Môn Học Lò Hơi Chương 1

MN HC:L HI V MNG NHIT
Chng 1-Khi nim c bn

Chng 2.Qa trnh chy v thit b bung la
Chng 3-Qa trnh sinh hi v cc b mt truyn nhit
Chng 4- Tinh kim tra sc bn
Chng 5-H thng thng gi
Chng 6-Tiu chun k thut an ton v l hi
Chng 7-Vn hnh,bo tr v bo dng l hi c.nghip
Chng 8-Mng nhit
Ti liu tk : [1] Cng ngh l hi v mng nhit. Tg:Phm l
Dn,Nguyn Cng Hn.
[2] Thit k l hi.tg Nguyn Hu Ho
[3] Giao trnh l hi ,tg ng Thnh Trung
[4] S tay k thut ni hi

06/05T/2013
1
401036 CHNG I:NNG LNG MT
TRI
CHNG I:KHI NiM CHUNG
Ni dung chng: khi nim chung
- 1.Nhim v ca thit bi sinh hi
- 2.S qua v cu to v nguyn l hot ng ca TBSH
dng nhin liu hu c
- 3.Cc c tnh c bn v phn loi l hi
- 4.Nhin liu v sn phm chy ca nhin liu
- 5.Cn bng nhit v hiu sut TBSH

06/05/2013 2
TRI
I.Nhim v ca TBSH
2 nhim v chnh:
a/chuyn ha cc dng NLkhc thnh nhit nng: NL hu
c:than ,du m,kh t..;NL nguyn t:tng hp
hoc phn hy ht nhn NT to ra nhit;NLTT
b/truyn nhit nng sinh ra cho cht ti nhit chng thay
i trng thi v sinh cng.
II.Tng quan v cu to v nguyn l hot ng caTBSH
dng nhin liu hu c
2.1 Cu to :
3 loi l hi: LH th cng; LH ghi xch ; LH t phun.
06/05/2013

3
TRI

06/05/2013 4
TRI
a/.LH t th cng
l loi n gin nht,lu i nht,t NL rn
cc b phn chnh:-bao hi 1,-van hi chnh2,-van nc cp3,-
ghi l4,-bung la5,-hp tro,x6,-ca gi7,-ca cp NL8,-ng
khi9
06/05/2013 5
TRI
b/ LH ghi xch .L loi c cng
sut nh v trung bnh,t NL
rn.Cc b phn chnh:-bao
hi1,-van hi chnh2,-ng
cp nc3,-ghi l4,-bung
la5,-hp tro x6,-hp gi7,-
phiu than8,-ng khi9,-b
sy khng kh10,-qut gi 11,-
qut khi 12,-b hm nc
13,-bm nc 13a,-dn ng
nc xung 14,-ng gp di
15,-dn ng nc ln 16,-dy
pheston 17,-b qu nhit 18

06/05/2013 6
TRI
c/LH t phun: cng sut tb v
ln,t NL lng,kh,rn xay
thnh bt.
Cc b phn chnh:-bao hi 1,-
van hi chnh 2,-ng cp
nc 3,-vi phun NL4,-
bung la 5,-phiu tro lnh
6,-ging x 7,-bm cp nc
8,-ng khi 9,-b sy kk 10,-
qut gi 11,-qut khi 12,-b
hm nc 13,-dn ng nc
xung 14,-dn ng nc ln
15,-dy pheston 17,b qu
nhit 18,-b lng bi 19.
2.2 Tng quan v vn hnh l hi: Cc h thng chnh:-HT
cung cp v t chy NL,-HT cung cp kk v thi sp
chy,-HTcp nc,-HT nung nng nc,to HBH,HQN.
a/ LHth cng: NL a vo l qua ca cp NL.xp thnh
lp trn ghi.c lp NLang chy truyn nhit v
chy lan sang.kk cp t di ghi nh qut,ngn la
chy cp nhit cho nc qua tng l.khi ra ngoi
nh qut gi,ng khi,x ri di ghi l.
b/ LH ghi xch:cp NL vo phu,NL rt ln u ghi,ghi quay
chm 2-30m/h,NLc chy khi vo phm vi ca
bung la qua cc giai on : sy nng NL,sy kh
NL,thot cht bc,to cc,gp kk,di ghi l i ln th
qt chy xy ra,to ra sn phm chy v tro,
06/05/2013 7

.cc ht nl nh v kh trong khi bay theo khi s chy tip
nh gi c2 thi trn mt ghi.SPCc nhit 1000-
1200C,truyn nhit cho dn ng nc ln ,dn
pheston,hm nc v sy kk th cn khong 120-
250C,theo ng khi ra mt.CSl ghi xch t 4-35t/h.
c/Vn hnh l t phun:NL; kh,lng,than xay hat< 40m.
L loi LH dng ph bin hin nay trong cc NMN.NL
c gi c1 thi qua vi phun mang vo BL,NL nhn
nhit ca BL sy kh tch bc,to cc, chy.KKcp
cho qu trnh chy l gi c2,tao thnh spc ,tro,x.Tro,x
chy lng do nhit chy cao,thnh cc ri xung
di ,thi ra mt.mt t tro x nh bay theo spc ngui dn
bm vo dn ng sinh hi, dn ng hmnc,sykk

06/05/2013 8 I
SPC c nhit 1200-1600C,sau khi truyn nhit cn
khong 120-180C theo ng khi ra mt.Nc qua b hm
nc,t nhit si ri a vo bao hi,do nc cha
si nng nn n i xung theo dn ng xung,qua ng
gp di,ri theo dn ng ln nhn nhit,si,bc hi
ri tr v bao hi, yhi c tch ra v nc lai hn
hp vi nc mi cp i xungLH t phun c as
2,3 trm bar,nhit t n 600C, CS n3000T/H.

06/05/2013 9
CHNG I:KHI NiM
CHUNG
III.Cc c tnh c bn v phn loai LH
1.Cc c tnh c bn ca LH
a/ Sn lng hi D: l lng hi sx ra trong 1 v thi
gian,o bng T/h,kg/h. C 3 loi sn lng:
-SL nh mc D0:l sn lng ln nht m LH c th lm
vic lu di vi thng s hi qui nh,thng ghi trn
nhn hiu LH
-SL hi kinh t Dkt :l SL hi m LH lm vic vi Hsnhit
cao nht,khong 75-90% sl nh mc.
-SL hi cc i Dmaxl sl hi ln nht cho php LH lm vic
tm thi trong khong tg ngn,vt slm 10-20%

206/05/2013 10
401037 CHNG VII:NG HC
CHT KH V HI
b/Thng s hi:
-vi LH sx HQN th biu th bng ts hi sau BQN,-v LH
sx HBH th ly ts hi sau bao hi
c/ HS ca LH:l hs nhit =t s gia nhit lng mi cht
hp th c trn nhit lng cung cp.
d/. Cc ch tiu khc:
- NS bc hi ca b mt truyn nhit d-kg/m
2
-h,l lng
hi sx ra trong 1 v tg ng vi 1 v b mt tn,vi cc
LH c d=12 kg/m
2
.h,LH mi d=22-45 kg/m
2
.h
- Sut tiu hao kim loi g-kg/T/h:l lng kl dng
ch to LH ng vi 1 t/h hi.
6/05/2013

11
TRI
- Nhit th th tch ca bung la qv-w/m
3
: l nhit lng
ta ra trong 1 v tg ng vi 1v th tch bung la
-Nhit th din tch ghi l q
R
- w/m
2
:l nhit lng ta ra
trong 1 v tg ng vi 1 v din tch ghi l.
2.Phn loi LH
1. Da vo SLH:-LH cs nh <20T/h; -LH cs trung bnh t
20-75 T/h;- LH cs ln >75 T/h
2. Da vo ts hi:-LH ts thp p< 15 bar,t<350C,thng
HBH; -LH ts trung bnh p=15-60 bar,t=350-450C; -LH ts
cao p>60 bar,t=450-540C; -LH ts siu cao p>140 bar, c
th dng : LH ts di ti hn,LH ts trn ti hn.

6/05/2013 12
TRI
Da vo ch chuyn ng ca nc trong LH: 4 loi:
-LH i lu t nhin:mc chuyn ng t nhin,khng hnh
thnh vng tun hon t nhin, lhcs nh
-LH tun hon t nhin: LH cs tb v ln, ts di ti
hn,thng gp.Do c chnh mt ln nn mc to
c vng tun hon t nhin.
-LH tun hon cng bc: mc tun hon theo qu o khp
kn,LH ts cao v siu cao,trn ti hn
-LH i lu cng bc: LH trc lu, bm y mc i theo 1
chiu,vo l,nhn nhit ,sinh hi,a ra s dng,khng
quay tr li.

6/05/2013 13
TRI
Da vo cch t nhin liu:
-LH t theo lp ,nhin liu rn,xp lp trn ghi l.loai ghi c
nh,ghi xch thun chiu v ghi xch ngc chiu
-LH t phun:
-LH t c bit bung la xoy, bung la tng si
Cc cch phn loi khc:
-LH thi x kh,LH thi x lng
-LH bung la as m,as dng
-LH di ng,tnh ti
-LH cp nhit,LH ng lc
-LHng l,LH ng la,LH ng nc,LH nm,LH ng
6/05/2013 14
TRI

6/05/2013 15
TRI
6/05/2013 16
TRI
6/05/2013 17
TRI
6/05/2013 18
TRI
IV.Nhin liu v sn phm chy ca nhin liu
nhin liu: chy ta nhit,hin nay nl hu c l chnh;than
,du m,kh t..
4.1.Thnh phn ca NL:
thnh phn ha hc v tp cng ngh
1.1/TP ha hc: tp chy c gm C,H,S,N,O;-TPkhng
chy c gm tro A,m W
a/TP chy c:
-Cacbon-C: nhit lng ta ra-34150kj/kg,chim t 50-95%
kl nl, t l C cao th nhit lng cao,kh chy
-Hydro-H:nhit tri:144500kj/kg,d chy,chim 2-4% trong
than,trong du nhiu hn
11/15/2012 19
TRI
-Lu hunh-S:tn ti trong NL 3 dng:hu c,khong cht-
chy c, dng sunfat khng chy c,to thnh
tro,x(vd:CaSO4,MgSO4,FeSO4),chim cao nht 7-8%
nl than ,3-4% du,kh 0%.nhit tri thp =1/3 ca
C.TPc hi ,n mn kl ,vng c nhit thp nh b
sy kk,hm nc..,tc hi mi trng do tng nhit
ng sng nn to thnh axit sunfuric.
-Nito:khi nlchy nhit cao th N chy c,tao ra oxit
nito,nh hng mt. chim 0,5-2,5% nl hu c.Thng
coi N l tp khng chy.
-Oxy: thng kt hp vi H,C trong nl nn lm gim nhit tr
Mc du qui c l chy c.
11/15/2012

20
b/Nhng cht khng chy c:tro,m
-m W: tn ti trong nl 3 dng:-m b mt,-m mao dn,-m
tinh th.
qui c m lm vic W
lv
: l gim khi lng ca mu
nl khi sy 105C,trong mt kk c m 60%,v t=20C.
m l tp c hi do tiu tn nhit lng khi nl chy v lkt vi
lu hunh to ra axit
-Tro A; l tp khng chy c th rn,qui nh l t l
phn cn li khi t nl rn 800C,lng 500C.Tro gm
2 phn ; tro ngoi-t ln vo nl,tro trong c trong tp
nl. tro ca du madut 0,2-0,3%,than 15-30%.Tro
tc dung xu do gim nhit lng ca nl,mi mn tb

11/15/2012 21
TRI
c./Nhng cch biu th tp nl:-tp lm vic , -tp kh, -tp chy
C
lv
=(Gc/G).100% ,-H
lv
=(GH/G).100%...
C
k
=[Gc/(G-GW)].100%(tp kh ca cacbon)
C
c
=[GC/(G-GW-GA )].100%(tp chy ca C)
Vi G- KL nhin liu,-GC-KL cacbon,- GW-KL m,-GA- KL tro
Cng thc chuyn i gia 3 loi tp xem bng 1-1,tr.15- vd
2/ TP cng ngh ca NL: Gm tp cht bc v cc
-Cht bc V: l kl mt i khi nung nng nl trong k khng c
kk 800C trong 7 pht,phn cn li l cc v tro.tp cht
bc l cc kh hydro,cacbua hydro,,COnl non cb
nhiu,d chy,ngn la di.cb>25%- d chy,cb<17%
kh chy.Than vn l antraxit,na antraxit,gy kh chy.

11/15/2012 22
TRI

Cc: l tp chy c th rn,cc c th dng thiu kt
rn,xp nu nl cha cb va phi t 17-42%.nl cha qu
t,qu nhiu cb th cc dang bt(than vn)
- Cng thc k .nghim chuyn i tp hh v tp cn xem tr17
4-2 Nhit tr : l nhit lng Q ta ra khi t chy hon ton
1kg hay 1m
3
tc nhin liu kj/kg.kj/m
3
tc;c th o nt bng
th nghim hay tnh theo cc tp/.c 3 loi nhit tr:- nt
bom nhit lng k- Qc
b
,- nt cao Qc ,- nt thp Qt.
Hoc : nhit tri thnh phn Chy Q
c
, Ntri tp kh Q
k
, Ntr lv Q
lv

Trong cc tnh ton dng nt thp Qt
lv
-l nhit lng ta ra
khi t chy mu nl k bnh thng,nc trong spc
th hi,nu th lng th c nhit tr cao (do cha tn n
lng bc hi) lm vic Qc
lv
.
6/05/2013 23
)TRI

T nhit tr cao th nghim-bom nl- Qc
b
t than trong k
giu oxy tnh ra cc nhit tri khc
Qc
c
= Qc
b
-94S
c
-aQc
b

Qt
c
= Qc
c
-225H
c

Qt
lv
=Qt
c
[(100-A
lv
-W
lv
)/100]-kJ/kg
94S
c
- l nhit lng khi chy lu hunh v to ra axit
a-hs: tnu,t.traxit,gy a=0,001,than, du a=0,0015
hoc dng cc cng thc thc nghim ca Mendeleep tr.19
Qc
c
= 340C
c
+1250H
c
+110(S
c
-O
c
)

Qc
lv
= [Qc
c
( 100-A
lv
-W
lv
)/100]

Qt
lv
=Qc
lv
-25(9H
lv
-W
lv
)/100]-kJ/kg
rn,lng:Qt
lv
= 339C
lv
+1030H
lv
+109(S
lv
-O
lv
) -25W
lv
nlkh:Qt
lv
=126CO+1O8H2+355CH4+636C2H6+913C3H8..

6/05/2013 24
*.Nhin liu qui dn:
E= Qt
lv
/29300
Qt
lv
ca nl bt k; Qt
lv
than tiu chun =29300kJ/kg
4.3.Phn loi nhin liu t xem ti liu tr 20-22
4.4. Cc phn ng chy,lng khng kh cn thit v sn
phm chy
chy l p hh gia cc tp nl v oxy,(oxy c trong kk).mun
chy th nl phi t nhit cn thit ( ci,g -300C,than
bn 225C,than nu- 600C,than -300-350C,antraxit -
650-700C du m-580C)
Da vo pt chy tnh lng kk cn thit cho qu trnh
chy v lng sp chy sinh ra
A/ NL rn,lng: tp chy c l C,H,S, c phn ng chy :
6/05/2013 25
TRI
1.Phn ng chy:
C: C + O2->CO2+Qc
C +0,5 O2-> CO +Qc1 v CO+ 0,5 O2+Qc2
H: H2 +0,5 O2-> H2O + QH
S: S +O2 -> SO2 + QS
2.Tnh lng kk cn thit: C+O2-> CO2
1 kmol C+ 1kmolO2-> 1 kmol CO2
12kg C + 32 kg O2-> 44kg CO2
Nh vy cn t 1kg C phi cn 32/12=2,67 kg O2
Tng t t 1 kg H cn 8kg O2,1kg S cn 0,7 kg O2
6/05/2013
CHNG I:KHI NiM
CHUNG
Nh vy t chy 1kg nl c tp C
lv
,H
lv
,S
lv
c ngha phi
t chy (C
lv
/100) kg C,(H
lv
/100)kg H
2
,(S
lv
/100)kgS th
cn lng O l:
[(C
lv
/100).1,866+(H
lv
/100).5,6+(S
lv
/100).0,7] m
3
tc O
-Trong khi trong 1kg nl c sn ( O
lv
/100) kg O hoc
(22,4/32). ( O
lv
/100) m
3
tc O -> lng oxy cn a thm
vo t chy 1kg nl l
V
O
O2

=1,866(C
lv
/100)+ 5,6(H
lv
/100)+ 0,7((S
lv
/100)-
0,7((O
lv
/100) -m
3
tc
-Trong kk O chim 21%theo ttch nn lng kk va
t chy hon ton 1 kg nl lV
o
kk = V
O
O2
(100/21)

6/05/2013 27
401036 CHNG I:NNG LNG
MT TRI
6/05/2013 28
MT TRI
2.Tnh lng kk cn thit;
lng oxy trong kk=21%
-> V
o
kk=V
O
O2

(100/21)
=0,0889(C
lv
+0,375S
lv
) +0,2H
lv
-0,0333O
lv
-m
3
tc*
hoc dng ct kn: V
o
kk=a(Q
lv
t

+W
lv
)/1000 - m
3
tc/kgnl
Vi a= 1,07-1,10 than,du; a=1,15-1,20-kh
Thc t lng kk cp cho qt chy cao hn lng kk l
thuyt tnh trn.T s =Vkk/ V
o
kk gi l h s kk
tha, theo kn =1,05-1,1 vi nl lng v khi, =1,15-1,25
t than phun ;=1,3 v 1,5 khi t than don,than cm
trn ghi xch;l th cng =1,4-1,5.-> Vkk= .V
o
kk

.3.Thnh phn ,th tch,entanpi ca sn phm chy
a/ thnh phn spc: Khi nl chy hon ton vi lng kk va
=1,spc gm kh CO2,SO2,H2O,N2.
Khi chy vi >1 cn c CO v mt s kh cha chy ht
nh H2,CH4,CmHn
b/ Th tch spc
b-1. khi chy hon ton =1th tch spc
V
K
o
=V
RO2
o
+V
N2
o
+V
H2O
o
=V
o
kkho
+V
H2O
o

Trong V
RO2
o
: th tch ca kh CO2 v SO2
VN2
o
- tt ca khi nito;-VH2O
o
tt ca hi nc
Cc tt khi tnh theo cc cng thc tr.25
6/05/2013 29
6/05/2013 30
MT TRI
b-2. Khi chy hon ton vi >1 c tnh theo trng hp
nh trn v trong spc cn d 1lngcc kh chy nh sau
VK=(V
RO2
o
+V
N2
o
) +(V
O2
+V
N2
)+( V
H2O
o
+V
H2O
)=
V
O
kkh
+(-1).V
o
kk
+V
H2O
=V
kkh
+V
H2O
Cc i lng ca cng thc tnh theo cc cng thc tr.26
b-3 . Khi chy khnghon ton >1 lc trong khi cn cc
cht kh cha chy ht
*c/Xc nh h s khng kh tha qua tp spc =1/[1-(V/Vkk)]
Vi Vkk- th tch kk thc tVkk= Vkkh(N2/79) , V Th tch
kk tha V =Vkkh(O2/21);
N2,O2 TP th tch ca O,N trong kh kh(Vkkh).
N2=(VN2/Vkkh).100%; O2 =(VO2/Vkkh).100%;
6/05/2013 31
MT TRI
CHNG I:KHI NiM
CHUNG
Thay O2 v N2 vo ta c
=1/[1-(V/Vkk)=1/[1-(79/21)O2/N2]
Khi chy hon ton th :RO2+N2+O2=100%
->=1/[1-(79/21)(O2/[100-(RO2+N2)]
Khi t chy khng hon ton tr27
d/Entanpi ca spc v khng kh: trong qt truyn nhit trong
LH th as khng i nn nhit lng trao i bng s
thay i entanpi.Entanpi ca spc do t 1kgnl
Ik=I
o
k +(-1) I
o
kk
I
o
k- entanpi ca khi khi t chy hon ton 1kg nl ct1-31
I
o
k=VRO2
o
(Cp.t) RO2+VN2
o
(Cp.t)N2+VH2O(Cp.t)H2O
I
o
kkentanpi ca khkh khi t chy hon ton vi =1,ct1.32

6
/
0
2
0
1
3
32
MT TRI
Tm tt:
1.Nhit tr:
-nl rn,lng: Qt
lv
= 339C
lv
+1030H
lv
+109(S
lv
-O
lv
) -25W
lv
nlkh:Qt
lv
=126CO+1O8H2+355CH4+636C2H6+913C3H8+
2.Lng kk lt:
nl rn ,lng: V
o
kk=0,0889(C
lv
+0,375S
lv
) +0,265H
lv
-0,0333O
lv

nl kh: V
o
kk=0,0476[0,5CO+0,5H2+2CH4+(m+n/4)CmHn-O2]
Vkk= .V
o
kk
3.Entanpikhi:
I
o
k=VRO2
o
(Cp.t)RO2+VN2
o
(Cp.t)N2+V
o
H2O(Cp.t)H2O
I
o
kk=V
o
kk(Cp.t)kk
Ik=I
o
k +(-1)I
o
kk

6
/
0
2
0
1
3
33
4 0 1 0 3 6 C H N G I : N N G L N G
M T T R I

Tm tt: 4.Tt khi:
VK
o
=VRO2
o
+VN2
o
+VH2O
o
VK=V
0
k+(-1).V
o
kk +V
H2O

-nl rn, lng:

V
RO2
o
=0,01866(C
lv
+0,375S
lv
)

VN2
o
=0,008N
lv
+0,79V
o
kk
V
0
H2O=0,112H
lv
+0,0124W
lv
+1,2G
ph
+0,0161Vkk
o

V
H2O
= 0,0161(-1)Vkk
o

-nl kh:
V
o
RO2=0,01[CO+CO2+CH4+CmHn] VN2
o
=0,01N2+0,79V
o
kk
V
o
H2O=0,01[H2+2CH4+H2S+(n/2)CmHn+0,012dk+0,0161V
o
kk ]
dk- m nl kh ;=1,2-1,4-nl rn;=1,1-1,25- nl lng,kh [3]
6
1
3
34
4 0 1 0 3 6 C H N G I : N N G L N G
M T T R I

B. Nhin liu kh sch.
V.Cn bng nhit v hiu sut TBLH
1.Phng trnh cn bng nhit ,nhit lng c ch v sut
tiu hao NL
1-1 Phng trnh cn bng nhit
Qdv=Q1+Q2+Q3+Q4+Q5+Q6
Qdv-l nhit lng a vo LH khi t chy 1kg nl
Q1 - nhit lng c ch,l nhit lng truyn cho mc
Q2,Q3,Q4,Q5,Q6-cc loi tn tht nhit ,xc nh bng t n
Q2: bay theo khi;Q3:,chy o ht v ha hc;Q4,: chy oht v
c hc;Q5,:ta nhit ra mt ;Q6: tn tht theo tro x .
Qdv=Q
lv
t +Inl+Ikkn+Qp-Qk

6/05/2013 35
MT TRI

Tnh: Qdv=Q
lv
t +Inl+Ikkn+Qp-Qk
Inl-Entanpi ca nl nhit vt l ca nl n nl a vo l
tnl
Inl =Cnltnl
vi Cnl-nhit dung ring trung bnh ca nl nhit tnl
Ikkn nhit lng do kk sy nng bng ng. nhit bngoi ,1-36
Qp- nhit lng do hi dng phun nl vo
Qp=Gp(Ip-2500) kj/kg
viGp,Ip-K lng v entanpi ca hi
Qk- nhit lng c mt khi nl l du
Thng ly Qdv=Q
lv
t

-6/05/2013
9
up736
MT TRI
CHNG I:KHI NiM
CHUNG
2.Nhit lng c ch,hiu sut nhit v sut tiu hao nhin
liu
Q1=(1/B).[D
i
i]
-B- sut tiu hao nl=lng nl t trong 1h-kgnl/h
D
i
-Sn lng mc sx trong 1h-kg/h
i- tng entanpi ca mc t nc cp n trng thi mc
-Hiu sut nhit ca l hi= t l gia nhit lng c ch
vi nhit lng a vo
=Q1/Qdv = [Dii]/BQdv =100-(q2+q3+q4+q5+q6)%
-> B= [Dii]/ Q
lv
t

-kgnl/h

6/05/2013 37
MT TRI
5.2 Cc loi tn tht nhit
1.Tn tht do chy khng han ton v c hc Q4,q4
L tn tht do chy khng ht nl rn.Q4-kj/kgnl hoc
q4-=(Q4/Qdv).100%.Nhin liu kh,lng Q4=0
Tnh Q4 cho nl rn: Q4=Q4
b
+Q4
x
+Q4
l
Q4
b
-tt do nl chy cha ht bay theo khi;/ Q4
x
-tt do nl chy
cha ht ln vo trong x-/Q4
l
-tt do nl chy cha ht lt
xung ghi l
Q4=(32600/B)[ (Kb/100)Gb)+ (Kx/100)Gx)+ (Kl/100)Gl)]
Kb,Kx,Kl- t l % nl chy b tn tht theo khi,x ,lt q ghi
Gb ,Gx,Gl - khi lng cht rn gm c phn chy c
bay theo khi,theo x, lt qua ghi trong 1h,-kg/h;B-nl
dng 1h,-kgnl/h.
-
;
38
C th tnh Q4 theo kinh nghim:
Q4=32600[ abKb/(100-Kb)+ axKx/(100-Kx)+ alKl/(100-
Kl)]A
lv
/100
32600 kj/kg l nhit tr ca cc cht chy c trong tro,x.
Kb,Kx,Kl- t l % nl chy b tn tht theo khi,x,lt
Kb=100-Ab Kx=100-Ax Kl= 100-Al
Ab,Ax ,Al -l t l tro x trong cht rn bay theo khi,ln vo
tro x, hoc lt qua ghi,%,xc nh bng thc nghim.
ab ,ax ,al- cc h s kinh nghim ph thuc vo cch t v
loi nl ,ab+ax+al=1
-t than phun,thix kh ab=0,9; ax=0,1;
-t than phun thi x lng ab=0,3-0,4;ax=01;
-t ghi ab=0,2,(ax+al)=0,8.

6/05/2013 39
MT TRI

2.Tn tht nhit do chy khg hon ton v ha hc Q3,q3
L tn tht do kh chy cn trong khi khi ra ng khi,lkh
CO,H2,CH4..,biu thi:kj/kgnl hoc q3=(Q3/Qdv.)100%
Q3 khng ln,t than phun q3=0,5%,t theo lp =1-
4%,t nl lng,kh q3=1-3%
-Khi t nl rn,lng kh st CO l ch yu nn c th tnh
q3 theoCO: Q3=Vkkh(126.CO).(1-q4/100)
Q3= [233(C
lv
+0,375S
lv
)CO]/(RO2+CO)(1-q4/100) ,kj/kgnl
Cng thc kinh nghim: q3=3,2CO
-tnlkh:Q3=Vkkho[126CO+108H2+358CH4+QCmHn.CmHn]
.(1-q4/100) ,kj/kgnl
Q3 ph thuc :,loi nl,cch hn hp nl,hnh dng v kch
thc bung la,nhit bla.

- -
6/05/2013

40
MT TRI
3.Tn tht do khi thi mang ra ngoi Q2,q2
y l phn nhit lng c nhit cao do khi thi mang
ra ngoi. Q2=(Ith Ikkl)(1-q4/100) kj/kgnl
q2=(Q2/Qdv)100%
Ith entanpi ca khi thai /Ikkl- entanpi ca kk lnh avo
Cc yu t nh hng q2: nhit v ca khi thi.
Hp l th gim q2: -nl khi,lng =1,05-1,15;-nl rn
bung la phun =1,15-1,25;-bung la ghi =1,3-1,5
Nhit khi thi t2 tng th q2 tng (t2 tng t 12-16C th
q2 tng 1%),nu t2 gim th tn b mt tn,n mn tb do
S to axit.Chn t2=110-150C cho l cs ln t2=200-300
C cho l cs nh,q2=15-20%.

o 1 gi l E

6/05/2013 41
MT TRI
Tnh nhit khi thi theo cng thc kinh nghim:
- L hi ng la t2-tn=10,08D0/H-54,5C
- L hi ng nc t nm t2-tn=6,65D0/H+5C
- L hi ng nc t ng t2-tn=6,65D0/H-45C
- tn- nhit bo ha ; D0-sn lng nh mc ca l hi, H-
din tch b mt truyn nhit
4.Tn tht ra mi trng xung quanh Q5,q5
Tn tht q5 l do cc chi tit l hi nng hn mi trng xung
quanh.q5=0,5-3,5,%; q5 ph thuc cs,din tch mt tip xc
vi mi trng.C th dng cc cng thc tnh truyn nhit
tnh q5.Thng s dng th kinh nghim
q5=f(D0),Q5=f(BQ1) Hoc cng thc kinh nghim:
q5=q05(D0/D),%
-
6/05/2013 42
MT TRI
6/05/2013 43
MT TRI
5.Tn tht nhit do thi tro,x Q6,q6
Tn tht q6 khng ln,ch tnh cho nl c A>1,5%,Hoc thi x
lng,
Q6=ax(Alv/100)Cxtx ;
-vi t
x
- nhit x thi,/thi x kh t
x
=600-700C thi x lng
ly cao hn n nng chy ca tro x l 100C,ly
khong 1400-1500;Cx- nhit dung ring tro x =0,8-1,2
kj/kg- ; ax- t l tro ri theo x -tnh bng thc
nghim.
q6=Q6/Qdv.100%
6/05/2013 44
MT TRI

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