#Not e: Poor = Per cent age of Fami l i es wi t h I ncomes<3000 dol l ar s

#I . Summar y St at i st i cs
summar y( Pol l ut i on$Mor t al i t y)
summar y( Pol l ut i on$SO2)
summar y( Pol l ut i on$Pr eci p)
summar y( Pol l ut i on$Humi di t y)
summar y( Pol l ut i on$J anTemp)
summar y( Pol l ut i on$J ul yTemp)
summar y( Pol l ut i on$Over 65)
summar y( Pol l ut i on$Educ)
summar y( Pol l ut i on$Densi t y)
summar y( Pol l ut i on$NonWhi t e)
summar y( Pol l ut i on$Poor )
sd( Pol l ut i on$Mor t al i t y)
sd( Pol l ut i on$SO2)
sd( Pol l ut i on$Pr eci p)
sd( Pol l ut i on$Humi di t y)
sd( Pol l ut i on$J anTemp)
sd( Pol l ut i on$J ul yTemp)
sd( Pol l ut i on$Over 65)
sd( Pol l ut i on$Educ)
sd( Pol l ut i on$Densi t y)
sd( Pol l ut i on$NonWhi t e)
sd( Pol l ut i on$Poor )
#I I . Expl or at or y Gr aph
#1. Hi st ogr ams: SO2, J ant emp, J ul yTemp, Densi t y and NonWhi t e- skewed
hi st ( Pol l ut i on$Mor t al i t y)
hi st ( Pol l ut i on$SO2) #Ri ght - Skewed, t r ansf or m?
hi st ( Pol l ut i on$Pr eci p) #Li t t l e bi t l ef t skewed
hi st ( Pol l ut i on$Humi di t y)
hi st ( Pol l ut i on$J anTemp) # Ri ght skewed
hi st ( Pol l ut i on$J ul yTemp) # Lef t skewed
hi st ( Pol l ut i on$Over 65)
hi st ( Pol l ut i on$Educ) #Li t t l e Lef t Skewed
hi st ( Pol l ut i on$Densi t y) #Ri ght Skewed
hi st ( Pol l ut i on$NonWhi t e) #Ri ght Skewed
#2. Scat t er pl ot Mat r i x
l i br ar y( car )
scat t er pl ot Mat r i x( Pol l ut i on, smoot her =FALSE, di agonal =" hi st ogr am" )
hi st ( Pol l ut i on$SO2)
pl ot ( Mor t al i t y~SO2, dat a=Pol l ut i on)
abl i ne( l ml i ne)
#3. Tr el l i s Pl ot t o f i nd I nt er act i ons:
l i br ar y( l at t i ce)
Pr eci p2<- equal . count ( Pol l ut i on$Pr eci p, number =4, over l ap=0)
Humi di t y2<- equal . count ( Pol l ut i on$Humi di t y, number =4, over l ap=0)
J anTemp2<- equal . count ( Pol l ut i on$J anTemp, number =4, over l ap=0)
J ul yTemp2<- equal . count ( Pol l ut i on$J ul yTemp, number =4, over l ap=0)
Over 652<- equal . count ( Pol l ut i on$Over 65, number =4, over l ap=0)
Educ2<- equal . count ( Pol l ut i on$Educ, number =4, over l ap=0)
Densi t y2<- equal . count ( Pol l ut i on$Densi t y, number =4, over l ap=0)
NonWhi t e2<- equal . count ( Pol l ut i on$NonWhi t e, number =4, over l ap=0)
Poor 2<- equal . count ( Pol l ut i on$Poor , number =4, over l ap=0)
xypl ot ( Mor t al i t y~Pr eci p| Humi di t y2, dat a=Pol l ut i on, panel =f unct i on( x, y) {panel . xypl ot ( x, y) ; panel . l ml i ne( x, y) })
xypl ot ( Mor t al i t y~Pr eci p| J anTemp2, dat a=Pol l ut i on, panel =f unct i on( x, y) {panel . xypl ot ( x, y) ; panel . l ml i ne( x, y) })
xypl ot ( Mor t al i t y~Pr eci p| J ul yTemp2, dat a=Pol l ut i on, panel =f unct i on( x, y) {panel . xypl ot ( x, y) ; panel . l ml i ne( x, y) })
xypl ot ( Mor t al i t y~Pr eci p| Over 652, dat a=Pol l ut i on, panel =f unct i on( x, y) {panel . xypl ot ( x, y) ; panel . l ml i ne( x, y) })
xypl ot ( Mor t al i t y~Pr eci p| Educ2, dat a=Pol l ut i on, panel =f unct i on( x, y) {panel . xypl ot ( x, y) ; panel . l ml i ne( x, y) })
xypl ot ( Mor t al i t y~Pr eci p| Densi t y2, dat a=Pol l ut i on, panel =f unct i on( x, y) {panel . xypl ot ( x, y) ; panel . l ml i ne( x, y) })
xypl ot ( Mor t al i t y~Pr eci p| NonWhi t e2, dat a=Pol l ut i on, panel =f unct i on( x, y) {panel . xypl ot ( x, y) ; panel . l ml i ne( x, y) })
xypl ot ( Mor t al i t y~Pr eci p| Poor 2, dat a=Pol l ut i on, panel =f unct i on( x, y) {panel . xypl ot ( x, y) ; panel . l ml i ne( x, y) })
xypl ot ( Mor t al i t y~Humi di t y| J anTemp2, dat a=Pol l ut i on, panel =f unct i on( x, y) {panel . xypl ot ( x, y) ; panel . l ml i ne( x, y) })
xypl ot ( Mor t al i t y~Humi di t y| J ul yTemp2, dat a=Pol l ut i on, panel =f unct i on( x, y) {panel . xypl ot ( x, y) ; panel . l ml i ne( x, y) })
xypl ot ( Mor t al i t y~Humi di t y| Over 652, dat a=Pol l ut i on, panel =f unct i on( x, y) {panel . xypl ot ( x, y) ; panel . l ml i ne( x, y) })
xypl ot ( Mor t al i t y~Humi di t y| Educ2, dat a=Pol l ut i on, panel =f unct i on( x, y) {panel . xypl ot ( x, y) ; panel . l ml i ne( x, y) })
xypl ot ( Mor t al i t y~Humi di t y| Densi t y2, dat a=Pol l ut i on, panel =f unct i on( x, y) {panel . xypl ot ( x, y) ; panel . l ml i ne( x, y) })
xypl ot ( Mor t al i t y~Humi di t y| NonWhi t e2, dat a=Pol l ut i on, panel =f unct i on( x, y) {panel . xypl ot ( x, y) ; panel . l ml i ne( x, y) })
xypl ot ( Mor t al i t y~Humi di t y| Poor 2, dat a=Pol l ut i on, panel =f unct i on( x, y) {panel . xypl ot ( x, y) ; panel . l ml i ne( x, y) })
xypl ot ( Mor t al i t y~J anTemp| J ul yTemp2, dat a=Pol l ut i on, panel =f unct i on( x, y) {panel . xypl ot ( x, y) ; panel . l ml i ne( x, y) })
xypl ot ( Mor t al i t y~J anTemp| Over 652, dat a=Pol l ut i on, panel =f unct i on( x, y) {panel . xypl ot ( x, y) ; panel . l ml i ne( x, y) })
xypl ot ( Mor t al i t y~J anTemp| Educ2, dat a=Pol l ut i on, panel =f unct i on( x, y) {panel . xypl ot ( x, y) ; panel . l ml i ne( x, y) })
xypl ot ( Mor t al i t y~J anTemp| Densi t y2, dat a=Pol l ut i on, panel =f unct i on( x, y) {panel . xypl ot ( x, y) ; panel . l ml i ne( x, y) })
xypl ot ( Mor t al i t y~J anTemp| NonWhi t e2, dat a=Pol l ut i on, panel =f unct i on( x, y) {panel . xypl ot ( x, y) ; panel . l ml i ne( x, y) })
xypl ot ( Mor t al i t y~J anTemp| Poor 2, dat a=Pol l ut i on, panel =f unct i on( x, y) {panel . xypl ot ( x, y) ; panel . l ml i ne( x, y) })
xypl ot ( Mor t al i t y~J ul yTemp| Over 652, dat a=Pol l ut i on, panel =f unct i on( x, y) {panel . xypl ot ( x, y) ; panel . l ml i ne( x, y) })
xypl ot ( Mor t al i t y~J ul yTemp| Educ2 dat a=Pol l ut i on panel =f unct i on( x y) {panel xypl ot ( x y) ; panel l ml i ne( x y) })
xypl ot ( Mor t al i t y~J ul yTemp| Educ2, dat a=Pol l ut i on, panel =f unct i on( x, y) {panel . xypl ot ( x, y) ; panel . l ml i ne( x, y) })
xypl ot ( Mor t al i t y~J ul yTemp| Densi t y2, dat a=Pol l ut i on, panel =f unct i on( x, y) {panel . xypl ot ( x, y) ; panel . l ml i ne( x, y) })
xypl ot ( Mor t al i t y~J ul yTemp| NonWhi t e2, dat a=Pol l ut i on, panel =f unct i on( x, y) {panel . xypl ot ( x, y) ; panel . l ml i ne( x, y) })
xypl ot ( Mor t al i t y~J ul yTemp| Poor 2, dat a=Pol l ut i on, panel =f unct i on( x, y) {panel . xypl ot ( x, y) ; panel . l ml i ne( x, y) })
#I I I . Tr yi ng out model s
#1. Wi t h al l
model 1. l m<- l m( Mor t al i t y~Pr eci p+Humi di t y+J anTemp+J ul yTemp+Over 65+Educ+Densi t y+NonWhi t e+Poor , dat a=Pol l ut i on)
pl ot ( model 1. l m, whi ch=1)
pl ot ( model 1. l m, whi ch=2)
summar y( model 1. l m)
pl ot ( Mor t al i t y~Educ, dat a=Pol l ut i on)
#2. Addi ng t emp2 i n J ul y and over 65
model 2. l m<-
l m( Mor t al i t y~Pr eci p+Humi di t y+J anTemp+J ul yTemp+Over 65+Educ+Densi t y+NonWhi t e+Poor +I ( J ul yTemp^2) +I ( Over 65^2) , dat a=Pol l ut i on)
summar y( model 2. l m)
anova( model 2. l m)
pl ot ( model 2. l m, whi ch=1)
pl ot ( model 2. l m, whi ch=2)
#3. Addi ng I nt er act i on Ter ms t o model 2
model 3. l m<- l m( Mor t al i t y~
( Pr eci p+Humi di t y+J anTemp+J ul yTemp+Over 65+Educ+Densi t y+NonWhi t e+Poor ) ^2+I ( J ul yTemp^2) , dat a=Pol l ut i on)
summar y( model 3. l m)
anova( model 3. l m)
anova( model 1. l m, model 3. l m) # i ndi cat e al l i nt er act i on coef f i ci ent i nsi g
anova( model 2. l m, model 3. l m) # al l ^2 i nsi g
#4. Removi ng al l i nt er act i on & ^2, back t o model 1
summar y( model 1. l m)
anova( model 1. l m)
#5. Removi ng Humi di t y and Poor and J ul yTemp
model 5. l m<- l m( Mor t al i t y~Pr eci p+J anTemp+Over 65+Educ+Densi t y+NonWhi t e, dat a=Pol l ut i on)
summar y( model 5. l m)
anova( model 5. l m)
anova( model 5. l m, model 1. l m) #pr ef er model 5
vi f ( model 5. l m)
#6. Removi ng Over 65 + Pr eci p
model 6. l m<- l m( Mor t al i t y~Educ+NonWhi t e+J anTemp+Densi t y, dat a=Pol l ut i on)
summar y( model 6. l m)
anova( model 6. l m)
anova( model 6. l m, model 5. l m) #pr ef er Smal l er model
pl ot ( model 6. l m, whi ch=1)
#7. Addi ng SO2
model 7. l m<- l m( Mor t al i t y~Educ+NonWhi t e+J anTemp+Densi t y+SO2, dat a=Pol l ut i on)
summar y( model 7. l m)
anova( model 7. l m)
#Di agnost i c
pl ot ( model 7. l m, whi ch=1)
l i br ar y( car )
ncvTest ( model 7. l m)
pl ot ( model 7. l m, whi ch=2)
vi f ( model 7. l m)
#Out l i er s:
hat val ues( model 7. l m)
whi ch( hat val ues( model 7. l m) >( 2*6/ 60) )
pl ot ( model 7. l m, whi ch=4)
pl ot ( f i t t ed( model 7. l m) , r st udent ( model 7. l m) )
abl i ne( h=0)
abl i ne( h=c( - 2, 2) , col =" gr een" )
i dx=i dent i f y( f i t t ed( model 7. l m) , r st udent ( model 7. l m) )
i nf l uencePl ot ( model 7. l m)
#Wi t hout 20 and 60:
Mor t al i t y3<- subset ( Pol l ut i on, sel ect =Mor t al i t y, subset = ( ( Mor t al i t y! =1113. 06) &( Mor t al i t y! =911. 82) ) , dr op=TRUE)
SO23<- subset ( Pol l ut i on, sel ect =SO2, subset = ( ( Mor t al i t y! =1113. 06) &( Mor t al i t y! =911. 82) ) , dr op=TRUE)
Educ3<- subset ( Pol l ut i on, sel ect =Educ, subset = ( ( Mor t al i t y! =1113. 06) &( Mor t al i t y! =911. 82) ) , dr op=TRUE)
NonWhi t e3<- subset ( Pol l ut i on, sel ect =NonWhi t e, subset = ( ( Mor t al i t y! =1113. 06) &( Mor t al i t y! =911. 82) ) , dr op=TRUE)
J anTemp3<- subset ( Pol l ut i on, sel ect =J anTemp, subset = ( ( Mor t al i t y! =1113. 06) &( Mor t al i t y! =911. 82) ) , dr op=TRUE)
Densi t y3<- subset ( Pol l ut i on, sel ect =Densi t y, subset = ( ( Mor t al i t y! =1113. 06) &( Mor t al i t y! =911. 82) ) , dr op=TRUE)
model 8. l m<- l m( Mor t al i t y3~Educ3+NonWhi t e3+J anTemp3+Densi t y3+SO23)
summar y( model 8. l m)
anova( model 8. l m)
pl ot ( Pol l ut i on$SO2, r esi d( model 7. l m) )
pl ot ( Mor t al i t y~SO2, dat a=Pol l ut i on)
model 9. l m<- l m( Mor t al i t y~Educ+NonWhi t e+Densi t y+J anTemp+l og( SO2) , dat a=Pol l ut i on)
pl ot ( model 9. l m, whi ch=1)
pl ot ( f i t t ed( model 7. l m) , r esi d( model 7. l m) )
abl i ne( h=0)