET W TYRI RYQEM GRH GLMEV QTVXIEWE
WXTRI#XI). "M PE RXSEVGIVI EZIE S EPX GSVSER, QEM QMG, #M M SFMGMRYMX, MEV
GSVSERE 9RKEVMMM S EHYGIE R YVQE QTVXIWMM, RXV-S GEVX HI#GLMW, TEXVY
MR#M, HSM HMR TEVXIE FMWIVMGIEWG, #M HSM HMR TEVXIE TSPMXMGIEWG, TI S TIVR HI
3V, 'MMRH 3I#GEVI HI YR GSP' EP TIVRMM. %#MNHIVIE EPXI #EWI GEVXI HI#GLMWI, GY
GSGSERI EPI GYV'MM. 4SHSEFE, EXX E GEMPSV YRKYVI#XM, GX #M E XIPIKEVMPSV, M E
GEVXIPSV #M E 3I#GVYME VRH HI TEVEHMI IWXI HI TVMWSW E TVIE PYRKM, GGM IY
ZSMIWG W EVX RYQEM QYP'MQIE QYP'YQMVMM GI EY GIVGEX WY4IXYP EGIM
QTVXIWM, TIRXVY GMRWXIE #M HVEKSWXIE GI M-EY EVXEX RSVSHYP, #M E RSVSHYPYM
GXVI WXTRMVI QYP'YQMVI #M HVEKSWXI, #M XMGPS#MME E PGYMXSVMYPYM :EPELMMM.
(MR 4VI^FYVK TR R :MIRE TS#XI GMRGM, YRHI, PE GIE HMRXM, IWXI #M
LSXEVYP 9RKEVMMM HI GXV %YWXVME: %MQFYVK, 6MIKLIP^FYVK, *M#EQIRH, "ZILEX #M
:MIRE. (MR 4VI^FYVK WTVI :MIRE QIVKRH, IWXI YR HVYQ, GE HI HSES GIEWYVM #M
QEM QYPX, GY ^MH HI TMEXV TI EQRHSES TV'MPI, GEVIPI TI PE YRI PSGYVM IWXI
QEM REPX HIGX JE'E TQRXYPYM QEM QYPX #M HIGX HSM WXRNMRM, #M GY EPII, PYGVY
ZVIHRMG HI ZIHIVI.
:-)2% &)+-M90
%GIWX SVE# IWXI WGEYRYP QTV'MMM %YWXVMMM, YRHI QTV'I#XI
TVIERRP'EXYP EJXSGVEXSV1 *VER'MWGYP EP HSMPIE, HI PE ERYP 1792, MYPMI R 14.
%GIWXYM SVE# HEVYVMPI WYRX RITSQIRMXI. RY ^MG TSHSEFE ^MHMVMPSV
- 8MXMYPY# QTVXIWG: HMR WMRI# QTVEX.
WEY EPXI RJVYQYWM'VM, GGM IWXI JSEVXI ZIGLI, GM ^MG SVRHYMEPE
SGVQRMVMM GIE QMRYREX, #M GIPI HYTI QTVINYVYP SVE#YPYM TSHSEFI. GYQ
KVHMRMPI, GI WYRX YRMPI QTVINYVYP :MIRMM, #M EPXIPI GY HITVXEVI HI YR GIEW #M
HSE, TI GEVI XVIFYMI GMRIZE# W PI YQFPI HIWXYP ZVIQI, W PI ZE^ HI QYPXI
SVM #M GY FKEVI HI WIEQ, GE TI YVQ RIGSRXIRMX W TSEX TSZIWXM PYGVYVM
ZVIHRMGI HI E PI WTYRI.
2Y IWXI QEM JSPSWMXSV PYGVY HIGX E TVMZM GMRIZE#, GY QEVI FKEVI HI
WIEQ, QMNPSEGIPI GY GEVI WXTRMVIE #-EY EHYW TI XSX RSVSHYP, QEVM #M QMGM, PE
S E#E FYR SVRHYMEPE #M PMRM#XMX ZMI'YMVI, RGX XS'M TIXVIG GE RM#XI JVE'M, #M,
QEM ZVXSW, E ZIHIE GMRIZE# FPRHI'IE GIPSV QEVM, GI EVEX GXVI GIM QMGM. "M
E EGIPSV HI XSX TVS#XM ZMI'YMVI MEV IWXI ZVIHRMG HI TMPH. 'GM TIWXI TYXMR'
IWXI RXV-YR E#E QYPX RSVSH W ZE^ SQYP HSM SVS#ERM KPGIZMRHY-W WEY
SGVRHY-W, 3MRHG TI EGI#XIE M VHMG TSPM'MME, TI GEVI RXM M GIEVX TIRXVY
E PSV RIGYZMMRGMSEW YVQEVI, GY GEVI EHYG HIWJMQEVI PE XSX SVE#YP, ETSM PI
GIVGIXIE^ TVMGMRE GEVI TSX EZIE.
"M GYQ RXV-YR E#E QMG SVE#, TI PRK QYP'MQIE RSVSHYPYM, W-EV GYZIRM
W RY QEM EMF GMRIZE# PSG W YQFPI HI QYP'MQIE GEVPSV GI EV XVIFYM W RXVI
#M W MEW, GVRH GIPI XVIFYMRGMSEWI WTVI LVERE EGIWXSV SV#IRM #M TIRXVY
^MHMVMPI GIPI RSE GI W JEG, #M, HYT ZVIQI, HVIWYVMPI GEWIPSV. (EV #M EGIEWXE
IWXI RXV-S E#E FYR SVRHYMEP, RGX VEV W ZIHI GEV. 2YQEM EGIPI GY PIQRI
GEV WYRX WMPM'M W PI HIWGEVGI RREMRXIE TVZPMMPSV, YRHI RY EY GYV'M, MEV
GIPIPERXI XSX EY ZVIQI LSXVX, JSEVXI HI HMQMRIE', RXVI RSETXI #M RXVI ^M,
#-ETSM, GRH SVS#ERMM RGIT E YQFPE, GEVPI WYRX HIQYPX I#MXI EJEV, #M
HVYQYVMPI XSEXI YHEXI #M QXYVEXI HI GIM SVRHYM'M.
9R PYGVY, #M RYQEM, IWXI WYTVXSV: TVEJYP GIP QYPX HMR TMIXVI, GEVIPI W
TVMGMRYMI#XI HMR RIGSRXIRMXYP YQFPIX EP GEPI#XMPSV, GY XSEXI G RY WXEY HMR YHEX
#M QXYVEX. ('9:28%6! ()37)&-8))
&I^ EGIEWXE WYTVEVI 1111 QEM IWXI EPXE, GM RYQEM SF#XIEWG ZMI'YMVI
ZIWP #M JIVMGMX, GEVI W TVMGMRYMI#XI HMR HVITXIPI LSXVVM TVEZMPRMGI#XM, GI RY
W EY TYXIVIE YVQVMPSV RYQEM GXVI GIM QMGM, GM #M GXV GIM QEVM, #M RY RYQEM
GXVI GIM WVEGM, GM #M GXVI GIM FSKE'M. "M E#E, 3I#GEVI, HYT E WE EZIVI #M
EKSRMWIEP, VWTYRHI #M HVITXYP QTVEXYPYM; MEV RY GIP QEVI #M FSKEX RMQMG,
GGM P SGSPI#XI TYXIVIE, #M GIP QMG #M WVEG W HIE XSX, SVMGI EVI, JV HI E QEM
VQRIE #M TI WIEQE PYM, GE YRYP GI IP EY QYRGMX, #M E#E R ZIGM W
QYRGIEWG, RIGSRXIRMX W HIE, #M PYM RMQMG W RY-M VQMI; IM, GYQ EQ ^MW,
TPXIWG XS'M HYT WXEVIE GEVI EY. 'GM SGVSXMXSVYP GIPYM QMG #M RITYXMRGMSW IWXI
GLMEV TVEZMPE GIE HVIETX, PIKMYMX, GEVI, JV HI HISWMFMVI, R ZIEG W YVQIE^;
MEV RY GE TI PE RSM, YRHI QM XVIFYMI LVXMI HI ZSM ZSM W R#MV RYQIPI EGIPSV
XVR'VS#M #M GY TMGMSEVIPI KSEPI, WEY WXVIMRM WEY TQRXIRM, GEVI, JV HI EZIVI
HI S WYX PIM, EY ENYRW, R TY'MRM ERM, QMPMSRM#XM GY TEPEXYVM17 #M GY QS#MM,
RXSGQEM GE JEQMPMMPI GI PI EKSRMWIWG R ZVIQI HI HSE-XVIM WYXI ERM, #M RY
ENYX RMGM TEXVME, RMGM XVIFYMR'IPI SVE#YPYM, GY RMGM YR QMNPSG, QGEV W HIE HMR
EZIVIE PYM HMRXV-S QMI YRE; GM WXVRK RYQEM HMR EZIVIE RSVSHYPYM, JV HI E W
JSPSWM #M RSVSHYP HI PE IM. "M, R WGYVX, HYT EGIPIE GEVI #XMY, GRH GLMEV IY EQ
JSWX R WPYNFIPI TEXVMMM, ^MG G XS'M EGI#XM QYP'M WTIGYPER'M, WXTRMVIE GY XS'M GIM
HMR TVMQTVINYVY-M, #M, JV HI HISWMFMVI, XSEXI XVITXIPI HVIKXSVMMPSV, HI PE QEVI
TR PE GIP QEM QMG, RIGSRXIRMX #M JV HI QMPSWXMZMVI, ^PIMIWG XSEX WYHSEVIE
RSVSHYPYM, JV HI E TVMGMRYM RMGMYRYP EGIWXYM RIEQ, EGIWXSV JVE'M, JSPSW QGEV
GX FSFYP HI QIM.
R WEXI, GEWIPI WXIRMPSV, EHIG E EGIPSV TVS#XM FMVRMGM, WYRX HI ^MH,
RXSGQEM GE TI PE RSM, TVMR SVE#I, GEWIPI FSMIVMPSV; MEV SVRHYMIPMPI GIPI FYRI
EPI EGIWXSV WEXI RMGM G W TSQIRIWG TI PE RSM R SVE#I, GGM EGIPI WEXI EY
XLIEXVI, HSLXSVM, KIVELM, WTM'IVM, #GSEPI, TVIS'M ZVIHRMGM HI TVIS'MI, #M XSEXI
WZV#MXI TVMR RKVMNMVIE WXTRMVMM; ETSM, #M R GEWIPI PSV EZIVIE QEM GY TVMWSW,
HYTI GYQ EQ EVXEX R WEXIPI WWI#XM; #M EGIWX WXIER H HYT WXEVIE PYM,
EHIG 50 WEY 100 3YVMRM, MEV QMPMSRM#XMM ZMIRI^M #M HMR EPXI SVE#I HEY 50 WEY S
WYX HI QMM; MEV RY GE PE RSM, YRHI, JV HI HISWMFMVI, XS'M GEYX RYQEM HMR
WTMREVIE VYQRYPYM W ME, HMR GEVI TVMGMR PI WYRX #M WTMRVMPI KSEPI, JV HI E
JEGI #M PYM YR GX HI QMG ENYXSV #M FMRI.
1YPX Q-EQ HITVXEX HMR HIWGVMIVIE :MIRMM, HEV QYPX QM W-EY #M EQVX
WY4IXYP Z^RH EHIZVEXE JIVMGMVI E EPXSV RIEQYVM.
'EWIPI GIPI HMR 'IXEXIE :MIRMM WYRX TY'MRI, RYQEM TIWXI S QMI XVIM WYXI,
HEV WYRX JSEVXI REPXI, GXI #ETXI #M STX VRHYVM; #M TI YRHI WYRX YPM'MPI JSEVXI
WXVQTXI, RMGM G ZH WSEVI R ZIGM. 0E EGIWX JIPM HI PSGYVM PYGVIE^ #M ^M S E GY
PYQREVIE.
2YQVYP E PGYMXSVMPSV, EXX E GIPSV HMR 'IXEXIE :MIRMM, GX #M HMR 32
QELEPEPI GI WYRX QTVINYVY-M, XVIGI TIWXI HSES WYXI QMM.
&MWIVMGE GIE QEM ZIWXMX HIGX XSEXI IWXI E 7JRXYPYM "XIJER, GEVI IWXI
PYGVEX GY QEVI QI#XI#YK EVLMXIGXSRMGIWG, TIRXVY GEVI QYPXI RWIQREWIVQ,
HEV HYT GI EQ Z^YX FMWIVMGE HI PE 1MPER, PYGVEX GY EWIQIRIE EVLMXIGXYV,
RW GY QEM HISWMFMX TSHSEF #M QI#XI#YK, GE W RY WGVMY HI HSE SVM XSX
EGIPIE PYGVYVM, PI-EQ VHMGEX.
4ME'I18 EVI GMRGMWTVI^IGI, HMR GEVI GIPI QEM HISWMFMXI WYRX: EP
QTVEXYPYM -SWMJ EP HSMPIE, GVYME M-EY HEX EGIEWXE RYQMVI TIRXVY GMRWXI #M
EHYGIVI EQMRXI, QTSHSFMX 3MRH #M GY WXEXYE QTVEXYPYM, JGYX HI EVEQ,
HI HSES SVM QEM QEVI HIGX YR WXEX HI SQ, QFVGEX GY LEMRI VSQERI#XM, #M R
GET GY GYRYR HI HE3R, GPEVI TI YR GEP MEV HI EVEQ, GY TSXVMZMX QVMQI,
TYW R QMNPSGYP TMI'MM TI YR QEVI XIQIM ^MHMX HI TMEXV.
4ME'E E 7JRXYPYM "XIJER, YRHI IWXI EGIEWX ZIWXMX FMWIVMG, GI QEM WYW
EQ ^MW.
4ME'E 73RXIM 8VSM'M, GEVI EVI R QMNPSG YR WXPT HI QEVQYV, REPX GE HI
^IGI WXRNMRM, GEVI 3MRH JGYX R XVIM GSP'YVM, HMR XVIM TV'M GYVKI #M ET R
^KLMEFYVM QEVM HI QEVQYV, #M HI PE GYVWYP ETMM #M TR R ZVJ WYRX QYPXI
GLMTYVM, XSX HI QEVQYV, HMR GEVI YRMPI RGLMTYMIWG 'MRE GIE HI XEMR, EPXIPI
TI 7JRXYP (YL, EPXIPI ^MHMVIE GIPYM HMRXM SQ, #M EPXIPI JEQMPME PYM 2SI GI EY
WGTEX HMR TSXST.
:VIHRMG HI TIHIETW IWXI GIP GI ZE 3 ZIRMX R :MIRE #M RY ZE 3 Z^YX
EGIE QEVI ^MHMVI RXVY GEVI IWXI WXVRWSEVI HI EVQI, GGM EGM RY EVI E ZIHIE
GMRIZE# RYQEM EGIME GI RYQMVIE GYZRXYPYM RWIEQR, EHIG G WYRX EVQI
QYPXI WXVRWI, GM EGIME GI QMRXIE SQYPYM RY TSEXI WSGSXM, #M HI EGIME ZIHIVIE
RYQEM P ZE QYP'YQM. QTVINYVYP EGI#XMM GYV'M, TI PRK ^MHYP GEWIPSV, TSEXI
WYRX TIWXI GMRGM WYXI XYRYVM, QEVM #M QMGM, SFMGMRYMXI #M HISWMFMXI, GYQ #M TMZI
GY GEVI EVYRG GYQFEVEPMPI. 8SEX JE'E ^MHYPYM HIWTVI GYVXI R#MVYMX GY YR
PER' HI 3IV, KVSW GE TI QR #M PYRK QEM QYPX HI S WYX WXRNMRM, PYEX HI PE
XYVGM, R V^FSM, GY GEVI ZVIE W RGLM^ (YRVIE HMRXV-S QEVKMRI #M TR R
EPXE, WTVI E RY TYXIE XVIGI ZEWIPI. -EV RXV-EGIE QEVI ^MHMVI WYRX SHM
RGLMTYMXI #M WPM QEVM GY WXPTM, XSEXI RYQEM HI EVQI, JV HI E W ZIHIE RMGM
S FYG'MG HI ^MH, GYQ #M EGIM WXPTM XSX HI EVQI R#MVEXI. YRMPI HMR ZIEGYP HI
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GPXSVI#XI GY GIEWSVRMGYP R QR, #M HI W ZE RXQTPE, TIRXVY SVMGEVI
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^MPI, ETSM #M TI PE FMVXYVM, TIRXVY QRGEVI, TPXIWG GY QYPX QEM TY'MR, HIGX
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PE EGIPIE FMVXYVM, HI EGIME IWXI #M XSGQMX GY FMVXE#MM, HIREHMRW, HI E W TPXM QEM
IJXMR. "M HI ZE ZSM GMRIZE# W ME HISWMFMX EMPZEKLIR, TI WI. -QE PYM, GEVX
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GGM RXV-EPX GLMT RY EVI EGIPI G#XMKYVM, 3MRHG W RYQI#XI G QIVKI GY
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EYHI ZSVFMRH XSEX ^MSE, RIQEMHRH EPXYME ZVIQI HI ZSVF; TI EPXYP ZIHI
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#M TI EPXYP GYXRH GXVI XS'M QRHVY #M GY RIFKEVI HI WIEQ; #M EPXYP XSEXI
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QEM RIRZ'EX HIGM XS'M, QMVRHY-W.
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%VI YR XLIEXVY JSEVXI QEVI #M JVYQSW, RXVY GEVI RGETI TIWXI 3.500
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GEVIPI, 3MRH JSEVXI QYPXI, WXEY TI PE QYPXI PSGYVM, #M GEVI YRHI ZSMI#XI W
QIEVK, XSGQI#XI #M # QTPMRI#XI XVIFYMR'E, RXSGQEM GYQ WYRX TI PE EPXI
SVE#I 3EGVMPI. %WYTVE EGIWXSV GEREPYVM WYRX 360 TSHYVM HI TMEXV FSPXMXI, TI
WYTX GEVI XVIG WPSFSH PYRXVMPI.
'EWIPI, T# EJEV, RY WYRX JVYQSW QTSHSFMXI, HYT SFMGIMYP
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JVYQYWI'IE #-EY TMIVHYX-S; HEV YVQIPI W GYRSWG. 7 GYRSE#XI G EY JSWX
EGIWX SVE# YR GI HISWMFMX, W GYRSE#XI G EY PGYMX RXV-RWYP SEQIRM QEVM, #M
G S HEX EY HEX TVEZMP R XSEX )ZVSTE. %GM ZIHI GMRIZE# JIPMYVMQI HI
MWZSEHI HI ^MHMVM, ZIHI QYP'MQI WXEXYI, RGX TSEXI ^MGI SQYP G 3I#GEVI GEWE
IWXI S FYGEX HI ERXMG, TIRXVY GEVI EPIEVK SEQIRMM TVMR 'VM WTVI E PI KWM1
#M E PI ZIHIE R SHM; HEV XSEXI EGIWXIE EY TPIGEX 9TVI S E#E HVTREVI,
RGX TSEXI WQYM EGIWX SVE# GY YR SQ XVIGYX HI 100 ERM, TI GEVIPI, HYT GI
P-EY PWEX XSEXI TYXIVMPI, #M W E4 RXVY E#E TVSEWX WXEVI,! WX PRK IP #M YR
XRV ZSMRMG #M JVYQSW, GEVIPI TVM- ZI#XI GYQ, HMR ^M R ^M, W HIE FXVRYPYM
FVRGM R - VT. (EV GY XSEXI EGIWXIE, GYQ EQ QEM ^MW, HMR N GIPI GI ZIHI
3I#GMRI, TSEXI NYHIGE G EY JSWX S HEX - ZVIQI GRH R-EY QEM JSWX EPX SVE#
QEM JVYQSW, QEM R TYXIVI #M QEM PYQMRSW. 'GM PE 3I#GEVI TEW GI N JEGI SQYP,
ZIHI PYGVYVM GI EY JSWX WZV#MXI GY QEVM GLIPXYMIPM, GYQ 4ME'E 7JRXYPYM 1EVGY,
GEVI IWXI HIWXYP HI QEVI, E GVMME XVIM TV'M WYRX XSX ^MHMVM! HI GEWI, YRHI TI
EGIE ZVIQI PGYME XS'M HYGLMM, GEVI IVE GIM QEM QEVM EM 7MREXYPYM. %GIWXI XVIM
TV'M HI ^MHMVM # EY JI'MPI HIWTVI TME' TI WXPTM, R VRHYP GIP HI NSW; RXVI SHM
#M RXVI WXPTM, WYRX YPM'I WPS FSHI, HI TMGMSV, PEXI HI HSM WXRNMRM, TEVHSWMXI GY
PIWTI^M HI TMEXV. R XSEXI SHMPI HI NSW, GI W GSTVMRH RXVY EGIWXIE XVIM TV'M
EPI TMI'MM, WYRX TVZPMM GEVI ZRH QVJYVMPI GIPI QEM WGYQTI, #M QYP'MQI HI
PSWXVMM. HI RY ZE 3 QMRGMYR, GYQ QM-EY WTYW, G WYRX TIWXI WYX. YRHI
HEY XSEXI JIPMYVMQMPI HI FYXYVM, EZRH RREMRXI E Y#MPSV QI#GMSEVI #M - WGEYRI.
%GIE TME' #M EGIPI XVIM YPM'I WYRX TPMRI HI SEQIRM, HI #^XSVM #M XVIGXSVM,
YRHI GMXIWG KE^IXYVM, HEY #M TVMMQIWG WGVMWSVM, #M SVMGEVI # WZV#I#XI SVMGI
XVIEF; #M QEM ZVXSW WIEVE, GRH WYRX XSEXI EGIWXIE PSGYVM PYQMRSEWI, EZRH,
FI^ JIPMREVIPI SVE#YPYM, #M 3I#GEVI TVZPMI #M PSWXVMI GXI HSES-XVIM PYQRVM.
0E GIE HI E TEXVYPIE TEVXI #M GET TMI'MM IWXI &MWIVMGE 7JRXYPYM 1EVGY; #M
RREMRXIE Y#MPSV FMWIVMGMM WYRX 3 WXPTM JSEVXI REP'M, GEVI QVXYVMWIWG FMVYMR'E
GRH EY WXTRMX ZIRI'MMERMM 'LMTVY, 'VMXM #M 1SVIME. 0E WXRKE, RXV-S ^MHMVI
REPX, YR GIEWSVRMG; HIEWYTVE GIEWSVRMGYPYM IWXI S WGSFMXYV R ^MH, RXVY GEVI
IWXI 1EMGE 4VIGIWXE RXVYTEX #M TSPIMX GY EYV. 0E HVIETXE #M PE WXRKE, HSES
Y#M MEV# TSPIMXI, #M HI PE YRE TR PE EPXE, FEPGSR HI 3IV. R ^MSE WVFXSVMM
RRP'VMM, HYT GI FEXI GIEWYP HMRXM, W HI#GLMHI Y#E GIE HMR HVIETXE, HMR
GEVI IWI YR RKIV, MEV# RXVYTEX #M XSX TSPIMX, #M TVMR FEPGSR QIVKRH, TR
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YRHI, ETVSTMMRHY-W, W HIWGLMHI #M RXV RKIVYP. %XYRGM, HMR Y#E GIE HMR
HVIETXE, IW EGIM 3 ZVNMXSVM, MEV RXVYTE'M #M TSPIM'M, GY HEVYVMPI GI EHYG GXVI
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PE EGIE WVFXSEVI YVQIE^ E#MNHIVIE, MEV R GIMEPERX ZVIQI VQRI RYQEM
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EVEQ, GEVI 'MR GMSGERI R QR #M FEX GIEWYVMPI. -EV PE HVIETXE IWXI S
GPSTSXRM' QEM REPX HI 25 WXRNMRM. 'YQ #M EPI FMWIVMGMM, HI QMVEVI PYQMRSEWI
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SFMGRYMIWG HI E W ^YKVZM RXVY S FMWIVMG, R PSG HI E 3 ^YKVZMXI, WYRX
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MEV# QS^EMG TSPIMX R EYV. "M TEVHSWIEPE FMWIVMGMM, GY FYG'M HI TMIXVMM QEVM #M
QVYRXI JGYXI 4SVM, GE YR GLMT HI QS^EMG. "M, TI EJEV, FMWIVMGE, RYQEM XYVRYP
MEV# PYGVEX QS^EMG. "M HIEWYTVE Y#MM GIM HI PE QMNPSG WYRX SEXVY GEM XSVRE'M
HMRXV-S EQIWXIGXYV HI QIXEPYVM, GI TR R ^MSE HI EWX^M RY TSX E4E
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QTXVMX HIGX ZIVHIPI-EPFEWXVY #M R^IGMX GE EYVYP. (EV EVWXG JI'I RY
HISWMFMXI, GM EQIWXIGEXI, GYQ W ZIHI JE'E YRIPSV FYG'M HI QEPHILM, GI WYRX
R HSES JI'I. 0E GTXMYP EGI#XMM QEVM RMI'M, PE QRE HVIERX, W QTVIYR YR
GES HI EPX TME', EP GVYME GIPEPERX GET W MWTVZIWXI R QEVIMRIE QVMM. 0E
HVIERXE EGI#XMM TMIXM, MEV WYRX QEVM ^MHMVM GY WXPRM #M GY YPM'I RXVI SHM, GEVIPI
W 'MR XSX YRE HI ^MHMVMPI RMI'MM GIM QEVM. -EV PE WXRKE IWXI S QEVI ^MHMVI YRHI
TI EGIE ZIGLI ZVIQI PGYME GIP QEM QEVI HSM, SXGVQYMXSVMYP :MRI'MMM, #M
EGYQE EY FMFPMSXMG #M EPXI QYPXI PYGVYVM HI QEVI SVI'. % EGI#XMM ^MHMVM
QI#XI#YKYP, JVYQYWI'IE #M RISFMGRYMX SSHSEF RI ZVIQIE HI EGYQE WYRX
ZVIHRMGI HI ZIHIVI, QEM ZVXSW S WIEV FSPXMX, E GVMME FSPX IWXI HI PIWRI^M
HI QEVQYV GY QYP'MQI QMGM WXEXYI #M JIPMYVMQM HI JSMVM, #M #XSGEXYVM
EVLMXIGXSRMGI#XM, XSEXI HI QEVQYV #M E#E EXVREXI, RGX WSGSXI#XI SQYP G S
W GE^; #M XSEXI EGIPIE WGSWYVM PYGVEXI R EYV. -RXVY S WEP QEVI, TI YR TEX,
TYW MI'YP HSNMM, #M QTVINYVYP E XSEXMM WPM, 3 VRHYVM HI NI'YVM, TIRXVY EGIM HYGLM
#M TIRXVY SEQIRMM GIM WXVIMRM GI W XVMQIXIE HI PE EPXI QTV'MM W ZSVFIEWG
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HI 3 #M 4 WXRNMRM, RXVY GEVI W GSTVMRHI EGIPI XVMQMWI TIVWSERI #M XSEX
'IVMQSRMME GI W GSTVMRHIE HI TIVWSERIPI GIPI TQRXI#XM. %PX WEP GY QYPXI
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HISWMFMXI TIVWSERI, HMR GEVI GIPI GI EQ RWIQREX WYRX: WXEXYME PYM 3HMWIM, E
'LMZIPMM, E %XLEREPMM, E %VXIQMHMM, E %JVSHMXMM, LVTMVIE PYM +ERMQMH, QTVIYREVIE
PYM >IJW GY 0MHE, RNYRKLMIVI HI ZMX WTVI NVXJ, #M EPXI QYPXI, XSX HI QEVQYV.
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-.000-35.000; #M GGM GIM TY'MRM W-EY LSXVX GE, RIKVI#MX, WEY W G#XMKI
FXEME, WEY RMGMYRYP W RY WGETI GY ZME', HI EGIME GIM TY'MRM EY G#XMKEX; MEV
GIM QYP'M W-EY FMVYMX, GE RM#XI SEQIRM XVMQM#M R WMP; GYQ #M S MGSER RXVY GEVI
W GSTVMRHI VEMYP; #M RXVY EPXE, VSFMVIE 1SVIMM, TI GEVI S EY ^YKVZMX R GLMT
HI QYMEVI PIKEX GY PER'YVM, #M SXGVQYMXSVMYP SWX#IWG S H R QRE #M
WXTRMVIE :IRI'MMM, 3MRH #M IE ^YKVZMX MEV R GLMT QYMIVIWG, WXRH R NI'YP
QTVXIWG. #M EPXI QYPXI EWIQIRIE ^YKVZIPM. %TSM EPXI SHM, GY GV'M, HMR
GEVI GIPI QEM HISWMFMXI WYRX QERYWGVMTXYVM.
(MRXVY EGIEWX HI EP HSMPIE TME' W QTVIYR YR HVYQ PYRK GE HI YR
GIEW, #M JSEVXI PEX. TI PE YRMPI PSGYVM #M HI 10 WXRNMRM TEVHSWMX XSX GY PIWTI^M
HI TMEXV, EZRH, PE QRE WXRK, QTVIYREXI ^MHMVM HI GEWI, MEV PE QRE
HVIETX, QEVKMRIE QVMM, GY QYPXI GSVFMM #M PYRXVMM. 0E WJV#MXYP EGIWXYM HVYQ
IWXI S KVHMR JSEVXI JVYQSEW, WPSFSH TIRXVY XSEX SF#XIE SVE#YPYM, YRHI
^MG G EY JSWX S QRWXMVI GY QYP'M GPYKVM, TI GEVI, Z^RHY-M &SRETEVXI, M-
EY RXVIFEX GI PYGVY QYRGIWG WTVI JSPSWYP SF#XMM# "M W3R'MME-PSV VWTYR^RH G
RMGM S QIWVMI RY EY, GM RYQEM WYRX VYKXSVM GXV (YQRI^IY, EY TSVYRGMX HI
E-M KSRM TI XS'M, W QIEVK WTVI RYMRG, #M EGIP PSG W VQMI TI WIEQE
SVE#YPYM GE W-# VZIVWI FYRXEXIE PE XSEX SF#XIE. 7-EY RXQTPEX ^M, GRH
EQ Z^YX XSX EGIWX HVYQ, GY EQRHSES TMI'IPI GI W QTVIYR, TPMR HI
SEQIRM, PER' 'MMRHY-WI YRYP HYT EPXYP; #M, PE RXSEVGIVI, 3MRH RSETXI, #M QEM
JVYQSW, 3MRH XSX HVYQYP PYQMREX, #M XSEXI EGIPI TVZPMM, R PYRKMQIE EGIPYM
HVYQ, HIWGLMWI #M PYQMREXI. -EV RXVY EGIE QEVI TME' RY QEM QIVKIE RMQIRM
YRHI ZVIE, GM YRHI RSVSHYP P QFVRGIE, YRHI GRXE #M QY^MGE GIE
SWX#IEWG; #M XSX EGIP PER' HI SEQIRM EGMME W QFYP^IE.
%VI #M S XEVWERE JSEVXI QEVI, YRHI W PYGVIE^ GSVFMM, PYRXVMM HMR RSY, #M
EPXIPI, ZIGLM, W TVIJEG; YRHI ^MG G W E4 R PYGVY, ^M GY ^M, TIWXI 500
SEQIRM. %GM PGYMIWG #M QYP'M SWXE#M. 7YRX #M QYPXI SHM, GY EHYREVI HI EVQI #M
HI QYPXI EPXI PYGVYVM HMR ZIGLMQI, GYQ #M R :MIRE, YRHI W E4 #M GLMEV GSMJYP
EGIPYM RYQMX %XMPE.
%GIWX SVE# 3MRH XSX ^MHMX R QEVI, RY EVI RMGM YR PSG HI E HE GIPI
XVIFYMRGMSEWI WTVI LVERE SVS#ERMPSV, HEV RY RYQEM G RY PMTWI#XI RMQMG HMR
GIPI GI WYRX TVMRXV-EPXI SVE#I, GM TSGM ^MGI G WYRX #M QEM GY TVMWSW HIGX RXV-
EPXI TV'M, EHYGRHY-W GY RPIWRMVI, HI TVMR TVINYVEXIPI WEXI, XSEXI JIPMYVMQMPI
HI ZIVHI'YVM, PIKYQM, TSEQI, TWVM, GEVI, HYT GI W ZRH R QYPXI PSGYVM
LSXVXI, YQFP #M QYP'M SEQIRM TI HVYQYVM GY GS#YVM TPMRI, TR #M GY KMRM,
VE'I, K#XI, XSEXI NYQYPMXI, WXVMKRHY-PI TI HMREMRXIE JIVIWXVMPSV. 2IPMTWMRH
RMGMYRE HMR GXI EQ RYQMX PE 8VMI#XM, #M QEM ZVXSW #M GY TVMWSW, GGM RSVSHYP
IWXI QEM QYPX HIGX PE 8VMI#XM, ENYRKRH R RYQV HI S WYX QMM.
(I PE :IRI'MME #M TR PE *Y^MRE, QEVKMRIE TQRXYPYM WTVI -XEPME, IWXI
GEPI, TI QEVI, HI YR GIEW.
4%(9%
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SEQIRM HIGX EV GSTVMRHI SVE#YP, GGM TVMR TMI'I IWXI MEVF GVIWGYX. -EV
HVYQYP HMR *Y^MRE #M TR EGMME, #M WTVI XSEXI WEXIPI -XEPMMM, IWXI PYGVY ZVIHRMG
HI ZIHIVI, #M EXX, RGX RY TSEXI GMRIZE# GVIHI, TR E RY ZIHIE. 'GM HYT
GI IWXI E#^EX TMEXVE TI HVYQ RXSGQEM GE QEWE, ETSM #M HI EQRHSES
TV'MPI WYRX #ER'YVM GY ET GYVKXSEVI, TI PRK GEVI WYRX EPII HI GSTEGM
QEVM, #M PE YRI PSGYVM RHSMXI #M GY WTEPIV, PYGVY GI EFME TSEXI GMRIZE# E-P
ZIHIE TVMR KVHMRM JGYXI GY QYPXI GLIPXYMIPM. %TSM, FI^ JVYQYWI'IE
HVYQYVMPSV, TI EQRHSES TV'MPI HI HVYQ WYRX PSGYVMPI HI WIQRXYVM, #M
3I#GEVI QYRGMXSV # EVI PSGYP RGLMTYMX RXSGQEM IE S KVHMR, LSXVX R 4
GSP'YVM #M QTVINYVEX GY #ER', TVMR GEVI GYVKI ET. "M GRH GYRSE#XI G
WIQRXYVMPI EY XVIFYMR' HI YHXYV, RY E#XIETX RXQTPXSEVIE TPSEMI, GM
RGLMHI #ER'YP HI PE ZEPI TVMR WXEZMPE GI 3I#GEVI EVI, #M ETE, YQ4RHY-W, W
VZEVW TIWXI XSEXI WIQRXYVMPI, #M GRH RY QEM EVI XVIFYMR', # VHMG
WXEZMPE. 4I PRK EGIWXI #ER'YVM GI QTVINSEV PSGYP 3I#GVYME, WYRX EPII HI
GSTEGM, #M E#E W 'MR PER' PSG HI PSG, HISWMFMRHY-W PSGYP YRYME HI EP EPXYME GY
EGIPIE #ER'YVM #M EPII. (I EGIME ^MG G R -XEPMME RY XVIFYMI SQYP W
GPXSVIEWG GY TS#XI, GM GY TMGMSVYP; GGM TVIWXI XSEXI PSGYVMPI RY EVI EPX E
ZIHIE HIGX KVHMRM GY EGIWXI EPII #M QTVINYVEXI GY #ER'YVM, #M EGIPI QEVM
KVPI, HMR GEVI XVEK ETE TI #ER'YVM, #M, ETVSTMMRHY-WI HI WEXIPI PSV, EY E ZIHIE,
FI^ XSEXI GIPIPERXI TSEQI, #M VSHMM, WQSGLMRM, PQM, TSVXSGEPM. -EV TIRXVY
RGLMTYMVIE WQRXYVMNSV GU 3I#GEVI EVI RXVY EGIP SGLM HI PSG, QEM REMRXI ZSM
GYZRXE. %TSM ZE ZIHIE GPXSVYP #M GEWI QEVM HI ^MH, GY WXEXYI #M GY FEPGSERI
HI 3IV, #M EPXI QYPXI TSHSEFI.
%GIWX SVE# 4EHYE IWXI ^MHMX HI ERM 1700, #M TR E RY W ^MHM :IRI'MME,
EGMME IVE WGEYRYP SXGVQYMVMM. "M GGM W EWYTVIE TVIE QYPX HI GVEMYP %XMPE, W-EY
^MHMX :IRI'MME #M W-EY XVEW WXTRMVIE EGSPS.
7IQRXYVMPI GIPI QEM QYPXI IWXI TSVYQFYP, GEVIPI W WIEQR HI
HSES SVM RXV-YR ER. 'RH Q-EQ E4EX R -XEPMME, R PYRE PYM EZKYWX, GIP HMRXM IVE
GYPIW, MEV GIP HI EP HSMPIE RGITYWI E JEGI #XYPIXI. %TSM KVYP, SZWYP, SVI^YP #M
XSEXI GIPIPERXI, GYQ #M XSEXI JIPMYVMQMPI HI TSEQI GI EQ GYZRXEX PE 8VMI#XM,
HEV GY QEVI HISWMFMVI PE HYPGIE'E #M QMVSWYP PSV.
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#M HI 10 SVM; #M EGIEWXE RY W YVQIE^ GGM IWXI SVE#YP TVIE QYPX PGYMX, GM,
QEM ZVXSW, QTSXVMZ; GM GGM EGIWX RIEQ IWXI JSEVXI MYFMXSVM HI QY^MG #M ZSV
TVIE QYPX W EY^ JETXIPI GIPI ZMVXYSEWI #M MVSMGI#XM EPI EGIPSV QEVM #M ZVIHRMGM
HI PEYH SEQIRM HMR ZIGLMQI. "M GIP QEM WVEG SVS#ER XVIFYMI W QIEVK GY
RIZEWXE #M GY GSTMMM. GYQ EQ Z^YX #M PE WEXIPI %YWXVMMM, FMVRMGM GY RIZEWXE #M
GY GSTMMM PE XLIEXVY; GGM, RXV-EGIWXI PSGYVM, WSGSXIWG XLIEXVMPI HI JSPSWMXSEVI,
3MRHG RI EVEX TMPHIPI EGIPSV ZVIHRMGM HI TSQIRMVI. ('9:286- ()37)&-8)
%GIEWX SVRHYMEP RY W YVQIE^ GE TI PE RSM, YRHI IWXI YR XLIEXVY R
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EFMME WYRX 100 SEQIRM. "M EGIEWXE QMG#SVEVI W TVMGMRYMI#XI GGM, R RE'MSRYP
VSQRIWG, ZSVFIWG R XLIEXVY PMQFE RIQ'IEWG, TEVG EV 3 WMPMX EGIWX RSVSH
HI E #XM XS'M PMQFE RIQ'IEWG. "M TIRXVY EGIEWX YVQEVI EQ T'MX S HIWXYP
VY#MRI R :MIRE, GGM, RXQTPRHY-Q PE S EHYREVI, YRHI IVE #M YR IRKPI^,
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QFVGQMRXI XYVGIEWG, EY GIVGIXEX HI YRHI WYRX. "M HYT GI EY E4EX G
WYRX HMR &YGYVI#XM, EY RGITYX W WTYMI G, GRH EY JSWX R &YGYVI#XM, GY QEVI
VZR EY EPIVKEX PE XLIEXVY, GE W EY^ EVXEVIE R PMQFE RE'MSREP; YRHI,
EY^MRH G ZSVFIWG R PMQFE RIQ'IEWG, EY RXVIFEX TI EGIME GY GEVI ZIRMWI
(GEVI #XMME VZRE PYM, HEV HIREHMRW RY M-EY WTYW G PE XLIEXVY ZSVFIWG R PMQFE
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W E4 R XLIEXVY, RYQEM E ^IGIE TEVXI TSX TVMGITI, EY ^MW G EGIWX PYGVY RY
RYQEM RY P-EY Z^YX R GX PYQI EY YQFPEX, GM RMGM G GVIHI G RXV-EPX TEVXI
ZSV ZSVFM R XLIEXVY RXVY EPX PMQF, GM RY RXVY EGIE RE'MSREP. 'GM E
3I#GVMME 'EV XLIEXVY IWXI RXIQIMEX RXM TIRXVY RE'MSRYP PYM, ETSM W
RXQTP HI ZMR #M EPXI XVYTYVM WXVIMRI. (YT EGIEWXE EY RGITYX W RXVIFI HI
RY EVI EGIWX RE'MSR PMQF #M WGVMWSEVI RE'MSREPMGIEWG. 'EVI EGIWXI ZSVFI
RIKVI#MX XSEXI PI JGYWI R &YGYVI#XM, GY EGIME HI GEVI EY JSWX RXSZV#MX: GM
EGMME EY HI#GLMW EGIEWX ZSVF RYQEM GE W Q FYGYV IY, EY^MRH GYQ
ZSVFI#XI JVYQSW TIRXVY RE'MME QIE. .YHIGI EGYQ 3I#GMRI, GX EQ JSWX HI
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QIPI. 3 QMRGMYR TVIJGYXE# 2-EQ TYXYX, GGM IVE QYP'M GEVI RY RYQEM #XMY
GIPI GI W YVQIE^1, GM TEVG EY GSRHMGI #M HI ZMI'YMVIE 3I#GVYME. "M HI EY
^MW EPXYP G R &EVE 6SQRIEWG QYP'M #XMY PMQFE RIQ'IEWG, MEV RY Q-EY
ENYXEX, GGM M W-EY QTSXVMZMX, ^MGRHY-M G 200 RIKY'XSVM #M 20 FSMIVM GI #XMY
EGIEWX PMQF RY TSX 'MRIE XLIEXVY, #M GIMPER'M, RITVMGITRH, RY TSX KWM
TPGIVI, #M E#E RE'ME RY TSEXI EPIVKE. "M G HI EV 3 ZSVFMX R XLIEXVY R PMQFE
RE'MSREP, HYT PYQIE GI IP EY Z^YX R &YGYVI#XM, #M 4 XLIEXVI EV 3 TY'MRI.
%TSM, RXSVGRHY-Q PE 7MFMM, QM-EY WTYW #M YR TVMIXIR HI QMVEVIE #M VWYP
EGIWXYM IRKPI^, MEV EWYTVE XLIEXVYPYM, #M GY EPXI QYPXI TVMWSWMVM. %GYQE RY EQ
GI EPX QEM QYPX ^MGI, HIGX G GIP GI RY EVI QRHVMI RE'MSREP, VQMI
RIWYTVEX.
:)632%
"M TR PE EGIWX SVE#, HVYQYP XSX E#E RJVYQYWI'EX IWXI, RGX WXVIMRYP
GPXSV XVIFYMI W ZSVFIEWG RXM TIRXVY HVYQYVM, ETSM TIRXVY SVE#I.
%GIWX SVE# IWXI HIWXYP HI JVYQSW #M EXX HI QEVI RGX EVI XVIFYMR' HI
PGYMXSVM, MEV RY PGYMXSVMM HI RSES ^MHMVM.
8SX SQYP TI HVYQYVM XVIFYMI W WI FYGYVI; MEV R SVE#I RXVRH, W W
RXVMWXI^I; GGM, HMR GIPI GI ZIHI, NYHIG QVMQIE RXVY GEVI W E4E RXVY EGIM
ZIGLM ERM.
%VI XVIM XLIEXVI, HEV GIP QEM ZVIHRMG HI RWIQREVI IWXI GIP GI W
RYQI#XI EQ3XLIEXVY1. 'GM HI#M EY JSWX R EPXI PSGYVM EQ3XLIEXVI QEM QEVM
HIGX EGIWXE, HEV W-EY WXVMGEX, RIQEMVQMRH EPXYP R 3MR' GE EGIWXE, TIWXI
XSEX PYQIE. 2MGM G IWXI EGYQE R PYGVEVI, GGM EGIPI HMR ZIGLMQI NSGYVM RY PI
QEM JEG; #M QEM ZVXSW G, GE W W YQTPI EGIWX EQ3XLIEXVY HI SEQIRM,
XVIFYMI W ZMI EGYQE TVMZMXSVM HMR EPXI XVIM-TEXVY SVE#I. "M HMRXVY EGIEWX
RYQEM QVMQI, W GYRSE#XI G TR E RY ENYRKI EGIWX SVE# R WGHIVI, ZE 3
EZYX TSTYPE'MI TIWXI S WYX QMM WY3JIXI, #M EGYQ TSEXI RY ZSV 3 RMGM HSE S
^IGM QMM. >MHMVIE EGIWXYM EQ3XLIEXVY IWXI XSEX HI ^MH, R JSVQE SYPYM, #M XSEXI
PZM'MPI HI FSPSZERM HI TMEXV. XVIM TEPQI PEXYP, #M HSS REPXYP. E#^EXI TI
EGIE ^MHMVI. "M E GIPYM HMRXM VRH HI PZM'M, HYTI TQRX, XSX SGSPM#Y IWXI HI
100 WXRNMRM. %WYTVE EGI#XMM PEZM'I, EPXE, QEM RHVTX #M QEM REPX, MEV HSS
TEPQI REPXYP #M XVIM PEXYP. "M EWYTVE EGI#XMM HI EP HSMPIE, EPXE, #M XSX EWIQIRIE
YVQRH, PVKMRHY-W RHVTX #M YVGRHY-WI, TR W QTPMRIWG 44 HI PZM'M, HI
NYVQTVINYV, XSEXI HI PIWTI^M HI TMEXV QEVM, GYQ EQ ^MW. -EV SGSPM#YP GIP HMR
YVQ #M QEM REPX IWXI HI WXRNMRM 400. 4I EGIWXI XSEXI PZM'M RGET XVIM^IGM HI
QMM SEQIRM, E GVSVE YVGY#YP IWXI TVMR 40 WGVM. -EV TIRXVY GIM GI JGIE
NSGYVMPI, WYRX HSES TSV'M QEVM, FSPXMXI, TI WYTX EGIEWX ^MHMVI, YRE QTSXVMZE
EPXMME, PE GETIXIPI EQ3XLIEXVYPYM (GGM EQ ^MW G EVI JSVQE SYPYM). .SGYVMPI IVE
EGIWXIE: WVMXYVM, EPIVKXYVM GXI HSM QTVIYR, EVYRGXYVM HI TMIXVMM, FXM GY
TYQRMM #M PYT XEVM; #M GEVI HMR NYGXSVM G#XMKE, EZIE PSG LSXVX, HI GMRWXI, R
ZMPIEK, YRHI W #M YVGE. -EV GEVI W FMVYME, GE YR VY#MREX JYKIE WYTX FSPXE
EGIPSV TSV'M. %GMME #M GRH EZIE ZVIYR SQ LSXVX HI QSEVXI, EHY- GIE RXVY
EGIP QMNPSG EP EQ3XLIEXVYPYM S NMKERMI, TI GEVI S QTVINYVE GY YR QEVI FEPGSR
HI 3IV, YRHI FKE #M TI EGIP SQ, #M W PYTXE; #M HI TYXIE W S SQSEVI, #
HSFRHIE WPSFS^IRMME; MEV HI RY, W JGIE NVXJ E EGIM NMKRMM.
'YVKI TVMRXV-EGIWX SVE# KVPE 0EHMW. -
2YQVYP SVS#ERMPSV ENYRKI TR PE 20.000. (IM EGMME, HSES GIEWYVM
RREMRXI, IWXI YR SVE# QMG GI W RYQI#XI 'EWXIPRYSZS, #M HI EGMME, MEV#
RREMRXI GE HSES GIEWYVM, IWXI S GIXEXI, TVMR GEVI GYVKI YR VY GI ZMRI HMRXV-S
FEPX JSEVXI QEVI, ERYQI +EVHE, E GVME QEVKMRIE RY W-EV ZIHIE, HI RY EV 3
QYR'M HI TMEXV JSEVXI REP'M.
8SX HVYQYP HI PE EGIEWX GIXEXI, RWTVI &VIW'MME QIVKI TI QEVKMRIE
EGI#XMM FP'M.
&6)7&--%
"M EGIWX SVE# IWXI HIWXYP HI QEVI, #M XSX R 0SQFEVHS-:IRIXMGE--XEPMME.
%VI GM#QIPI JSEVXI JVYQSEWI, GY JIPMYVMQM HI WXEXYI #M ^KLIEFYVM QEVM HI
QEVQYV, YRHI GYVKI ETE. 4STYPJE'ME: 25.000.
1--. % 29
%GIWX JVYQSW SVE#, GI EY PYEX RYQMVI HI 4EVMWYP GIP RSY, TSEXI W W
WJHIEWG GY XSEXI SVE#IPI GI TR EGYQE EQ RYQMX, TIRXVY RXMVIE
JVYQYWI'VMM, EXX TIRXVY GPMQE PYM GIE HYPGI #M TSXVMZMX, GX #M TIRXVY
RJVYQYWI'EVIE GIE HI SEQIRM EPGXYMX. % GVMME GIX'M RGYRNYVEVIE IWXI
ETVSETI HI ^IGI QMM WXRNMRM. )WXI GTIXIRMME E XYXYVSV SVE#IPSV HMR 0SQFEVHS-
:IRIXMGE--XEPME, #M WGEYRYP HYGLMM, YRHI PGYMI#XI SXGVQYMXSVMYP 6IRMEP, GEVIPI
RXIQIME^ XSEXI GIPI WTVI TSHSEF. +VPE %HE GYVKI TI ETVSETI. %GME EY
WXXYX ITMWGST WJRXYP %QZVSWMI, EVLMITMWGSTYP 1IHMSPERYPYM. )WXI S FMWIVMG,
E GVYME QVMQIE, TSHSEFE, QI#XI#YKYP EVLMXIGXSRMGIWG, WXEXYIPI GI WYRX
QTVINYVYP E XSEXMM ^MHMVM, XYVRYVMPI #M 4SVMPI, #M XSEXI EGIWXIE HI QEVQYV, WYRX
PYGVYVM ZVIHRMGI HI QMVEVI. 'RH RGITI GMRIZE# W GYZMRXI^I TIRXVY VEVMXEXIPI
:MIRMM, GI W GSTVMRH R ^MHMVM, XVIFYMI W RYQIEWG RXM &MWIVMGE 7JRXYPYM
"XIJER; HEV EGIEWXE E 1MPERYPYM IWXI QEM TVIWYW, #M PE QVMQI, #M PE
QI#XI#YKYP PYGVYPYM, #M XSEXI EGIPIE XYVRYVM HI QEVQYV QEM GY HISWMFMVI
WTEXI, #M XSEXI WTXYVMPI 4SVMPSV QEM RZSEPXI, #M GY YR TVMWSW JSEVXI HISWMFMX.
'GM EVI XSEX JE'E ^MHMVMM HI TI EJEV TIWXI 700 WXEXYI HI QEVQYV, QEM QEVM
HIGX XVYTYP SQYPYM, QTVINYVYP E XSEXIM ^MHMVM, HI NSW TR R WXVIE#R, GEVI
WXEY TI RM#XI TSPM'I, MEV HI QEVQYV, WGSEWI EJEV HMR ^MHMVI RYQEM GX
GSTVMRH TMGMSEVIPI, #M TMRXVI EGIWXI WXEXYI, EPXI FYG'M HI QEVQYV, RXVY GEVI
WYRX WTEXI JIPMYVMQM HI 4SVM, #M EXX TY'MR ETVSTMIXI HI ^MHMVI, #M E#E HIQYPX
WGSEWI EJEV #M EXVREXI, RGX WSGSXI#XI GMRIZE# G XVIFYMI W GE^. "M, R
WGYVX, XSEX EGIEWX QVMQI HI ^MHMVI, E GVMME QTVINYVEVIE IWXI GE HI 240
WXRNMRM, IWXI XSEX HI QEVQYV.
%VI 5 XLIEXVI, HMR GEVI YRYP RY RYQEM IWXI GIP HMRXM R XSX 'MRYXYP
%YWXVMMM, GM W WSGSXI#XI GY GIPI HMRXM #M HMR EPXI 'VM. %VI S TPMQFEVI GE PE
4VEXIV, TI ^MHYP GIX'MM, QEM REPX HIGX GIIEPERX JE' E TEQRXYPYM, TI PE YRI
PSGYVM #M HI HSM WXRNMRM, #M XSEX EGIEWXE RP'MQI #M P'MQI W GSTVMRHI R HSES
^MHMVM. "M GY XSEXI G, PE ZVIQIE GRH EQ JSWX, PMTWIE GIM QEM QYP'M HMR RSFPI'I
#M HMR RIKY'XSVMM GIM QEVM, TI PE QS#MM, TI PE FM, TI PE WEXI, GGM EGIEWXE R
XSEXI TV'MPI W YVQIE^, GYQ #M PE :MIRE, GRH Q E4EQ, FI^ TSPM'MME #M
RIKY'XSVMM TVZPME#M, TY'MRM IVE HMR GIMPER'M, PMTWMRH QEM XS'M GIM QEVM,
QMRM#XVMM, FSMIVM, RIKY'XSVM, #M GLMEV QTVEXYP #M QTVXIEWE, XS'M TI EJEV, #M
HMR GIM GI VQWIWV R :MIRE, GIM QEM QYP'M TPIGE WQFX WIEVE #M W
RXSVGIE PYRM HI HMQMRIE'. ('9:28%6) ()3 7).&-8%
-EV RSM RYQEM RI RE#XIQ #M TYXVI^MQ R SVE#, E#XITXRH QMPE WXTRMVMM,
GXI GMRGM #M ^IGI ERM, WEY TR RI ZE ZIRM VRHYP, WEY TR GRH W ZE
QMPSWXMZM WXTRMVIE, WEY TR ZSQ ENYRKI RXVY EGIE ZVWX PE GEVI RM W
GYZMRI W HI-FRHMQ EGIE FSMIVMI GEVI S GIVIQ GY HSS^IGM HI ERM QEM REMRXI,
WEY TR GRH ZSQ E4E QMNPSGYP TVMR GEVI TYXIQ E S HSFRHM. "M GY EGIWX
QMNPSG XVMRH, TMIVHIQ ZME' QTVXIEWG, ZME'E ZIWIP, ZME' SHMLRMX, GIE
'VRIEWG, GGM EXYRGM EQ XVM HMRXVY EP RSWXVY, EXYRGM RY EQ EZIE PMTW
RMGMSHEX. 4SGM ^MGI G GIM GY QEM QYPXI QS#MM G EV WXVRKI #M FSK'MI, #M
PMTWMRHY-RI EGIPIE JYQYVM #M TSPMXMGI#XM KRHMVM, GYQ W YVQQ WEY QTSXVMZE
WXTRMVMM, WEY WTVI JSPSWY-M (MEV EGYQ, RXVY S EQI'IEP HI KRHYVM, GYQ XS'M
W HSQRMQ), #M HSFRHMRH EIVYP GIP GYVEX, EQ 3 QEM WRXS#M, EQ EZIE TYXIVI
#M WRKI QEM GYVEX, EQ KRHM QEM FMRI, #M, XVMRH RXVI RSVSH, RI-EQ SFMGRYM
HI E-P MYFM, #M E RM W JEGI QMP HI IM. "M ETSM, GRH SQ L GLIQE'M HI WXTRMVI,
GE W RI SVRHYMEWG R WPYNFIPI 'VMM, RIKVI#MX ZSQ ZSVFM TIRXVY RSVSH QEM
HIW FMRI, #M, R WGYVX, I. 9 RMGMYRYP RY W ZE RXQTPE: IME GI EGYQ RM W
RXQTP, HI QS#XIRMQ QS#MM TVMRXI#XM, #M TIWXI TY'MRM ERM PI #M ZMRHIQ, JV
HI E #XM R GEVI TEVXI HI PSG EY JSWX. "M YRMM PI TMIVH JV HI E PM W RXQTPE
TEKYFI R RIKY'XSVMM, JV HI E RQYP'M ZIRMXYVM PE EPXI QS#MM, TVMRXV-EGIPI
HEXSVMM, JV HI E FEXI QGEV YR GYM PE S YPYG E GEWMM, JV HI E XVM R FM M
#YKEVI HI EVKMRXVMM, QIWI QEVM #M WPSFSHI, KMYZEIVYVM #M EPXI HISWMFMXI
TSHSEFI EPI GEWMM, JV HI E JEGI PE WGTXE'M HISWMFMXI QMPSWXIRMM, GM RYQEM
QTSHSFMRHY-RI GE RMGM YR FVFEX HMR XSEX )ZVSTE. %GIEWX JIVMGMVI G#XMKQ
RSM XVMRH XSX R SVE#!
"M, GYQ ^MG, G GY XSEXI G PMTWIE GIM QEM QYP'M #M QEM QEVM TI PE QS#MM,
XSX IVE TIWXI HSES QMM GEPI#GM #M GEVXI, #M GIPI QEM QYPXI GEVXI HI 4 SEQIRM,
HI#GLMWI HIEWYTVE, #M ETVSETI HI ^IGI QMM TI NSW, #M GPVI'M. "M S WYX WSPHE'M
SPERM GPVM, QTV'M'M R XSEX EGIE PYRKMQI E TPMQFVMM, WTVI E W T^M FYRE
SVRHYMEP.
"M EGMME EY RIKY'XSVMM S QEVI ^MHMVI, #M JVYQSW QTSHSFMX, GI S RYQIWG
MEV# PSGERXE, YRHI HEY #M FEPYVM RXVI HYQRIEPSV, #M GRH WYRX QYP'M WXVR#M W
YVG #M TR PE RYQV HI HSES QMM SEQIRM, YRHI EY #M HEX FEP XSX SVE#YP
TVIERP'EXYPYM QTVEX, RXV-EGIEWX ZEV, GRH EY #I^YX PE 1MPER. (MRXVY
EGIEWX GEW IWI RXVY S KVHMR QMG, YRHI WXVIMRYP, FI^ KVHMRE, ZIHI
QTSXVMZ #M YR QYRXI JSEVXI QEVI, EWYTVE GVYME WYRX GSTEGM, #M, TVMRXVI IM,
HVYQYVM HI TMGMSV, VTI, WGSVFSVM, TI#XIV, YR JYM#SV GLMRI^IWG, #M QYP'M WXPTM
HI TMEXV PE WJV#MXYP QYRXIPYM, EWYTVE GVSVE IWXI KEPIVMI WTVI TPMQFEVI.
%GIEWXE Z^RH 3I#GEVI, # WMPI#XI TWYVMPI, GE W RGIET E W WYM TI EGIE
JVYQSEW KEPIVMI, #M TI QYRXI; #M GRH W ETVSTMI GE HI HSM WXRNMRM, EXYRGM
GYRSE#XI G RY IWXI QYRXI R 3MR', GM YR ^MH JSEVXI REPX, ^YKVZMX, R 3MR'
RYQEM 3MRH TI#XIV, GRH RY QEM VQRI EPX HIGX E ZSVFM TIRXVY EGIP QEVI
QI#XI#YK EP ^YKVEZYPYM.
9PM'MPI SVE#YPYM WYRX JSEVXI PEXI, TI GEVI PI YH #M PI QXYV R XSEXI
^MPIPI, RREMRXIE ZVIQMM TPMQFVMM.
0E S FMWIVMG EY 6 GPSTSXI, TI GEVI XVKRHY-PI, JEG S EVQSRMI QEM HYPGI
HIGX EY^YP YRMM QY^MGM.
4STYPE'ME RSVSHYPYM W YVG TIWXI YRE WYX HSES^IGM #M GMRGM QMM, FI^
WXVIMRMM, GEVI WYRX TIWXI GMRGMWTVI^IGI QMM.
1YP'M HMR ZSMENSVM, GI W RXQTP W ZMI S HEX R 1MPER, VQR TIRXVY
QYP'M ERM. 9RMM QTY'MRIE^ ^MPIPI GI EY LSXVX TIRXVY EPXI PSGYVM, #M ^FSZIWG
EGM QEM QYPX. %P'MM QIVK HI # VHMG JEQMPMMPI #M ZMR EGMME, YRHI ZMI'YMIWG ERM.
(I EGIME R XSEX ZVIQIE W E4 SEQIRM QEVM HI TVMR EPXI QTV'MM. 'YQ QM-
EY WTYW, WYRX #M TVMQTVINYVYP SVE#YPYM, GY HITVXEVI HI YR GIEW #M HSES, JSEVXI
JVYQSEWI TPMQFVM.
RXSVGRHY-Q PE 8VMI#XM, YRHI JGIEQ FM R QEVI, RXVI EP'MM GI W
WGPHE W-EY RXQTPEX #M YR RIEQ', GEVIPI, RXVIFRHY-Q HI YRHI WYRX #M TI
YRHI EQ YQFPEX, #M WTYMRHY-M, GRH EY EY^MX G RYQIWG #M RYQIPI 1MPERYPYM,
GE YR RIFYR EY WVMX HI Q-EY QFV'M#EX, WXVMKRH: %! 1MPERY, 1MPERY!; #M
EGIWXE RIEQ' 3MRH, #M SQ GE HI 60 ERM, PE GEVI IWXI JSEVXI ERIZSMI HI E 3 E#E
PIWRI JYVMSW; ETSM WTYMRHY-M G, HMR RIRSVSGMVI, RYQEM S ^M #M NYQXEXI EQ
#^YX R 1MPER, TY'MR EY JSWX W Q WGYMTI. %#E IWXI 1MPERYP HI JVYQSW, RGX
FXVRYP RIEQ', GGM #^YWI R ERYP XVIGYX 3 PYRM HI ^MPI, GYZRXRH RYQIPI
1MPERYPYM, P GSTVMRWIWI RIEWXQTVEVI.
4%:--%
%GIWX SVE# EY JSWX WGEYR HYGEXYPYM 0SQFEVHMMM. %GMME WYRX GIPI QEM FYRI
#GSEPI YRMZIVWMXEXI HMR XSEXI GXI WYRX R -XEPME GIE 0SQFEVHS-:IRIXMGIEWG,
YRHI ZMR XMRIVMM #M HMRXVY EPXI 'VM WTVI RZ'XYV. "M EGMME, GYQ QEM R XSEXI
SVE#IPI, IWXI S ET QMG GYVKXSEVI, TI GEVI GY QI#XI#YK:, TVMR RGLMHIVI HI
TSV'M GE GY S WXEZMP, S QVIWG #M S QMG#SVIWG, YRHI #M GRH EY XVIFYMR'. "M GY
EGIWX QMNPSG YQFP TVI EGIE ET#SEV, GI RY IWXI RMGM GX E TEXVE TEVXI HMR
(QFSZM'E, PYRXVMM RIKY'IXSVI#XM, RGVGEXI GE YR QYRXI. %GIWX QI#XI#YK
JSEVXI QYPX IWXI RQYP'MX R 'MRYXYP %YWXVMMM; #M RY GGM EY EZYX 3VI#XI ENYXSVMYP
ETIPSV, QYPXI #M QEVM 3MRH, GM GGM, TI GIPI QMGM HI XSX, GY EGIWX QI#XI#YK PI-
EY RXVIFYMR'EX, #M TI GIPI QEVM GY GEREPYVM PI-EY QTVIYREX. "M HYT GI W JEG
GIPI QEM QYPXI XVERWTSVXYVM R 'MRYXYP IM TVMR PYRXVMM, ETSM #M XSGQEM HI PE 8VMI#XM,
RGITRH QYP'MQI HI QVJYVM, GVRHY-PI GY GEV TY'MR HVYQ RYQEM, TR R
KVPE 7EZE, HI EGMME PI XVERWTSVXEVMWIWG, XSX GY PYRXVMM, TR R :MIRE, 4I#XE,
&IPMKVEH, 6S#EZE, :MHMR, 2MGSTSPM, "MWXSZ, 7MPMWXVE, ,VWSZE #M +EPE'M, JGRHY-W
WSGSXIEP G GY EGIWX QMNPSG IWXI S RPIWRMVI JSEVXI QEVI, GGM S QEVJ GI W-EV
GYZIRM W S RGEVGI GMRIZE# R 200 GEV, GE W S HYG TR PE YR PSG LSXVX,
TIRXVY GEVI W-EV GYZIRM W TPXIEWG GLMVMME XVIM QMM 3SVMRM, HYGRH EGIEWX
QEVJ GY GSVEFMI RIKY'XSVIEWG, GI YQFP TI EGIWXI KVPI, RY TPXI#XI RMGM
500. 9R RIKY'XSV ZMIRI^ FXVR QM-EY WTYW G, HMR :MIRE, HI 16 SVM EY HYW
QEVJ PE 1SPHSZE, TVMR (YRVI, #M G HI EV 3 JSWX! WMPMX W QIEVK TI YWGEX, RY
W-EV 3 HYW RMGM HI GMRGM SVM.
'6)132%
%GIWX SVE# IWXI TI KVPE GI W RYQI#XI 4S, GEVI W WQYMI#XI GY YR
EHIZVEX WGTXEX RIKY'IXSV, #M GE - YR RIEQ TMIVHYX, TIRXVY GEVI ^MG SEQIRMM
G S HEX . EY JSWX QEVI #M XEVI.
-EV HVYQYVMPI #M WIQRXYVMPI, TIWXI XSEXI PSGYVMPI, WYRX PYGVYVM EXX HI
QMVEVI, RGX HI RY EV 3 JSWX JV HI SVRHYMEP, HI QYPXI SVM E#28 3 GYZRXEX
XSX TIRXVY HI.
1%289%
%GIWX SVE# IWXI GIP QEM ZIGLM, RY RYQEM HMR XSEXI SVE#IPI -XEPMMM, GM #M HI
QYPXI EPXI SVE#I EPI EPXSVE QTV'MM; QEM ZIGLM 3MRH HIGX 6SQE GY 430 HI
ERM, HIGX :IRI'ME GY 1708 #M QEM REMRXI HI RXVYTEVIE QMPSWXMZYPYM RSWXVY
HSQR - WY W , VMWXS W GY ERM 1182.
)WXI SVE# QEVI; TSTYPE'MME EVI TY'MR. "M EGMME WYRX #GSEPI, HEV RY GE
GIPI HI PE 4EZME. 3VE# R GIXEXI, #M GIE QEM 'IETR HI GXI EQ Z^YX, EZRH
3 TV'M EPI GIX'MM SGSPMXI HI S FEPX GYVKXSEVI, #M E TEXVE TEVXI, GIE JV HI
ET, IWXI JSEVXI RXIQIMEX.
4IWXI XSX PSGYP EP 0SQFEVHS-:IRIXMGMM--XEPMM GI EQ YQFPEX, PSGYVMPI HI
WIQRXYVM XSEXI WYRX, GYQ EQ QEM ^MW, GZEHVEXI, EHIG R 4 GSP'YVM,
HIWTV'MXI YRYP HI EPXYP GY #ER'YVM TI GEVI GYVK ETI, #M GY JIPMYVMQM HI EPII.
-RXVY EGIPIE SGLMYVM HI PSGYVM, GIM GI EY ZMM, EY ZM'E WHMX TVMRXVI WQRXYVM,
RXV-EGIWXE# GLMT: 3I#GMRI, R PSGYP PYM, EVI VRHYVM HI GSTEGM RIVSHMXSVM,
RXSGQEM EPII, TI WJSEV TY#M, WHM'M YRYP HI EPXYP HITEVXI HI HSM WXRNMRM R
PYRKMQI, MEV R P'MQI HI GMRGM, RXVY GEVI # EY WIQRXYVMPI; MEV R VRHYP
GSTEGMPSV, R 3I#GEVI QMNPSG, GXI S ZM' WHMX, KVSEW GE QRE, REPX GE YR
WXEX HI SQ, HI YRHI W HISWMFI#XI TEXVY GETIXI WTVI YR GSTEGM, #M EPXI 4 WTVI
GIPEPERX, E GVSVE PYRKMQI IWXI HI HSM #M XVIM WXRNMRM, QTVIWYVRH GSTEGMYP
GETIXIPI HI ZM', GI ZMR HI PE EQRHSES TV'MPI, RGX RY W QEM ZIHI JVYR^E
GSTEGMYPYM, GM XSX GSTEGMYP QTSHSFMX GY WXVYKYVM RIKVM. EPFM 3MRH JSEVXI
TY'MRM. TSGM ^MGI RSES TV'M RIKVY, #M YRE EPF.
%GYQ NYHIGI 3I#GMRI, GE GI JIPM HI KVHMR ZIHI GPXSVMYP TIWXI XSEXI
GQTYVMPI -XEPMMM, HEG XSX SQYP XVIFYMI W-# EMF PSGYP GZEHVEX, QTVINYVEX GY
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GEVI RY KVI#E#XI GMRIZE# HI PI ZE #M RYQM KVHMRM. 4VIGYQ #M PSGYVMPI HI
WQRXYV WYRX GY S E#E SVRHYMEP, RGX XVIFYMI YR WXVIMR W WXIE #M W PI
ME WEQE, GGM EVI E ZIHIE S E#E QTV'MVI #M SVRHYMEP, RXSGQEM TEVG EV 3
HI MRKMRIVM RXSGQMXI. "M MEV#, YRHI 3VIE GSTEGM RY EY SHVWPMX, SEQIRMM, GY
JIPYVMQM HI QI#XI#YKYVM #M QYRGM, THYVM RXVIKM EY WHMX.
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TSEXI ZIHIE GMRIZE# 5-6 WEXI RYQEM TI HVYQ; MEV TI EPXYVIE TSEXI #M RHSMXI
ZIHIE. 'YQ #M 3I#GEVI WXE'MI HI TS#X XVIFYMI W 3I RIKVI#MX SVE#. %GIEWXE,
HEV, HIWMQI, GMRI RY TSEXI E S NYHIGE G W EHYR HMR HVIETXE #M TVMRXIEWGE
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XSEXI G IWXI EGIP FPEKSWPSZMX TQRX, G W TVMGMRYME#XI HMR WXVIMRE,
RIWYJIVMXE #M ZV#Q#IEWGE SXGVQYMVI. "M TVI XSEXI EGIWXIE WEXI HI TVI EMGM,
HI PI ZE #M RYQM GRIZE# SVE#I, RY KVI#I#XI, GGM GEWIPI WYRX GYQ QEM REMRXI
ZSM GYZRXE; #M ME GEVI WEX ZSV 3 GYV'M FSMIVI#XM, EGIPIE WYRX RXSGQEM GE RM#XI
TEPEXYVM QTVXI#XM.
0GYMXSVMM WYRX GY WXEVI FYR, JSEVXI QYRGMXSVM, GY TYVXEVI FYR #M
VIKYPE'M.
7QRXYVMPI WYRX: KVYP, SZWYP, WIGEVE, SV^YP.
4I GEVI RY P HEY PE ZMXI, GM P JEG FIVI. VM#G, TSVYQF TY'MR, GEVXS3;
FVS#FI #M VHMGLM QYPXI, ZEV^, KYPMM, WJIGPI, QSVGSZM #M EPXI ZIVHI'YVM M PIKYQM
RHIWXYPI, GYQ #M XSEXI JIPYVMQMPI HI TSEQI.
:MXIPI WYRX QEVM #M HI S KVWMQI RIGVI^YX; #M EGIEWXE GYVKI MEV#M HMR
FYRE SVRHYMEP, HYT GYQ QEM REMRXI W ZE GYRSE#XI.
'PXSVME QI-EY JSWX TVMR &YVGLIVWHSVJ, GI IWXI WXE'MI, TS#XI -, SVE#.
7MKEVXWGLMVLIR, T. -, SVE#. 4IV#PMRK, T. P/2, SVE#. 7ERX-4IPV: R, T. -, SVE# QEVI,
EVI S FMWIVMG E GVMME QVMQI #M ^YKVZIEPE HMR RYRXVY IWXI YR PYGVY JSEVXI
HISWIFMX; TR E RY MRXVE R SVE#, W XVIGI KVPE 8VEWMR TI TSH WXXXSV. 1IVI,
P/2, SVE# RXVY GEVI, TI S WXER HI TIEXV JSEVXI RREPX, IWXI S QEVI #M
QMRYREX ^MHMVI GY QRWXMVI, YRHI WYRX QYP'M GPYKVM GEVI W WXVHYMIWG
WTVI Y#YVMR'E WGTXE'MPSV. 'LIQIPFEL, T. 9/2, SVE#. RXV-EGIWXI 2 SVE#I W
XVIGI KVPE )VPEZ TI TSH WXXXSV. %Q#XIXIR, T. -:2, WEX QEVI. 7XVIQFIVK, T.
P/2 WEX QEVI. )RW, T. -, SVE#, YRHI W XVIGI KVPE )RW TI TSH WXXXSV. 0MR', T.
01/# SVE# QEVI. RXV EGIWXI 2 SVE#I W XVIGI KVPE 8VEYQ TI TSH WXXXSV,
JVYQSW #M XIQIMRMG.
0-2&
%GIWX SVE# 0MR' IWXI YRYP HMRXV-EGIPI QEM JVYQSEWIM GI EQ Z^YX, TIRXVY
QYPXI HEVYVM GI EVI, 3MRH #M TIN QEVKMRIE (YRVMM, GEVI TY'MR QEM REMRXI HI
SVE#* RY GYVKI TI PSG #I', GM TMRXV 2 QYR'M GI WYRX QTS-. HSFM'M HMR 3VI GY
JIPYVMQM HI THYVM GI W GSFSEV TR R QEVKMRIE (YRVMM, YRHI WYRX #M
HVYQYVMPI! HI EQRHSES TV'MPI, TI GEVI IWXI MGIE QEM JVYQSEWP TPMQFEVI E
SVS#ERMPSV. 'GM EGIM QYR'M GY THYVM #M GY GYVKIVIE (YRVMM TMRXV IM EHYG
SGLMPSV EXXE QYP-# 'YQMVI, RGX W RXVMWXIE^ SQYP GRH W HITVXIE^, HI
0MR'. %GMME WYRX #M JEFVMGM QTVXI#XM YRHI W PYGVIE^ TR^PI GI W RYQIWG
HI 0MR'.
)JIVHMRK, T. -:2, SVE#. &EMIVFEL, T. 0M/2, SVE#. 7MKLEVHMR, T. -, SVE#.
"EVHMRK, T. -, SVE# QEVI, R QEVKMRIE KVPMM -RR, GI W XVEGI TI TSH WXXXSV,
YRHI #M IWXI LSXEVYP %YWXVMMM HI GXV &EZEVME.
(I EGMME, RXVRH R LSXEVIPI 'VMMM &EZEVMMM, #M TY'MR GPXSVMRH,
RYQEMHIGX W-EY GYRSWGYX HVIETXE #M HYPGIE SFPHYMVI, JIVMGMVIE, 3VIEWGE
WPSFS^IRMI E RSVSHYPYM #M RHVWRIEPE GIE JV HI SFVWRMGMI, GM RYQEM TI GX
W GYZMRI PE SQIRMVI. ('9:286- ()37)&-8))
8S'M PGYMXSVMM, TR #M GIP QEM WVEG, WYRX QFVGE'M GYVEX; GVTMX WEY
HIWGYP', RY W ZIHI, QGEV FVFEX, QGEV RIZEWX, QGEV GSTMP. %Q ^MW G EY
3VIEWG WPSFS^IRMI #M RHVWRIEPE JV HI SFVWRMGMI; GGM GRH W RXPRIWG
IY EPXYP, WEY HI XVIETX QEVI, WEY HISTSXVMZ, RYQEMHIGX M HEY RGLMRGMYRI
GY TPVMMPI R QR. "M HI PI ZE JEGI GMRIZE# SVGI RXVIFEVI, M VWTYRH GY
RHVWRIEP, HEV GY YR QMNPSG E#E HI TSPMXI3WX #M HYPGI, RGX RXVIFXSVMYP
VQRI JSEVXI QYP'YQMX. (MRXV-EGIEWXE E PSV YVQEVI, GI EY GXV XSX SQYP, W
GYRSE#XI G WYRX TSPMXIJWM'M #M PYQMRE'M TVMR RZ'XYV, #XMMRHY-#M 3I#GEVI
HEXSVMME WE; #M HI EGIME, HI FYRZSMI W TSEVX FMRI GY 3I#GMRI. -EV PE RSM,
PGYMXSVMM, HMR QYPXE NYKYMVI GI EY EZYX, #M RIPYQMREVI, RY-#M GYRSE#XI RMGM
HEXSVME GXV EPXYP, EHYGRH RGLMRGMYRI RYQEM EGIPYME HI GEVI W XIQI, GYQ
WXTRY PY M WY, ^ETGMYPYM, MWTVEZRMGYPYM, HI-P ZE GYRSE#XI; MEV GXV SVMGEVI
SQ RY-# WGSEXI GGMYPE, 3I QGEV HI GIE QEM QEVI XVIETX. 'YQ QM W-EY
RXQTPEX GLMEV QMI, W Q RXPRIWG GY QYP'M PGYMXSVM GY GVY'I TI HVYQYVM,
#M RMGMYRYP RMGM GGMYPE #-EY WGSW, RMGM HVYQYP NYQXEXI QI-EY PWEX, R ZVIQI
GI, Z^RHY-Q GY FEVF, Q-EY GYRSWGYX G WYRX HI XVIETXE (MZERYPYM. -EV
QEM XRV 3MRH, HEV MWTVEZRMG, #M QTVINYVEX HI WPYKMXSVM, EXYRGM RXPRMRHY-Q,
EY G^YX PE TQRX, GY GETIXIPI KSEPI, GE RM#XI ZMRSZE'M HI QSEVXI, GI EV 3
E#XITXEX WGTEVIE HI PE QMRI. 'YQ #M GLMEV WYTY#MM QMIM, QMI QM HEY
RGLMRGMYRI, MEV EPXYME, 3I #M QEM QEVI #M QEM FXVR, GGM RY EVI XVIFYMR' HI
EGIPE, RY-M H RGLMRGMYRI. (MR GEVI W EHYR G RIRZ'XYVE #M RNYKYMVIE
TVSWXI#XI TVI SQ, JGRHY-P #M VY. "M HI EGIME GY HVITXEXI W YMX EWYTVE
3I#GVYME GY ZVNQ#MI, WSGSXMRH G TSEXI #M EGIWXE ZE ZIRM ZVIQI W-M JEG
ZVIYR VY. GGM FMRI R-EY Z^YX HI PE RMQI. WEY G #M EGIPE M ZE GIVI GIZE#,
GGM PYM RMVRI RM1 H RMQMG, RMGM QGEV S RZ'XYV, RMGM YR ENYXSV, RMGM S
RHVITXEVI R HEXSVMMPI PYM, GM XVME#XI GE YR HSFMXSG WPFEXMG. 'YQ #M GIM GI WYRX
SEVI#GI HI QEM RREPX XVIETX HIGX TVS#XMM 'IVERM SFMGRYMIWG GXVI XVIETXE
GIE QEM QEVI W WI EVEXI GY S RIWTYW #M RIGYZMMRGMSEW PMRKY#MVI, MEV GXVI
GIP QEM QMG, VWXMX #M RKRJEX, ZVRH RYQEMHIGX W-M EVEXI G IWXI QEM QEVI
HIGX EGIPE. 3! GX RI-EQ JSPSWM XS'M HISF#XI GRH #M PMRKY#MVIE GXV GIM QEM
QEVM QGEV SEVI#GI W-EV QEM QTY'MRE, HI RY ZE 3 QMNPSG GY XSXYP W PMTWIEWG.
#M VWXIEPE GXV GIM QEM QMGM, QGEV HI W-EV RNYQX'M, GGM EXYRGM W-EV QEM
GYRSE#XI FYRYP HMR VY, TVMIXIRYP HMR ZV#QE#, #M GYVEXYP HMR TVIJGYX. 'EVI
EGIWXI XSEXI TVIJEGIVM W ZHIWG GRH ZVIYRYP GI IWXI R REPX XVIETX WGEHI
HMR TYXIVI-M, 3MRHG EXYRGM, EGIE QMRGMRSEW TPIGGMYRI #M TVIJGYX TVMIXI#YK,
#M, R WGYVX, PMRKY#MVIE GI W EVXE GXV GIP QEM QEVI WEY FSWVEX, #M RYQEM R
ZVIQIE GI EZIE XVIFYMR' HI EGIPE, W TVIJEGI R VYXEXI, SFV^RMGMI #M
RIGYRSWXMR'. %GIWXIE XSEXI RY JEG QVXYVMI HI SQ WPSFSH, PYQMREX #M GMRWXMX,
GGM EGIME GI W TSEVX GY EGIE 3VIEWG WPSFS^IRMI, GI QEM WYW EQ GYZRXEX,
W EVEX R XSEX ZVIQIE XSX GY YR QMNPSG GXV XS'M, GMRWXMRH TI 3I#GEVI TI GX
W GYZMRI.
(MR "EVHMRK EQ QIVW PE 1MRLIR TVMR GIPI QEM HI PE ZEPI WXE'MM: 1EPLMRK,
T. ;/2 SVE#. 0IRHSVJ, T. -, SVE#. 1EPIXPI, T. -, SVE#. %PXIRXMRK, T. -:# SVE#.
1MPHSVJ, SV#IP, YRHI W XVIGI KVPE 8MVW. %Q3RK, T. -1/2, SVE#. ,EEK, T. -1/2,
SVE#. ,SLIRPMRKLIR, T. -, SVE#. 4EWHSVJ, T. -, SVE#, #M 1MRLIR, T. -. (1-2,)2)
%GIWXE IWXI WGEYRYP EP 'VMMM &EZEVMIM, RXVY GEVI WYRX QYPXI PYGVYVM
ZVIHRMGI HI ZIHIVI #M HI RWIQREVI, HEV IY EQ RWIQREX RYQEM GIPI HI PE
ZEPI, GGM EQ PYEX WIEQE QEM QYPX PE QMNPSGYP GIP FPRH #M TVMRXIWG EP
SXGVQYMXSVMPSV, #M PE RIGYVQEXE KVMN GYQ W-#M JIVMGIEWG RSVSEHIPI GI
WXTRIWG.
%GIWX GVEM HI EGYQ EP &EZEVMMM, ERYQI 0YHSZMG, QYPX W WMPI#XI WTVI
JEGIVM HI FMRI; EVI QEVI FYR GYKIX TIRXVY RSVSEHIPI GVI#XMRI#XM GI W E4E R
RIHVITX'M. "M GY XSEXI G RY EVI RMGM S RGPMREVI #M IWXI JSEVXI HITVXEX, HEV,
HYT GX TSEXI, XSX ENYX. 2Y IWXI QEM QEVI FYGYVMI HIGX HI E-P ZIHIE
GMRIZE# GYQ YQFP TVMR RSVSHYP WY, TVMR SVE#, TVMR KVHMRM #M PE XLIEXVY,
RXSSQEM GE 3I#GEVI SVS#ER, #M QFVGEX GY RMGM YR GLMT HI PY\, GM GY JSEVXI
SFMGMRYMXI LEMRI, GE W HIE FYR TMPH PE GIMEPER'M. R GXI EHYRVM SF#XI#XM P-
EQ Z^YX, R-EY EZYX RMGM S FYG'MG HI WIQR WEY JSVQ QTVXIEWG, YRHI
IVE EP'M QYP'M WGYQT QFVGE'M #M QTSHSFM'M. 1EM ZVXSW PE S PMXERMI, GI W JEGI
TI XSX ERYP S HEX, GRH W HYGI QEM XSX SVE#YP HI P ME HI PE TEPEX #M QIVK PE
FMWIVMG, HI YRHI, WZV#MRHY-MW WPYNFE, P TVIYQFP TVI QYPXI YPM'I, TR P
HYGI MEV# PE TEPEX, E4RHY-WI R QMNPSGYP RSVSHYPYM, TI NSW, MEV RY R GEVX GY
6 XIPIKEVM, QTVIWYVEX HI RXVEVQE'M. 1EM REMRXIE EGI#XMM PMXERMM, IWXI S
WVFXSEVI GI W WVFXYME#XI 15 ^MPI, R PYRE PYM SGXSQZVMI, GRH GVEMYP IWXI
HEXSV, R XSEXI EGIWXI ^MPI, W MEW EJEV, PE YR PSG LSXVX, GY QYP'M HMR
QMRM#XVMM WM #M QEM XSX SVE#YP. %GSPS IWXI SFMGIM W WI WXVRK HYTVMR WEXI #M
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QMNPSGYP SVE#YPYM, GYVKI FEPXE >YVML31, E GVMME PYRKMQIE M IWXI GE HI 12
GIEWYVM, #M P'MQIE GE HI 2. %GIEWX FEPX, RKYWXRHY-W PE GETYP HIWTVI SVE#,
GYVKI TVMR QMNPSGYP SVE#YPYM #M W XVIGI TI YR TSH EXX HI PYRK, PEX #M 'IETR,
RGX EGMME IWXI GIE QEM QEVI TMME' E SVE#YPYM, YRHI #IH QMM HI SEQIRM,
GYQTVXSVM #M ZR^XSVM HI XSEXI JIPYVMQMPI, GYQ: PIKYQM, TSEQI, TWVM,
TMRI, XSEXI ZIVHI'YVMPI, TIWGVMM #M SVGI PYGVYVM SFMGRYMIWG HI EHYG R TMI'I
WTVI ZR^EVI. "M FI^ EGIEWX QYP'MQI HI SEQIRM #M PYGVYVM, WYRX #M ZVIS GXIZE
TVZPMM GY QVJYVM, XSX EWYTVE EGIWXYM TSH. "M PE GIMEPERX QEVKMRI HI SVE#
GYVKI KVPE +IIPI, GI W XVIGI MEV# TI YR TSH WXXXSV #M FMRI PYGVEX. "M
3MRHG EGIWXI HSY KVPI WYRX QEVM, EY #M HISWIFMXI GEREPYVM. "M, R WGYVX,
EGIWX SVE# IWXI YRYP HMR GIPI HMRXM EPI )PZI'MMM. ('9:286- ()37)&-8)
(I EGMME EQ QIVW R WEXYP %PWXIXIR, YRHI MEV# QM W-EY RXQTPEX S
ZVIHRMG HI WGVMW RXQTPEVI. 'SFSVRH PE FMVX, Q-EY RXVIFEX YR SQ HI YRHI
ZIRMQ. )Y WTYMRHY-M G HI PE 'VSR#XEX, IP EY TVMWSWMX: G HI PE 'VSR#XEXYP HMR
8VERWMPZERME, GI W LSXV#XI GY :EPELME# 'GM IWXI 'VSR#XEX #M R 6S#ME, #M
XVIFYME W-M JEG HISWIFMVI. )Y, Z^RH G EVI #XMMR' KLISKVE3GIEWG, EQ
RXVIFEX TI FMVXE#: 'I SQ IWXI# )P QI-EY VWTYRW G IWXI 'VER TPYKEV, #M G
EY ZIRMX GGM EWX^M IWXI ^MSE KE^IXYVMPSV, #M G W WXVRK YRMM HI PI GIXIWG; #M
G HI ZVIQ W PI GIXMQ, W RXVQ R SHEME SF#XMM, YRHI, RXVRH, EQ KWMX EP'M
XVIM-TEXVY GE EGIPE, GY JSM HI KE^IXYVM R QMRM. %XYRGM Q-EY GSTVMRW KRHYVMPI,
Z^RH G 'IVERMM )PZI'MMM, ZVRH W #XMI GI GYVKI R PYQI, W WXVRK #M GIXIWG
KE^IXYVM. "M GIP GI Q-EY RXVIFEX HI YRHI ZMY, QI-EY JGYX HIWXYP HSZEH G
WEY EY GIXMX KLISKVE3I, WEY G HI QYPXI SVM W-EY YMXEX TI LEVX. 3! GI
RXVMWXEX EHYGIVI EQMRXI! 'GM R ERYP 1824, QIVKRH PE 'PYN, 4I#XE #M
1ILEHME GY HYQRIEPYM JVEXIPI PSKSJXYP 1ERSPEGLI &PIERYP, EY TVMQMX S
WGVMWSEVI HI .E GMRWXMXE GER'IPEVME PSKSJI'MMM GIM QEVM, EWYTVE GVMME EHVIWYP IVE:
'XV HYQRIEPYM PE 1ILEHME, R 'MRYXYP 8VERWMPZERMMM. (MR GEVI W GYRSE#XI
G RMGMYRYP HMR GER'IPEVMWXM RY EY #XMYX G 1ILEHME RY IWXI R 'MRYXYP
8VERWMPZERMMM, GY XSEXI G IWXI #M ETVSETI HI LSXEVIPI :EPELMIM. MEV IPZIXYP
TPYKEV, #M TIWXI TEXVY QTV'MM HITEVXI, EY #XMYX GEVI YRHI IWXI #M GY GEVI PSG
W LSXV#XI.
%TSM EQ QIVW R WEXYP (MIXMGSR. YRHI W MWTVZI#XI LSXEVYP GERXSRYPYM
>YVML #M RGITI EP I ERXSRYPYM %VKEY, GEVI GSTVMRHI PGYMXSVM 144.400 WY4IXI,
YRHI W XVIGI KVPE 6MXIR. &EHIR, T. 0M/2 SVE# QVMGIP, R GIXEXI, PRK
QEVKMRIE KVPMM 0MQEX. 1IPMRKLIR, T. 0M/2, SVE#, RGYRKMYVEX GY GIXEXI, YRHI W
XVIGI KVPE 6IYWW, TI TSH WXXXSV, QEVI #M JVYQSW. 0MR'FYVK, T. P/2 SVE#
YRHI IWXI QEVI JEFVMG HI TR^IXYVM, YRHI W MWTVZI#XI GERXSRYP %VKEY #M W
RGITI E PYM &IVR, GEVI EVI PGYMXSVM 294.500 WY4IXI. 'EPILFIVK, T. -, YRHI W
XVIGI KVPE. +VSW; 4ETMVQMPI, EHIG QSEV HI LVXMI. (&)62)
(I EGMME #M TR PE &IVR, GEPI GE HI YR GIEW, W RGITI YR HVYQ JVYQSW,
GY HISWIFMXI WTEPIVYVM #M EPII, YRHI IWXI #M TPMQFEVIE SVS#ERMPSV, EZRH PE
QRE WXRK YR HIEP JSEVXI REPX #M PYRK, HVITX SFPMX #M FVI^HYMX. "M PE HVIETXE
HI HVYQ IWXI EPIESE TIRXVY TPMQFEVI, GEVI EPIE #M HIEP 'MRI TR E MRXVE 111
SVE#. -RXVY GEVI RXVRH, W XVIGI KVPE %EV, TI YR TSH HI TMEXV JSEVXI
XIQIMRMG #M JVYQSW, EZRH TI EQRHSES TV'MPI, R PSG HI TEVQEGPG,
FEPGSERI HI LIV, E GVYME PYRKMQIE IWXI GE HI 30 WXJRNMRM.
%GIWX SVE# &IVR, TIRXVY ZVIS GXIZE PYGVYVM HISWIFMXI GI EVI, TSEXI E W
WSGSXM GE YR WGEYR EP )PZI'MMM. %GMME PGYMIWG #M XS'M IPGMM GYV'MPSV WXVIMRI. )WXI
^MHMX TI S QSZMP JSEVXI QEVI #M REPX, GEVI QSZMP TY'MR PSG VQRI HI RY W
SGSPI#XI HI KVPE %EV, VQMRH QSZMPE GY SVE#YP RXSGQEM GE YR SWXVSZ, EZM.
( RP'MQI TIWXI 50 WXJRNMRM, WSGSXMRHY-W HMR PYQMRE ETMM TR R GIP QEM REPX
PSG EP SVE#YPYM, RW PMRMI HVIETX R WYW, MEV RY WXVQF, GGM E#E TSEXI 3 #M
150. 0E EGIWX QEM REPX PSG EP SVE#YPYM IWXI YR XYVR GY GIEWSVRMG, GI EVI S
QILERMG TVMR GEVI FEXI WJIVXYVMPI S WXEXY QMG HI SQ, #M EPXI 8 WXEXYI W
RXSVG QTVINYV. -EV R ZVJYP GPSTSXRM'MM, FEXI GIEWYVMPI S WXEXY QEVI, GE GIP
QEM QEVI XVYT HI SQ, QFVGEX GY LEMRI HI LIV GE GIPI ZIGLM VSQERI#XM.
3 TPMQFEVI HI ^MSE #M RSETXIE, 3MRHG S PYQMRIE^ GY JIPMREVI, JSEVXI
JVYQSEW #M VSQERXMGIEWG. %GIEWXE EVI GSTEGM QYP'M #M QEVM, R VRH WHM'M, #M
VEQYVMPI XSEXI QTVIYREXI, ETSM HIJE WYTVE XYR#M HVITX, Z^RHY-W RXSGQEM
GE YR RZPM# ZIVHI; E#MNHIVIE #M TI HIHIWYFX, REPX GE 2 WXJRNMRM, MEV XYR#M,
Z^RHY-W TIWXI XSX GE YR XEZER ZIVHI. %GIEWXE IWXI R QYGLIE HIEPYPYM,
YRHI TI NSW IWXI GYVKIVIE KVPMM, HMR GEVI EY GEXEVEGX JGYX, PYRKYGE HI 30
WXJRNMRM, GI RQYP'I#XI JVYQYWI'IE TPMQFVMM GY ZIHIVIE GEXEVEGXYPYM #M GY
EY^MVIE WKSQSXYPQ. "M XSEXE EGIEWX RP'MQI IWXI RXIQIMEX GY YR ^MH HI
TMEXV; #M TSEXI PM, HMR PYQMRE ETMM #M TR R ZVJ, PE EGIEWX TPMQFEVI, GE 35
WXJRNMRM RP'MQI. (MRXV EGIEWX RP'MQI, PE ERYP 1654, QEM 25, GRH RXV-EGIWX
PSG RY IVE TPMQFEVI, GM PSG YRHI XMRIVMQIE RZ'E GPVMME, EY G^YX XSGQEM NSW,
GY GEPYP HMQTVIYR, YR TVSTSZIHYMXSV, ERYQI 8ISFSPH :EMRHITJIR, #M RY EY
QYVMX, GM RYQEM #-EY JVRX YR TMGMSV, #M, HSJXSVMRHY-P, EY QEM XVMX RG 6 ERM, XSX
TVSTSZIHYMRH. %GIEWX RXQTPEVI WX WGVMW RXVY S TIEXV GI IWXI ^MHMX
XSGQEM R PSGYP RXQTPVMM.
3 FMWIVMG GEXIHVEP, EHIG WSFSV, GI EVI S PYGVEVI HISWIFMX, EXX
RRYRXVY, GX #M TI EJEV. -RXVEXYP IWXI TVMR XVIM Y#M, #M PE GIE HMR QMNPSG, #M QEM
QEVI, IWXI QTVINYVY-M WYQ HI XVYTYVM QMGM HI QEVQYV, WGSEWI EJEV HMR
JE'E ^MHYPYM, #M XSEXI HMR MWXSVMMPI FMWIVMGI#XM, PYGVEXI GY QEVI QI#XI#YK. 8YVRYP
EVI S EXXE RP'MQI #M P'MQI, RGX WYRX RRYRXVY QYPXI PGE#YVM HI SEQIRM.
%Y RSES GPSTSXI, TI GEVI XVKRHY-PI GY QI#XI#YK, RY JEG RYQEM WYRIXI HI
GPSTSXI QEVM WEY QMGM, GM JEG S EVQSRMI JSEVXI TPGYX YVIGLMPSV, HMQTVIYR
NEPRMG #M KVS^EZRMG.
4I QEVKMRIE KVPMM IWXI S EGIWX JIPM HI ^MHMVI, RGX SGLMM QIM Z^RH-S,
EQ LSXVX G IWXI ZVIYR TEPEX, TIRXVY E WE QVMQI #M JVYQSEW PYGVEVI GI
EVI TI HMREJEV, MEV RRYRXVY WYRX QSVM.
(MR GIPI HISWIFMXI PYGVYVM IWXI #M YPM'E GIE QEVI, TI GEVI W YVG SQYP
PE QMNPSGYP SVE#YPYM, GGM IWXI PEX GE HI 10WXJRNMRM, #M TVMR QMNPSG GYVKI YR
VYPI' HI ET TI #ER' HI TMEXV, EZRH #M YPM'IPI FMRI TEVHSWMXI, #M ^MHMVMPI HI
EQRHSES TV'MPI R PMRMI. "M FI^ G YPM'E IWXI EXXE HI PEX, ETSM #M HI
EQRHSES TV'MPI WYRX ^MHMVMPI TI WXPTM GY FSMXI, VQMRH HMR WXPTM #M TR PE
Y#MPI TVZPMMPSV PSG HI - WXJRNMR #M NYQXEXI, GEVI PSG IWXI TEVHSWMX GY PIWTI^M
HI TMEXV, TVMR GEVI YQFPE XS'M GIM TI NSW, GGM WYRX ETYVYVIE GYVEXI #M
RITPSEXI.
3VE#YP IWXI XSX PYQMREX.
1EKE^MI HI XSX JIPMYP, EVQI, #M XYRYVM, #M ZVIS GXIZE XVYTYVM QFVGEXI
GY EGIPI LEMRI HI LIV, VSQERI#XM, HMRXV GEVI YRYP IWXI &IVXLSPH EP :-PIE, HY\
HI +IVMRKLIR, GIP GI RXME# HEX EY ^MHMX SVE#YP &IVR, R ERYP 1191. %#MNHIVIE
#M XVYTYP EGIPYME GI EY TYXVI^MX, MEV RYQIPI R ZIGM M ZE 3 RIQYVMXSV, EHIG EP
PYM +YPMIPQ 8IP, GIP GI EY JSWX TVMGMRE HI EY ENYRW )PZI'ME RXVY EGIEWX QEVI
JIVMGMVI. 1YP'M QTVE'M #M GVEM QSV HMQTVIYR GY RYQIPI QVMMM PSV, MEV EP
EGIWXSV JGXSVM HI FMRI SF#XI#XM R ZIGM PI VQRI RYQIPI RIQYVMXSEVI.
'YQ #M S QVMQI HI ^MHMVI GI TSEXI SWXIRM TI GIP QEM WTVMRXIR XRV, HI
ZE ZSM W S TVIYQFPI, YRHI EY GVI#XIVIE HI GSTMM WVQERM, GY S SVRHYMEP
JSEVXI FYR. %GIEWX JEGIVI HI FMRI HI PE RMGM YR SVE# QEVI RY PMTWI#XI.
%PX ^MHMVI QEVI, YRHI EY JSEVXI EHRG R TQRX TMZRM', #M HIEWYTVE
QEKE^ME SVE#YPYM. 'RH ^MG ^MHMVI QEVI, W RY WSGSXIEWG GMXMXSVYP G IWXI
SGSPM#YP ^MHMVMM HI 100 WXJRNMRM, GM 4-5. (&-6896-0))
(EV FMVXYVMPI, GI WYRX TI PE WEXI #M SVE#I, GYQ PI ZSM PWE JV HI E RY
GYZRXE TIRXVY QVMQIE ^MHMVMPSV, TSHSEFE SHMPSV #M GYV'IRME E#XIVRYXYVMPSV,
GI WYRX XSEXI R TEXYVM PYGVEXI JVYQSW, HI PIQR HI QELSR WEY HI RYG, TI
VSEXI HI EVEQ #M EGSTIVMXI GE JIPYVMQM HI TIVHIPI, YRMPI HI QEPHILM, EPXIPI HI
TIVGEP, EXVREXI TI JIPYVMQM HI PIQRI TSPIMXI, #M, R WGYVX, RXSGQEM GE TEXYVMPI
EGIPSV HEQI GI 3VI#XI WYRX GYVEXI #M EY LERM #M KYWX. "M EWIQIRIE TEXYVM RY
EY PE YR FMVX 3-4, GM 10-20, ETSM QEM TVSEWXI, EY RXVIMXI. 'PXSVMYP, QGEV
ZEVE, QGEV MEVRE IWXI JSEVXI SHMLRMX, TIRXVY QFYRX'MVIE HVYQYVMPSV #M
SHMLRE PGE#YVMPSV. (I E WXE YR GPXSV WEY GLMVME# QVJYVMPSV QGEV YR WJIVX
TIRXVY VYXEXIE HVYQYVMPSV, EGIEWXE IWXI TIWXI TYXMR' W WI RXQTPI, R
XSEXI EGIWXI TV'M HI PSGYVM GI EQ YQFPEX, FI^ R TYWXE 9RKEVMMM. -EV TI PE RSM
EQ WXEX HI QYPXI SVM, #M GY TS#XE GPXSVMRH, RQSPMX R XMR HI GY WEVE TR E
HSE ^M HMQMRIE'E; GYQ #M HI QYPXI SVM EQ HSVQMX TI WGRHYV R SHEME
GVGMYQMM, GY HIWXYP GEPEFEPG HI GSTMM. 2Y HSEV G #M TI PE RSM RY W-EV 3 TYXYX
JEGI EWIQIRIE HVYQYVM, #M QEM GY RPIWRMVI, GYQ #M FMVXYVM GY EWIQIRIE FYRI
SVRHYMIPM. HEV HMR HSES TVMGMRM, GYQ EQ QEM ^MW, RY W-EY JGYX. (MR GEVI, GIE
HMRXM IWXI RIWXEXSVRMGME; GGM, R ZVIQI HI 24 ERM, HI 4 SVM RI-EQ PWEX GEWIPI
#M XSX EZYXYP, JYKMRH R WXVMRXEXI, #M GRH RI-EQ RXSVW, EQ KWMX XSEXI
HIW3MR'EXI. -EV GIE HI EP HSMPIE IWXI GGM, GRH W JGIE GLMT^YMVM #M XSGQIPM HI
E W PYGVE ZVIYR GI SF#XIWG, R WSGSXIEPE GSRXVEGGMMPSV, RXMME# GSRHIM32, GY
QI#XI#YKMVI W XVIGIE FERMM GI XVIFYME W WI HIE PE HSQRMI HEV, GE W
TVMQIEWG HSQRYP W WI JEG EGIP FYR PYGVY, R PSG #M HI PE WMRI W 3 NIVX3X S
QMG WYQ HI FERM #M XSEXI GLMTYVMPI HI ENYXSEVI, GE W TSEX E W WPZM GGM R
^MPIPI SXGVQYMVMM QVMMM-WEPI W-EY RXIQIMEX YR GI JSPSWMXSV.
-EV R 'VMME &EZEVMMM W WXVHYMIWG GYQ W JEG HVYQYVMPI 'VMM HI JIV, GY
YR E#E QI#XI#YK JSPSWMXSV, RGX S KVIYXEXI HI RGVGXYV GI EFME33 S EV
XVEKI 16 GEM, W S XVEK JSEVXI Y#SV RYQEM 2. 'EVI QI#XI#YK W #M TVSFPYMI#XI
GLMEV R KVHMRE QTVXIEWG HI PE 2MQJIQFYVK, YRHI EQ #M QM#GEX 4
QTVIYREXI GVY'I #M RGVGEXI GY FSPSZERM HI TMEXV, XVKRH RYQEM GY S
QR JSEVXI TY'MR, GGM HI E# 3 XVEW GY XSEX TYXIVIE, E# 3 JSWX WMPMX W EPIVK,
RXVIFYMR'RHY-QM TYXIVIE GE W PI TSTVIWG.
(MR &IVR, GPXSVMRH WTVI +IRIZE, EQ XVIGYX TVMR 'LIQIRI, YRHI W
XVIGI KVPE >EQ TI TSH WXXXSV, JVYQSW #M XIQIMRMG: &MFIVI, YRHI IWXI
LSXEVYP GERXSRYPYM &IVR HI GXV I ERXSRYP *VIMFYVK, GI EVI PGYMXSVM 67.800
WY4IXI; 1SVEX, T. 0M/2 SVE# PRK FEPXE 1SVEX, E GVMME PYRKMQI IWXI GE HI 6
GIEWYVM, #M P'MQIE 2, RXVY GEVI RXV KVPE &VSMI. %TSM PE TMVEQMHE GI
RWIEQR FXEME GI EY G#XMKEX RE'ME R ERYP 1476, GEVI IWXI REPX GE HI 9
WXJRNMRM PEXYP, KVSWYP, NSW, GE HI - WXJRNMR, #M, WYW, QEM TY'MR HI NYQXEXI R
3I#GEVI TEVXI, XSEX PYGVEX GY PIWTI^M HI TMEXV RXVIKM, E#I^EXI YRE TIWXI
EPXE. (I EGMME, R %ZERKJ I, T. -. 3VE#; )RRMI', YRHI WYRX FM; 0YWIR', LSXEVYP
GERXSRYPYM *VIMFYVK HI GXV I ERXSRYP N :SH, E GVYME PGYMXSVM WYRX 144.500
WY4IXI. %GM W XVIGI #M KVPE &VSMI, TI TSH HI TMEXV FSPXMX. 1YHSR, T. 0]2,
SVE#, #M 0SWERE, T. 2.
-. 37 %2%)
3VE# QEVI, R QEVKMRIE FP'MM +IRIZMM, GVMME M ^MG #M 0IQER, EZRH
PYRKMQI 30 GIEWYVM, #M P'MQI 8. 4I EGIEWX FEPX, FI^ EPXI QYPXI PYRXVMM QEVM #M
QMGM, GY TR^I, WYRX #M 3 ZETSVYVM, #M XSEXI YQFP HMR SVE# R SVE#, GYSEQIRM
GPXSVM #M QVJYVM. "M RXV-EGIWX SVE# RY WYRX TY'MRI PYGVYVM WTVI FYRE
SVRHYMEP, EHIZVEX PYQREVI #M, R WGYVX, SF#XIEWG JIVMGMVI.
(I EGMME #M TR PE ZIWXMXYP SVE# +IRIZE, XSX HVYQYP I TI QEVKMRIE
FP'MM, GY EPII, WTEPIVYVM, ZMM, KVHMRM GY JIPYVMQM HI JSM#SEVI #M GEWI HSQRI#XM,
TIRXVY GEVI #M IWXI GIP QEM JVYQSW HVYQ, RXSGQEM GE R -XEPME.
(MR 0SWERE EQ QIVW TVMR :HM, 4VIZIVIKLI; RXV-EGIWXI HSES WEXI W
XVIGI VYP 6IRSI. 1SVKLIW, T. -, SVE#; ETSM TI PRK GIX'M, (YPM, #M MEV (YPM34,
#M 4VERKLMRW; 2MSR, T. -, SVE#. 'STIX, SVE# R GIXEXI, YRHI IWXI #M LSXEVYP
GERXSRYPYM :SH HI GXV I ERXSRYP +IRIZMM, GI EVI PGYMXSVM 41.700 W Y J PIXI;
:IVKSR, T. - SVE#, #M +IRIZE, T. -. (+)2):%)
%GIWX SVE# IWXI HIWXYP HI QEVI, HEV GEWIPI, GIPI QEM QYPXI, WYRX JSEVXI
ZIGLM, EZRH TY'MRI PYGVEXI GY EVLMXIGXYVE GIE RSES. )WXI TYW XSGQEM R GSP'YP
FP'MM, RXVY GEVI, FI^ EPXI KVPI #M VYVM GI MRXV, GIE QEM QEVI IWXI KVPE 6SR,
GEVI, I#MRH HMR FEPX, GYVKI TVMR QMNPSGYP SVE#YPYM, R P'MQI GE HI 60 WXJRNMXMM,
#M HYT GI MRXV R SVE#, TY'MR QEM PE ZEPI W QTEVXI HI YR SWXVSZ, TI GEVI
WYRX ^MHMVM SV#IRI#XM; #M PE RGITIVIE ^MHMVMPSV, PE GETYP HMR WYWYP ETMM, IWXI S
QE#MR ZIWXMX, TVMR GEVI YVG ETE ETVSETI HI 30 WXJRNMRM, QTV'MRHY-S PE
XSEXI JRXRXPI SVE#YPYM. 'GM XSEXI SVE#IPI, HMR &IVR #M TR PE +IRIZE, WYRX
XSX TI PSGYVM REPXI, MEV RY #I'I WEY R ZM.
RXV-EGIWX SVE# IWXI EGIP XYVR GI W-EY ^MHMX GLMEV HI -YPMI 'LIWEV;
E#M#HIVIE #M GEWE RXVY GEVI W-EY RWGYX -SER PEGSZ 6YWWS, #M, WTVI GMRWXI-M, EY
S XEFP QEVI, WGVMW GY WPSZI HI EYV, EXVREX HI E WYTVE Y#MM GI IWXI R YPM',
#M WTVI 'MRIVI-M HI QMRXI, EY #M HEX YPM'MM EGIMME RYQMVI 9PM'E PYM 6YWWS, YRHI
SVMGRH ZE QIVKI GMRIZE#, XVIFYMI W KWIEWG WXVIMR GYXRH PE XEFP #M
WGVMMRH WGVMWIPI. -EX GYQ RSVSEHIPI VWTPXIWG GIPSV FYRM #M JSPSWMXSVM GY
ZIGRMG WPEZ. GGM R GX ZVIQI ZE 3 EGIE YPM' R 3MR'-M, SEQIRMM XSX ZSV
EPIVKE W-M ZE^ PGE#YP RXVY GEVI W-EY RWGYX, GY GEVI W QVI#XI #M W
RQYP'I#XI WPEZE PYM.
)WXI S WS'MIXE HI SEQIRM RZ'E'M, GI XSXHIYRE W GLMT^YMIWG WTVI
HIWGSTIVMVIE #M RPIWRMVIE QI#XI#YKYVMPSV #M QGEV TIRXVY SVGEVI RSY GI ZE
TYXIE 3 WTVI JSPSWYP SF#XMM.
%Y S QEVI FMFPMSXLMG SF#XIEWG, E#MNHIVIE #M YR 3FWIVZEXSVMYQ.
'YQ #M GEFMRIX 3VIWG, HYT GYQ PE EPXI TV'M EQ GYZRXEX.
4VIGYQ #M EHYREVI HI PYGVYVM HMR ZIGLMQI, GYQ, MEV#, PE EPXI SVE#I EQ
RWIQREX.
"GSEP SF#XIEWG TIRXVY RZ'EVIE ^YKVZIPMM.
"GSEP TIRXVY WGSFMXYP R TMEXV #M RXV-EPXI QIXEPYVM. (92-:)67-8%8))
"GSEP YRMZIVWMXEXI TIRXVY XSX GYVWY! RZ'XYVMPSV, YRHI EQ #M PWEX TI
"XIJER M 2MGSPEI, 3MM QIM, WTVI RZ'XYV. "M 3MRHG RXV-EGIWX ER EQ YQFPEX
RYQEM TIRXVY EGIEWX XVIFYMR', HI EGIME EQ GIVGIXEX XSEXI GLMTYVMPI GI EY
TI PE YRMZIVWMX'M, MRWXMXYXYVM #M TERWMSERI, #M RHVWRIWG W ^MG GXV TVMR'MM GI
ZSMIWG W-# XVMQM' GSTMMM R 'VM WXVIMRI, WTVI RZ'XYVM HI GEVXI #M FYRI
RVEZYVM, W RY W QEM R#EPI XVMQM'MRHY-M R ZVWX HI 20-22 ERM, GY RKVMNMXSVM
XSGQM'M, GYQ IWXI SFMGIMYP PE RSM, GGM TIRXVY QYPXI TVMGMRM KVI#IWG; GM W-M
XVMQM' R MRWXMXYXYVMPI QTVXI#XM, GVMI#XM WEY RE'MSREPMGI#XM, GI WYRX QEM R
XSEXI WXTRMVMPI, GRH WYRX R ZVWX HI 8 ERM, JV HI RMGM S W3EP #M JV HI
RMGM S KVMNI. 'GM PE EGIWXI MRWXMXYXYVM WYRX HEWGPM TIRXVY XSEXI PMQFMPI GIPI QEM
XVIFYMRGMSEWI #M SFMGMRYMXI, GYQ: JVSR'S^I#XI, RIQ'I#XI, IPMRI#XI, PEXMRI#XI #M
MXEPMRI#XI E#MNHIVIE #M HEWGPM HI NSG, HI ^YKVZMX, HI QYWMG #M HI E-# RZ'E
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MWXSVMMM R TEVXI, KLISKVE3MM, RZ'XYVMM GVIHMR'MM; HMR 3PSWS3I, EWYTVE PSKLMGMM,
QIXE3WMGMM, QSVEPYPYM; EPKIFVMM, KLISQIXVMMM, MWXSVMMM E XSEX PYQIE, MWXSVMMM
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ERM TR PE 20, HI ZE ZSM W W JEG YR FYR TVEZMPME#, WEY SWXE#, WEY HSJXSV WEY
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R ZVWX GSTMPVME; GGM RXV-EGIWXI QEVM PGE#YVM WYRX SVRHYMIPM #M SHMLRI GY
QYPX QEM TVIWYW HIGX GLIEV TVI PE GEWIPI RSEWXVI. 'GM, FI^ RZ'XSVMM
HEWGPM, GI WYRX RGIVGE'M PE RZ'XYVMPI PSV #M FYRI RVEZYVM, #M TIRXVY EGIPI
XSEXI RKVMNMVM WYRX HMVIGXSVM, MGSRSQM, HSGXSVM, WPYKM RGIVGEXI, SHM JSEVXI
GYVEXI, E#XIVRYXYVMPI E#MNHIVIE, RZ'XYVE, LVERE#M WSQRYP GY SVRHYMEP, GYQ
#M WPSFS^IRME TVMR KVHMR, WTVI NSGYVM, PE ZVIQI LSXVX. "M RY TSEXI GMRIZE#
^MGI G EGIWXI RKVMNMVM #M FYRI SVRHYMIPM G W T^IWG RYQEM PE 3MM EGIPSV HI
XVITXI REPXI, WEY PE E' TQRXIRMPSV RYQEM; GGM PE EGIWXI MRWXMXYXYVM, 3Y
QGEV HI TVMR', QGEV HI RSFPI'I, QGEV HI GIP QEM TVSWX SQ, XS'M RXV-YR JIPM
RZE', W LVRIWG, #M YR JIPM HI QFVGQMRXI EY; HISWIFMVI IWXI RYQEM PE
#IHIVIE QIWMM, GGM TYR TI GIM QEM WMPMXSVM PE RZ'XYV #M PE ZMVXYXI QEM WYW, #M
TI GIM QTSXVMZ, HI XSX PE ZEPI. %#MNHIVIE #M TVSJIWSVMM, GEVI SFMGRYMIWG HI EY
GEWI QEVM GY KVHMRM, TVMR SVE#I, HEV QEM QYPX TI PE 'EV, GEVI 'MR #M EP'M XVIM-
TEXVY HEWGPM #M TVMQIWG GX 30-40-50 GSTMM PE TERWMSR, EHIG GY XSGQIEP
TIRXVY RZ'XYVM FYRE-GVI#XIVI #M LVERE. 2MGM EGIWXIE RY-M TVMQIWG HM ZVWX
QEM QEVI, GM QEM ZVXSW M TVMQIWG QEM PIWRI HI 5 ERM HIGX HI ^IGI, ^MGRH
G, GY GX WYRX QEM QMGM, GY EXXE QEM QYPX RPIWRMVI EY HI E W TPQHM
HYT EPI PSV RZ'XYVM, GI PI HEY WTVI FYRE-GVI#XIVI. -EV RSM M XVM QMXIQ RXV-S
E#E ZVWX R GEVI RY RYQEM WYRX TPQHM'M, GM #M GST'M HIWXYP GY ZMVXY'MPI
SEQIRMPSV GEWMM.
8-E EGIWXI MRWXMXYXYVM #M TERWMSERI EQ Z^YX QYP'M GSTMM, R ZVWX HI 6 #M
7 ERM, HI PE )RKPMXIVE, HI PE %QIVMGE #M *VER'ME, #M GLMEV HMRXV-EGIWXI SVE#I,
GSTMM HI TVMR'M FSKE'M, QMPMSRMWXM, #M EP'MM HI XVITXI REPXI. 2Y GYQZE# TI PE
EGIPI PSGYVM #M GVEMM RY EY EWIQIRIE RZ'XYVM, #M QEM FYRI# 2Y GYQZE# EGIM
TVMR'M FSKE'M R-EV TYXIE 'MRIE R GEW-PI HEWGPM# (EV W GYRSE#XI G E#E EY
KWMX-S G IWXI QEM WTVI JSPSW: %YWXVME W-M XVMQIE' PE &EZEVME #M &EZEVME PE
%YWXVME; #M, EWIQIRIE, 3I#GEVI 'MRYX PE EPXYP, GYQ EQ Z^YX GLIEV HMR 4EVMW
JVER'S^ R 4IWXE, #M HMR &VE#SZ R 4EHYE, #M HMR )PZI'ME R &EZEVME.
"M, R WGYVX, SVGEVI TVMRXI ZE ZSM W-# XVMQM' GSTMPYP R EPXI 'VM, XVMQMX-
P PE EGIWXI MRWXMXYXYVM #M TERWMSERI GRH IWXI R ZVWX HI 8 ERM, GE, GRH ZE 3
R ZVWX HI 20 ERM, W WI FYGYVI EXX TVMRXIPI, GX #M GLIEV XRVYP HI
HSFRHMVIE E FYRIM-GVI#XIVM #M E RZ'XYVMM. )Y, HI RY E# 3 EPIVKEX EXX
HIQYPX, #M ENYXEX #M HI XSZEV#MM GI EQ EZYX R GPXSVMI. #M TSGM ^MGI #M
SEVI#GEVI RSVSG, KWMRH TI YR TQRXIER GY HISWFMX VZR HI E WPYKM #M E
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TVMIXIRM, GI W-EY RXQTPEX W-M KWIWG R +IRIZE, EPI EGIPYM SVS#ER FYRI
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GSTMM HI EM RS#XVM, W RXPRIWG HEWGPM RZ'E'M #M ZIWXM'M HI EM RS#XVM, #M
TVSJIWSVM WXVIMRM, GYQ #M WGVMWSVM EQ Z^YX, EPI YRSVE GXV EP'MM, GEVI XS'M
EHIZVEX RHIQRIE^ #M TSZ'YMIWG GE RIKVI#MX XMRIVMQIE W EPIVKI R
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GYZMMRGMSEWE #M GY QMNPSEGIPI GIPI QEM FYRI, HRHY-#M TIRXVY XSEXI GYZRXYP.
%GIWXI XSEXI EY^MVM #M ZIHIVM Q-EY WMPMX W JEG GYRSWGYX JVE'MPSV GSQTEXVMS'M,
EHIZVYP EWYTVE EGIWXYM JSPSW, ^MGRH G TVMR'MM RY W GYZMRI W QEM EMF EPX
KVMNI HIGX, HI PE ZVWX GEVIE GSTMPYP RGITI E ZSVFM, W RGIET E-M RZ'E R
PMQFE RE'MSREP E GMXM #M E WGVMI, HI#XITXRHY-M WTVI HEXSVMMPI GEXILMWQYPYM PIKMM,
#M SEVI#GI RZ'XYV RXV-EGIE WXVIMR PMQF TVMR GEVI WSGSXI#XI G W ZE
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WX R QRE QI#XI#YKYPYM HEWGPYPYM #M E TVMR'MPSV RHIQREVI #M QMNPSG, GGM
IY HIWXYP Q-EQ VY#MREX GRH EQ Z^YX R TERWMSERI GSTMM HI 8-9 ERM W #XMI GI
R-EY #XMYX EM QIM, HI 20 HI ERM, W ZSVFIEWG, ^MG, XVIM PMQFM WPSFSH #M W EMF
#XMMR' HI GEXILMWQYP FMWIVMGIWG EXX, GX TIWXI TYXMR' EV 3 JSWX W GVII^, HI
RY E# 3 EY^MX; GYQ #M QEVI TVST#MVI PE XSEX RGITIVIE RZ'XYVMM.
(MR +IRIZE, TSVRMRH RRETSM, RY EQ YVQEX XSX EGIP HVYQ, GM, GE W Z^
QEM QYPXI PSGYVM R 'MRYXYP )PZI'MMM, #M EGIP ZIWXMX GEXEVEGX EP 6IRYPYM, #M GE W
MRXVY QEM QYPX R (YGEXYP &EHIR #M R 'VMME ZM VXIQFIVK, EQ WGLMQFEX HVYQYP
HMR WXE'ME 1SVEX, QIVKRH TVMR %VFIVK, T. P/2, SVE#, YRHI W XVIGI KVPE %EV;
&MSVIR, T. -, SVE# R QEVKMRIE KVPMM %EV, YRHI IWXI #M LSXEVYP GERXSRYPYM &IVR
HI GXV I ERXSRYP 7SPSXYV, E GVYME PGYMXSVM WYRX 47.800 WY34IXI; 7SPSXYV, T.
-, SVE# QEVI, TVMR GEVI GYVKI KVPE %EV, XSGQEM TVMR QMNPSG, EZRH TSHYVM
TIRXVY GSQYRM GE'ME SVS#ERMPSV; :MXPMWFE, SVE# R GIXEXI; (IVQMLPI, GIXEXI;
3PXIR, T. 2, SVE# R QEVKMRIE KVPMM %EV, GI W XVIGI TI TSH WXXXSV; %KVEY, T.
-, SVE#, RXVY GEVI W PYGVIE^ JEFVMGI HI TR^I; :MPHIK, YRHI IWXI JEFVMG HI
WXEQFI. ('9:28%6) ()37)&-8%
%GIEWX QYP'MQI HI JEFVMGI WYRX R XSEXI 'MRYXYVMPI IZVSTIRI#XM, GGM GY
EGIWXI JEFVMGM 3I#GEVI WXTRMVI # JSPSWI#XI RSVSHYP, HI EGIME JEG #M JIPYVMQM
HI ENYXSEVI EGIPSVE GI RXIQIME^ JEFVMGI, MEV RY QTSXVMZ, W PI ME HSQRMM
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30 SVM QEM QYPX. 1EVI TEKYF IWXI GRH S 'EV R ZIGM GYQTV XSEXI
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EGIEWXE. GYQ IWXI R XMGPSEW TEXVME RSEWXV, GEVI EVI R PYRK 2 LSXEVI, YRYP
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0MTWME #M 4EVMW, MEV TVMR GIP HIWTVI QIE^-^M, QMPSWXMZMM HSQRM, TVMR EVIRHIPI
HSQRMMPSV.
3! TVITYXIVRMGI TVMRXI EP XYXYVSV RSVSEHIPSV! 2MGMSHEX RY S W WI
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GLMRYVM# 3! TVIEFYRYPI WXTRI! 2Y S W 3Q M^FZM'M S HEX HI XSEXI RIZSMPI#
2Y S W RI RZVIHRMVMQ W ZIHIQ S VE^ HI PYQMR, GEVI W RI RHVITXI^I
WTVI SF#XIEWGE JIVMGMVI# (EV GI ^MG#
6E^#
-EX, RXVIEK PYQMR W-EY EVXEX, HI GXV TVIERHYVXSVMYP
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^MG, GIE WTVI JIVMGMVIE SF#XMM, GGM HYT EGIEWXE ZMR XSEXI JIVMGMVMPI; MEV JV HI
EGIEWXE, RMGM YR FMRI R PYQI RY W RXIQIME^; #M GGM R SF#XIEWGE JIVMGMVI ZE
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G RI-EQ TIVHYX WPEZE, WXEVIE #M GMRWXIE, ENYRKRH #M R LYPE PYQMM. 9RMVIE
WTVI JSPSWYP SF#XMM RI JIVMGI#XI, YRMVIE WPZI#XI, YRMVIE RXIQIME^ XSX FMRIPI.
(YT EGIEWXE EPIVKRH, JVE'MPSV! W S QFV'M#Q, GE TVMR JETXI W RI
GYRSE#XIQ G EQ ZVYX, HEV R-EQ TYXYX W WPYKMQ TEXVMMM!
(MR :MPHIK EQ QIVW R WEXYP %FWFYVK, YRHI WYRX FM. &VYG, T. 1:2 SVE#
QEVI, R QEVKMRIE KVPMM %EV. (I EGMME, TY'MR QEM REMRXI, W XVIGI KVPE 6IMYW
TI TSH WXXXSV, #M &EHIR, T. 0]2, YRHI W XVIGI KVPE 0MRMEX. %GIWXI 3 QEVM
KVPI.
%EV, 6IMYW #M 0MQEX W QTVIYR PE YR PSG TY'MR QEM REMRXI HI WEXYP
:IRRMRK, #M HI EGSPS QIVK QTVIYREXI TR W ZEVW R 6MR, PRK WEXYP
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LSXEVYP )PZI'MMM HI GXV (YGEXYP &EHIR, XVIGRHY-W 6MRYP TI TSH WXXXSV,
JSEVXI QEVI #M 'IETR, YRHI, ETVSETI HI GETYP TSHYPYM GIP HIWTVI &EHIR, IWXI
YR XYVR HI GIX'YMI ^MHMX HMR ZVIQIE VSQERMPSV. (I EGMME, R 2EIWXIXIR, TIRXVY
ZIHIVIE EGIPYM ZVIHRMG HI QMVEVI GEXEVEGX EP 6MRYPYM, TIRXVY GEVI EPIEVK
SEQIRMM HMR XSEXI TV'MPI PYQMM, #M QEM ZVXSW JVER'S^M #M IRKPI^M. %Q ^MW
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EVXEVI #M HIWGVMIVI, RGX GIP GI P ZE ZIHIE ^YKVZMX, WEY M ZE GMXM HIWGVMIVIE,
W TSEX E-P TIXVIGI GY WMQ'MVIE, RXSGQEM GYQ GRH P-EV ZIHIE GY SGLMM.
('%8%6%'890 6-2909-)
'EPI GE HI . GIEW HITEVXI, RGITI E W EY^M YR ^KSQSX GY S SEVI#GEVI
HYHYMEP, GI W TVMGMRYME#XI HMR VITIHIE EVYRGXYV E 6MRYPYM; HEV EGIEWXE
IWXI RMQMG TI PRK QMVEVIE #M W3MEPE GY TPGIVI GI GSTVMRHI TI SQ GRH ZMRI
PRK EVYRGXYV-M #M XRTSXVMZ-M, #M ZIHI G. HMRXV-S RP'MQI GE HI 10
WXJRNMRM, #M P'MQI 35. W EVYRG ETE NSW, 3MRH WXVQXSVEX, HMR TEVXIE
HVIETX, HI YR QYRXI HI TIEXV, EWYTVE GVYME IWXI ^MHMX S GIX'YMI. #M R
ZIGM XSEX ^MHMVIE W GYXVIQYV. #M HMR WXRKE, HI EPX QYRXI QEVI, TI GEVI
WYRX 4 JEFVMGM: HI XEFEG, EVTGE#, JMR, #M HI JIV, YRHI, EVYRGRH EGIE TMEXV
HMR GEVI W JEGI 3IVYP, #M JIVFRH QEM GY QYPX ^SV HIGX PE JEFVMGE HI WXMGP, W
JEGI YR QEXIVMEP GYVKXSV, HMR GEVI XSVR #M PYGVIE^ SVGI JIPYVMQM ZSMIWG. 4VMRXV-
EGIWXM 2 QYR'M GYVKRH KVPE 6MRYPYM, R P'MQIE GI EQ ^MW, #M EZRH XSGQEM PE
QYGLIE QVKMRMM, YRHI GEHI ETE, EPXI 2 GSP'YVM HI TMEXV, GI IW HMR PYQMRE
ETMM GE HI 3 WXJRNMRM, W HIWTEVXI GYVKIVIE R XVIM PMQFM, XSGQEM R PSGYP
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RJVMGS#EX WKSQSX, #M NSW, R GHIVIE ETMM, RIQEMZ^RHY-W GYVKIVI HI KVP,
GM R XSEX P'MQIE S EPF WTYQ, GE ^TEHE YQ4EX, #M TVMR VITI^MGMYRI
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MY'IEP, W VHMG YR RSV RXVYTEX HI EGIPI QVYRXI WXVSTMXYVM TIWXI XSEX
EGIE P'MQI, WXRH R ZIGM EGIP RSV R Z^HYL, TVIHMHMRH XSXHIEYRE EPXI
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10 SVM QEM TVIWYW HI E S ZIHIE GMRIZE# WTVI WEV, GRH PSZIWG VE^IPI WSEVIPYM
R XSX GEXEVEGXYP; HMR GEVI TVMGMR W TVIZIHI #M W GYRSE#XI GX HI QEVI #M
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ZIHIVI TI GEVI IY R-EQ TYXIVI HI E S HIWGVMI. 'YQ #M JVYQYWI'IE #M TPGIVIE
IWXI RIWTYW, GRH ZE ZIHIE-S GMRIZE# RSETXIE, MEV#, GRH PYRE ZE 3
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GEVI GY QYP'YQMX WE W TSEX E W HITVXE HI EGIEWX ZIHIVI.
0E ERYP 1805, R ZVIQIE ZIVMM, GRH KVPE EY JSWX QEM QMG, EY RHVWRMX
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EGIPI HSES GI EQ ^MW. "M IWXMQ, ZEVE, MEV# R ZVIQIE QMG#SVVMM KVPMM, HMR G'M
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WXER HI TMEXV. (I E QIVKI TR PE EGIPI 2 TMIXVMM, GRH ETE IWXI QMG. GGM
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M, GGM 3I#GEVI PSZMXYV HI S WXVSTMXYV W WSGSXI#XI GE HI YR KPSR'. "M MEV# ^MG
G IWXI RXV-YR ^HEV W Q WMPIWG HI E-M JEGI RXSGQEM GYRSWGYX EGIE
TVMZIEP.
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EP GVYME PGYMXSVM WYRX 26.000 WY4 IXI.
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#M QEM QMG HI NYQXEXI HIGX &EVE 6SQRIEWG. %GYQ NYHIGI 3I#GMRI: GRH
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SVE# R QEVKMRIE FP'MM &SHIR; 1IVFYVK, SVE# QEVI R QEVKMRIE FP'MM;
1EVHSVJ, T. P/2 SVE#; )FEL, 7XEHIP, %PXEYWIR; RXV-EGIWXI 2 WEXI IWXI LSXEVYP
(YGEXYPYM &EHIR HI GXV 'VMME ZM V XIQFIVK.
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Z^YX TI PE GIPI QEM QEVM QTV'MM #M GVMM, EGIEWX ZIHIVI, ^MG, QEM QYPX Q-
EY RHIQREX W RWIQRI^ XSEXI GXI ZH, #M W EQ XIQIMRMG RHINHI G
TEXVME RSEWXV TSEXI GY QYPX QEM QYPX E W JIVMGM, 3MRHY-M 'MRYXYP QEM QEVI, #M
TQRXYP HMR 3VI FSKEX.
:MXIPI EPI EGIWXYM 'MRYX WYRX QEVM #M FMRI RKVMNMXI. 7QRXYVMPI, XSX
EGIPIE; E#MNHIVIE #M TSEQIPI. 'YPIWYP ZMMPSV, PE GXI TEXVY EGIWXG 'MRYXYVM.
)PZI'ME, &EHIR, ZM V XIQFIVK #M &EZEVME. W RGITI HI PE 5 TR PE 10
SGXSQZV MI, MEV JXGMYRIE SMPSV, R XSEXI EGIWXI 'MRYXYVM, IWXI GY S HISWIFMX
FYR SVRHYMEP, GGM HI TVMQZEVE, HI GRH RGIT E JXE, #M TR EGYQE, R
20 RSMIQZV MI, GRH Q E4Y MEV# R :MIRE RIGSRXIRMX EQ Z^YX TIWXI
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EGIPSV GI ZSV ZSM W EMF GEVRI HI QMIP XSXHIEYRE.
4SVXYP IWXI RXSGQEM GE R )PZI'ME, EHIG: TPVMI, VSG (S LEMR TR PE
KIRYRGLI), ZIWXI, GQE#, TERXEPSRM PYRKM, GMWQI; MEV QYMIVMPI R GET EY GE
YR GLMT HI GM' GY TIVZE^ PEX, TIRXVY WSEVI, GQE#, VSGLMI #M YR WTIR'IV
RIKVY GI EVI QTVIYREX #M S PIKXYV HI KX, VQMRH QRIGMPI GQ#MM #M
TMITXYP EJEV HMR WTIR'IV, WGVSFMX GY WGVSFIEP EPFEWXV. -EV GIPI GI WYRX TVMR
SVE#I, WYRX QFVGEXI GE 3I#GEVI HEQ HMR RSFPI'I.
"GSEPI RY EY RYQEM TVMR SVE#I, GM, RIKVI#MX, TVMR XSEXI WEXIPI.
4QRXYP, HMR REXYV, IWXI WVEG, 3MRH MEV# GEQ TMIXVSW #M RMWMTSW; HEV
RIGSRXIRMXE RKVMNMVI P TVIJEGI R VSHMXSV.
'YQ #M R 'VMME ZM V XIQFIVK RXVRH, EWIQIRIE EQ Z^YX XSEXI
YVQRHY-W WTVI JIVMGMVI SF#XIEWG #M TSHSEFE PSGYPYM; #M PSGYP SEVI#GI QEM
FYR, GGM EQ Z^YX RY RYQEM FVE^M, GM #M EPXI JIPYVMQM HI GSTEGM, #M HMR XSEXI W
GYRS#XIE G TQRXYP IWXI QEM HY- R XI\XYP HI FE^ WGVMW: (2, IH.).
QIWXRMG, RI3MRH #M HIEPYVM RIGSRXIRMXI. "M 3MRHG R ZVIQIE GI RME
E4EQ TI EGIWXI PSGYVM IVE R 10-PIE SGXSQZV3I, R-EQ TYXYX ZIHIE TIWXI
GQTYVM EPXI WQRXYVM HIGX GEVXSMM, ZEV^, FVS#FI, VMHMGLM, KYPMM, WPIGPI; #M
HMR TSEQI, QIVI, TIVI #M TVYRI1, GYQ #M 3RYP GIP WEQREX. (EV, HYT
TSXVMZIEPE GPMQMM #M HYT PSGYVMPI GIPI RG RISKSVMXI, W GYRS#XIE G EY XSEXI
WQRXYVMPI GIPI HMR ZIGMRXEXI, TVMWSWMRHY-W, HYT E QIE TVIVI, QYRGE
TQRXYPYM, G IWXI QEM QYPX EHYW PE HIWZV#MVI.
-EV PSGYVMPI TVMR GEVI EQ GPXSVMX WYRX EGIWXI: 8EPHSVJ, 3FIV'IP, 3XIVPSL,
6EZIRKFYVK, T. -, SVE#, %IPMKLIGVEM', %PXHSVJ, GIX'YMI RXV-YR PSG JSEVXI REPX, HI
YRHI ^MG G W ZIHI 7XVEWFYVK. GI IWXI LSXEV EP *VER'MMM HI GXV (YGEXYP
&EHIR, TI KVPE 6MRYPYM; :EMRKEVXIR, &ERIJYVX, 7XIGPMR, &IVXEMXI, *SVWX,
%MRXMVIR, %VREL, 6MRIPHMRKLIR, 73RKLIR, &YV'EL, T. -, SVE#, &EMIVW, *VEYIRPSX,
SV#IP, (VILIVK, %RXVEL. -RXV-EGIWXI 2 WEXI IWXI LSXEVYP ZM V XIQFIVK HI GXV
&EZEVME. "M EQ QIVW TVMR *IVXSJIR, -PIVJIPH, *SPGLIV'SJIR, 1IRMTKLIR, T. -, SVE#
QEVI. 9RKLIVEYWIR, )VGLEMQ, 3FIVGEQPEL, 3FIVEYIVFEL, 1MRHIPLEMQ, T. -,
SVE# QEVI.
'LMVLHSVJ, :MHIVKLIXMRKLIR #M &YLPSI, T. -, SVE#. %GMME EQ HEX R
HVYQYP GIP QEVI, GEVI W-EY WGVMW QEM REMRXI.
-EV HI PE 1MRLIR, GPXSVMRH WTVI :MIRE, Q-EQ EFXYX RYQEM PE SVE#YP
4EWWEY, TIRXVY JVYQYWI'IE GI EQ EY^MX G EVI; GGM IWXI XSGQEM R GSP'YP GI
JEGI KVPE -RR, YRHI RXV R (YRVI, GEVI 3MRHG IWXI QEM MYXI HIGX GYVKIVIE
(YRVMM, XEMI (YRVIE HI GYVQI^M# TR PE QEPYP GIP HMQTSXVMZ. (I EGMME,
RXSVGRHY-Q HVITX R :MIRE #M RIQEMEZRH GI EPXE E WGVMI HIWTVI GPXSVMI,
EQ KRHMX G XVIFYMI W Q WSGSXIWG GE YR ZMRSZEX GRH RY ZSM MWTVZM
GYZR'RH #M HI EP HSMPIE SEV ZMI'YMVIE GIE PMRM#XMX E ZMIRI^MPSV, JVYQYWI'IE
E QYPXIPSV TPMQFVM HI TVMQTVINYVYP :MIRMM, #M GIE HI TYVYVIE PYQMR'MI, HI GY
WEVE TR R ^MS, GI IWXI R XSEX KVHMRE GI QTVINYV GIXEXIE :MIRE.
"M GGM RHINHIE IWXI RIHIWTV'MX HI XSX SQYP GI W E4 RG TVI
TQRX, EGIEWXE RHINHI EZRH #M IY, Q FYGYV RHNHYMRH G, RIKVI#MX, ZE
ZIRM ZVIQI RXVY GEVI TEXVME QIE, RY ^MG R TY'MRM ERM, WE WI WQYMEWG
RXSGQEM GY SVE#IPI GIPI QEVM GI EQ Z^YX; G QGEV TEWYP GIP HMRXM W WI
JEG, GI EHYGI XSEXI RSVSEHIPI WTVI JIVMGMVI, GEVIPI TEW IWXI YRYP #M RYQEM
YRMVIE WTVI JSPSWYP SF#XMM, GI HI QYPXI SVM EQ GYZRXEX.
+037%6 EGEHIQMI MRWXMXY'MI HI RZ'QRX WYTIVMSV; YRMZIVWMXEXI (T.
16, 55).
EQIWXIGE (E WI b) E WI HI^SVKERM^E (T. 47). %QIWXIGXYV RGYVGXYV
(T. 86); EQIWXIGXYV HI QIXEPYVM EPMEN (T. 106).
ERXMG STIV HI EVX TVSHYW R ERXMGLMXEXI WEY JSEVXI ZIGLI (T. 40,
63, 104).
EREJSVE VIJIVEX; VETSVX WGVMW (T. 80, 81). %T ETI QIX EPMG I#XM ETI
QMRIVEPI (T. 21, 73); ETI QIXEPMGI#XM 3VI#XM 3IVFMRXI ETI QMRIVEPI XIVQEPI
(T. 127). %VEQ FVSR^ (T. 37).
EVXE (E WI b) E WI EVXE GY WPYNF GXVI GMRIZE E WMQYPE ^IPYP
(TIRXVY GMRIZE), E WMQYPE HIZSXEQIRXYP (TIRXVY GMRIZE) (T. 76).
EVXEVI WTIGXEGSP (XIEXVEP) (T. 111); E JEGI EVXEVI E I\TYRI (T. 27).
EVQE# (R SVKERM^EVIE JIYHEP E &VMM 6SQRI#XM) WPYNFE# GY RWVGMRVM
NYHMGMEVI #M EHQMRMWXVEXMZI.
EWGYPXEVI MRWXVYMVI WTIGMEP, TVIKXMVI QIXSHMG (T. 10).
FEMI QRE (T. 21); FM QIXEPMGI#XM 3VI#XM 3IVFMR'M WXE'MYRM FEPRIEVI GY
ETI QMRIVEPI XIVQEPI (T. 27); ZI^M WYTVE, ETI QIXEPMGI#XM 3VI#XM 3IVFMRXI.
FEPGSR KVMPEN (T. 114).
FER * (R SVRHYMVGE JIYHEP E &VMM 6SQRI#XM) XMXPY TYVXEX HI QEVIPI
HVIKXSV RWVGMREX GY EHQMRMWXVEVIE 3PXIRMIM; TVMQYP FSMIV EP 'VMM (T. 65).
FEVFYR TI#XI QMG, VS#MEXMG, HI ET QEVMR, GSQIWXMFMP (1YPPYW FEVFEXYW)
(T. 102).
FKEVI FKEVI HI WIEQ SFWIVZE'MI; GYVMS^MXEXI (T. 71, 99, 101);
EREPM^ GVMXMG (T. 131).
FPFRM (E WI -) E WI FPFRM R PYQI E XVM HI E^M TI QMRI, E WI
WXVIGYVE GY KVIY TVMRXVI HM3GYPX'MPI XVEMYPYM ^MPRMG (T. 78).
FI^ R EJEV HI, PWRH PE S TEVXI, GY I\GIT'ME.
FMV MQTS^MX; FMVYP GIP HVITX MQTS^MXYP PIKEP (T. 79).
FVS#F RET (&VEWWMGE RETYW IWGYPIRXE).
GEPEQEV WTIGMI HI WITMI.
GEPIQKMI GERGIPEVMI; WIVZMGMY EP EHQMRMWXVE'MIM TYFPMGI. 'EPIQKMY
JYRG'MSREV EHQMRMWXVEXMZ; GSTMWX. 'EVXI WGVMIVI (T. P, 80).
GEW GEWE #XMMR'IM TIRXVY EGIME GEVI W REWG, QSV #M WI RWSEV S3GMY
HI WXEVI GMZMP (T. 49); GEW HI MGSRSQMI JIVQ EKVS^SSXILRMG (T. 30).
'EWRMG GWIER, KSWTSHEV. 'EZEPEVMI HIGSVE'MI. 'M' FSRIX.
GVMRH WTIGMI HI GVYWXEGIY QEVMR GSQIWXMFMP: GVIZIXI (4E PEIQSR
WUYMPPE).
GIEY#MI (R SVKERM^EVIE JIYHEP E &VMM 6SQRI#XM) JYRG'ME HI
GSQERHERX, HI #IJ EP YRIM MRWXMXY'MM TYFPMGI WEY QMPMXEVI. 'LMVME# GVY# (T.
164); ZI^M #M GLMVMKMY, GLMVMKMY GVY#; ZI^M #M GLMVME#.
GMYFYG TMT (SVMIRXEP) GY 'IEZE PYRK; GMYFYGMPI WPSFSHI JYQEXYP
IWXI TIVQMW; GMYFYGMPI RY WYRX WPSFSHI JYQEXYP RY IWXI TIVQMW.
GMYHM (E WI b) E WI QMVE. 'RH RGX (T. 118). 'SEN GSGLMPMI (T. 39).
GSRHIM RVEZ, SFMGIM VY (T. 82); E TYRI GSRHIM EWYTVE GYMZE E WGVMI
QTSXVMZE GYMZE (T. 51). 'SRXVEGGMY GSRGIWMSREV.
GVSEX WXRJ 'IWYX HIW, R TEXVY M'I, HI XMTYP WIVNYPYM, PYWXVMRYPYM,
VITWYPYM.
GVSEXE! XEPIV (QSRIX) MQTIVMEP EYWXVMEG. 'XIRMI WTIGMI HI GVET.
'YRMFEVE KLMYPIE, FSQF.
GYZRX GEY^, QSXMZ (T. 132); GY GYZRX PSKMG, VE'MSREP (T. 129).
HEV FMRIJEGIVI (T. 33).
HMNQVMX (R SVRHYMVIE JIYHEP HMR &EVE 6SQRGEWG) MQTS^MX R FERM
TIRXVY WXYTM M TIRXVY TSVGM.
HMTPSQEXMG MTSGVM^MI, RIWMRGIVMXEXI; PMRKY#IEP (T. 54); ZI^M #M TSPMXMG.
(MZER (R SVKERM^EVIE TSPMXMG JIYHEP E PEVMM 6SQRI#XM) GSRWMPMY GY
EXVMFY'MM TSPMXMGI, EHQMRMWXVEXMZI #M NYVMHMGI, EPGXYMX HMR FSMIVM RYQM'M HI
HSQRMXSV.
HSVSFSR'ME (R SVKERM^EVIE JIYHEP E &VMM 6SQRI#XM) MRWXMXY'MI
QMPMXEV RWVGMREX GY QIR'MRIVIE SVHMRMM MRXIVRI #M I\IGYXEVIE LSXVVMPSV
HSQRI'XM; NERHEVQIVMI.
HI EQFEWEHSV; VITVI^IRXERX HMTPSQEXMG. )WXMQ ZI^M IWXMQT. )WXMQT
R EGIWX ER.
JE' GYPSEVI. *TXYV JSVQ (T. 59).
3KYV 3KYVM TVMR GSTEGM JSVQEPMWMXI* JSVQI SF'MRYXI TVMR HMWTYRIVIE
GSTEGMPSV R WTE'MY WEY TVMR XYRHIVIE GSVSERIPSV (T. 146).
3PHI# IPIJERX.
3V #YZM' WYF'MVI HI EYV WEY HI EVKMRX, JSPSWMX SHMRMSEV R 'IWXYVMPI HI
TSHSEF.
4SVVMI WIV (T. 17); ZI^M #M SVERKIVMI. *SJIE^ GEREX (HI TSEVX, HI
Y#, HI JIVIEWXV). *SV#TER GSVZSEH GY GEMM, PE GEVI IVEY SFPMKE'M 'VERMM, R
JSPSWYP EVQEXIM MQTIVMEPI EYWXVS-YRKEVI.
JYRX QWYV HI KVIYXEXI IKEP GY ETVS\MQEXMZ 0,5 OK.
KE^H 'VER RWXVMX. +IVEL GLMVYVK. +PSEF EQIRH. +VEJ GSRXI.
LEMR LEMRI HI JIV HMR GVI#XIXYP GETYPYM #M TR R HIKIXIPI
TMGMSEVIPSV, GEVI WI RHSMIWG RYQEM PE RGLIMIXYVM EVQYVM.
LV^MX HVYMX; EGSVHEX (T. 129).
LIM TI#XI QMKVEXSV, WIVTIRXMJSVQ, GSQIWXMFMP; 'MTEV (%RKYMPPE ZYPKEVMW).
LSXVX LSXVRMGMX (T. 109).
LVMWSZ (R SVRHYMVIE JIYHEP HMR &EVE 6SQRIEWG) EGX HSQRIWG GEVI
WIVZIE HVITX EGX HI TVSTVMIXEXI.
LYWQIX (R SVRHYMVIE JIYHEP HMR &EVE 6SQRIEWG) WPYNF, JYRG'MG #M
ZIRMXYP VI^YPXEX HMR MQTS^MXIPI EJIVIRXI.
M #M.
MGSER XEFPSY; TSVXVIX; FYWX (T. 40).
MGSRSQ EHQMRMWXVEXSV.
MTEX HI EWIQIRIE.
MVEX ZIRMX (EP HSQRMXSVYPYM).
MWTVEZRMG (R SVKERM^EVIE TSPMXMG JIYHEP E &VMM 6SQRI#XM) #IJ EP
EHQMRMWXVE'MIM #M TSPM'MIM HMRXV-YR NYHI'. -WTVZRMGEX ZI^M MWTVZRMGMI.
MWTVZRMEI MRWXMXY'ME GSRHYW HI MWTVEZRMG #M JYRG'ME EGIWXYME.
M^ZSH M^ZSH HI ^MHMVI QSHIP HI GSRWXVYG'MI, HI EVLMXIGXYV (T. 103).
M^ZSHM (E b) E MRZIRXE; E GVIE. -^ZSHMXSV EYXSV.
QTMIXVMX, E FYG'M QTMIXVMXI HI PIQR QSWXVI HI GVFYRM HI TQRX
(T. 24); FYG'M QTMIXVMXI HI TQRX QSWXVI HI VSGM (T. 24, 39); FYG'M
QTMIXVMXI HMR TMGXYVE ETMM GEVIPI W JEG GY RQYP'MVIE ERMPSV* WXEPEGXMXI
#M WXEPEKQMXI.
QTSXVMZ R JE' (T. 29).
-RGINVIVI RGITIVIE E 3I#GVYME PYGVY IWXI RNYQX'MVIE MWTVZMXYPYM
YR PYGVY RGITYX IWXI TI NYQXEXI JGYX. RGIVGEX ZIVM3GEX.
RGLMTYM (E -) E VIHEGXE (T. 81).
RGLMTYMX, E TVSMIGXEX (T. 56); EQIRENEX (T. 38, 109). RGLMWSEVI
QTVINQYMVI (T. 152). RGPMREVI #YFVI^IRMI; HITIRHIR' (T. 139). RGPMREX, E
#YFVIH, JV FE^ WSPMH; MRXIVHITIRHIRX (T. 133).
RHVITXEVI HVITXEXI (T. 86).
RJ'M#EVI VITVI^IRXE'MI (XIEXVEP) (T. 101); ZI^M #M EVXEVI, RXIQIMEX, E
WTVMNMRMX (T. 16); XIQIMRMG (T. 125); GSR3VQEX (T. 129).
RXMVI MRXMGXEXI.
RXVIFYMR'EX (TVSFEFMP) GIP GEVI EVI S XVIFYMR'; (TVSFEFMP) TIXM'MSREV;
(TVSFEFMP) JYRG'MSREV (EQTPSMEX) (T. 27).
NEPSKMI SFPSR (HI PIQR).
NPYMXSV (NIPYMXSV) VIGPEQERX (T. 13, 81, 86).
NSG HERW (T. 48).
NYGE (E b) E HERWE (T. 47).
NYHI' GSQMXEX, QTV'MVI EHQMRMWXVEXMZ; ZI^M #M ZEVQIHMG. 0EZM'
PEZM' HI #IHIVI FERG (HI KVHMR TYFPMG) (T. 57, 144).
PGE# XIQTY (T. 59).
PIKXYV GSRZIR'MI, R'IPIKIVI (T. 22); GSRZIR'MI, XVEXEM HMTPSQEXMG (T.
24).
PIKI b VIPMKMI (T. 48).
PMGYVMR ZEVMIXEXI HI GLIJEP (WVEX #M EJYQEX). 0SKSJX PSKSJXYP GIP
QEVI (R SVKERM^EVIE TSPMXMG JIYHEP E &VMM 6SQRI#XM) TVMQYP WIGVIXEV EP
GERGIPEVMIM HSQRI#XM.
PSKSJI'IP (R SVKERM^EVIE JIYHEP E PEVMM 6SQRI#XM) GSTMWX R GERGIPEVME
HSQRIEWG.
PSWXVMI FSHIK, SWTXVMI.
PYE (E b) E PYE ZSVF E HMWGYXE.
PYHI (R SVKERM^EVIE JIYHEP HMR &EVE 6SQRIEWG) YRMXEXI HI
GSRXVMFYEFMPM, EPGXYMX HMRXV-YR RYQV ZEVMEFMP HI FMVRMGM.
PYQI PYQI HI#XITXEX PYQI GMZMPM^EX (T. 44). 0YR PYR
PYQMRSEW PYR TPMR (T. 175).
QEKLMWXVEX MRWXER' HI NYHIGEX (T. 13). 1EKLMWXVEXYV ZI^M
QEKLMWXVEX. 1EM ETVSETI (T. 70).
REPHILM XEJXE.
QVYRXEMI SFMIGXI (HI TSHSEF) QVYRXI (T. 147) 1IQZVERE
TIVKEQIRX.
QIVXMG GERXMXEXI 3\ (1-2 SGEPI) HI LVER. 1IXEP FYG'M HI QIXEPYVM
GY TQRXYP PSV RIPYGVEX (T. 18), QIXEPYVM GY TQRXYP PSV (T. 24), FYG'M
HI TQRX GY QIXEPYVMPI PSV (T. 62) QSWXVI HI QMRIVIYVM; QIXEPYP
TQMRXYPYM (T. 82) EYV. 1I^EX PMGMXE'MI.
QMHMI QSPYWG HI QEVI, GY GSVTYP RGLMW RXVI HSY WGSMGM SZEPI,
ETVSETI XVMYRKLMYPEVI, GSQIWXMFMP (1]XMPYW IHYPYW). 1MM FPER HI SEMI.
QMPMSVH (TVSFEFMP) RSFMP IRKPI^, PSVH (HMR IRKP. 1] PSVH), QS#QYP JVYGXYP
GSQIWXMFMP QSEPI, WYGYPIRX 'M GY KYWX HYPGI-EGVM#SV EP QS#QSRYPYM,
EVFYWX HMR JEQMPME VS^EGIIPSV (1IWTMPYW KIVQERMGE).
QS4Y^M (E WI b) E HE JEPMQIRX.
QYQFE#MV (R SVKERM^EVIE JIYHEP HMR &EVE 6SQRIEWG) WPYNFE#
RWVGMREX GY WXVRKIVIE FMVYVMPSV #M GY I\IGY'MMPI WMPMXI QYWXV I\IVGM'MY QMPMXEV.
2EQIWXMI GPHMVI. 2WXVET GER.
RITSXVMZMX, E MRIGLMXEFMP, RIHVITX (T89).
RITVZMPRMGMX, E MPIKEP.
RI^QMRXMX, E RIZXQEX (T. 24).
RYQEM YRMG (T. 111).
RYQI VIRYQI (T. 90).
RYQMX, E VIRYQMX (T. 38, 63).
SFVE^. SFVE^I TIVWSERI (HMR GPEWE JIYHEP), FSMIVM, RSFMPM (T. 83).
SGVQYMXSV GSRHYGXSV; SGVQYMXSV TSPMXMGIWG GSRHYGXSV EP
EHQMRMWXVE'MIM GMZMPI.
SHEMI SHM GY FYG'M HI:, TV'MPI HMR XVYTYP SQYPYM, R QYPXI JIPMYVMQM
XMEXI, #M EGIWXIE XSEXI JGYXI HI GIEV, RXSGQEM #M JV HI RMGM S HISWMFMVI HMR
GIPI EHIZVEXI PEFSVEXSV HI EREXSQMI R^IWXVEX GY QYPENI (T. 23). 3HMLR
PMRM#XI; GSRJSVX.
SKSV ZVIQIE SKSVYPYM* ZVIQIE EVEXYPYM (T. 95).
SMIVMX MQTS^MX TIVGITYX TIRXVY T#YREXYP SMPSV.
SPER YPER QMPMXEV HMR GEZEPIVME Y#SEV.
SVERKIVMI WIV; ZI^M #M 4SVVMI.
SVRHYMX SVRHYMXYP SQ KLMH (T. 141).
SVKER MRWXVYQIRX QY^MGEP.
SWMVHMI WXVHYMR', WVKYMR'.
SWXVSZ GSRXMRIRX (T. 9).
TEPEXMR (R SVRHYMVIE JIYHEP ETYWIER) REPX HIQRMXEV, KYZIVREXSV
QMPMXEV #M GMZMP EP YRIM TVSZMRGMM (GY VERK HI ZMGIVIKI EP 9RKEVMIM, R -QTIVMYP
EYWXVS-YRKEV). 4ETYG RGP'QMRXI.
TEVEHMI JIWXMZMXEXI (T. 3! 59); GSVXIKMY, EPEM (T. 32, 33). 4EG TSHMYQ (T.
106); TEX GY QI#XI#YK, TI GEVI #I^RH SQYP, GY VTI^MGMYRI P WYMI HIEWYTVE
PRZPM#YPYM EWGIRWSV. 4E^ RSVQ, VIKYP (T. 88). 4QRX TQRX EPF
TSV'IPER (T. 151). 4VEHMI ZI^M TEVEHMI. 4XMQE#FSPREZ, WYJIVMRH.
TITIRI TITIRM RIKVM TITIRM VS#MM (T. 21). 4IVGEP TR^ 3R HI
FYQFEG GY 'IWXYVE HIEW. 4IVWSER TIVWSREPMXEXI (TSPMXMG) (T. 135);
TIVWSERIPI GIPI TQRXI#XM TIVWSREPMX'MPI EYXSLXSRI (T. 135). 4IVZE^ VEQ
(HI XEFPSY). 4I#XI VS#Y HSVEHE (7TEVYW EYVEXE).
TMRI WGSMGM (4MPXE RSFMPMW).
TMZ XYR QEVI, TVMQMXMZ, GEVI WI RGVGE TI KYVE 'IZMM; QSVXMIV.
TPGIVI FYR TPGIVI FYR-KYWX (T. 56). 4PYK TPYKYVM
QI#XI#YKEVM'I WTVI Y#YVMR' TPYKYVM QI#XI#YKMXI, TVIZ^YXI GY QIGERMWQI
WTVI RPIWRMVIE EVEXYPYM (T. 139).
TSGMX MR3VQ.
TSJXSVM (E -) E EHYKE.
TSPGSZRMG GSPSRIP, GSQERHERX EP YRIM YRMX'M QMPMXEVI VITVIWMZI, KVEH
GEVI, TI ZVIQIE PYM (MRMGY +SPIWGY, WI ZMRHIE WYF GYZRX HI MVEXYVM (ZI^M
WYTVE), HI GXVI WTXEV (ZI^M MRJVE) (T. 77, 78, 80, 82).
TSPIMX WXVPYGMXSV (T. 39); EYVMX (T. 41). 4SPMXIJWMX TSPMXMGSW, GYZMMRGMSW.
TSPMXMG TSPMXMGE GIE QYPX #M QMRGMRSEW TSPMXI'I TVSXSGSPEV,
EJIGXEX (T. 20); ZI^M #M HMTPSQEXMG.
TSPMXMGIWG, GEWG GMZMP (T. 25, 33); SGVQYMXSVM TSPMXMGIWG GSRHYGXSV EP
EHQMRMWXVE'MIM GMZMPI (T. 25).
TSPMXMGSW JYRG'MSREV R EHQMRMWXVE'ME GMZMP E YRYM SVE# (T. 0FZN.
TSPM'MI EHQMRMWXVE'ME GMZMPE (E YRYM SVE#) (T. 41, 42, 116); TSPM'ME
YRMZIVWMXEXI* (TVSFEFMP) HMIXE TVSZMRGMEP; EHQMRMWXVE'ME GMZMP WYTVIQ E YRIM
VIKMYRM (T. 18). 4SRX SVHSRER', MRWXVYG'MYRI, VIKYPEQIRX (T. 7') TSTSV
TSTYPE'MI PSGYMRH R EGIPE#M GEVXMIV (T. 41). 4SVXEV (R SVRHYMVIE JIYHEP HMR
&EVE 6SQRIEWG) WPYNFE# GY EXVMFY'MM HI WIGVIXEV (T. 86).
TSWPYNRMG (R SVRHYMVIE JIYHEP HMR &EVE 6SQRIEWG) WPYNMXSV FSMIVIWG
WEY QRWXMVIWG WGYXMX HI TPEXE MQTS^MXIPSV.
TS#X PSG (PSGEPMXEXI) HI TSTEW, LER TI TEVGYMWYP YRYM HVYQ, YRHI
GPXSVMM KWIEY GEM #M ZILMGYPI HI WGLMQF: WYTXTSPM'MI-TS#X TS#X
SV#IRIEWG (T. 43). 4SXVMZMVI IGLMXEXI; EVQSRMI (T. 89).
TVEZMPME# NYVMWX.
TVZMPRMGMX PIKMYMX, PIKMJIVEX.
TVSGSTWMX RZ'EX, HSGX.
TVSWX HI VRH; WVEG, QM/.IV (T. 22).
TVIJEGI (E WI b) E VITEVE (T. 108).
TVIWGVMI (E bb) E TVIPYGVE, E EHETXE (T. 85).
VFSN E PYE TI VFSN E GYQTVE TI HEXSVMI; E XVEM TI VFSN E XVM HMR
QTVYQYXYVM. 6WTYRHI (E -) E TPPM (T. 35, 92). 6M#GE LVM#G.
VSQER GEZEPIV EP 7JRXYPYM MQTIVMY VSQER HI RE'MYRI KIVQER,
RXIQIMEX R 962 HI 3XXS - (T. 38, 67) VSQERIWG, IEWG PMQFE//
VSQERIEWG PMQFE PEXMR QIHMIZEP (T. 24); LEMRI VSQERI#XM (T. 37),
LEMRI HI LIV GE GIPI ZIGLM VSQERI#XM (T. 161), LEMRI HI LIV VSQERI#XM (T.
163) EVQYVM QIHMIZEPI TYVXEXI HI GEZEPIVMM 7JRXYPYM MQTIVMY VSQER HI
RE'MYRI KIVQER; EY FMVYMX RYQEM GY RYQIPI VSQERIWG (T. 90) E FMVYMX
RYQEM GY JEMQE HI VSQER.
VYQR 'VER HITIRHIRX HI WXTRYP JIYHEP (T. 36).
WEQI# (R SVRHYMVIE JIYHEP HMR &EVE 6SQRIEWG) JYRG'MSREV
EHQMRMWXVEXMZ RWVGMREX GY WXVRKIVIE WEQIM*, HEVI R FERM XVMQIWXVMEP GEVI
RKPSFE XSEXI SFPMKE'MMPI 3RERGMEVI EPI FMVYPYM.
WEQI#MI JYRG'ME WEQI#YPYM.
WEQYV QEQMJIV GEVRMZSV, HMR JEQMPME QYWXIPMHIPSV (RIZWXYMGE, ZMI^YVIPI,
ZMHVE IXG.), GY FPERE WYV, JSEVXI ETVIGMEX. 7TEX WTEXYP TMIXVIPSV
WGYPTXYVE (T. 147). 7GEYR GETMXEP, SVE# VI^MHIR'MEP.
QS WGTXEX WVGMX. 7GTXGMYRI WVGMX. 7GLIP XVK, TME' HI
QVJYVM. 7GSVFYV KVSX, TI#XIV.
WGSVY# JVYGX GSQIWXMFMP EP WGSVY#YPYM EVFSVE JVYGXMJIV HMR JEQMPME
VS^EGIIPSV (7SVFYW HSQIWXMGE).
WGSW SVREQIRX EVLMXIGXYVEP R VIPMIJ TI WYTVEJE'E YRIM GSRWXVYG'MM.
WGYP KMYZEIV, FMNYXIVMI.
WGYXIPRMG (R SVRHYMVIE JIYHEP HMR &EVE 6SQRIEWG) 'VER WGYXMX HI
TPEXE FMVYPYM HSQRIWG, 3MRHG WI EJ. % R WIVZMGMY! HSQRMXSVYPYM WEY EP YRYM
QEVI FSMIV. 7MQ'MXSV MQTVIWMSRERX. 7MRIX EGX, HSGYQIRX, LVMWSZ. 7MVMQER
SVJER.
WMWXIQ WMWXIQ RIKY'IXSVIEWG* GEXIKSVME WSGMEP E RIKYWXSVMPSV,
XEKQE RIKYWXSVMPSV; WMWXIQI HI SEQIRM GEXIKSVMM WSGMEPI.
WMVQER ZI^M WMVMQER. 7PSFSH RITVSXSGSPEV (20, 122). 7PSFS^IRMI
TIVQMWMYRI. 7PYXMX VRMX, MR3VQ (T. 25, 128). 7QMRXM (E b) E ZXQE, E VRM (T.
68). 7TXEV (R SVRHYMVIE JIYHEP HMR &EVE 6SQRIEWG) REPX HIQRMXEV EP
GYV'MM HSQRI#XM, GEVI R ZVIQYVMPI ZIGLM EZIE WEVGMRE HI E TYVXE WTEXE #M
FY^HYKERYP ZSMIZSHYPYM, MEV QEM XV^MY, R WIG.19, RHITPMRIE WPYNFE HI #IJ EP
EVQEXIM #M EP TSPM'MIM.
WTXVMI (R SVRHYMVIE JIYHEP HMR &EVE VSQRIEWG) HIRYQMVIE
VERKYPYM HI WTXEV #M E MRWXMXY'MIM GSRHYW HI EGIWXE.
WXEGSN LSQEV, GVYWXEGIY HI QEVI, GSQIWXMFMP (,SQEVYW ZYPKEVMM).
WXRNIR ZIGLI YRMXEXI HI PYRKMQI, ZEVMMRH RXVI -, 96 R #M 2,23 R.
WXRNMR ZI^M WXRNIR.
WXVRWSEVI WXVRWSEVI HI EVQI QY^IY QMPMXEV (T. 19); WXVRWSERI
HI GEHVI GSPIG'MI HI XEFPSYVM, TMREGSXIG (T. 18); WXVRWSEVI HI QYP'MQI #M
JIPMYVMQM QSRIHI GSPIG'MI RYQMWQEXMG (T. 40).
#PEV ZI^M #IPEV #GSEP #GSEP E QYPXSVE QI#XI#YKYVM #GSEP
TSPMXILRMG (T. 41); #GSEP HI RZ'XYV R TEVXI #GSEP TEVXMGYPEV (T. 148);
#GSEP YRHI W RZE' GYQ W W XQHYME. - FSEPIPI ZMXIPSV #GSEP HI
QIHMGMR ZIXIVMREV (T. 49); #GSEP YRHI RZE' MYFMVIE HI
SQIRMVI (TVSFEFMP) MRWXMXYX HI WXYHMM YQERMSEVI (T. 48).
#IHIVI #HIVM EWGYRWG FSWGLIXI.
#IPEV QIWIVME# GEVI GSRJIG'MSRE #M ZMRHIE #IM #M EPXI SFMIGXI
(I LEVRE EQIRX.
#XVIRKEV QIWIVME# GEVI GSRJIG'MSRE JVRKLMM #M #XVIERKYVM.
XEVWERE #ERXMIV REZEP.
XIQIM WSGPY (T. 37).
XMGPSW WVQER, RIRSVSGMX (T. 53, 70).
XMGPS#MI HIGHIVI QSVEP (T. 34).
XVIXM (R SVRHYMVIE JIYHEP HMR &EVE 6SQRIEWG) HIQRMMEV HI VERKYP EP
MVIMPIE.
XVYT XVYT XIEXVEP, GSQTERMI HVEQEXMG (T. 111). 8YM MRWMKR QMPMXEV
SXSQER, EPGXYMX HMR YRE, HSY WEY XVIM GS^M HI GEP, EXVREXI R ZVJYP YRIM
PRGM GY WIQMPYR, GY GEVI WYPXERYP HYXMRKIE TI REP'MM HIQRMXEVM EM -QTIVMYPYM
#M TI TVMRGMTMM WXVMRM ZEWEPM.
XYXYRVMX (R SVRHYMVIE JIYHEP HMR &EVE 6SQRIEWG) MQTS^MX TPXMX
HSQRMIM HI GXVI GYPXMZEXSVMM HI XYXYR.
'MHYP GLMXER'.
YPM'M YPM' WPSFSH HI TMGMSV XVSXYEV (T. 104). 9QMPMR' W3EP, FYR-
GYZMMR' (T. 94).
YQTPYX HSFMXSEGI JVYQSW YQTPYXI ERMQEPI JVYQSW QTMEXI (T. 24).
9#YVEVI RE#XIVI.
ZEVQIHMI TVIJIGXYV; NYHI', QTV'MVI EHQMRMWXVEXMZ. :XE# HI TPEM (R
SVRHYMVIE JIYHEP E &VMM 6SQRI#XM) GSQERHERX EP TPMI#MPSV, TE^RMGMM YRYM
TPEM (HMZM^MYRI EHQMRMWXVEXMZ E YRYM NYHI' HI QYRXI).
ZMRVMGM (R SVRHYMVIE JIYHEP HMR &EVE 6SQRIEWG) HMNQ R ZMR,
VITVI^IRXRH E ^IGIE TEVXI HMR VIGSPXE ERYEP, TI GEVI TVSHYGXSVYP XVIFYME
W S HIE HSQRMIM.
ZMWXMIV (R SVRHYMVIE JIYHEP HMR &EVE 6SQRIEWG) REPX HIQRMXEV GEVI
EHQMRMWXVE XI^EYVYP 'VMM #M RGEWEVIE MQTS^MXIPSV.
ZSVRMG (R SVRHYMVIE JIYHEP HMR &EVE 6SQRIEWG) HIQRMXEV EP GYV'MM
HSQRI#XM, EZRH JYRG'ME HI REPX NYHIGXSV.
ZSVRMGIP (R SVRHYMVIE JIYHEP HMR &EVE 6SQRIEWG) WPYNFE# GY
EXVMFY'MM NYHIGXSVI#XM PE RMZIPYP MWTVZRMGMIM. <M3M TI#XM-WTEH (<MTMEW KEHYW).
^ELIVIE HIRYQMVI KIRIVEP E TVSZM^MMPSV (JMR, YRX, QMIVI IXG.) ^ETGMPG
(R SVRHYMVIE JIYHEP HMR &EVE 6SQRIEWGE) JYRG'ME ^ETGMYPYM.
^ETIMY (R SVRHYMVIE JIYHEP HMR &EVE 6SQRIEWG) WPYNFE#
MWTVZRMGIWG, RWVGMREX GY WXVRKIVIE MQTS^MXIPSV HMRXV-S TPEW WYFHMZM^MYRI
EHQMRMWXVEXMZ E YRYM NYHI'. >YKVEZ TMGXSV.
+. 4-)2)7'9
-2(-') () 291) +)3+6%*-')35
%
%EV (V.), ZI^M %EVI
%EV EY (PSG): 172
%EVFIVK (PSG): 171
%EVI (V.): 161, 171. 172, 173
%EVKEY (I.): 160
%FSR] (PSG.): 22
%FWFYVK (PSG.), ZI^M ,EFWFYVK
%GW (PSG.): 29
%HE (V.); ZI^M %HHE
%HHE (V.): 115
%HIPWFIVK (PSG.), ZI^M 4SWXSNRE %HIP^FIVK (PSG), ZI^M %HIPWFIVK %HMKI (V.):
114 %HVMEXMG (1EVIE -): 97
%IPMKLIGVEM' ,IMPMKIOVIY^ ' (PSG.): 177
%KLIQFYVK (PSG.), ZI^M %PXIQFYVK
%KVEY (PSG.), ZI^M %EVEY
%MQFYVK (PSG.), ZI^M PPEMQFYVK
%MRXMVIR (PSG.), ZI^M )MRXYVRIR
%MXVEGL (PSG.): 178
%MYH (PSG.) 19
%PFE -YPME (PSG.): 19
%PI#H (PSG.): 21
%PQE#Y (PSG.): 21
%PTEV (PSG.), ZI^M %PTV
%PTV (PSG.): 123
%PTM (R.): 153
%PWXIXIR (PSG.), ZI^M %PXWXIXXIR
%PXEYWIR (PSG.), ZI^M %PXLEYWIR
%PXHSVJ (PSG.): 178
%PXIQFYVK (PSG.), ZI^M 1EK]EVSZV
%PXIRXMRK (PSG.), ZI^M %PXSXXMRK
%PXLEYWIR (PSG.): 176
%PXSXXMRK (PSG.): 138
%PXWXIXXIR (PSG.): 159
%QFSR (PSG.), ZI^M %FSR]
%QIVMGE: 51, 170
%Q3RK (PSG.), ZI^M %QT3RK
%QQIVWII (-.): 149
%QQIV^II (-.), ZI^M %QQIVWII
%QT3RK (PSG.): 138
%QWXIXXIR (PSG.): 135
%Q#XIXIR (PSG.), ZI^M %QWXIXXIR
%REHSP (VIK.), ZI^M %REXSPME
%REX SP ME (VIK.): 51
%RHVWL^E (PSG.), ZI^M 6HEME
%RHVE#-LE^E (PSG.), ZI^M %RHVWL^E
%RKPME: 170
%RXVEL (PSG.), ZI^M %MXVEGL
%VEH (VIK.): 122 %VEH (PSG.): 122, 123, 126 %VFIVK (PSG.), ZI^M %EVFIVK
%VHIEP (VIK.), ZI^M 8VERWMPZERME %VKEY (I.), ZI^M % EVKEY %VREGL (PSG.): 178
%VREL (PSG.), ZI^M %VREGL %VS#LE^E (PSG.), ZI^M 3VSWL^E %WGLEGL (PSG.): 152
%Y-+EVXIR (T.): 70
%YWXVME: 21, 24, 31, 33, 38, 60, 69, 74, 101, 110, 115, 119, 128, 129,
136, 151, 170 %YWXVMME, ZI^M %YWXVME %ZERK I (PSG.), ZI^M %ZIRIFI %ZIRGLI
(PSG.): 165 %ZVMG (PSG.), ZI^M %ZVMK %ZVMK (PSG.): 16
&
&EHIR (HYG.): 152, 153, 171. 173, 176, 177, 178
&EHIR (PSG. R %YWXVME): 73, 74, 75
&EHIR (PSG. R )PZI'ME): 160, 173
&EKHEH (PSG.): 151
&EKHEX (PSG.), ZI^M &EKHEH
&EMIRJYVX (PSG.): 178
&EMIVFEL (PSG.), ZI^M 4IYIVFEGL
&EMIVW (PSG.), ZI^M &EMIV^
&EMIV^ (PSG.): 178
&EPIR'M (PSG.), ZI^M :IPIRI^I
&EREFMG (PSG.); 19
&EREX (VIK.): 122, 124, 125, 126, &ERIJYVX (PSG.), ZI^M &EMIRJYVX &ERKLIM
(PSG.), ZI^M/ERKIR
&ERNWOE &MWXVMGE (PSG.): 96 &ERYEFMG (PSG.), ZI^M &R]EFYOO &R]EFYOO
(PSG.), ZI^M &EREFMG &EVEH (PSG.), ZI^M &EVRH &EVRH (PSG.): 22 &EVSX (PSG), ZI^M
2K]FVSH &EXERM (PSG.), ZI^M &EXXSR]E &EXXSR]E (PSG.): 123
&EZEVME (HYG.): 136, 139, 142, 144, 149, 152, 164, 170, 177, 178
&KEVE (PSG.): 21
&REX (VIK.), ZI^M &EREX
&IGGLIVIG (PSG.), ZI^M &IGMGLIVIGY 1MG
&IGMGLIVIGY 1MG (PSG.): 125
&IGMYP (PSG.), ZI^M &IGW
&IGW (PSG.), ZI^M :MIRE
&IKE (V.): 124
&IPKVEH (PSG.): 119
&IPMKVEH (PSG.), ZI^M %PFE -YPME
&IPMKVEH (PSG.), ZI^M &IPKVEH
&IPZIHIVI (T.): 61, 69, 144
&IVIXX]XMMJEPY (PSG.): 22
&IVKEXVIYXI (PSG.): 178
&IVR (I.), ZI^M &IVRE
&IVR (PSG.), ZI^M &IVRE
&IVRE (I.): 153, 160, 165, 171
&IVRE (PSG.): 156, 160, 161, 163, 165, 167
&IVXVEMXI (PSG.), ZI^M &IVKEXVIYXI
&IX^REY (PSG.): 152
&I^REY (PSG.), ZI^M &IX^REY
&MFIVI (PSG.), ZI^M &MFIVR
&MFIVR (PSG.): 165
&MSVIR (PSG.), ZI^M &YVIR ER %EVI
&MWIRK; LIR (PSG.), ZI^M &MPWMRKIR
&MVWE (V.): 15 &VWE (VIK.): 13, 15 &SHIR (-.), ZI^M &SHIRWII &SHIRWII
(-.): 149, 152, 176 &SKEVX (PSG.), ZI^M &SKVXIPOI &SKVXIPOI (PSG.) &KEVE
&SPSKRE (PSG.): 142 &SPSRME (PSG.), ZI^M &SPSKRE &SVSH (PSG.): 21 &S#YV (PSG.),
ZI^M &S^WYV &S^WYV (PSG.), ZI^M &YNSV &VEHY (PSG.): 16
&VE#SZ (PSG.): 6, 13, 15, 20, 84, 87, 122, 126, 128, 134, 159, 170
&VEXMWPEZE (PSG.): 30, 33, 61, 72 &VIWGME (PSG.): 114 &VIW'MME (PSG.), ZI^M &VIWGME
&VSMI (V.), ZI^M &VS]I &VS]I (V.): 165 &VYG (PSG.), ZI^M &VYKK &VYGL (PSG.), ZI^M
&VYGO ER HIV 1YV &VYGO ER HIV 1YV (PSG.): 95 &VYKK (PSG.): 173 &YGLPSI (PSG.):
149, 178 &YGYVI#XM (PSG.): 111, 112 &YHE (PSG.), ZI^M &YHETIWXE
&YHETIWXE (PSG.): 22, 23, 25, 27, 28, 55, 119, 122, 123, 126, 134, 160,
170 &YLPSI (PSG.), ZI^M &YGLPSI &YNSV (PSG.), ZI^M 8VEMER :YME &YVGLIVWHSVJ
(PSG.), ZI^M 4YVOIVWHSVJ &YVIR ER %EVI (PSG.): 171 &YV'EL (PSG.), ZI^M ;YV^EGL
&YWMRKIR (PSG.): 176 I
'EMWIVWXYP (PSG.), ZI^M /EMWIVWXYLP 'EPILFIVK (PSG.), ZI^M /EPXIRLIVFIVK
'EPIQFIVK (PSG.), ZI^M /ELPIQFIVK 'EP'HSVJ (PSG.), ZI^M /EPWHSVJ 'ERM^E (PSG.),
ZI^M /ERNMME 'EVERWIFI# (PSG.): 126 'EVMWFYVK (PSG.), ZI^M /EVMWFYVK 'EV'SK
(PSG.), ZI^M /EVGEK 'EWXIPRYSZS (PSG.): 114 'EYXFIVIR (PSG.), ZI^M /EYJFIYVIR
'IKPIH (PSG.): 22, 123 'IPNI (PSG.): 96 'IVRI' (PSG.), ZI^M 'IVRI'M 'IVRI'M (PSG.):
80 'LIGGLIQIX (PSG.), ZI^M /IGWOIMRIX 'LIQIPFEL (PSG.), ZI^M /IQQIPFEGL
'LIQIRI (PSG.), ZI^M +YQQIRIR 'LIQTXIR (PSG.), ZI^M/I QTXIR 'LIVIXM
(PSG.), ZI^M 1I^SOIVIW^XIW 'LMRE: 9, 63, 114 'LMSVMS# (V.), ZI^M /SVSW 'LMTVY
(MRW.), ZI^M 'MTVY 'LMVLHSVJ (PSG.), ZI^M /MVGLHSV 'LMWTIXVM (PSG.), ZI^M /MWTIXVM
'LMWYMWEP (PSG.), ZI^M /MWYNW^PPW 'LM#XIPIG (PSG.), ZI^M /MWXIPIO 'LMXXIW (PSG.),
ZI^M /MXXWII 'LMX'IXY (PSG.), ZI^M 'LM^XY 'LM^XY (PSG.): 124 'MFMR (V.): 18
'MPMM (PSG.), ZI^M 'IPNI 'MSRKVEH (PSG.), ZI^M 'WSRKVH 'MTVY (MRW.): 155
'MRIRM (PSG.): 18 'PEWM (T.): 41, 57
'PEY^IQFYVK (PSG.), ZI^M /PEYWIQFYVK
'PYN (PSG.): 13, 19, 20, 21, 123, 126, 160
'SQPSW (PSG.), ZI^M 'SQPS#Y 1EVI
'SQPS#Y 1EVI (PSG.): 125
'SRWXER' (PSG.), ZI^M /SRWXER^
'STIX (PSG.) ZI^M 'STTIX
'STPIRH (PSG.), ZI^M /SFPIR^
'STTIX (PSG.): 166
'SVRIE (PSG.): 126
'SVRMME (PSG.), ZI^M 'SVRIE
'SWSZE (PSG.), ZI^M 'S#SZE
'S#SZE (PSG.): 124
'VEMSZE (PSG.): 23, 55, 80, 'VEWRE (VIK.): 124
'VIQSRE (PSG.): 120
'VIXE (MRW.): 105
'VI^FSV (PSG.), ZI^M /VI: WFVSRR
'VMIRGEPK (PSG.), ZI^M /VMIKPEGF
'VM# (V.): 22
'VM#Y (V.), ZI^M 'VM#
'VMXM (MRW.), ZI^M 'VIXE
'VSR#XEHX (PSG.), ZI^M /VSRWXEHX
'VSR#XEX (PSG.), ZI^M /VSRWXEHX
'VSR#XEX (PSG. R 6YWME) ZI^M /VSRWXEHX
'WSRKVH (PSG.): 123
'YQSVMR (PSG.), Z; ^M /SQHVSQ
(
(EV3RKLIR (PSG.): 176 *(IVQYLMI (PSG.): 172 (IZE (PSG.): 122, 123,
126
(MIXMGSR (PSG.), ZI^M (MIXMOSR (MIXMOSR (PSG.): 160 (QFSZM'E (V.): 119
(SFVE (PSG.): 122, 123, 126 (SQFEGF (PSG.): 71 (SQFEL (PSG.), ZI^M (SQFEGL
(SVSK (PSG.): 28 (VEY (V.), ZI^M (VEZE (VEZE (V.): 96 (VILIVK (PSG.), ZI^M 8VIFIV^
(YPM (PSG.), ZI^M (YPP] (YPP] (PSG.): 166 (YQFVZIRM (PSG.) 128 (YQMXVIRM (PSG.)
128
(YRVIE (V.): 26, 28, 29, 30, 38, 61, 72, 120, 128, 136, 178 )
)FEL (PSG.), ZI^M ,ITFEGL )JIVHMRK (PSG.): 136 )KLMTIX, ZI^M )KMTX )KMTX:
10
)FVIQFEYWIR (PSG.): 96
)MXYVRIR (PSG.): 178
)PIREXEP (PSG.) ZI^M ,IPIRIRXEP
)PIWH (PSG.), ZI^M %PI#H
)PI#XM (PSG.), ZI^M )PIWH
)PMWEFIXFWXEHX (PSG.), ZI^M (YQFVZIRM
)PMWEFIX#XEHX (PSG.), ZI^M )PMWEFIXFWXEHX
)PZI'ME: 134, 149, 152, 153, 154, 157, 159, 161, 163, 170, 171, 173,
177 )RKPMXIVE, ZI^M %RKPME )RRMI' (PSG.), ZI^M ,IRRMI^-PIW-&EMRW
)RW (PSG.), ZI^M )RRW )RW (V.), ZI^M )RRW )RRW (PSG.): 135 )RRW (V.): 135
)R^IWZEMPIV (PSG.), ZI^M )R^MW[IMPIV
)R^MW[IMPIV (PSG.): 152
)VGLEMQ (PSG.), ZI^M )VOFIMQ
)VMWGLMVLIR (PSG.), ZI^M )VMWOMVIF
)VMWOMVIF (PSG.): 153
)VOFIMQ (PSG.): 178
)VPEYJ (V.): 135
)VPEZ (V.), ZI^M )VPEYJ
)VQER#XEH (PSG.), ZI^M ,IVQERWXEHX
)#E (PSG.), ZI^M WGLEGF
)#M (PSG.), ZI^M %GW
)YVSTE: 10, P, 59, 80, 83, 97, 103, 117, 129, 130, 147, 155, )ZVSTE,
ZI^M )YVSTE.
*
*EMWXVM'M (PSG.), ZI^M ;MRHMWGL-*IMWXVMX^ *KVE# (PSG.): 15, 16 *KVE# (V.):
16 *KVE# (VIK.): 16 *KIH (PSG.), ZI^M *KIX *KIX (PSG.): 124 *IGLIXI-XS
(PSG.), ZI^M *IOIXIXS *IOIXIXS (PSG.), ZI^M 2IKVIRM *IPIKE (PSG.), ZI^M
/MWOYVXJIPIK]F^E *IPZMRI^ (PSG.), ZI^M :MR'Y HI WYW *IPZMR' (PSG.), ZI^M *IPZMRI^
*IVQSHSR (V.), ZI^M 8FIVQSHSR )IVXFSJIR (PSG.): 178
*IVXSJIR (PSG.), ZI^M *IVXLSJIR *MWGLEQIRH (PSG.): 33 *MWGLFEGL (PSG.):
153 *M#EQIRH (PSG.), ZI^M *MWGLEQIRH *M#FEL (PSG.), ZI^M *MWGLFEGL *PSVIRXME
(PSG.), ZI^M *PSVIR'E *PSVIR'E (PSG.): P
*SPGLIV'SJIR (PSG.), ZI^M :SPOIVEX^LSNIR
*SP\-+EVXIR (T.), ZI^M :SPOWKEVXIR
*SVWX (PSG.), ZI^M :SKX
*VER' (PSG.), ZI^M :VERWOS
*VER'E M 153, 170, 178
*VER'ME, ZI^M *VER'E
*VEYIRJIPH (PSG.): 154, 155
*VEYIRPSX (PSG.): 178
*VIMFYVK (I.): 165
*VMIHVMGLWLEJIR (PSG.): 153
*VMIHGML#EJIR (PSG.), ZI^M *VMIHVMGLWLEJIR
*YWMRE (PSG.): 108, 109
*Y^MRE (PSG.), ZI^M *YWMRE
+LMQF#PY (V.), ZI^M +LMQFEYVM +LMVI^EY (PSG.), ZI^M +MIVWPEY
+LM^IRZEMPIV (PSG.), ZI^M +MIWWIR[IMPIV +MIVWPEY (PSG.), ZI^M &VEHY
+MIWWIR[IMPIV (PSG.): 152 +PEXX (V.): 158 +SRSFMX^ (PSG.), ZI^M /SRNMGI +SR]MM
(PSG.): 29
+SXREXMRKLIR (PSG.), ZI^M +SXXQEHMRKIR
+SXXQEHMRKIR (PSG.): 176
+VE' (PSG.), ZI^M +VE^
+VE^ (PSG.): 95, 96
*+VMLHSVJ (PSG.): 156
+VSW (V.): 160
+VSWZEVHEMR (PSG.), ZI^M +VSWW[EVHIMR +VSWW[EVHIMR (PSG.), ZI^M 3VEHIE
+YQQIRIR (PSG.): 165 +MMRWIPWHSVJ (PSG.): 94 +YWIRHSVJ (PSG.), ZI^M
+YRWIPWHSVJ +]SV (PSG.): 29
+
+EPE'M (PSG.): 119 +ERSZMGM (PSG.), ZI^M +SRSFMX^ +EVHE (-.): 114 +IIPI (V.),
ZI^M 7MLP +IRIZE (I.): 166, +IRIZE (-.): 165
+IRIZE (PSG.): 153, 156, 165, 166, 167, 170. 171
*+IWQEV (PSG.): 126
+LIRMY (PSG.), ZI^M +SR]Y
+LIVIKSZE (PSG.), ZI^M 8IVIKSZE
+LMQFEZY (V.): 15
,
,EEK (PSG.): 138 ,EEKREY (PSG.), ZI^M ,EKREY ,EFWFYVK (PSG.): 173
,EKREY (PSG.): 153 ,EMQFYVK (PSG.): 33 ,VSQVSW^E (PSG.): 123 ,EVSQVS^E
(PSG.), ZI^M ,VSQVSW^E ,IPIRIRXEP (T.): 73 ,IRRMI^-PIW-&EMRW (PSG.): 165
,ITFEGL (PSG.): 176 ,IVGYPERYQ (PSG.): 141
,IVIRLEY^IR (PSG.), ZI^M )LVIRLEYWIR ,IVQERWXEHX (PSG.), ZI^M 7MFMY
,VWSZE (PSG.), ZI^M ,MV#SZE ,V#SZE (PSG.) 119 ,SLIRPMRHIR (PSG.): 138
,SLIRPMRKLIR (PSG.), ZI^M ,SLIRPMRHIR ,SLWXVEW (PSG.), ZI^M 3XXIZIR] ,SVKSW
(PSG.): 125
-
-FIVPMRKLIR (PSG.), ZI^M 9FIVPMRKIR
-IVRYX (PSG.): 128
-PIVJIPH (PSG.): 178
-PMVME (VIK R &EREX): 124
-PMVME (VIK. R 7PSZIRME #M 'VSE'ME): 96
-PPIV (V.): 149
-QERWXEX (PSG.), ZI^M -QQIRWXEHX
-QQIRWXEHX (PSG.): 153
-QTIVMYP SXSQER: 26
-REVIW (PSG.): 126
-REW (PSG), ZI^M -REVIW
-RHME: 9, 68
-RHMME, ZI^M -RHME
-RMRK (PSG.), ZI^M -RRMRK
-RR (V.): 136, 138
-RRMRK (PSG.): 149
-VEHME (PSG.), ZI^M ,IVGYPERYQ
-WPMGSR (PSG.), ZI^M -WPMOSR
-WPMOSR (PSG.): 155
-WRM (PSG.), ZI^M -WR]
-WR] (PSG.): 149
-WTEQE, ZI^M 7TEVYH -WXEQFYP (PSG.): 111
-XEPME: 103, 108, 109, 110, 114, 119, 120, 121, 122, 142, 166
/
/ELPIQFIVK (PSG.): 72 /EMWIVWXLYP (PSG.): 173 /EPWHSVJ (PSG.): 96
/EPXIRLIVFIVK (PSG.): 160 /ERNMPE (SSG.): 125 /EVGEK (PSG.): 22 /EVMWFYVK (PSG.),
ZI^M %PFE -YPME /EYJIFIYVIR (PSG.): 149 /IGWOIQIX (PSG.): 126 /IQQIPFEGL
(PSG.): 135 /IQTXIR (PSG.): 149 /MTTIQFEYWIR (PSG.): 153 /MVGLHSVJ (PSG.): 178
/MWOYRJIPIK]L^E (PSG.): 126 /MWTIXVM (PSG.), ZI^M 4IXVMRHY 1MG /MWXIPIO (PSG.):
126 /MWYNW^PPW (PSG.): 22 /MXXWIG (PSG.), ZI^M /STIWIR] /PEYWIQFYVK (PSG.),
ZI^M 'PYN /SFPIR^ (PSG.): 173 /SQVSQ (PSG.): 29 /SRNMGI (PSG.): 96 /SRWXER^
(PSG.): 152, 153, 154 /STIWIR] (PSG.): 30 /SVSW (V.), ZI^M 'VM# /VIWWFVYRR (PSG.):
152
/VMIKPEGL (PSG.): 94 /VSRWXEHX (PSG.), ZI^M &VE#SZ /VSRWXEHX (PSG. R
6YWME): 159
0
0EHMW (V.), ZI^M %HMKI 0EM (V.), ZI^M 0NYFMNERMGE 0EMFEGL (PSG.), ZI^M
0NYFMNERE 0EMFEF (PSG.), ZI^M 0EMFEGL 0EMYW (PSG.), ZI^M 0ENSWQM^WI 0ENSWQM^WI
(PSG.): 126 0ERHFIVK (PSG.), ZI^M 0ERHWFIVK 0ERHWFIVK (PSG.): 149 0EYWERRI
(PSG.): 156, 165, 166 0E\IQFYVK (PSG.): 69 0IEL (V.), ZI^M 0IGL 0IFVMRK (PSG.):
96 0IGL (V.): 149 0IMT^MK (PSG.): 26, 172, 0IQER (-.), ZI^M 0IQER
0IQER (-.): 165
0IQFVML (PSG.), ZI^M 0IFVMRK
0IRHSVJ (PSG): 138
0IR^FYVK (PSG.): 160
0ISTSPHFIVK (PSG.), ZI^M 0ISTSPHWFIV
0ISTSPHWFIVK (PSG.): 72
0ITERXS (WXVQXSEVI): 107
0I#MRMG (PSG.) ZI^M 0I#RMG
0IJRMG (PSG.): 122
0MQEX (V.), ZI^M 0MQQEX
0MQQEX (V.): 158, 160, 173
0MRHEY (PSG.): 149, 152
0MR' (PSG.), ZI^M 0MR^
0MR'FYVK (PSG.), ZI^M 0IR^FYVK 0MR^ (PSG.): 135, 136 0MTWME (PSG.), ZI^M
0IMT^MK 0NYFMNERE (PSG.): 96 0NYFMNERMGE (V.): 96 0SPMGE (PSG.): 97 0SMXWGL (PSG.),
ZI^M 0SPMGE 0SM#XI (PSG.), ZI^M 0SMXWGL 0SQFEVHME (VIK.): 119
0SQFEVHS-:IRI'ME (VIK.): 109, 110, 114, 115, 119, 0SWERE (PSG.), ZI^M
0EYWERRI
0S^ERE (PSG.), ZI^M 0EYWERRI
0YGIRW (PSG.): 165
0YKSN (PSG.): 124, 126
0YKS# (PSG.), ZI^M 0YKSN
0YWIR' (PSG.), ZI^M 0YGIRW
1
1EK]EVSZV (PSG.): 30 1EPGLMRK (PSG.): 138 1EPIXPI (PSG.), ZI^M 1EVOXP
1EPLMRK (PSG.), ZI^M 1EPGLMRK 1ERXYE (PSG.): 120 1ER'IP (PSG.), ZI^M 1ER^IPP
1ER^IPP (PSG.): 153 1EVFYVK (PSG.), ZI^M 1EVMFSV 1EVHSVJ (PSG.), ZI^M 1EVOHSVJ
1EVIE %HVMEXMG: 97 1EVMFSV (PSG.): 96 1EVOHSVJ (PSG.): 176 1EVOXP (PSG.): 138
1EVS# (V.), ZI^M 1YVI#
1EVS#ZE#EVLIPMY (PSG.), ZI^M 1EVSWZWVLIP]
1EVSWZWVLIP] (PSG.), ZI^M 8VKY-1YVI# 1EVXSRJEPZE (PSG.), ZI^M
1VXSRJEPZE 1VXSRJEPZE (PSG.), ZI^M 1EXIME# 1EV'WGEPK (PSG.), ZI^M
1MMV^^YWGLPEK 1EXIME# (PSG.): 128 1V'SZ (PSG.), ZI^M 1YV^LSJIR 1IHME# (PSG.):
16, 129 1IHMME# (PSG.), ZI^M 1IHME# 1IHMSPERYQ (PSG.), ZI^M 1MPERS 1IIVWFYVK
(PSG.): 153, 176 1ILEHME (PSG.) 125. 126, 127, 160 1IPMRKLIR (PSG.), ZI^M
1IPPMRKIR 1IPPMRKIR (PSG.): 160 1IPO (PSG.): 135 1IQQMRKIR (PSG.): 178
1IRMTKLIR (PSG.), ZI^M 1IQQMRKIR 1IVFYVK (PSG.), ZI^M 1IIVWFYVK 1IVI (PSG.),
ZI^M 1IPO 1IV'FYVK (PSG.), ZI^M 1IIVWFYVK 1I^S-,IKLI# (PSG.), ZI^M
1I^SLI^]IW 1I^SLIK]IW (PSG.): 123 1I^SOIW^XIW (PSG.): 22 1I^S-8IPIG (PSG.),
ZI^M 1I^SXIPIKH 1I^SXIPIKH (PSG.), ZI^M 8MPIEKH 1MGPS#SEVE (PSG.) 128
1MGPS#ZEV (PSG.), ZI^M 1MOPSWZV 1MIVGYVIE (7MFMYPYM) (PSG.): 18 1MOPSWZV (PSG.),
ZI^M 1MGPS#SEVE 1MPER (PSG.), ZI^M 1MPERS
1MPERS (PSG.): 37, 114, 115, 117, 118, 119, 141 1MPERY (PSG.) ZI^M 1MPERS
1MPHSVJ (PSG.), ZI^M 1YLMHSVN 1MPIQFEL (PSG.), ZI^M 1YLMFEGL 1MPMXEVKVIR^I
(VIK.): 124, 126 1MRHIPLEMQ (PSG.), ZI^M 1MRHIPLIMQ
1MRHIPLIMQ (PSG.): 178 1MRLIR (PSG.), ZI^M 1XMRGLIR 1SGVMR (PSG.), ZI^M
1SOVMR 1SOVMR (PSG.): 125 1SPHEZME (VIK.), ZI^M 1SPHSZE 1SPHSZE (VIK.): 21,
26, 120 1SVEX (-.): 165 1SVEX (PSG.): 165, 171 1SVIIE (VIK.), ZI^M 4IPSTSRIW
1SVKIW (PSG.): 166 1SVKLIW (PSG.), ZI^M 1SVKIW 1SWSR (PSG.): 29 1SYHSR (PSG.):
165 1YHSR (PSG.), ZI^M 1SYHSR 1YLMFEGL (PSG.), ZI^M 7IFI# %PFE 1YLMHSVJ
(PSG.): 138
1MMRGLIR (PSG.): 134, 138, 139, 145, 149, 178
1YV (V.): 95
1YV# (V.), ZI^M 1YVI#
1YVI# (V.): 19, 122, 123, 128
1YVI#-:E#EVLIM (PSG.), ZI^M 1EVSWZWVLIP]
1YV^LSJIR (PSG.): 94
1YV^^YWGLPEK (PSG.): 94
2
2EIWXEHX (PSG.), ZI^M ;MIRIV 2IYWXEHX 2EIWXIXIR (PSG.), ZI^M 2IYLEYWIR
2EJTEGXY (WXVQXSEVI), ZI^M 0ITERXS 2EK]FVSH (PSG.), ZI^M &SVSH 2EK]IR]IH
(PSG.), ZI^M %MYH 2EMGLMVLIR (PSG.), ZI^M 2IYROMVGLIR 2EMHSVJ (PSG. R %YWXVME),
ZI^M 2IYHSVJ 2EMHSVJ (PSG. R 9RKEVME), ZI^M 2]IVKIWYJEPY
2EXIRIX (PSG.), ZI^M 2EK]IR]IH 2E\SW (MRW.): 142 2E\Y (MRW.), ZI^M 2E\SW
2IKVIRM (PSG.): 21 2IR'MKLIR (PSG.), ZI^M 2IY^MRKIR 2IY^MRKIR (PSG.): 176
2IVQIPM (PSG.), ZI^M 2IW^QIP] 2IW^QIP] (PSG.): 29 2IYHSVJ (PSG.): 94
2IYLEYWIR (PSG.): 173 2IYROMVGLIR (PSG.): 94 2MGSTSP (PSG.): 119 2MGSTSPM
(PSG.), ZI^M 2MGSTSP 2MIHIV-; ILMRKIR (PSG.): 173 2MIVI# (PSG.), ZI^M 2]VIW
2MQJIQFYVK (T.), ZI^M 2]QTLIQFYVK 2MSR (PSG.), ZI^M 2]SR 2MVI# (PSG.), ZI^M
2]MVIW 2SPPIQFEGL (PSG.): 152 2SPPIQFEVG (PSG.), ZI^M 2SPPIQFEGL
2]IVKIWYNJEPY (PSG.): 28, 29 2]QTLIQFYVK (T.): 145, 165 2]MVIW (PSG.), ZI^M
%PQE#Y 2]GR (PSG.): 166
3
3FIVEYIVFEGL (PSG.): 178 3FIVEYIVFEL (PSG.), ZI^M 3FIVEYIVFEGL
3FIVGEQPEL (PSG.), ZI^M 3FIVOEQQPEGL 3FIVHSVJ (PSG.): 153 3FIVKMRKFYVK
(PSG.), ZI^M 3FIVKYR^FYVK 3FIVKYR^FYVK (PSG.): 149 3FIVOEQQPEGL (PSG.) 178
3FIVPEMFEGL (PSG.), ZI^M :VLRMOE 3FIVPEMFEL (PSG.), ZI^M 3FIVPEMFEGL
3FIV'IP (PSG.), ZI^M 3FIV^IPP 3FIV^IPP (PSG.): 178 3GWE (PSG), ZI^M 3GWE 3GWE
(PSG.): 126 3JIR (PSG.): 153 3JIR (PSG.), ZI^M &YHETIWXE 3M#XIE (PSG.) ZI^M
3VM#XMI 3PEHMJEPY (PSG.), ZI^M :PYHIRM 3PX (V.): 16, 17, 96, 176 3PXIR (PSG.): 172
3VEHIE (PSG.): 21, 22, 123 3VEHMME-1EVI (PSG.), ZI^M 3VEHIE 3VJXMI (PSG.): 122
3VGLIRM (PSG.), ZI^M 3VOIR] 5VKEGM (PSG.), ZI^M ,SVKSW 3VOIR] (PSG.): 126
3VSWL^E (PSG.): 123 3V#SZE (PSG.) ZI^M 3V#SZE 3V#SZE (PSG.): 119, 128
3XIVPSL (PSG.): 178 3XXIZIR] (PSG.): 29
3^ZEH (PSG.): 96
4
4EGE (PSG.), ZI^M 4SOETYW^XE 4EHSZE (PSG.): 109, 110, 170 4ETMIVQYLPI
(PSG.): 160 4ETMVQMPI (PSG.), ZI^M 4ETMIVQYLPI
4EVEHEMW+EVXIR (T.): 59 4EVMW (PSG.): 114, 170, 172 4EWHSVJ (PSG.), ZI^M
4EWWHSVJ
4EWWEY (PSG.): 178
4EWWHSVJ (PSG.): 138
4EZME (PSG.): 119
4YPM# (PSG.): 122
4IKEY (PSG.), ZI^M 4IKKEY
4IKKEY (PSG.): 95
4IPSTSRIW (VIK.): 105, 107
4IVWGLPMRK (PSG.): 135
4IV#PMRK (PSG.), ZI^M 4IVWGLPMRK
4I#XE (PSG.), ZI^M &YHETIWXE
4IXIV (PSG.), ZI^M 4YW^XETIXIVM
4IXVMRHY 1MG (PSG.): 21
4IYIVFEGL (PSG.): 136
4JE2IRLSJIR (PSG.): 149
4JEMJIRSJIR (PSG.), ZI^M 4NE2IRLSJIR
4MPI# (PSG.), ZI^M 4MPMW
4MPIX (PSG.), ZI^M 4MPMW
4MPMW (PSG.): 22, 123
4PEQMRE (PSG.), ZI^M 4MERMRE
4MERMRE (PSG.): 97
4S (V.): 120
4SHTIM (PSG.): 96
4SHTIWX (PSG.) ZI^M 4SHTIG
4SOETYW^XE (PSG.): 126
4SNSRY (PSG.), ZI^M 4S^WSR]
4SNYR (PSG.), ZI^M 4S^WSR]
4SQFME (PSG.), ZI^M 4SQTIM
4SQTIM (PSG.): 141
4SWXSNRE (PSG.): 97
4S^WSR] (PSG.), ZI^M &VEXMWPEZE
4VEKLMRW (PSG.), ZI^M 4VEKMRW
4VEKMRW (PSG.): 166
4VEXIV (T.): 60, 115.
4VE[EPH (PSG.): 97 4VIWWFYVK (PSG.), ZI^M &VEXMWPEZE
4VIZEPH (PSG.), ZI^M 4VE[EPH 4VIZIVIKLI (PSG.), ZI^M 4VIZIVIRKI
4VIZIVIRKI (PSG.): 166 4VI^FYVK (PSG.), ZI^M 4VIWWFYVK
4VMR'MTEXYP :EPELMMM (TVMRG.), ZI^M &EVE 6SQRIEWG 4YVOIVWHSVJ (PSG.):
135 4YW^XETIXIVM (PSG.): 126
6
6EEF (PSG.), ZI^M +]SV 6EEF (V.), ZI^M 6FE 6EFE (V.); 29 6EHRE (PSG.):
122
6EHRSX (PSG), ZI^M 6EHRSX
6EHRSX (PSG.), ZI^M PIVRYX
6EKIRHSVJ (PSG.), ZI^M 6ENOE
6EKLIRHSVJ (PSG.), ZI^M 6EKIRHSVJ
6EMWQEVG (PSG.), ZI^M 6IYWWQEVOX
6EMOE (PSG.): 30
6ERHIG (PSG.), ZI^M 6ERHIKK
6ERHIKK (PSG.): 176
6EZIRKFYVK (PSG.), ZI^M 6EZIRWFYVK
6EZIRWFYVK (PSG.): 178
6HEME (PSG.): 21
6IGE# (PSG.): 124
6IKIPWFVYRR (PSG.): 33
6IMYW (V.), ZI^M 6IYWW
6IR (V.), ZI^M 6MR
6IRSI (V.): 166
6ITTMWGL (V.): 160
6IXIP#XEMR (PSG.), ZI^M 6SXIPWXIMR
6IXIQFEL (PSG.), ZI^M 6SXLIQFEGL
6IYWW (V.): 160, 173
6IYWWQEVOX (PSG.), ZI^M 1MIVGYVIE (7MFMYPYM)
6MIHIVR (PSG.): 176
6MIKIP^FYVK (PSG.), ZI^M 6IKIPWFVYRR
6MR (V.): 153, 171, 173, 174, 178
6MRIPHMRKLIR (PSG.): 178
6MTIR (PSG.); ZI^M /MTTIRLEYWIR
6MXIR (V.), ZI^M 6ITTMWGL
6SQE (PSG.): 27, 120, 123, 143
6SR (V.): 166
6S#ME, ZI^M 6YWME
6SWMME, ZI^M 6YWME
6S#EZE (PSG.), ZI^M 3V#SZE
6SXIPWXIMR (PSG.): 95
6SXLIQFEGL (PSG.): 149
6YWME: 27, 159
7
7EERI (V.): 165 7EGSP (PSG.), ZI^M 7EGY 7EGY (PSG.): 126
7EROX-4IXIV (PSG.), ZI^M 7IQTIXIV
7EROX-4SPXIR (PSG.): 135
7ERR (V.), ZI^M 7EZMRNI
7ERX-4IPXIR (PSG.), ZI^M 7EROX-4SPXIR
7ERXTIXIV (PSG.), ZI^M 7EROX-4IXIV
7EW-7IFI# (PSG.), ZI^M 7IFI# %PFE
7EZE (V.): 96, 119
7EZMRNI (V.): 96
7E\IR (VIK.): 128
7E\SRME (VIK.): 40
7GIPI (PSG.), ZI^M 7GIPYP 7MFMYPYM
7GIPYP 7MFMYPYM (PSG.): 18
77ZV#MR (PSG.): 122
7GLE2LEYWIR (I.): 176
7GLE2LEYWIR (PSG.): 176
7GEVHMRK (PSG.): 136, 138
7GLEWWFYVK (PSG.), ZI^M 7MKLM#SEVE
7GLSQFVYRR (T.): 65, 70, 145
7GLSXX[MIR (PSG.): 94
7GL[IGLEX (PSG.): 33
7GSPXZMIR (PSG.), ZI^M 7GLSXX[MIR
7IFI# %PFE (PSG.): 18, 19, 122, 123, 126
7IGPIV (VIK.), ZI^M 7^IOPIV
7IKLIHMR (PSG.), ZI^M 7^IKIH
7IKLIHMR (V.), ZI^M 7^IKIH
7IKLIHMR (VIK.), ZI^M 7^IKIH
7IKLM#SEVE (PSG.), ZI^M 7MKLM#SEVE
7IQTIXIV (PSG.): 96
7IRX-(IQIXIV (PSG.), ZI^M #M 7^IRXHIQIXIV
7IRXI# (PSG.), ZI^M 7^IRXIW
7IVFME (TVMRG.): 124, 128
7IVZME (TVMRG.), ZI^M 7IVFME
7IWWERE (PSG.), ZI^M 7I^ERE
7IWWIRE (PSG.), ZI^M 7IWWERE
7I^ERE (PSG.): 97
73RKLIR (PSG.): 178
7MFIQFMVKLIR (VIK.), ZI^M 7MIFIQFYVKIR
7MFMM (PSG.), ZI^M 7MFMY
7MFMY (PSG.): 13, 16, 17, 18, 20, 112, 122, 123, 126 7MFMY (V.), ZI^M 'MFMR
7MIFIQFYVKIR (VIK.): 13, 17, 19, 20, 21, 128
7MIKLEVXWOMVGLIR (PSG.): 135
7MKEVXWGLMVRIR (PSG.), ZI^M 7MIKLEVXWGLMVGLIR
7MKLEVHMR (PSG.), ZI^M 7MKLEVXMRK
7MKLEVXMRK (PSG.): 136
7MKLM#SEVE (PSG.): 128
7MLP (V.): 159
7MP (PSG.), ZI^M 'MPMM
"MPMWXVE (PSG.); 119
7RKIR (PSG.): 176 7MRKLIR (PSG.), ZI^M 7RKIVM 7PEXMRE (PSG.), ZI^M
7PEXMRE-8MQM# 7PEXMRE-8MQM# (PSG.): 126, 128 7SPRSY (PSG.), ZI^M 7^SPRSO
7SPSXLYVR (I.): 171
7SPSXLYVR (PSG.): 171 7SPSXYV (I.), ZI^M 7SPSXLYVR 7SPSXYV (PSG.), ZI^M
7SPSXLYVR 7SQI# (V.): 21 7SR (V.), ZI^M 7ERR 7SVSGWEV (PSG.), ZI^M 7SVSOWV
7SVSOWV (PSG.): 126 7SZV#MXE (PSG.), ZI^M 77ZV#MR 7TERME: 143
7XEHIP (PSG.): 176
7XIGPMR (PSG.): 178 7XIMWWPMRKIR (PSG.): 176 7XIXIR (PSG.), ZI^M 7XIXXIR
7XIXMKLIR (PSG.), ZI^M 7XIMWWPMRKIR 7XIXXIR (PSG.): 153
7XMVME (VIK.): 94, 95 7XMVMME (VIK.), ZI^M 7XMVME 7XSGEY (PSG.), ZI^M 7XSGOEGL
7XSGOEGL (PSG.): 176 7XVEWFYVK (PSG.) 7XVEWWFYVK 7XVEWWFYVK (PSG.): 178
7XVIQFIVK (PSG.) 7XVIQFIVK 7XVIQFIVK (PSG.): 135 7ZMMXSZ (PSG.): 119 7^IKIH
(PSG.): 126 7^IKIH (V.): 125 7^IKIH (VIK.): 124 7^IOPIV (VIK.): 128
7^IRXHIQIXIV (PSG.), ZI^M (YQMXVIRM 7^IRXIW (PSG.): 123 7^SPRSO (PSG.):
22 #
"EJLEYWIR (I.), ZI^M 7GLE2LEYWIR "EJLEYWIR (PSG.), ZI^M 7GLE2LEYWIR
"EVHMRK (PSG.), ZI^M 7GLEVHMRK "VGEME (PSG.), ZI^M "IVGEME "IQFVYR (T.), ZI^M
7GLSQFVYRR "IIQFVYR (T.), ZI^M 7GSQFVYRR "IVGEME (PSG.); 15 "I^FYVK (PSG.),
ZI^M 7GLIWWFYVK "MWXSZ (PSG.), ZI^M 7ZMWXSZ "ZILEX (PSG.), ZI^M 7GL[IGFEX
8
8EPHSVJ (PSG.): 178 8IMYJ (PSG.): 19 8IQI# (V.), ZI^M 8MQM# 8IQI#ZEV (PSG.),
ZI^M 8IQIWZV 8IQIWZV (PSG.), ZI^M 8MQM#SEVE 8IVIKSZE (PSG.): 126
8IVMQWEQMGPS# (PSG.), ZI^M 8VSOW^IRXQMOPSW
8IWW (PSG.), ZI^M 8SWW
8IWW (V.), ZI^M 8SWW
8IZMY# (PSG.), ZI^M 8SZMW
8IVQSHSR (V.); 143
8LYVKEY (I.): 154, 155
8MPIEKH (PSG.): 21
8MQM# (V.): 124
8MQM#SEVE (PSG.): 124, 134
8MQM#ZEV (PSG.), ZI^M 8IQIWZV
8MVSP (VIK.): 152
8MVW (V.): 138
8MWE (V.): 22, 123, 125
8MYVKEY (I.), ZI^M 8LYVKEY
8MVKY-1YVI# (PSG.): 16, 128
8PEX (V.), ZI^M +PEXG
8SG (PSG.): 122
8SVHE (PSG.), ZI^M 8YVHE
8SVSOW^IRXQMOPSW (PSG.): 22
8SWW (PSG.): 156, 158
86WW (V.): 156
8SZMW (PSG.), ZI^M 8IMY#
8VEMER :YME (PSG.): 124
8VEMWIR (V.): 135
8VERWMPZERME (VIK.): 21, 122, 123, 159, 160
8VEWMR (V.), ZI^M 8VEMWIR
8VEYQ (V.), ZI^M 8VEYR
8VEYR (V.): 135
8VILIV^ (PSG.): 178
8VMIWX (PSG.): 91, 94, 97, 99, 101, 102, 108, 118, 119 8VMI#XM (PSG.), ZI^M
8VMIWX 8YVHE (PSG.): 19
8
&EV* 6SQRIEWG (TVMRG.): 10, 18, 26, 33, 55, 65, 75, 80, 81, 96, 111,
112, 124, 128, 155, 157, 159, 160, 176 &EVE 6YQRIEWG (TVMRG.), ZI^M &EVE
6SQRIEWG &EVE 8YVGIEWG, ZI^M -QTIVMYP SXSQER &EVMKVEH (PSG.), ZI^M
-WXEQFYP &MKPIH (PSG.), ZI^M 'IKPIH
&S'IH QEKL. 'WSLIWH VSQ. &SLI#XM# (PSG.): 124
9
9IVPMRKIR (PSG.): 176 9GIE (PSG.): 16
9MJEPY (PSG.), ZI^M &IVIXX]YMJEPY 9PMY (PSG.), ZI^M 3PPS 3PPS (PSG.): 22, 123
9PY (PSG.), ZI^M 3PPS
9RKEVME: 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 29, 30, 32, 33, 55, 74, 122, 125, 126,
164 9RKIVLEYWIR (PSG.): 178 9RKLIVEYWIR (PSG.), ZI^M 9RKIVLEYWIR 9'E (PSG.),
ZI^M 9GIE
:
:EHM (PSG.), ZI^M :MH] :EMRKEVXIR (PSG.), ZI^M ;IMRKEVXIR :EPELME (TVMRG.),
ZI^M &EVE 6SQRIEWG :EPM^IPII (PSG.), ZI^M ;EPMWIPPIR :EVEHME (PSG.), :VHME
:EYH (I.): 165, 166 :VHME (PSG.): 122 :IPIRI^I (PSG.), ZI^M :IPIRJE :IPIR'E
(PSG.): 21
:IRI'ME (PSG.): 52, 53, 99, 101, 103, 106, 107, 108, 110, 120, :IRI'MME
(PSG.), ZI^M :IRI'ME
:IRRMRK (PSG.), ZI^M 2MIHIV-;IRMRKIR
:IVI#ZEV (PSG.), ZI^M :SVSWZV
:IVKSR (PSG.), ZI^M :IVWSM\
:IVSRE (PSG.): 112
:IVWSM\ (PSG.): 166
:MGIR/. % (PSG.): 110
:MHIVKLIXMKLIR ;MIHIVKSXXRKIR# (PSG.): 178
:MHMR (PSG.): 119 :MH] (PSG.) 166
+. 4-)2)7'9
:MIRE (PSG.): 13, 26, 32, 33, 34, 36, 37, 38, 41, 52, 57, 5860, 65, 67, 71,
72, 74, 75. 91, 94, 103, 108, 111, 115116, 119, 120, 134, 142, 148, 177, 178,
179 :MPHIK (PSG.), ZI^M ;MPHIKK :MRXIRXYV (PSG.), ZI^M ;MRXIVXLYV :MR'YP HI 7YW
(PSG.): 19 :MVXIQFIVK (HYG.), ZI^M ;YVXIQFIVK :MVXIQFIVK (HYG.), ZI^M
;YVXIQFIVK :MWIPFYVK (PSG.), ZI^M ;MIWIPFYVK :MXPMWFE (PSG.), ZI^M ;MIHPMWFEGL
:M'IR'ME (PSG.), ZI^M :MGIR^E :PHIRM (PSG.): 15, 128 :SH (I.), ZI^M :EYH :SKX
(PSG.); 178 :SPOIVEXWLSNIR (PSG.): 178 :SPOWKEVXIR (T.): 59 :SVSWZEV (PSG.): 28
:VERWOS (PSG.): 96 :VLRMOE (PSG.): 97
;
;EPPMWIPPIR (PSG.): 158
;ERKIR (PSG.): 149
;IMRKEVXIR (PSG.): 178
;MIHPMWFEGL (PSG.): 172
;MIRIV-2IYWXEHX (PSG.): 94
;MPHIKK (PSG.): 172, 173
;MRHMWGL-*IMWXVMX^ (PSG.), ZI^M &ERNWOE &MWXVMGE
;MRXIVXLYV (PSG.): 156
;MIWIPFYVK (PSG.), ZI^M 1SWSR
;YVXIQFIVK (HYG.): 152, 153, 171, 176, 177, 178
;YV^EGL (PSG.): 178
>
>EQ (V.), ZI^M 7EYRI >EQ (PSG.): 122 >EQE (PSG.), ZI^M >EQ >MMVMGL (I.):
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HYQRI^IMVMM, SQIRMVIE, JVE'MM RS#XVM, EY
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EGIIE
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GGM (QTVEXYP R.R.) RY EVI XVIFYMR' HI E W QTVINYVE GY ^MHYVM, RMGM GRH
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EHYGRH RGLMRGMYRI RYQEM EGIPYME HI GEVI WI XIQI. 3 RSY WIRXMR'
I\XVEKI HI EMGM QEVIPI PSKSJX, I\IQTPM3GEX ETSM TVMR IZSGEVIE WMXYE'MIM HMR
:EPELME; RSXRH G RIRZ'XYVE #M RNYKYMVIE TVSWXI#XI TVI SQ, JGRHY-P #M
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PMFIVXEXI: "M HI EGIME GY HVITXEXI W YMX EWYTVE 3I#GVYME GY ZVNQ#MI,
WSGSXMRH G TSEXI #M EGIWXE ZE ZIRM ZVIQI W-M JEG ZVIYR VY GGM FMRI R-EY
Z^YX HI PE QMRI WEY G #M EGIPE M ZE GIVI GIZE#, GGM PYM RMQI RY-M H RMQMG,
RMGM QGEV S RZ'XYV, RMGM YR ENYXSV, RMGM S RHVITXEVI R HEXSVMMPI PYM, GM
XVMI#XI GE YR HSFMXSG WPFEXMG. 6ETSVXYVMPI WSGMEPI WYRX ZMGMEXI HMR EGIIE#M
TVMGMR: 'YQ #M GIM GI WYRX SEVI#GI HI QEM REPX XVIETX HIGX TVS#XMM 'IVERM
SFMGMRYMIWG GXVI XVIETXE GIE QEM QEVI W WI EVEXI GY S RIWTYW #M
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QMGM, QGEV HI W-EV RNYQX'M, GGM EXYRGM W-EV QEM GYRSE#XI FYRYP HMR VY,
TVMI XIRYP HMR ZV#QE# #M GYVEXYP HMR TVIJGYX. 'EVI XSEXI EGIWXI TVIJEGIVM W
ZHIWG GRH ZVIYRYP GI IWXI R REPX XVIETX WGEHI HMR TYXIVI-M, 3MRHG EXYRGM
EGIE QMRGMRSEW TPIGGMYRI #M TVIJGYX TVMIXI#YK #M, R WGYVX, PMRKY#MVIE GI W
EVXE GXV GIP QEM QEVI WEY FSKEX, #M RYQEM R ZVIQIE GI EZIE XVIFYMR' HI
EGIPE, W TVIJEGI R VYXEXI, SFVWRMGMI #M RIVIGYRS#XMR'. %GIWXIE XSEXI RY
JEG QVXYVMI HI SQ WPSFSH, PYQMREX #M GMRWXMX, GGM EGIME W TSEVX GY EGIE
3VIEWG WPSFS^IRMI (W.R.), GI QEM WYW EQ GYZRXEX, W EVEX R XSEX ZVIQIE
XSX GY YR QMNPSG GXV - XS'M, GMRWXMRH TI 3I#GEVI TI GX W GYZMRI. 8IEQE HI
TVSTVMYP RSVSH I, HYT +SPIWGY, WIQRYP YRIM WXTRMVM GY XMVERMGIEWG
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&EZEVMIM YQFP TVMR RSVSHYP WY, TVMR SVE#, TVMR; KVHMRM #M PE XIEXVY, RXSGQEM
GE 3I#GEVI SVS#ER, #M QFVGEX GY RMGM YR GLMT HI PY\, GM GY JSEVXI SFM#RYMXI
LEMRI, GE W HIE; FYR TMPH PE GIMEPER'M, QIVKRH R QMNPSGYP RSVSHYPYM TI
NSW, MEV RY R GEVX GY 6 XIPIKEVM, QTVIWYVEX HI RXVEVQE'M.
0E JIP HI EWTVY GYQ IWXI GY RNYKYMVIE WI EVEX +SPIWGY #M JE' HI
RIRZ'XYV; IP HIWGSTIV WXVRWE VIPE'MI HMRXVI PMTWE HI PMFIVXEXI #M
RETSMIVIE WTMVMXYEP, EZRH GLMEV MRXYM'ME G QIR'MRIVIE TSTSVYPYM WY R
MKRSVER' IWXI HIPMFIVEX #M RY! WI HEXSVIE^ HSEV JEGXSVMPSV I\XIVRM,
SXSQERMPSV QEM TVIGMW, GM N #M MRXIVIWYPYM YRSV TQRXIRM. R GSRGIT'ME
EYXSVYPYM -RWIQRVMM TVSKVIWYP WSGMEP IWXI MVIEPM^EFMP JV GYPXYV: GY
RI#XMMR'E ZSQ #M MRXVE R TQRX. "M GSTMMM RS#XVM, RIEZRH HI PE N GMRI W
RZI' #M E W RHVITXE, EWIQIRIE GE RSM ZSV #M YVQE, HI RY #M QEM VY; GGM
RZIHIVEX PYGVY IWXI G RSM EQ VQEW R YVQE XYXYPSV RIEQYVMPSV, R ZVIQI GI
R ERMM GIM ZIGLM EY JSWX RGITIVI HI HI#XITXEVI TVMR QYP'M GEVI EY HYW PE
PYQMR, EP'MM XPQGMRH GV'M, GYQ #M KVQEXMGE, XMTSKVE3E, #GSEPI, WTMN XEPYVM,
GEVI W GSTVMRH PE RXMME# GYZRXEVI. "M R PSG W W RQYP'IEWG GY GYVWYP
ERMPSV, RY RYQEM G RY W-EY RQYP'MX, GM RMGM EGIPIE RY EY WXEX R 3MR'E PSV, #M
QEM ZVXSW GIE WTVI QEM QEVI TEKYF #M VY#MRI IWXI, GGM W-EY #M QTY'MREX,
GYQ #GSEPIPI, GEVI, WYF GYZRX HI QEM FYR TVIJEGIVI, W-EY WXVMGEX R ERMM
XVIGY'M, WTVI E RY W PYQMRE RIEQYP. 4IRXVY GEVI E# 3 TYW GSRHIM EWYTVE
WXVIMRMPSV, HI RY E# #XM G EGIME EY EZYX ENYXSEVI HI PE TQRXIRM (W.R.).
3 QEVI RGVIHIVI R GYZRXYP XMTVMX, R RZ'XYV #M R GYPXYV P WYW'MRI
HI EPXJIP TI 'SRWXERXMR +SPIWGY R RW#M WGVMIVIE RWIQRVMM; WGVMWYP, TIRXVY
IP, IWXI S JSVQ HI EG'MYRI, MHII GEVI RWIEQR S VYTXYV JE' HI
QIRXEPMXEXIE GYVIRX, ERYR'RH MRXVEVIE RXV-S ITSG RSY: GSRHIMPI RY ZSV
QEM 3 YWGEXI, #M EWIQIRIE YVQVM RY ZSV QEM 3 GYRSWGYXI RYQEM HYLSZRMGMPSV
#M WYJIVMXI HI TXMQE#M, GM GSRHIMYP ZE HE R ZIPIEKYP SF#XMM EXX YVQVMPI GIPI
WTVI JSPSWYP RIEQYPYM, GX #M GIPI WTVI TVTHIRME PYM (W.R.). 0E WGYVX ZVIQI
HYT RXSEVGIVIE R 'EV, IP SVKERM^IE^ S 7SGMIXEXI PMXIVEV GI-#M EVI WIHMYP R
QEVIE GEW HI TI 4SHYP 1SKS#SEMIM TI GEVI S GYQTVEWI RG HMR 1812; EMGM
#M GMXI#XI JVEXIPI WY +LISVKLI (-SVHEGLI) KVEQEXMGE TI GEVI S RXSGQMWI, #M
XSX EMGM #M GMXI#XI #M ,IPMEHI 6HYPIWGY KVEQEXMGE PYM #M XVEHYGIVMPI HMR
0EQEVXMRI; EMGM WI TPRYMI#XI WGSEXIVIE YRIM KE^IXI, HEV, 3MRHG KYZIVRYP HI
EXYRGM, HI#M RE'MSREP, HI PE 1822, RY RHV^RM W-M HIE ZSMI *, QEVIPI PSKSJX
XVMQMXI TI -. 1. '. 6SWIXXM R WXVMRXEXI #M EGIWXE XMTVI#XI IJIQIVE TYFPMGE'MI
*EQE 0MTWGM; QEM XV^MY, R ZVIQIE SGYTE'MIM VYWI#XM HMR 1828, 'SRWXERXMR
+SPIWGY SF'MRI HI PE /MWWIPI2 RGYZMMR'EVIE HI ETEVM'MI E YRYM TIVMSHMG #M-P
RWVGMRIE^ TI ,IPMEHI W WGSEX 'YVMIVYP VSQRIWG. R EGIIE#M GEW
WMXYEX TI PSGYP YRHI EWX^M WI E4 4EPEXYP 6ITYFPMGMM WI ZE HIWGLMHI S
PMFVVMI #M WI ZE R3MR'E, HI GXVI RIEQ'YP ;EPFEYQ, YR GEFMRIX HI PIGXYV,
YR GI GY XSXYP RSY TR EXYRGM PE RSM YRHI WI TVMQIEY KE^IXI JVER'Y^I#XM #M
RIQI'I#XM, VIZMWXI #M HMJIVMXI GV'M JVER'Y^I#XM. 4VMR MRWXEPEVIE WXYM GEFMRIX HI
GIXMVI #M PMFVVMI, ;EPFEYQ #M ;MRXIVLEPHIV (EWSGMEXYP QEM XRV EP GIPYM HMRXM
R.R.) RY JGYWIV HIGX W VWTYRH PE XVIFYMR'E GI WI WMQ'M R WSGMIXEXIE
FYGYVI#XIER R EHIZV, IVE YR GI I\XVESVHMREV W 3 Z^YX QYP'MQIE TIV
WSERIPSV GI WI EHYRE R EGIP PSGEP #M WIXIE GY GEVI WI EVYRGE EWYTVE KE^IXIPSV
WXVIMRI R HSVMR'E GI WI HI#XITX EXYRGM HI E WI 'MRI R GSVIRXYP TSPMXMGIM HMR
EJEV. 2Y QEM TY'MR WI MRXVSHYWI KYWXYP GIXMVIM, #M WI Z^Y S QYP'MQI HI
TIVWSERI HI EQFIPI WI\I, GEVI EPIVKEY W GYQTIVI WEY W WI EFSRI^I PE
HMJIVMXI GV'M GI EHYGIE ;EPFEYQ (2. /VIX^YPIWGY: %QMRXMVM MWXSVMGI,
&YGYVI#XM, 1894, T. 35). 0E 7 EYKYWX 1830 'YVMIVYP VSQRIWG ERYR'E
ETVSTMEXE ETEVM'MI E YRIM RSM PYGVVM E QEVIPYM PSKSJX: S LEVX WXEXMWXMG* E
&VMM 6SQRI#XM RWS'MX HI S TVIWGYVXEVI E -WXSVMMM TEXVMMM, RGITRH GY 200 HI
ERM REMRXIE 1RXYMXSVYPYM TR R ^MPIPI RSEWXVI*; HEV PE 5 SGXSQFVMI, R
EGIPE#M ER, KE^IXE GI-#M HEXSVE ETEVM'ME SWXIRIPMPSV* EYXSVYPYM RWIQRVMM
ZIWXI#XI QSEVXIE TKYFMXSEVI E PYM 'SRWXERXMR +SPIWGY, VTYW HI ITMHIQME
HI GMYQ #M LSPIV GEVI FRXYME EXYRGM, EHYW HMR %WME HI EVQEXE
VYW ('SRWXERXMR '. +MYVIWGY, (MRY '. +MYVIWGY, ST. 'X., T. 504), PE RYQEM 53
HI ERM.
4SWXIVMXEXIE P ZE VIHIWGSTIVM XV^MY; TVMQE VIXMTVMVI E RWIQRVMM W-E
JGYX EFME R 1910, HYT GI RW 4SQTMPMY )PMEHI #M 2. -SVKE P RYQMWIV
TVMQYP VSQR QSHIVR, YRYP, #M YR QEVI FSMIV VIJSVQEXSV, GIPPEPX; TIRXVY
RSM, HMR TIVWTIGXMZE VIEPM^VMM TVSKVEQYPYM WY, 'SRWXERXMR +SPIWGY QEM
GYRSWGYX WYF RYQIPI HI (MRY WEY (MRMGY, HMQMRYXMZI HI PE 'SRWXERXMR
IWXI S 3KYV PYQMRSEW E RGITYXYVMPSV GYPXYVMM #M PMXIVEXYVMM QSHIVRI
VSQRI#XM, R E GVSV MWXSVMI E MRXVEX TVMR QEVIE TYXIVI E TIVWSREPMX'MM PYM HI
E 3, HI E EG'MSRE, HI E KRHM #M HI E WGVMI 3VIWG RXV-S PYQI #M RXV-S ITSG
TIRXVY IP, GE #M TIRXVY GIM HI E^M, WXRH WYF WIQRYP RI3VIWGYPYM.
1-6')% -36+90)7'9
&-&0-3+6%*-) 7)0)'8-:%
-. )(-&--
27)12%6) % '%0%836--- 1)0) '3278%2(-2 6%(3 :-'- (-2 +30)"8-
*% '98% 2 %290 1824, 1825, 1826, &YHE, 1826.
27)12%6) % '0836-)- 1)0) XMTVMX HMR RSY #M RWS'MX HI S
MRXVSHYGIVI HI 2IVZE ,SHS#. &YGYVI#XM, 1910, 8MTSKVE3E 'SSTIVEXMZE*.
27)12%6) % '0836-)- 1)0) GY S TVIJE', MRHMGI HI PYGVYVM #M HI
GYZMRXI HI 4IXVI :. ,ERI#. &YGYVI#XM, 1MRIVZE, -RWXMXYX HI EVXI KVE3GI #M
IHMXYV, 1915.
27)12%6) % '0836-)- 1)0) )GJX'MI RKVMNMX HI 4EREMXIWGY-
4IVTIWWMGMYW. )HMXYVE HI 7XEX TIRXVY PMXIVEXYV #M EVX (&. 4. 8.), 1952.
27)12%6) % '%0%836--- 1)0), '3278%2(-2 6%(3:-'- (-2 +30)"8-,
*%'98% 2 %290 1824, 1825, 1826. )HM'MI RKVMNMX #M TVIJE'EX HI +. 4MIRIWGY.
&YGYVI#XM, )HMXYVE 8MRIVIXYPYM (&MFPMSXIGE "GSPEVYPYM), 1963.
27)12%6) % '%0%836--- 1)0) )HM'MI RKVMNMX, TVIJE', XEFIP
GVSRSPSKMG HI +LISVKLI 4STT. )HMXYVE TIRXVY PMXIVEXYV (&. 4. 8.), 1964.
6)*)6-2&) '6-8-')
4SQTMPMY )PMEHI: 0I TVIQMIV 6SYQEMR QSHIVRI: PI PS-N KSTLIXI
'SRWXERXMR +SPIWGY IR )YVSTI, R ,MWXSMVI HI PIWTVMX TYFPMG IR 6SYQERMI EY
HM\-RIYZMIQI WMI HI, XSQIN TVIQMIV, 0SGGYTEXMSR XYVUYI IX -IW TVIQMIVW
TVMRGIW MR-N HMKIRIW (1821-1828), 4EVMW, 7SGMIXI RSYZIPPI HI PMFVEMVMI IX
HIHMXMSR, 1905.
2. -SVKE: 9R QEVI FSMIV VIJSVQEXSV: (MRMGY +SPIWGY #M - -HIMPI #M TPERYVMPI
PYM (MRY +SPIWGY, R -WXSVME PMXIVEXYVMM N VSQRI#XM R ZIEGYP EP <-<-PIE, HI PE
1821 REMRXI, RP PIKXYV GY HI^ZSPXEVIE GYPXYVEP E RIEQYPYM, ZSM. -, )TSGE PYM
%WEGLM #X )PMEH (1821-1840). &YGYVI#XM, 1M-P RIVZE, -RWXMXYX HI EVXI KVE3GI #M
IHMXYV, 1907, T. 79- - 86, 87-100.
4IVTIWWMGMYW: 0E GIRXIREVYP GPXSVMIM PYM (MRMGY +SPIWGY, M R 1IR'MYRM
GVMXMGI, WIVME -, 1928; VITVSHYW R 3TIVI, - ZSM. P, )HMXYVE TIRXVY PMXIVEXYV,
&YGYVI#XM, 1967; %MM-P ZEKIR #M ZETSV PE (MRMGY +SPIWGY, R 1IR'MYRM GVMXMGI, E
WIVME E ----E, 1936; VITVSHYW R 3TIVI, ZSM. -:, )HM1 XYVE 1MRIVZE, &YGYVI#XM,
1971; RWIQREVIE GPXSVMIM - PYM (MRMGY +SPIWGY (TVSMIGX HI TVIJE'), R
1IR'MYRM HI - MWXSVMSKVE3I PMXIVEV #M JSPGPSV (1948-1956), )HMXYVE HI 7XEX
TIRXVY PMXIVEXYV #M EVX, 1957.
+. 'PMRIWGY: (MRMGY +SPIWGY, R -WXSVME PMXIVEXYVMM VS. QRI HI PE SVMKMRM
TR R TVI^IRX, *YRHE'ME TIRXVY PMXIVEXYV #M EVX, 1941; (MRMGY +SPIWGY R
7XYHMM #M GIVGIXVM HI MWXSVMI PMXIVEV #M JSPGPSV, -<, 1960, RV. 4.
4SQTMPMY 'SRWXE RXMRIWGY: (MRMGY +SPIWGY. 'SRJIN VMR' VEHMSHMJY^EX R
1942. 8MTVMX TSWXYQ, R 7GVMIVM, - ZSM. 3. )HM'MI RKVMNMX HI 'SRWXER'E
'SRWXERXMRIWGY. &YGYN VI#XM, )HMXYVE TIRXVY PMXIVEXYV, 1969, T. 89-94.
(. 4STSZMGM: (MRMGY +SPIWGY. 7SGMIXEXIE PMXIVEV HI PE N &VE#SZ #M
&YGYVI#XM. R#XMMR'EVIE PYM +SPIWGY PE R3MR'EVIE #GSPMM HI PE +SPI#XM. 3TIVE
PMXIVEV. 3 GVM^ TYXIVRMG HI GSR#XMMR' #M S M^FYGRMVI E WIRXMQIRXIPSV
HIQS3PI: RWIQREVI E GPXSVMIM, R 0E PMXXIVEXYVI VSYQEMRI E PITSUYI HIW
PYQMLIW. 7MFMY, 1945. 6ITVSHYW R 7XYHMM PMXIVEVI, -, )HMXYVE (EGME, 'PYN, 1972.
+ L. 4 S T T: (MRMGY +SPIWGY, )HMXYVE 8MRIVIXYPYM, 1968.
-. 2IKSM'IWGY: (MRMGY +SPIWGY, R %REPM^I #M WMRXI^I, &YGYVI#XM, )HMXYVE
%PFEXVSW, 1976.
1. 2. 6 Y W Y: 6IZIPE'MMPI YRSV HSGYQIRXI MRIHMXI PE 200 HI ERM HI PE
RE#XIVI (MRMGY +SPIWGY, R 6SQRME PMXIVEV, ER. <, RV. 6, 10 JIFVYEVMI
1977.
1. -.
7*6"-8
1 R XI\XYP MHI FE^: WMPMX. (2. IH.)
2 R XI\XYP HI FE^: M^ZSHMXMVMM. (2. IH.)
3 -R XI\XYP HI FE^ WGVMW: GJ8-JIR,. (2. IH.)
4 -R XI\XYP HI FE^: TSZ'YMVMM PSV. (2. IH.)
5 7IXYVM W GLIEQ YR HIEP WTEX GE S WGEV, #M R PSG HI XVIETX
RKYWX WYRX PEXI HI WXMRNMRM TY'MRM WEY QYP'M, #M EP'MM, WTVI E RY GHIE
TQRXYP, ^MHIWG GY ^MH, EP'MM GY FVE^H. %GIWXI PI RYQIWG WIXYVM.
6 ,HI#XIY JSEVXI QMG, ^MHMX QTVINYV GY TMEXV WEY GY GVQMH, HMR GEVI
GY QI#XI#YK W EVYRG ETE R WYW.
7 3 ET GEVI HI PE YR PSG REPX GEHI NSW GY VITI^MGMYRI.
8 %PII W GLIEQ YR HVYQ GY GSTEGM TI EQRHSE TV'MPI WHM'M, WEY
ETVSETI, WEY QEM HITEVXI, WEY WGYV'M, WEY QEM REP'M.
9 8VYT HI SQ PYGVEX, WEY HI QEVQYV, WEY HI EVEQ, WEY HI SVGI EPX
QIXEP.
10 -R XI\XYP HI FE^: 800 WYXI. (2. IH.)
11 7SPHE'M WPYXM'M #M FXVRM, GEVI PE V^FSEMI RY QIVK, GM WYRX TIRXVY
XVIFYMR'E SVE#YPYM.
12 0SGYP RXVY GEVI WXEY GSQIHMIRMM #M # EVEX MWXSVMMPI WEY NSGYVMPI GI
ZSV W JEG.
13 0GYMR' HI TVSJIWSV, GY XSEXI JIPYVMQMPI HI SGLMERYVM, GI GEYX PE
QM#GVMPI GSQM'MPSV, TPERMXIMSV.
14 8MXPYVMPI QTVYQYXEXI HMR XEFPE HI QEXIVMM E IHM'MIM SVMKMREPI (QEM
EREPMXMG HIGX GYTVMRWYP GI W-EV TYXIE EPGXYM HYT XMXPYVMPI HMR XI\X) EY JSWX
RGLMWI RXVI TEVERXI^I YRKLMYPEVI, (2. IH.)
15 :IGLMPM GEVI XVMQMX HYTVMR SVE#I, HMR TEVXIE RSVSHYPYM, PE WGEYRYP
SXGVQYMVMM. ?R XI\XYP HI FE^, HYT HITYXE'M, WI VITIX, TVSFEFMP HMR
RIEXIR'ME XMTSKVEJYPYM, WMRXEKQE: HMR XSEXI SVE#IPI.
2. IH.A
16 -R XI\XYP HI FE^: GSVSRE. (2. IH.)
17 'EWI QTVXI#XM.
18 0SG PEVK, JV HI E PWE W ^MHIEWG RMQIRM TI IP RMGM S ^MHMVI, 3MRH
TIRXVY RXVIFYMR'EVIE XYXYMPSV SVS#ERMPSV, TI GEVI PSGYVM ZVEH TMRI, TSEQI,
ZIVHI'YVM, PIKYQM #M EWIQIRIE PYGVYVM.
19 'EW 'M JKMJ *F VJS* PYGVYVM 3VI#XM, GYQ EGIWXIE GEVI W GYTVMRH.
20 -R XI\XYP HI FE^: GSRHIM (V) (2. IH.)
21 0SGYP YRHI W RZE' GPVMME, S ^MHMVI VXYRH, E#XIVRYX GY RMWMT
QVYRX, GE, GRH ZSV GHIE GPVI'MM, W RY TXMQIEWG.
22 -R XI\XYP HI FE^: WXVRKRHY-#. (2. IH.)
23 R XI\XYP HI FE^: E. (2. IH.)
24 )KLMT'MIRMM, IPMRMM 'M VSQERMM GVIHIE G R QEVI WYRX EGIWXIE
HYQRI^ISEMGI, 2MVIMHI,
25 R XI\XYP HI FE^: 20.000 HI QMM 3YVMRM. (2. IH.)
26 7PSFSH ZR^EVI HI XSEXI JIPMYVMQMPI QVJYVMPSV HMR XSEXI TV'MPI.
27 -R XI\XYP HI FE^: EGIWXIE. (2. IH.)
28 R XI\XYP HI FE^: E#M. (2. IH.)
29 -R XI\XYP HI FE^: FSMM. (2. IH.)
30 -R VIEPMXEXI, TVMR >MMVMGL GYVK RYQEM HSY KVPI: 0MQQEX #M 7MLP. (2.
IH.)
31 &EPXE >YVML (0EGYP >MMVMGL->YVMGLIV 7II) RY GYVKI TVMR QMNPSGYP
SVE#YPYM GYQ WGVMI (MRMGY +SPIWGY, GM SVE#YP R GIXEXI IWXI E#I^EX TI QEPYP
RSVHMG EP 0EGYPYM >MMVMGL, RXV-YR XVMYRKLM JSVQEX HI 0EGYP >MMVMGL, VYP 0MQQEX #M
YR E4YIRX EP VYPYM 0MQQEX, VYP 7MLP. (YT GYQ VIMIWI HMR JVE^E YVQXSEVI
(%GIEWX FEPX, RKYWXRHY-W PE GETYP HIWTVI SVE#, GYVKI TVMR QMNPSGYP
SVE#YPYM) GPXSVYP RSWXVY GSRJYRH VYP 0MQQEX, PE MI#MVIE HMR 0EGYP >MMVMGL,
GY RWY#M 0EGYP >MMVMGL. %MGM IWXI, TVSFEFMP, WYVWE GIPSV XVIM KVPI GEVI GYVK
TVMR >MMVMGL. (2. IH.)
32 8R XI\XYP HI FE^: GSRHIMY. (2. IH.)
33 R XI\XYP HI FE^ WGVMW: E)P, VJG. (2. IH.)
34 (YPM, #M MEV (YPM RMP MWRX HSY PSGEPMX'M, GM S PSGEPMXEXI VW3VEX GEMQ
TI ZVIS NYQXEXI HI OMPSQIXVY; E#E WI I\TPMG, TVSFEFMP, MQTVIWME PYM (MRMGY
+SPIWGY HI E 3 XVIGYX TI PRK HSY GIX'M. (2. IH.)
35 2YQIPI GYPIWI GY GEVEGXIVI HVITXI MRHMG JSVQIPI HMR XI\XYP SVMKMREP,
GEVEGXIVIPI GYVWMZI GSVIGXVMPI #M MHIRXM3GVMPI IHMXSVYPYM; RYQIPI
RIMHIRXM3GEXI WYRX QEVGEXI GY WIQRYP *. 4IRXVY EGIEWX RSY MQTVMQEVI
MRHMGIPI E JSWX R RXVIKMQI VIZM^YMX, IPMQMRRHY-WI KVI#IPMPI HI XMTEV #M
MHIRXM3GVMPI IVSREXI HMR TVMQE IHM'MI (1963).
%FVIZMIVM: (G.) ! GERXSR IPZI'MER; (HYG.) ! HYGEX; (MRW.) ! MRWYP; (1.) !
PEG; (PSG.) ! PSGEPMXEXI; (Q.) ! QYRXI; (T.) ! TEVG; (TVMRG.) ! TVMRGMTEX; (V.) VY,
4YZMY; (VIK.) ! VIKMYRI, 'MRYX.
36 4IVTIWWMGMYW: 1IR'MYRM HI MWXSVMSKVE3I PMXIVEV #M JSPGPSV (1948-1956),
&YGYVI#XM, )HMXYVE HI 7XEX TIRXVY PMXIVEXYV #M EVX, 1957, T. 167.
37 4SQTMPMY )PMEHI: ,MWXSMVI HI PIWTVMX TYFPMG IR 6SYQERMI EY HM\-
RIYZMIQI WMIGPI. 8SQI TVIQMIV, 0SGGYTEXMSR XYVUYI IX
38 4IVTIWWMGMYW, ST. GMX., T. 191.
39 2. -SVKE, 3EQIRM GEVM EY JSWX, -. )HMXYVE TIRXVY PMXIVEXYV, GSP. &. 4. 8.,
1967, T. 266.
40 4IVTIWWMGMYW, ST. GMX., T. 175.
41 4IVTIWWMGMYW, MHIQ., T. 199.
42 (. 4STSMVM. 7XYHMM PMXIVEVI. 8. 8LIVEXYV-. VSQR -R ITSGE PYQMRMPSV,
)HMXYVE (EGME, 'PYN, 1967, T. 349.
43 0YGVI'MY 4XV#GERY, 9R ZIEG HI JVQRXVM WSGMEPI 1821- 1907,
IHM'ME E -P-E, )HMXYVE 'EVXIE VYW, 1947, T. 117.
44 -SER '. *MPMXXM, *VQRXVMPI TSPMXMGI #M WSGMEPI R 4VMRGMTEXIPI 6SQRI
HI PE 1821 PE 1828, 'EVXIE VSQRIEWG, 1932, T. 16.
45 '. (. %VMGIWGY, -WXSVME VIZSPY'MYQM VSQRI HI PE 1821, 'VEMSZE, 1874,
T. 341.
46 -SER '. *MPMXXM, ST. GMX., T. 128.
47 4SQTMPMY )PMEHI, ST. GMX., T. 116-117.
48 -SER '. *MPMXXM, ST. GMX., T. 128.
49 4SQTMPMY )PMEHI, ST. GMX. T. 103-112.
50 -HIQ.
6 -FMHIQ.
52 -SER '. *MPMXXM, ST. GMX., T. 128.
53 -HIQ, T. 172.
54 -FMHIQ, T. 29.
55 -SER '. *MPMXXM, ST. GMX., T. 26.
56 -SR +LMGE, ST. GMX., T. 160.
57 4SQTMPMY 'SRWXERXMRIWGY, 7GVMIVM, 2, )HMXYVE TIRXVY PMXIVEXYV, 1967,
T. 313.
58 'SRWXERXMR '. +MYVIWGY, (MRY '. +MYVIWGY, -WXSVME VSQRMPSV HMR GIPI
QEM ZIGLM XMQTYVM TR EWX^M, )HMXYVE %PFEXVSW, 1971., T. 503.
59 1MVGIE )PMEHI, ST. GMX., T. <0
60 2. -SVKE, -WXSVME PMXIVEXYVMM VSQERI#XM R ZIEGYP EP <P<-PIE, T 89