တကၠသိုလ္စိန္တင္ - အိုဘယ့္အေနာ္ရထာ

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Myanmar Cupid Myanmar Cupid Myanmar Cupid Myanmar Cupid t wGufpmkduf t wGufpmkduf t wGufpmkduf t wGufpmkduf- -- - gdchaos gdchaos gdchaos gdchaos
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Myanmar Cupid www.myanmarcupid.net

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wwfynmrsm;udkaumi f;pGmt oHk;cswufMujci f;jzpfonf/onft xJrSmaA' i f
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bmomwGi fvnf;t xdkuft avsmufawGU&Sd&onf/wefMwpf0g' rSmt dEd, wdki f;
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r\ pGrf;t i fowdwdkhudk&, lcHpm;NyD;rdrdwdkhbk&m;oci ft m;ylaZmfaomt usi fhudk
usi fhBuHjci f;jzpfonf/
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, me*dkP f;\ Ak' usi fhpOfrsm;ut vGefcufcJeufeJaejci f;jzpfonf/bmoma&;
usi fhpOfwdkUuem;rvnf;Edki fat mi faxGjym;vSonf/ay;xm;aomwm0efwdkUu
rvdkufemEdki fat mi fwi f;usyfonf/ xdkt cgwGi fr[ m, me*dkP f;rSyk* dKvft csdKU
onf, i f;odkUaomt usOf;t usyft cuft cJwdkUrSxGufaygufudk&SmMuonf/
xdkxGufaygufqdkonfum;...t b, fenf;.../
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usrf;cdki fESi fhbk&m;a[ myrm&yfwnfvmEdki favonf/
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qJyk*HEkdi fi HawmfodkUrac:yi fhacsa&mufvmavonf/
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vmMuonfudkawGU&\ /onft , l0g' rsm;0i fa&mufvmyHkrSmwpfoD;wpfjcm;
vnf;&Sdonf/ aygi f;pnf; vnf;vmonf/ odkUESi fht csdKUa' orsm;t , l0g'
t csi f;csi f;t a&ma&mt aESmaESmjzpfukefonfvnf;&SdcJhavonf/
ordki f;wpfapmi furl r[ m, meAk' bmom*dkP f; ESi fhqefUusi fbufjzpfaom
ax&0g' *dkP f;Ak' bmom0i frsm;uvnf;xdkt csdefuoa&acw&mESi fhyk*HEdki fi H
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awmi fydki f;]]0l;*sm&wD}}e, ft ajcpdkufaomorwd, *dkP f;jzpfonf/orwd,
*dkP f;0i ft csdKUonfvnf;jrefrmEdki fi HodkU0i fa&mufvmNyD; t jcm;*dkP f;rsm;ESi fh
a&maESmvIyf&Sm;chJao;onf/
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rsm;udkajrvSef &SmaomfrSrawGUEdki faomt csdefyg/onft csdefonfumvAk'
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rSrazmfEdki fat mi f}epfajrmvGi fhyg aeMuavonf/
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vrf;}}uav;udkwi fjyrSjynfhpHkygvdrfhrnf/Ak' a*gwrjrwfpGmbk&m;oufawmf
xi f&Sm;&SdpOfuaemi ft cg ]]t &dr' em}}[ kvnf;aumi f;? ]]yk*HEdki fi Hawmf}}
[ kvnf;aumi f;xi f&Sm;wGi f&pfrnfh a' oodkha' opm&DMuGcsDcJhonf/
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nDawmf&Si f t meEmt &Si fjrwfwdkUonf]]wefhMunfhawmf}}ay:&yfwefUoDwi f;
oHk;Mu\ /
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v, f&Sdudki f;cGMum;wGi fvQmESpfcGESi fhzGwfow0gwpfaumi faygi fyi f&i f;&Sda&
t dki fpyfzm;wpfaumi f0yfaeonfudkawGh&\
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Mum;cJhonf/
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, ckavmavmq, ft cdkuft wefUwGi fum;yk*HEdki fi Hawmf\ t ajct aeonf
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vkyfMuonf/ omrefAk' bmom0i fwdkUusi fhBuHjrJjzpfaomi g;yg;?&Spfyg;ESi fh
q, fyg;oDvwdkUudkolwdkUrusi fh/ olwdkUa&;qGJxm;aomusrf;pmt &]usi fh0wf
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t &nf;BuD;wkdUucGi fhvTwfaomft jypfrSvTwfNyD[ kqdkonf/
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jzpfaeygvdrfhrnf/
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vdkufemusi fhBuH&eft oi fh/omrefqi f;&Jom;jynfolwkdhudkrqdk;xm;ygESi fh?yk*H

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t &nf;BuD; udk, fawmfjrwf wdkUrSm]t qDoefUoefUudkpm; ?t om;aumi f;
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rmwk*grrsm;ESi fhui f;uGm raeEdki fbl;xi fyg&Jh/ &[ ef;ausmi f;t wGi f;rmwk
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cdki fcdki frmrm&SdzdkU?onf&mxl;uav;rSaemuf&mxl;jri fhjri fhuav;odkUvSrf;Edki f
zdkU?aemuf&mxl; uav;rSm&mxl;BuD;BuD; wpfckoydwf0i ft dwf0i f&Edki fzdkU

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aomufMu&Sd&ygvdrfhrnf/r, Hkr&SdMuESi fh/
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, lchJonf/ &Si fbk&i fwdkUvkyfenf;vkyf[ efwdkUjzi fhbmrSrod/wu, frod/

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a, mi fwdkUxHOD;wdkuf&rnf/ bk&i fri f;w&m;onf t &nf;BuD;wdkh\ t aE0g
bduwynfhBuD;jzpfvm&rnfom/ t &nf;BuD; bk&m;rsm;xHuyf qk, lqk
awmi f;jyKovm;jyK&Jh/ rEmefawGawmi f;? *gxmawGawmi f;?t i f;a&awG
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**********


o oo o
o oo o
r rr r
r rr r
d dd d
d dd d
k kk k
k kk k
i ii i
i ii i
f ff f
f ff f
; ;; ;
; ;; ;
u uu u
u uu u
a aa a
a aa a
w ww w
w ww w
m mm m
m mm m
i ii i
i ii i
f ff f
f ff f
; ;; ;
; ;; ;
q qq q
q qq q
d dd d
d dd d
k kk k
k kk k
a aa a
a aa a
e ee e
e ee e
o oo o
o oo o
m mm m
m mm m
. .. .
. .. .
. .. .
. .. .
v vv v
v vv v
l ll l
l ll l
w ww w
w ww w
p pp p
p pp p
f ff f
f ff f
a aa a
a aa a
, ,, ,
, ,, ,
m mm m
m mm m
u uu u
u uu u
f ff f
f ff f

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apmi f]t ed&k' g}[ ka&;xdk;Muonf/ wGi f;oi f;&mZ0i fopfurI]t Ek&m"}&Gmudk
pm;&aomaMumi fh]t Ek&m"ri f;om;}bJGhcHonf[ kazmfjyonf/
yk*HEdki fi Hawmfri f;(55)qufpdk;pHcJh\ / , i f;ri f;qufrsm;wGi ft aemf&xmri f;
w&m;onf(42) qufajrmufri f;jzpfonf/ onfri f;um; yk*HEdki fi Hordki f;\
pmrsufESmopfukdcyf&J&JzGi fhvSpfcJholvnf;jzpfonfa&SUodkUcsD&rnfhc&D;udkrwdrf;
rapmi f;at mi fyJhudki f vrf;nTefEdki fcJholvnf;jzpfonf/ yxrEdki fi HawmfBuD;udk
pnf;&kH;wnfaxmi fEdki fcJhaom]ol&Jaumi f;t mZmenf}wpfOD;vnf;jzpfayonf/
onfwGi far;p&m&Sdyg\ /omoema&mi f0garS;rSefuG, fyaeaomEdki fi Hawmf?
yef;OD;vTwfylaZmfyGJrsm;udkNcdrfhNcdrfhoJusi f;y t , l0g' wdrf;apmi f;aeaomEdki fi H
awmf?pD;yGm;a&;?vlrla&;?t kyfcsLyfa&;rSt pt zufzufwGi ft EkwfvuP mjy
aeaomEdki fi Hawmf/ onfEkdi fi Hawmfwdk;wufaomt awG;t ac:ESi fhacwf
ajymi f;bk&i fwpfyg;ub, fodkUay:vmchJovJ.../
onfar;cGef; t wGufajzp&mt aMumi f;jycsufawGursm;pG/ odkUaomft vG, f
wpfulaumufumi i fumajzvdkuf&kHrQESi fhjynfhpHkaomt ajzudk&vdrfhrnf
r[ kwf/xdkUaMumi fht enf;i , fjzi fhpum;vufwH&Snf&ygvdrfhrnf/

yk*Hordki f; udkat mufajcuudki fvIyfrnfht aemf&xmri f;om;\ t aMumi f;rSm
pdwf0i fpm;p&myg/ eef;yvi fay:odkUwufvSrf;vm&aomolUb0wGi fca&mi f;
vrf;wrQMurf;wrf;chJonf/ri f;om;b0wGi fjy emt axGaxGudk&i fqdki fcJh&
onf/t cuft cJrsm;pGmudkausmfei f;cJh&onf/
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rsufemudkvSefawmhrnfqdkvQi folUacwfolUt cg\ Edki fi Ha&;t ajct aeudk
vnf;odxm;zdkUvdkayvdrfhrnf/onfawmht aemf&xmri f;apmeef;rwufrD
apmapmydki f;uri f;qufwpfquf?ESpfquf?oHk;av;quft xdjyefvnfarQmf
MunfhMu&at mi f.../
c&pfESpf (991) ckESpfuuGrf;aqmfausmi f;jzLri f;eef;wuf\ / onfri f;\
rdbk&m;rSaemi fwGi ft aemf&xmapmudkzGm;jri fcJhonf/uGrf;aqmfausmi f;jzLri f;
rSmyk*Ha&Teef;wGi f(39)qufajrmufri f;jzpf\ t drfedrfhrSmt aeMumcJholjzpf eef;
&awmh?onfri f;w&m;\ t oufawmfrSm(58)ESpf&SdNyD/eef;r&rDt drfedrfhpHc&D;
0, fuGrf;aqmfri f;\ b0rSmqi f;&Jyi fyef;vSonf/ ]t &dyfvmrSmudkaeylu
apmi fh}qdkjci f;rSm&Si fbk&i frjzpfrDuolb0rSmaeylpyfcg;wGi ft NrJoGm;vmaecJh
& jzpf\ /
t &yf&yfodkUvnfh uGrf;rsdK;aumi f;aumi f;&Sm0, fNyD; bk&i fheef;awmfodkUydkU
quf&onfrSSmolwm0efjzpfavonf/ uGrf;aqmfri f;rSmri f;rsdK;ri f;EG, fppfppf
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ri f;udkpavi acG;ri f;uvkyfBuH eef;vkpOfuwefeufri f;\ rdbk&m;wpfyg;
onft xuft nma' o ausmi f;jzLt &yfodkUajy;vTm;ykef;at mi f;&onf/yg&Sd
vmaomudk, f0efudk0efudkxdkt &yfrSmyi frD;zGm;&\ /odkUESi fhausmi f;jzLri f;om;
udkarG;zGm;cJhonf/
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olUudkuGrf;aqmf(uGrf;qufol)t jzpfwm0efay;\ wpfaeUaomfri f;avmi f;
ay:rnf[ kyk*Haejynfawmfwpf0Srf; t kwfat mfaomi f;wi f;jzpfonf/ uGrf;
aqmfausmi f;jzLri f;onft rsm;enf;wlri f;avmi f;udkMunfh&efyk*Ha&Teef;awmf
\ eef;&i fjyi fodkUjri f;pD; oGm;cJh\ /

a&S;b0uukodkvfuHyJvm;/ xl;qef;aomBuHKBudKufrI wpfckayvm;/ ri f;
avmi f;Munfh&efvmMuaomjynfolwdkUonfuGrf;aqmfausmi f;jzLri f;om;udk
]ri f;avmi f;}t jzpft odt rSwfjyKvdkufNyD; aumi f;csDMobmay;Muavonf/
vuf&Sdpdk;pHaeaomanmi fOD;apm&[ ef;ri f; onfjynfolwdkUt kwfat mi f;
aomi f;wi f;jzpfaeonfudkMum;&\ / onfwGi f eef;OD;rSxGuf arQmfMunfh
onf/ xdkpOf0, fri f;w&m;onfeef;OD;rSOD;pkdufus ewf&GmpH&Smonf/uGrf;
aqmfausmi f;jzLri f;onf jynfolwdkUay;aomri f;avmi f;&mxl;udkvufcHNyD;
c&pfESpf(991)ckESpfwGi fuGrf;aqmfri f;om;eef;&chJNyD/
**********
ewf&GmpH&Smaomanmi fOD;apm&[ ef;ri f;onfnDt pfroHk;azmfudkrdzk&m;ajrSmuf
cJh\ /ajrmufjyi frdzk&m;?awmi fjyi frdzk&m;?t v, feef;rdzk&m;...ponfjzi fh/
ajrmi fjyi frdbk&m;rSmanmi fOD;apm&[ ef;ri f;ESi fhom;orD;r&Sd/awmi fjyi frdzk&m;
rSom;awmf]ri f;om;usnf;pdk}udky#doaE9v ESi fhusefcJhonf/ t v, feef;
rdzk&m;rSom;awmf]ri f;om;pkuaw;}udky#doaE6vESi fhusefcJhonf/
uGrf;aqmfjzLri f;eef;&aomt cgt xufygrdzk&moHk;ygpvHk;udkqufvuf
rdzk&m;ajrSmufonf/xdkt cgajrmufjyi frdzk&m;rSc&pfESpf(1014)ckESpfwGi f
]t aemf&xm}ri f;om;udkzGm;jri fcJh\ /, ckt cgwGi fuGrf;aqmfausmi f;jzLri f;\
rdzk&m;oHk;yg;pvHk;rSmom;awmfudk, fpDESi hfjzpfaeMuonf/anmi fOD;apm&[ ef;
ESi fhudk, f0ef&chJaomusnf;pdk;ESi hfpkuaw;ri f;om;wdkhrSmt &G, fa&mufMuNyD/
ri f;om;wdkUwyft yfaomynmawGudkoi fMu\ / "m;ckwf?vSHxdk;?ppfqi f?
ppfwufynmawGudkpepfwusoi fMum;wwfajrmufMuonf/
odkUESi fhri f;om;ESpfyg;onf t pG, fwazG;azG;[ efa&; wjyjyjzpfaeMuNyD/t
awmi ft vufpHkvmaomri f;om;ESpfyg;onfrdrdwdkUpGrf;&nfudkjzpfonfhenf;
jzi fhjyEdki f&eft csdefaumi f;udkapmi fhaeMuNyD/
usnf;pdk;ESi fhpkuaw;ri f;om;ESpfyg;onfrdrdwdkUpGrf;&nfudkjy&ef]ypfrSwf}udk&Sm
Muavonf/t oufuESpfq, f0ef;usi f?&JaoG;uav;uw<u<uESi fh?wdkuf
csi fcdkufcsi fjzpfaeaomonfri f;om;ESpfyg;onf]ypfrSwf}udkawGUygNyD/olwdkU

awGUaomypfrSwfum;?yaxG;awmfaombk&i ft dkBuD;]uGrf;aqmfausmi f;jzL}ri f;
w&m;ygyJ/
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jzwfMuonf/t ouf58ESpfueef;wufchJaomuGrf;aqmfri f;onfxdkt csdefu
t ouf78ESpf&SdNyD? eef;pnf;pdrf udkt ESpf20 rQw0BuD;cHpm;cJhNyD;NyDvnf;jzpf
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yi fonfbk&i ft dkBuD;udkeef;ay:rS' &GwfwdkufqGJcs&efri f;om;i , fESpfyg;wdkUu
MuHpnfMujci f;jzpfrnf/bk&i ft dkBuD;onfrdrdwdkUudkrnfodkUrQjyefvnf ckcHum
uG, fEdki fpGrf;&Sdrnfr[ kwf/' gudkvnf;ri f;om;ESpfyg;wdkht uJcwfrdMuonfrSm
{uefrkcsygyJ/
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av;pm;MunfndKaomjynfolwdkuenf;yg;ygvdrfhrnf/aocgeD;rS&dum, lae
aomt bdk;t dkBuD;?ocFsKdi f;odkUajcwpfzufvSrf;aecsdefrSmavmuDpnf;pdrfudkt m
omwi rf;i rf;jzpfaeaombk&i ft dkBuD;/onfvdkyi fyk*HjynfolwdkUujri faeay
vdrfhrnf/
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vGi fuav;awGukdae&mray;oi fhbl;vm;/ okdkUyk*HjynfolwdkhuawG;awmMu
ygvdrfhrnf/onfawmh.../
usnfpdk;ESi fhpkuaw;ri f;om;ESpfygonf&vmaomt cGi fht a&;udkaumi f;pGmt
oHk;csEdki fMuonf/uGrf;aqmfri f;udkeef;yvi fay:rS]jzKwf}csNyD;wefcdk;t mP mt
&Sdeft 0gawG]&kyfodrf;}vdkufygawmhrnf/ri f;om;ESpfyg;onfyk*HNrdKhjyi fwpfae
&mwGi f&[ ef;ausmi f;wpfaqmi fudkaqmufvkyfonf/xdkUaemufrdrdwdkU&[ ef;
ausmi f;t vSLudkMunfndKo' gyGm;vSnfhyg[ kuGrf;aqmfri f; udkavQmuf\ /
bk&i ft dkBuD;onfa&SUaemufajrmfac:rpOf;pm;?rSL;rwfawGESi fhvnf;rwdki fyi f/
ri f;om;ESpfyg;yi fhac:&modkUt vG, fyi fxGuf<uoGm;avonf/
t oi fhaqmufNyD;aomausmi f;awmfodkUa&mufMuaomt cgri f;om;ESpfyg;
onfuGrf;aqmfri f;udkNcdrf;ajcmuf &[ ef;jyKaponf/ri f;t dkMuD;um;]ausmcs

cH&rSyi f"m;jy}rSef;od&NyD/onft ajct aea&mufrSrnfodkUrQrwufEdki fawmh/
qefhusi f&kef;uefaeygvQi fri f;om;ESpfyg;vufcsufjzi fhwrvGefb0odkUqdki f;r
ygAHkrqi fhbJvGi fh&csdrfhrnf/uGrf;aqmfri f;w&m;rSmt ouf&Spfq, feD;NyDqdkay
rnfhvlolwdkU"rwmvlUb0rSmaecGi fh&orQaecsi fao;onfaygh/
t ajct aeESi fht csdeft cgudkaumi f;pGmem;vnf[ ef&Sdaomxddkri f;w&m;onf
&[ ef;0wfudkrji i f;ruG, fNcHKvdkufavonf/ usnfpdk; ESi fhpkuaw;ri f;om;
ESpfyg;wdkUum;acwfpum;ESi fajym&vQi f]aoG;xGufoH, dkr&Sdaomt mP modrf;
yGJ}wpf&yfudkat mi fjri fpGmusi f;yEdki fvdkufygNyD/
**********
yk*HEdki fi Hordki f; udkjyef vSefMunfhvQi fonfvdkt mP modrf;yGJawGrSmaxGjym;
qef;Mu, fvSonfawmhr[ kwf/vGefavcJhNyD;aomab;avmi f;awmfbdk;avmi f;
awmfbk&i fri f;t qufqufudkyJMunfhOD;awmh/ onfvdkEdki fi Hawmft mP mudk
vkyfMuH&, lcJhaom t a&;t ci f;rsm;rSmwpfcsdefr[ kwfwpfcsdefay:cJhzl;onf/
MunfhygOD;/ pavi acG;ri f;onfwefeufri f;udkjri f;acs;wGi f;xJhodkUwGef;csNyD;
eef;yvi favSum;rsm; udkat ;aq;pGmvSrf;wufcJh\ /jri f;udkt vGefcspfaom
wefeufri f; onfarmi fri , fwpfOD;ESi fht wlnOfht csdef jri f;wi f;ukyfodkUvm
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jri f;acs;wGi f;odkUwGef;csvkyfMuHcJhonf/ wefeufri f;ewf&GmpHaomfeef;yvi f\
t mP mudkodrf;ydkuf&efudprSmt vGefvG, fulcJhayonf/
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BuD; jynfolwdkUudknSi f;qJaom?jynfolwdkUuvnf;rMunfndKaompavi acG;
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a&uefawmfodkUa&muf&Sdvmaompavi acG;ri f;w&m; udkri f;rIxrf;wdkUua&
uefxJodkUwGef;csypfMu\ / xdkUaemuf &THUEGHrsm;jzi fhwpfa, mufwpfvufypf
aygufMuonf/
odkUESi fhpavi acG;ri f; onfa&uefxJrSmyi fewf&GmpHcJhonf/ onfri f;um;
wefeufri f;t m;rdrdvkyfMuHcJhovdkyi fwlaomt usdK;udkay;NyD;]&mZ0i fa<u;}qyf

vdkuf&avonf/pavi acG;ri f;\ xD;eef;udkom;awmfodef;cdkri f;uqufcH\ /
odef;cdkri f;vnf;vkyfMuHcH&NyD;ewf&GmpH&jyefonf/ awmvdkuf0goemBuD;aom
odef;cdkri f;onfwpfaehwGi fawmxJrsufpdvnfvrf;aysmufoGm;\ /
odef;cdkri f;onfocGm;, mci f;wpfckodkUa&mufoGm;\ /qmqmESi fhocGm;oD;awG
cl;pm;rdonf/, mci f;&Si fawmi folBuD;awGaomfydki f&Si fray;aomocGm;oD;udkcdk;
pm;&ovm;[ kjypfwi fBuDrf;armi f;?odef;cdkri f; uvnf;]i g&Si fbk&i fyJ}qdkaom
rmefrmejzi fhei fyJi qjyefajymonf/a' goBuD;aomocGm;, mci f;&Si fawmi fol
BuD;onf]&Si fbk&i faombmaomnmaomaqmfomaqmf}[ kMuHK;0g;umvufxJ
rSt qi foi fh&Sdaomwl;&Gi f;jym; jzi fhodef;cdkri f;udk&dkufonf/ &kduforSt csuf
aygi f;rsm;pGmrnSmrwm&dkufyg\ / odkUESi fh]q' efqi fri f;oci f?qi fjzLrsm;&Si f?
a&TwGi f;ai GwGi f;y, i f;' kwm&wemckESpfyg;wdkU\ t &Si f}bk&i f{u&mZfri f;onf
ocGm;oD;cdk;pm;rIjzi fh, mci f;xJr&IrvSewf&GmpH&avonf/
onfjzpf&yfudkaemufrSa&mufvmaomjri f;cHrIxrf;uawGU\ /udk, fusdK;MuD;
enf;ygNyD/&Si fbk&i frSm&dkufowfcHvdkuf&vdkUjzi fhao&SmNyD/onft rIomrdrdudk
ywfvmvQi fjri f;cHrIxrf;t oufawmhzufESi fhxkyfxm; vnf;oufomrnf
r[ kwf/onfawmhjri f;cHut BuH&onf/w&m;cHvdkvufyl;vufMuyfzrf; eef;
awmfodkUjyef&efBudK;pm;rnf/c&kvnf;t qHESi fhjri f;cHvnf;t BuHESi fhygyJ/
jri f;cHrIxrf;uawmi folBuD;udkajymonf/]]&Si fbk&i fawmhewf&GmpHygNyD/
&Si fbk&i fudkowfaomolonf&Si fbk&i fvkyf&ygvdrfhrnf}}...wJh/b, favmuf
rsm;acwfrDaomt qdkt rdefhygvJ/vurmodkUvla&mufaom, aehvdkacwfBuD;
rSmurmwpf0Srf;jzpfwufaomZmwfvrf;udkyk*Hacwfujri f;cHrIxrf;uvrf;p
xGi fcJhonf[ kqdkvQi fyi frSefavrvm;/
awmi folBuD;uvnf;wu, fhudk]ajrcspfol}, mvkyfom;yg/rdrd, mci f;udkypf
cGm jzi fhb, fa&TbHka&Teef;udkrSrpdk;pHvdk[ kji i f;onf/onfwGi fjri f;cHrIxrf;u
&Snf&Snfuav;ajym&\ /]]&Si fbk&i fqdkawmhwpfEdki fi HvHk;udkt kyfpdk;&onf/onf
omajruav;wpfuGufESpfuGufawmht ao;t zGJygyJ/onf, muGufawGudk
vnf;ydki fNrJydki f&rnf/wjcm;, muG, fawGudkvnf;ydki f&rnf/rdef;rawGt rsm;
BuD;udkrdzk&m;ajrSmufvdkUpnf;pdrft oG, foG, fudkrNi D;wrf;cHpm;&onf/

aemufrsm;rSrajymr&SdESi fh/&Si fbk&i fvkyf&aomt &omudkwpfcgcHpm;&vQi fwpf
oufvHk;t onf;pGJoGm;awmhrnf/t J...&Si fbk&i fudkowfNyD;rS&Si fbk&i frvkyfcsi f
bl;qdk&i fawmhbk&i fudkowfrIESi fht jypfay;cH&vdrfhrnf}}onfvdkyi fajcmufwpf
cgacsmhwpfvSnfhESi fhhjri f;cHuajym\ /awmi folBuD;udka&Teef;awmfodkkUt ygac:
oGm;onf/eef;awmfodkUa&mufrSrSL;rwfrsm;ESi fhrdzk&m;rsm;\ oabmwlnDrIt &?
awmi folBuD;onfanmi fOD;apm&[ ef;ri f;bGJU, l yk*Ha&Teef; udkpDk;pHavonf/
]bkef;&Si f?uH&Si f?wl&Gi f;jym;&Si f}awmi folBuD;ri f;\ eef;yvi fodkUcsDonfhc&D;
um; odkU SES, fvG, fygbd/
xdkodkUxdkES, f t mP modrf;yGJawGt qufrjywfjzpfyGm;chJaomyk*HEdki fi Hawmf
usnf;pdk;ESi fhpkuaw;wdkU\ t mP modrf;yGJonfvnf;t vG, fwulyi fNyD;qHk;cJh
onf/t rsm;odMuNyD;jzpfonfht wdki f;ygyJ/bk&i fBuD;onfwdwfqdwfpGmjzi fheef;
yvi fudkausmcdki f;oGm;&&SmNyD/
**********
uGrf;aqmfri f;udk&[ ef;ausmi f;odkUydkUvdkufNyD;aemufusnf;pdk;ri f;om;onfyk*H
a&Teef;udkodrf;jrefavonf/ eef;yvi fudkvkyfBuHpOfut wlygaomnDawmf
pkuaw;udkt drfa&SUeef;rSmpHaponf/ pkuaw;ri f;om;uvnf;aemi fawmfudk
ae&mxm;yg\ / wpft lwHkqi f;nD;&i f;t pfudkr[ kwfayr, fh?t arnDt pfrarG;
r[ kwfvm;/ zat wlrat uGJt pfudkawmfolusnfpdk;ri f;\ op mudk&kdaopGmcH
avonf/
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av;em&Dt aysmft yg;jzi fht csdefukefavonf/eef;yvi ft wGuft m;udk;p&mnD
awmfpkuaw;&Sdonf/nDawmfut ppt &m&muGyfuJpDrHvdrfhrnf/rdrdu0go
emBuD;aomt rJvdkufjci f;jzi fht csdefjzKef;rnf/
usnf;pdk;ri fonfcsi f;wGi fe, fwpf&dk;wGi f, m, DwJeef;rsm;aqmufonf/onf
ri f;wJudkA[ dkjyK awmvdkufaysmfyg;cJhonf/ ori faygaomcsi f;wGi f;awmrSm
usnf;pdk;ri f;t wGuft rJvdkuf t aysmfqHk;ae&mjzpfcJh\ / AefUusDq, fwdkuf
a' orsm;rSmyk*Hri f;usnf;pdk;\ t rJvdkufawmBuD;jzpfawmhonf/, rumav;

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t "dym, fudkt us, fzGi fhMunfh&efpOf;pm;aerd\ /nDvmcHudkqufvufusi f;y
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vTwfvdkufNyD}}
ri f;om;onfb, fvufwGi fqkyfudki fxm;aomt &dErmvSHudkpkuaw;ri f;
w&m;xHodkUcsdef&i fajymvdkufonf/pkuaw;ri f;w&m;rSmeHeufapmapmwGi f
yi faoi , faZmESi fhacR;ap;awGjyefaeygNyD/ri f;w&m;\ wpfudk, fvHk;rSmewfyl;
onfhES, fqwfqwfwkefae\ /apmapmut aemf&xmri f;om;udkvSHjzi fhxdk;&ef
BudK;pm;wkef;uonfvdkr[ kwfygvm;/ckudk, fcH&rnfht vSnfhusawmhbk&i f
ri f;w&m;ao&rSmaMumufovm;/
cGi fhvTwfMuygbd/vlonfvlrQomwnf;/&Si fbk&i fvnf;vlrQomwnf;/onf
awmholwpfyg;udkowf&efMudK;pm;wkef;urnfodkUyi f&JpGrf;owd&Sdygap...udk, f
ao&rnfht vSnfhusawmhaojci f;w&m;udkpdk;&GHUygvdrfhrnf/xdwfvefUygvdrfh
rnf/wkefvIyfjci f;MuD;pGmjzpf&ygvdrfhrnf/
t aemf&xmri f;om;onft &dErmvSHudkt &Sdefjyi f;pGmypfvTwfvdkuf\ /
pkuaw;ri f;&i f0qDodkUwnfhwnfhBuD;pl;0i foGm;onf/vSHonfri f;w&m;\
&i f0rS0i f ausmrSaygufxGufoGm;onf/pkuaw;\ &i f0rSaoG;pdrf;&Si f&Si f
rsm;yef;xGufvmonf/rjri f0hHp&mjri fuGi f;wpf&yfygyJ/
pkuaw;ri f;w&m;onfaot Hrl;rl;wGi fjri f;ZufMudK;udkwi f;usyfpGmqkyfudki f
xm;&i ft oHeufMuD;jzi fhpl;pl;0g;0g;at mf&Smonf/ri f;w&m;\ at mfoHudkMum;
aomfolUjri f;onfxdwfvefUMuD;pGmjzi fhygoGm;oluZmwfodrf;raumi f;&Sm
aompkuaw;ri f;w&m;/
t aemf&xmri f;om;onfaemi fawmfri f;w&m;\ aemufqHk;t csdefudkai ;Munfh
ae\ /pkuaw;\ aemufqHk;t csdefudkai ;Munfhae\ /pkuaw;\ aot Hhrl;rl;
at mfoHrSmem;xJodkUpl;0i foGm;onf/&i femp&mjri f;uGi f;wpf&yfr[ kwfvm;/

i , fpOfuwnf;uupm;azmfjzpfcJhaomaemi fawmf.../t arnDt pfrrSarG;zGm;cJh
aomwpf0rf;wnf;omuGJao;onfhaemi fawmf.../
rdrd\ r, fawmfrdzk&m;BuD;udkcrnf;awmf\ &[ ef;ausmi f;rSt "rodrf;, loGm;
onfhaemi fawmf.../, ckawmhaemi fawmf\ t avmi f;udko, faqmi foGm;aom
jri f;onfwjznf;jznf;ESi fha0;oGm;ygNyD/pkuaw;\ jri f;onf]jri f;uyg}
acsmi f;pyfqDodkUOD;wnf r&yfrem;ajy;ae\ /
acsmi f;urf;ygodkUa&mufaomt cgt &SdefvGefNyD;jri f;a&mvlygacsmi f;xJodkUxdk;
usoGm;awmhonf/jri f;uygacsmi f;a&onfpkuaw;ri f;w&m;\ &i frSxGuf
usvmaomaoG;wdkUjzi fhjci f;jci f;eDoGm;onfrSmrjri f0Hhp&m/
yk*HEdki fi Hawmfudk25ESpfwmrQpdk;pHoGm;cJhaompkuaw;ri f;w&m;\ b0ae0i f
csdefum; ES, ft qHk;owfcJhNyD/xdkt csdefwGi ft a&SUbufrdk;aumi f;ui faevHk;
eDeD&J&JBuD;jri fhwufvmae\ /t aemf&xmri f;om;onfaemi fawmfpkuaw;
ri f;\ t avmi f;ESi fhjri f;ygacsmi f;xJodkUxdk;usoGm;onfudkai ;arQmfMunfhrd\ /
cP MumrSjri f;ZufudkqGJvSnfhvdkufonf/t aemf&xmri f;om;\ jri f;onf
eHeufci f;aea&mufjcnfat mufwGi fvSvSyyajy;aeygNyD/
pkuaw;ESi fht aemf&xmri f;om;wdkU\ pDcsi f;xdk;yGJonfcP rQaomt csdeft
wGi f;NyD;qHk;oGm;\ /bmrQrMumaomt csdeft wGGi f;0, ft kyfpdk;olbk&i fwpfyg;
onfb0ed*Hk;csKyfcJhNyD/
ordki f;uawmi f;qdkaeaomvlwpfa, muf\ b0pmrsufESmudkvnf;pwi fzGi fh
vSpfcJhNyD;jzpfyg\ /
**********



w ww w
w ww w
p pp p
p pp p
f ff f
f ff f
a aa a
a aa a
o oo o
o oo o
G GG G
G GG G
; ;; ;
; ;; ;
w ww w
w ww w
p pp p
p pp p
f ff f
f ff f
o oo o
o oo o
H HH H
H HH H
w ww w
w ww w
p pp p
p pp p
f ff f
f ff f
r rr r
r rr r
d dd d
d dd d
e ee e
e ee e
f ff f
f ff f
U UU U
U UU U
E EE E
E EE E
S SS S
S SS S
i ii i
i ii i
f ff f
f ff f
h hh h
h hh h
E EE E
E EE E
d dd d
d dd d
k kk k
k kk k
i ii i
i ii i
f ff f
f ff f
i ii i
i ii i
H HH H
H HH H
a aa a
a aa a
w ww w
w ww w
m mm m
m mm m
f ff f
f ff f

t aemf&xmri f;om;onfjri f;uyg;acsmi f;xdyfrSae yk*Haejynfawmft jyi f&Sd
crnf;awmf\ &[ ef;ausmi f;odkUjri f;udkOD;wnf ESi fhcJUonf/, ckt cgwGi frdrd
t zdkUt a&;wBuD;xrf;aqmi f&rnfhwm0efwpf&yf&Sdaeonf/eef;usbk&i f
crnf;awmfudkyk*Ha&Teef;wGi fjyef wi fay;&efjzpfayonf/
acsmi frScyfa0;a0;odkUt a&mufwGi fjri f;&xm;wpfpD;armi f;vmonfudkawGU&
\ /zkefwaxmi f;axmi f;xaeaomvSnf;vrf;aMumi f;jri f;&xm;onfwpfpHk
wpf&mt a&;MuD;vmonf[ efcyfjrefjrefyi farmi f;vmonf/jri f;&xm;ay:
wGi fygvmolut aemf&xmri f;om;\ r, fawmfajrmufjyi frdzk&m;/
, ci fuuGrf;aqmfbk&i fMuD;\ rdzk&m;jzpfcJhaomajrmufjyi frdzk&m;rS, ckt cg
wGi fpkuaw;w&m;\ rdzk&m;jzpfaeygNyD/rdzk&m;onfMui f, mawmfpkuaw;
ri f;ESi fhom;awmft aemf&xmwdkU\ pDcsi f;xdk;yGJowi f;udkt csdefvGefrSMum;od
onf/onfawmhom;awmf\ t oufab;t E&, ft wGufpdk;&drfwMuD;jzpf&
\ /
pkuaw;ri f;w&m;rSmvufeufvlolt i ft m;jynfhpHkolr[ kwfvm;/om;awmf
t aemf&xmri f;om;rSmt i ft m;enf;ol/xdkUaMumi fhom;awmf\ t oufab;
t E&, fudkt vGeft ri f;pdk;&drfrdonf/onfwdkufyGJudkrjzpfat mi fwm;rSqDrSjzpf
awmhrnf/

odkUESi fhyi frdzk&m;BuD;onfri f;ESpfyg;wdkUpD;csi f;xdk;&ma' oodkUt ajy;t vTm;
vdkufvmcJhonf/rDrsm;rDygao;vQi fvi fudkvnf;awmi f;yefrnf?om;udkvnf;
wm;qD;rnf[ laom&nf&G, fcsufESi fh/
wdkufyGJjyeft aemf&xmri f;om;\ jri f;ESi fhr, fawmf\ jri f;&xm;wdkUonfvrf;
aMumi f;wGi fqHkrdMuNyD/rdzk&m;BuD;onfri f;om;udkjri faomf&xm;xufrSrsuf
&nfpufvufESi fhajy;qi f;vmonf/rdzk&m;rSmom;aZmESi fhrdkht 0wft pm;zdk
z&J?&i f0wfyi frygvm;/
]]om;awmf..vkvi f...om;awmf..vkvi f&, f}}
rdzk&m;onfjri f;ay:rSom;awmfudkvufurf; MudKvdkuf\ /ri f;om;ujri f;
ay:rSmckefqi f; r, fawmf\ ycHk;udkzufxm;avonf/]]r, fawmfzk&m;pdwf
at ;csrf;omESi fha&Teef;awmfodkhjyefygawmh?om;awmfrSmr, fawmf\ aus;Zl;
jzi fhab;roD&efrcyg}}r, fawmfrdzk&m;BuD;rSmom;awmfudkab;roD&efrcawGU
& pdwfat ;oGm;&\ /
t aemf&xmri f;om;onfr, fawmfrdzk&m;udkESpfodrfhcJhNyD;aemufcrnf;awmf\
&[ ef;ausmi f;odkUc&D;qufcJhonf/&[ ef;ausmi f;xJhodkUri f;om;\ jri f;0i f
vmonfESi fh&[ ef;t dkBuD;onfausmi f;ay:rSajy;qi f;vmonf/
t aemf&xmri f;om;onfjri f;ay:rSmckefqi f;vdkuf\ /NyD;awmh&[ ef;t kdBuD;\
ajcawmft pHkudkajy; zuf&i f;ajrMuD;rSm' l;axmufcsvdkufonf/]]aemi fawmf
pkuaw;ri f;w&m;uG, fvGefcJhNyD../crnf;awmfri f;w&m;omyk*Ha&Teef;udk
odrf;jref;pdk;pHygawmhbk&m;...}}
eef;usbk&i ft dkMuD;onfom;awmf\ at mi fyGJowi f;udkMum;aomfauseyft m;
&pGmjzi fhMudKqdkavonf/olonfom;awmfri f;om;\ vufudkqkyfudki f rwf
wyf&yfapvdkuf\ /om;awmf\ acgi f;udkbk&i ft dkMuD;uvufjzi fht omt , m
oyfay;aeonf/
om;awmfu yk*Ha&Teef;udkodrf;jrefygawmh[ kvmt yfaomt cgbk&i ft kdMuD;
onfacgi f;udkcyfjznf;jznf;cg, rf; jyonf/ olUrsufvHk;t drfrsm;rsuf&nf

rsm;jzi fhjynfhae\ /onfwpfMurfwGi fawmh0rf;omaomrsuf&nfrsm;yi fjzpfay
vdrfhrnf/
]]crnf;awmfrSmt &G, fvGefNyD?t dkri f;rpGrf;&SdcJNyD?yk*Ha&Teef;udkom;awmfyJodrf;
jref;pdk;pHygawmh?Edki fi Hawmfuom;awmfudkt vdk&SdaeNyD...}}
uGrf;aqmfri f;MuD;uEdki fi Hawmf\ vuf&Sdt ajct aersm;udkom;awmft m;cyf
wdkwdkyi f&Si f;jyayonf/yk*HEdki fi HawmfrSmt zufzufu, dk;, Gi f;ysufpD;aeonfh
t csdef/Edki fi HawmfonfEdki fi HjyKri f;wpfyg;udkt momqEjyi f;jypGmawmi f;qdkae
NyD/onfri f;rSmom;awmfrSvGJ wjcm;r&Sd/jynfolwdkU\ t i ft m;udkwpfpkwpf
kH;wnf;pnfkH;Edki fat mi fMudK;pm;?NyD;awmhEdki fi Hawmfwdk;wufzGHNzdK;a&;vkyfi ef;
rsm;udkwuft m;orQaqmi f&Gufayawmh...crnf;awmfum;t &G, ft kdygNyD/
ri f;om;onfcrnf;awmf\ t qdkt rdefhrsm;udkdkaopGmem, l&\ /crnf;awmf
\ t aMumi f;jycsufrsm;uvufcHEdki fzG, f&mjzpfygonf/crnf;awmfay;t yf
aomwm0efESi fh0w&m;wdkUudkpOf;pm;Munfhaomfus, f0ef;vS\ /BuD;rm;vS\ /
0efxkyf0efydk;uao;i , fonfr[ kwf/onfwm0ef?onf0w&m;ESi fh0efxkyf
BuD;i , fwdkUudkrdrdwpfOD;wnf;odrf;MuHK;xrf;aqmi f&efawmhb, fvdkrSrjzpf/
odkUaomfjynfolUt m;udk, l&rnf/jynfolwdkUudkpnf;kH;rnf/jynfolwdkUESi fh
t wlrdrdpdwfqE&SdaomEdki fi Hawmfudkjzi fhxlaxmi f &Edki faumi fyg&Jh/
xdkt csdefuGrf;aqmfausmi f;jzLri f;\ &[ ef;ausmi f;0efusi fodkUpkuaw;ri f;
w&m;\ eef;wGi f;t rIxrf;wdkUpHkpHknDnDa&muf&SdaeMuNyD/olwdkUonfpkuaw;
ri f;w&m;ESi fht aemf&xmri f;om;wdkU\ pD;csi f;xdk;yGJudkt pt qHk;jri fNyD;MuNyD
jzpf\ /odkUESi fhyk*Ha&Teef;&Si fopfudkOD;nTwfMudKqdk&efpkHk;vsuf&SdaeMujci f;jzpf
onf/
eef;wGi f;t rIxrf;wdkUum;rsm;vSpGm\ /0efMuD;0efi , fawGr;BuD;rwfBuD;awG?
ppfolBuD;rsm;NrdKh0efNrdKht kyfrsm;?uvef?oHysi fESi fht jcm;t rIUxrf;rsm;ponf.../
t aemf&xmri f;om;onfonft rIxrf;aygi f;pHkESi fht wlyk*Ha&Teef;awmf&Sd&m
odkUjri f;pD;&i f;csDwufcJhonf/crnf;awmfbk&i ft kdBuD;t wGufrlt ppt &m&m
jynfhpHkat mi fpDpOf;ay;cJh\ /crnf;awmfudkyk*HEdki fi Hawmf\ &[ ef;ri f;t jzpf

wi fajrSmufay;rnf/NyD;awmhri f;wdkUt aqmi ft a, mi frsm;t rIxrf;rsm;?ae&m
xdki fci f;rsm;udkjynfhpHkat mi fay;&rnf/crnf;awmfudk&[ ef;ri f;t jzpft m;vHk;
u0dki f;0ef ae&mxm;Mu?av;pm;dkaoMu?t ppt &m&mvdkt yforQaqmi f
&Gufay;Mu/
t aemf&xmri f;om;onfyk*HEdki fi Hawmf\ 42qufajrmufbk&i ft jzpf odkUpdk;
pHcJhonf/wyfysufwGi fAdkvfvkyf&onfhES, ft aemf&xmri f;w&m;\ eef;pHouf
t pwGi fawGUMuHK&aomjy emawGursm;pG/b, fup b, fvdk&Si f;&rnfqdk
onfudkawG;yi frawG;0Hhp&m/us, f0ef;vSonf/axGjym;vSonf/
Munfhyg/Edki fi Hawmft wGi f;t awG;t ac:t , lt qvGJrSm;aeaomjynfolrsm;/
olwdkUudk;uG, faeMuaomt &nf;BuD;&[ ef;rsm;ESi fhwynfhajcmufaomi f;
jy em/NyD;awmhwpfqufwnf;aqmi f&Guf&rnfuw&m;Oya' pdk;rdk;a&;ESi fh
Edki fi HNi drf0yfydjym;a&;vkyfi ef;rsm;.../wpfqufwnf;vkyfaqmi f&rnfujynf
olwdkU\ edrfhusaeaompD;yGm;a&;?ynma&;t ajct aersm;udkt jrpfrSmawmfvSef
ajymi f;vJa&;.../NyD;awmh?NyD;awmh..., dk, Gi f;ysufpD;aeaomEdki fi HwGi f;t jcm;t
a&;t ci f;rsm;/
wu, fqdkvQi ft aemf&xmri f;w&m;eef;wufpt csdefuyk*HEdki fi HawmfrSmajym
yavmufat mi fus, f0ef;onfr[ kwf/armfuGef;ausmufpmwdkUwGi f]wr' Dy
wdki f;}[ kac:a0:nTef;qdkcJhMuaomajrvwfa' owpf0dkufomvQi fjzpf\ /
xdkacwft aemf&xmri f;w&m;\ yk*HEdki fi Hawmfudk, ckacwfyx0Dt aet xm;
ESi fhMunfhaomf]uom?rEav;?rdwDvm?ausmufqnf?ppfudki f;&rnf;oi f;?
yckuL?rauG;?ri f;bl;}wpf0dkufcefUom&Sdayvdrfhrnf/vufeufEdki fi HawmfMuD;
xlaxmi f&eft wGufrSm rQaome, ft us, ft 0ef;onft ao;t zGJrQomjzpf
aeavonf/
, ckt cgwGi fyk*HacwfvufeufEdki fi HawmfMuD;udkwnfaxmi f&efri f;w&m;
onfpdwfMuHHkyJ&Sdygao;onf/olUwGi ft i ft m;r&Sdao;/t i ft m;qdk&mvuf
euft i f;t m;?vlt i ft m;?ESpfrsdK;pvHk;jzpfonf/t xl;ojzi fhum;vlt i f;t m;
vdkonf/t aemf&xmri f;w&m;arQmfrSef;aomEdki fi Hawmfudkwpf&pfpDwnf
aqmuf&ef&J&i fhxl;cRefaomwyfom;aumi f;awGvdkaeonf/onfwyfom;

aumi f;awGudkyxrpnf;Hk;ay;Edki frnfh]vufkH;&nfESvHk;&nf}ydki f&Si fxdyfwef;
acgi f;aqmi frsm;udk&Sm&ayvdrfhrnf/
pxGufuwnf;uudk, fht m;udk, fudk; odkUwdk;xGufcJh&aomt aemf&xm
ri f;w&m;wGi fnmvufkH;ozG, ft m;udk;t m;xm;jyK&rnhf&Jabmfr&Sd/rdrd
t wGuft oufpGefU wm0efxrf;ygrnfqdkonfhulnDEdki frnfh]aoG;aomuf
&Jabmf}t enf;i , fudkawmhri f;w&m;onft i ft m;pdkuf &Sm&efvdkaeonf/
onfawmht aemf&xmri f;w&m;bmvkyfovJ/ri f;w&m;t wGuf&Jabmfppfppf
vdkonf/rdrdESi fhvufwGJ wufnDvufnDcsDEdki frnfhwu, f&Jabmfppfppfudk
omvdkcsi faeonf/olwdkUudkb, fvdkac:rvJ/acgi f;aqmi fyJac:ac:?pnf;Hk;
a&;orm;yJqdkqdk?ol&Jaumi f;awG[ kyJt rnfwyfcsufwyfEdki fygonf/t a&;
BuD;onfut aemf&xmri f;w&m;ESi fhwpfpdwfwpf0rf;wnf&SdMuzkdUyJjzpfonf/
ri f;w&m;arQmfrSef;aomEdki fi HawmfMuD;udkwnfaqmuf&efyxrt qi fhwGi fbm
vkyfrvJ../t a&;BuD;qHk;uEdki fi HawmfO, smOfBuD;aygufaeaomt zsufaygi f;
yi fawGudk&Si f;&rnf/
t xufut MudrfMudrfazmfjycJhonfht wdki f;ygyJ/Edki fi Hawmfudkt zufzufu
aESmuf, SufzsufqD;aeMuaombmoma&;t , lonf;orm;rsm;ESi fholwdkU\
aemufvdkufawGudkt vsi f&Si f;&ygvdrfhrnf/
NyD;awmheef;wGi f;udkMunfhygOD;/&Si fbk&i fudknmpm;aeaomr;BuD;?rwfBuD;?0ef
BuD;rsm;ESi fhri f;rIxrf;awGu' keJa' ;/olwdkUaemufuawmht wvGefuJ arm[
zHk;aeaomjynfolrsm;/
Edki fi HawmfopfudkomwnfjyKrnfqdkvQi fonfjrufyi faygi f;yi fawGudkcg;
awmi fusdKuf &Si f;&rSmyg/aygi f;awGjrufawGqdkvdkUt xi frao;ESi fh/vG, f
vG, fESi fhcyfayghayghoGm;udki fvQi fusdK;vdkUvSHacGoGm;vdrfhrnf/&Si f;olyi frao
vQi fuHaumi f;yJ/
bmjzpfvdkUvJqdkawmhonfjrufyi faygi f;yi fawGrSmt i fESi fht m;ESi fh?ql;ESi fh
aji Smi fhESi fh?ajrMuD;xJrSmaumi f;aumi f;BuD;t jrpfwG, faeNyDjzpf yg/xdkUaMumi fh
yi fonfaygi f;jrufawGudkt vsi f&Si f;&efri f;w&m;t wGuft ult nD]vl}vdkyg

rnf/rdrdudkulEdki frnfh]ol&Jaumi f;}udkvnf;&Sm&ygvdrfhrnf/onfvkyfi ef;udkt
aumi ft xnfazmfrnfqdku&ufpufwefonfudk&ufpuf?xdk;ESufp&m&SdvQi f
aemufaMumi f;udkjyefrMunfhaomwu, fol&Jaumi f;udk&Sm&rnfvnf;jzpf
onf/
' gudkem;vnf;aomt aemf&xmri f;w&m;onfol&Jaumi f;ppfonfawmfav;
OD;udk&SmazGawGU&SdcJh\ / , i f;&Jabmfav;OD;rSmusefppfom;?i axG;l;?i vHk;vuf
z, fESi fhanmi fOD;zD;wdkUjzpfMuonf/ yk*Hacwf jrefrmordki f;udkjyefvSefMunfh
aomfonf ol&Jaumi f;av;OD; onf pGrf;&nfjynfhppfom;aumi f;rsm;jzpf
aMumi f;armfuGef;wi fcH&olrsm;jzpfonf/
onfvlpGrf;aumi f;av;a, mufudkt aemf&xmri f;w&m;onfb, fvdk&SmazG
awGUcJhwmvJ.../
ri f;w&m;ESi fhvlpGrf;aumi f;av;OD;wkdUawGUcef;udkajym&vQi fpdwf0i fpm;p&m
uav;awGygvmvdrfhrnf/wu, fqdkawmht aemf&xmri f;w&m;onfvGefcJU
aomESpfaygi f;900ausmfu&Si fbk&i fyg/odkUaomfolUwGi facwfrDaomt awG;
t ac:awG?oabmw&m;awGub, fodkUb, fvdkydki fqdki faecJhonfrod/olvdk
csi faomvlpGrf;aumi f;awGudkolUenf;olY[ efjzi fh&SmazGa&G;xkwfcJhonf/
olUenf;uawmhjynfolawGxJrSmqi f; jynfolwdkUb0udkavhvm ?rdrdpdwf
MudKufvludk&Smjci f;yi fjzpf\ / onfvdkESi fhyi f ri f;w&m;onf yxrvlpGrf;
aumi f;jzpfaomusefppfom;udkawGUcJhavonf/
usefppfom;t aMumi f;udkra&;rD?usefppfom; qdkaomemrnfESi fhywfowf
ajymp&m&Sdyg/ jrefrmordki f;t qufqufwGi f]usefppfom;}t rnfESi fhywfowf
t "dym, fawGt rsdK;rsdK;zGi fhcJhonf/ ri f;avmi f; ay:rnf[ kowi f;Mum;&o
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a&m?t vSt ya&mjynfhpHk&efvnf;t a&;MuD;ygonf/
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awmi fnmpHa' 0D&SmazG&efwm0ef, l&onf/ &mZwrefuri f;w&m;udkavQmuf
avonf/

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arGUyHkowi f;rsm;Mum;&aMumi f;?a0omvDri f;orD;uav;emrnfu]yO uvsm
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awmha0omvDri f;orD;uav;acsmyHkvSyHkrSmewforD;uav;wrQyi fjzpfyg
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aomri f;roD;uav;? 101 yg;aomri f;wdkUut momqEjyi f;jypGmESi fhvuf
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[ kri f;w&m;onfpdwful;zJdkufcsi fdkufygvdrfhrnf/ ' gESi fhwpfqufwnf;pOf;
pm;p&m&Sdonfu.../
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onfawmh[ dkEdki fi HawGESi fh]a&Tvrf;?ai Gvrf;ci f&&i faumi f;aypG}qdkaomt awG;
rsdK;udkri f;w&m;&i f0, fydkufrdvdrfhrnf/, ckvnfMunfh/a0omvDESi fhqufqH
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qufqHrnf.../onfvdkEdki fi Ha&;t jri ft awG;rsdK;udkt aemf&xmri f;w&m;awG;
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ri f;w&m;ucspfMunfa&;pum;awGrSmvdkufonf/ESpfEdki fi Ha&Tvrf;ai Gvrf;ci f;
&at mi faoaocsmcsmajymcJhygav/qdkcJhygav/a0omvDjynfESi fhyk*HEdki fi Hawmf
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ausyGefpGmxrf;aqmi fyg\ / ri f;w&m;t rSmawmf&Sdovdkyk*HESi fha0omvDESpf
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pD;yGm;a&; vkyfi ef;awGvufwGJvkyf&at mi f/ NyD;awmh...NyD;awmh...orDawmf
yOuvsmP Duav;udkvnf;rdzk&m;MuD;ajrSmuf&efawmi f;cHyg&ap.../
**********
a0omvDri f;w&m;onf &mZwreft rwf \ ajci HESpfodrfhzG, faumi f;aom
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orD;acsmacsmuav; udkvnf;t ygac:oGm;Edki frnf/a0omvD\ vufaqmi f
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t wGufvnf;a0omvDri f;w&m;oabmwlcJhNyD/
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yk*Hjynfqdkwmb, frSmvJrod/yk*H&Si fbk&i fqdkwmb, fvdkykHvnfrod/onf&Si f
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rwufEdki fNyD/crnf;awmfri f;w&m;BuD;uvnf;t wi f;yi fapvTwfaeonf/
ji i f; vnf;rjzpf/rdbqdkawmhorD;awmfuav;rdzk&m;BuD;jzpfzdkUqEapmay

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&mZwrefonft pDt pOfwpf&yfudkqGJ\ /yOuvsmP Dri f;orD;uav;ESi fhyg&Sd
vmaom t a>ct &HawGudkvrf;rSmxm;&pfcJhonf/ wpf&Gma&mufvQi fwpf
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auseyf0rf;omjzpf&NyD/ ukvm;ri f;orD; acsmacsmuav;udkydki f&awmhrnf/
ESpfEdki fi Ha&Tvrf;ai Gvrf;ci f;a&;udprsm;vnf;t qi fajyawmhrnf/
bk&i fri f;w&m;onfppft *Fgav;yg;ESi fht wla0omvDri f;orDuav;udkvrf;
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av;ESi fht aemf&xmri f;w&m;wdkUwlpHkwGJumyk*HaejynfawmfodkUjyefcJhNyD/
yk*HaejynfawmfodkUa&mufvQi fum;&mZwreft rwfonfrpm;&aomt rJudk
oJESi fhywf&efMuHavonf/olut aemf&xmri f;w&m;xHavQmufwi f\ /
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orD;onf0efMuD;0efi , ft oG, foG, fudkapmi fhMuyf a>c&Hoi f;yi f;wdkUESi fhydkU
vTwfqufo&rnfr[ kwfvm;/, ckawmhorD;&i f;r[ kwfaomaMumi fht a>c
t &Hwpfa, mufwavrSrxnfhay;/ESpfEdki fi HqufqHa&;vkyfi ef;rsm;udkvnf;
b, fodkhrQvufcHraqG;aEG;bJaecJhonf/
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ukvm;ri f;orD;acsmacsmuav;udkt jrwfwEdk;ESi fhajrSmufpm;awmhrvdkh/
ukvm;ri f;orD;uav;qdkawmhESmwHay:ay:?rsufvHk;&GJMuD;rsm;ESi fh?t om;u
0i f;0i f;pdkpdk?t vSydkcsi fwdki f;ydkaevdrfhrnf/bk&i fri f;w&m;crsmonft acsm
t vSwpfwHk;wpfcJMuD;udkrSD0JNyD;NyD;vnf;jzpfawmht pGJMuD;pGJrdrnfvnf;{uef
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t qi fht wef;urdef;rysdKudka0omvDri f;orDt jzpfyddkUqufvdkufwmjzpfygu
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aumi f;pG/
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t &SufBuD;&SufoGm;avovm;rod/qHk;jzwfcsufwpf&yfudkt avmwMuD;qHk;

jzwfvdkufygNyD/]]ri f;orD;t a, mi faqmi fonfukvm;rudky&drolBuD;xHvTJ?
y&drt &yfodkUydkU e, fESi fap}}
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av;crsmrdzk&m;vuP myg;&Sm;onfxi fh/t a0;odkUvGi fh&NyD/r&drt &yfodkU
c&D;ESi f awm&yfrSmae?awmpmudkpm;?awm&dyfcdkri f;orD;uav;wpfyg;b0
odkUa&mufcJhNyD/
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w&m;wdkUZmwfvrf;udkonfhES, farmfuGef;wi fcJhonf/
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t a>ct &HrIxrf;wdkUudkvnf;aumi f;t aemf&xmri f;uaocsm*epGmppfaq;cJh
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wpf&mMudrf' P fcwfNrdKi f&yfESi fap}[ ka&S;bk&i frsm;t jypfay;MuNrJr[ kwfvm;/
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w&pyfajy;qJ/
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r, Hk?MuHKzl; yi fonfa, musfm;om;\ t aMumi f;udkod&NyD/
ri f;w&m;onf pum;pyf olUt aMumi f;udkar;&\ / aeUpOfyi fonfvdkyJ
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i ef;[ kxkdoluqdkaeonf/
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t &nft aoG;jynfhacgi f;aqmi fwpfOD;udkt aemf&xmri f;w&m;&cJhjyefNyD/
ol ht rnfu anmi fOD;zD;/
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jzpf\ /onfawmholwdkUav;OD;wGi fusefppfom;ut BuD;t uJjzpfvmonf/
wyfr;jzpfvmonf/
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cdk0i fpOfut oHk;jyKcJhNyD;jzpfonf/xdkaMumi fh]wdkufyGJ0i fjri f;?odkhr[ kwfat mi fyGJ
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aumi f;t wGufjri f;aumi f;vdkonf/
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jzpfaeonf/odkUaomfonfjri f;awG\ ausmay:wufcGi fh&a&;rSmaoab;ESi fh
rdwfqufxm;&ovdk?t aMumi f;rSmolwdkUudkb, folrSpD; r&/olwdkUausmay:
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usefppfom;ESi fhol&Jaumi f; &JabmfoHk;a, muf wdkUu {&m0wDjrpfxJrSmjcH
aqmufonf/opfom;wdki frsm;ESi fhcdki fcHaomNcH0i fBuD;jzpfonf/ a&xJrSmvkyf
xm;aomavSmi ft drfygyJ/
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aea&mufNyD/
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odkUjri f;udk, fpDESi fhwufMu\ /jri f;aumi fav;pD;udkenf;y&d, m, fESi fhat mi f
jri fcJhNyD/
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csi fp&m/ t "dym, fu jynfhjynfh00pum;vHk;uav;awGuvSvSyy?Munfhyg
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vufxkyfe, fu&SmazGzrf;pD;&cJhaomjri f;av;pD;t eufusefppfom;\ jri f;udk
]ESvHk;cGHaumi f;}[ kemrnfay;xm;avonf?i axG;l;\ jri f;udk]ESvHk;vsi fwkdi f;}?
i vHk;vufz, f\ jri f;udk]avrdk;, Ofacgi f}/anmi fOD;zD;\ jri f;udk]ESvHk;t wkr&Sd}
wJh/pdwfwdki f;usa&G;cs, fcJhaom&Jabmfav;OD; ESi fhjri f;av;pD; udkt aemf&xm
ri f;&cJhNyD/
Edki fi HawmfjyKjyi fwnfaqmufa&;t wGufri f;w&m;bmvdkcsi fovJ...b, fvdkpD
rHcsi fovJ..onfenf;ESi fhjynfolawGudkpnf;kHcsi fovJ.../onf&Jabmfav;OD;
onfri f;w&m;t wGufnmvufkH;ozG, fulnDpGrf;aqmi fEdki fygvdrfhrnf/

t aemf&xmri f;w&m;onfonf&Jabmfav;OD;udkt BuD;t uJcefU yk*Hppfwyf
udkjyefvnfzGJUpnf;onf/qi fwyfESi fhjri f;wyfudkoD;jcm;zGJUpnf;ykHjzi fht i ft m;
BuD;pGmzGJUjzpfonf/NyD;awmhMunf;wyfESi fhqi fwyf?jri f;wyfwdkhudkyl;aygi f;vdkuf
\ /odkhESi fhpnf;urf;pepfus cdki frmawmi fhwi f;aomwyfrawmfBuD;udkzGJUpnf;
Edki fcJhNyD/
t aemf&xmri f;w&m;\ wpfckwnf;aomqErSm]pnf;vHk;nDnGwfaomEdki fi H
awmfwnfaqmufa&;}/onfqEudkt aumi ft xnfazmf&ef, ckt csdeft cg
oi fh t cGi fhomaeNyD/
onfEdki fi HawmfjynfolwdkUESi fht aemf&xmri f;w&m;]wpfaoG;wnf;?wpfoH
wwnf;?wpfrdefhwnf;}&Sd&eft a&;onfra0;awmhNyD/
**********



y yy y
y yy y
k kk k
k kk k
* ** *
* ** *
H HH H
H HH H
\ \\ \
\ \\ \
t tt t
t tt t
a aa a
a aa a
w ww w
w ww w
G GG G
G GG G
; ;; ;
; ;; ;
t tt t
t tt t
a aa a
a aa a
c cc c
c cc c
: :: :
: :: :
a aa a
a aa a
w ww w
w ww w
m mm m
m mm m
f ff f
f ff f
v vv v
v vv v
S SS S
S SS S
e ee e
e ee e
f ff f
f ff f
a aa a
a aa a
& && &
& && &
; ;; ;
; ;; ;
p pp p
p pp p
p pp p
p pp p
f ff f
f ff f

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t vsi frvdk/pdwfxi fwdki f;t rdefUxxkwfonfht usi fhonfonfbk&i fr&Sd/
Munfhygavmh/
Edki fi Hawmfpnf;kH;wnfaxmi fa&;vkyfi efrsm;udkt aumi ft xnfazmf&eft
wGufbk&i fri f;w&m;onfwpfqi fhpDaqmi f&Gufonf/vuf&Sdyk*Hedki fi HawmfrSm
t xufuazmfjycJhonft wdki f;t awG;t ac:uvGJvGJrSm;rSm;?t rlt usi fhawGu
rawmfrw&m;?jynfolwdkhrSmrsufpdoli , fESi fhvrf;aysmufaeMuonfht csdef/
Edki fi Hawmfwnfaqmufa&;wGi fjynfolwdkh\ t ult nDudk&, lrnf/odkUaomf
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rSefuefwnfhrwfa&;jzpf\ /' gudkt aemf&xmri f;w&m;onfaumi f;aumi f;
BuD;oabmaygufcJhonf/
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&yfudkt qi foi fht pm;xdk;&awmhrnf/
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vkyfi efwpf&yfygyJ/onf;cHpdwf&SnfpGmaqmi f&GufrIonfbk&i fri f;w&m;\
t aumi f;qHk;]vufeuf}jzpfvdrfhrnf/
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jci f\ /t &nf;BuD;&[ ef;ausmi f;rsm;odkheef;awmfrSmt oGm;t vmuefUowfcJh
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jci f;&Sdd[ efrwlonfht rlt &mawGudkjyEdki foavmufjycJhNyD/ odkhaqmi f&GufEdki f
&efri f;w&m;t wGuft cGi fhaumi f;wpf&yfay:vmonf/
**********
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jci f;yi fjzpfonf/t m;remwrf;ajymMupdkUqdkvQi ft aemf&xmri f;w&m;\
crnf;awmfuGrf;aqmf&[ ef;t kdBuD;onft &nf;BuD;&[ ef;wpfyg;yi fjzpfyg

vdrfhrnf/odkUaomft &nf;BuD;&[ ef;csi f;wlaomfrSwlap...t usi fht rl?t ae
t xdki fuGJjym;jcm;em;jci f;&Sdyg\ /t &nf;&[ ef;qdkwdki f;wHk;wdkufwdkuf?urf;
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crnf;awmfu &Si fbk&i frvkyfcsi f[ kji i f;qdkawmhrSrdrdukd, fwdki feef;yvi fay:
odkUwufavonf/
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&[ ef;ri f;t wGufjym ' fausmi f;wpfaqmi fudkri f;w&m;uaqmufvkyfv
' gef;cJhonf/odkUaomfuGrf;aqmf&[ ef;ri f;BuD;um;uHukodkvfenf;&Smyg\ /
ausmi f;opfwGi fwpfESpfomoDwi f;oHk;&onf/vlBuD;a&m*gjzi fhuHawmfukef
&Smavonf/
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bk&i ft aemf&xmt wGuft &nf;BuD;omoemudkt jrpfrSckwfvSJ&efydk t cGi fh
t a&;&NyD/crnf;awmf&[ ef;ri f;\ rsufESmudkrQMunfh&efrvdkawmhNyD/
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ausmi f;rsm;odkUbk&i fheef;awmfrSvHk;0vrf;jzwfvdkufonf/0efBuD;awG?0efi , f
awG?ri f;rIxrf;awGrSmbk&i f\ oabmw&m;udkem;rvnf;Mu/b, fES, fhvJ?
b, fvdk&Si fbk&i fvJ/bmomw&m;r&Sd?udk;uG, f&mudkrod?t &nf;BuD;udk, f
awmfjrwfwdkhudkrav;rpm;r, HkrMunf&SdaeowJh/onfvdkyHkpHESi fhqdkvQi fbk&i f
ri f;w&m;awmhyvi fxufrSmMumMumae&rnfrxi f/b, ft csdefrSmeef;yvi f
ay:uqi f;ajy;&rvnf;rod/Munfhae?w, fNyD;Mumrnfrxi fawmh/

onfvdkvnf;pdwfxJuawG;Muonf/eD;pyfolcsi f;vnf;wdk;wdk;MudwfMudwf
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acgi f;wqwfqwfvkyf\ /t &nf;&[ ef;ausmi f;rsm;odkUacsmi f;aygufrwuf
oGm;a&mufOD;cdkufMuNrJ?udk;uG, fMuNrJjzpfawmhonf/
t &nf;BuD;&[ ef;a, mi fwdkUum; t vGefrSyg;&nfeyf&nf&SdMuolrsm;r[ kwf
vm;/t aemf&xmri f;w&m;\ ]t uJ}udkMunfhvmMuonf?]t &dyft jcnf}udkem;
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t &nf;BuD;omoem\ t cef;u@ onfae0i fcsdefodkUa&mufNyD[ kodMu\ /
wpfaeUaeUwpfcsdefcsdefrSmrdrdwdkUt m;vHk;onf' kuyi fv, faMumrSmESmacgi f;r
azmfyJarsmMuawmhrnf/onfwpfcsdefcsdefqdkonfuvnf;ra0;awmhNyD/
onfwGi ft &nf;BuD;&[ ef;wpfyg;onfrdrdwdkUomoemwnfwhHa&;t wGuft
MuHt zefvkyfavonf/bk&i fri f;w&m;\ udk;uG, frIudkjyefvnf&&efpDrHudef;
wpf&yfudkqGJonf/
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t wGufwt HhwMojzpfvdrfhrnf/ NyD;awmhbk&i fonfrdrdwdkUajcawmf&i f;rSm0yf
pi f;' l;axmufvm&vdrfhrnf/
**********
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awmhrnf/
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aemufrSquf vdkufoGm;avonf/
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a&muf&SdvmcJhonf/
**********
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t rSefuonf t E&m, frsdK;urSwdkuf&cufonf/ &Si f;&cufonf/ NzdK&cuf
onf/odkYaomfrwufEdki fNyD/ ri f;w&m;t zdkYonft Eh&, fawGudk&Si f;Edki f&efwpf
zufuAk' bmompnfyi fxGef;um;a&;udkaZmufcsNyD;vkyf&efom&Sdonf/ om
oempnfyi fvmavav?onft Eh&, fawGaysmufuG, foGm;avavjzpfrnf/
omoemyi fpnfBuD;zGHUxGm;BuD;rm;vmavavwD;wdk;0g' jzefUorm;awGavsmh
enf;oGm;avavjzpfrnf/acG;a[ mi fwddki f;xrMunfhEdki f/ t vkyfvkyfjci f;jzi fh
onf &efolawGudkxdk;ES, fwdkufzsufNyD;jzpfvdrfhrnf/ onfvdkESi fhri f;w&m;
onfAk' bmompnfyi fjyefYyGm;a&;bufodkYt m;oGefcGefpdkufqufvufvkyf
aqmi f&jyefonf/
wpfckawmht m;&Sdp&mygyJ/&Si ft &[ Hrax&fjrwfwpfBudrfurdefYMum;zl;onf/
oxHkjynfwGi fAk' a*gwr\ usrf;pmrsm;jzpfaomyd#uwfoHk;yHk&SdonfwJh/NyD;
awmhAk' bk&m;&Si f\ "mwfawmfarGawmfrsm;vnf;&Sdao;owJh/' gawGudkrdrdu
arwm&yf awmi f;cHvQi f&Edki frnf[ k&Si ft &[ HurdefYzl;\ /
ri f;w&m;uvnf;&Edki frnf[ karQmfrSef;xm;onf/onfyp nf;awGomyk*HEdki fi H
awmfodkYa&mufvmvQi f omoema&;vkyfi ef;rsm; udkonfhxufydkNyD;at mi f
at mi fjri fjri fvkyfaqmi fEdki fawmhrnf/
ckawmhMunfhygOD;/ Ak' bmomt aMumi f;ajymMurnfqdkvQi f&Si ft &[ Hrax&f
jrwfEIwfrSajymMum;orQyJ&Sdonf/ t aumi ft xnfjyp&mr&Sd/ t "dym, ft
us, fodvkd rS&SmazG&efusrf;wpfapmi fr&Sd/ Ak' bmomqdkwmjzi fh' gyJ...Ak' \
"rt qDt ESpfawGuonfvdkyJ...Ak' a[ mMum;cJhaomw&m;awmfawGuonf
rSm...ponfjzi fhjyp&mr&Sdawmhomoempnf&kH;a&;rSmwt m;enf;cJhNyD/

odkYaomfylyi fp&mr&Sd/ &Si ft &[ Hrax&fjrwfwpfcsdefurdefYMum;zl;onfht wdki f;
oxHkjynfbk&i frEl[ mxHonf t cuft cJudkwi fjy t ult nDawmi f;vQi fr
jzpfEdki fp&mr&Sd/
]]t &Si fjrwfrdefYMum;onfht wdki f; oxHkjynfodkYoHwreft zGJUrsm;apvTwf
yd#uwfusrf;pmawGudkt vSLcHyg&ap/Ak' a*gwr\ "mwfawmfarGawmfawGudk
t vSLcHyg&ap/t &Si fjrwfuonft a&;rSmwufpGrf;orQulnDyg/yk*HESi fhoxHk?
oxHkESi fhyk*H?ESpfjynfhwpfjynfa&TBudK;ai GBudK;wef; a&Tvrf;ai Gvrf;ci f; cspf
Munfa&;wHcg;udkzGi fhygrnf/ cspfMunfa&;yP mudkurf;ygrnf/ cspfMunfa&;
o0P fudkyg;ygrnf}}
**********



o oo o
o oo o
x xx x
x xx x
H HH H
H HH H
k kk k
k kk k
j jj j
j jj j
y yy y
y yy y
n nn n
n nn n
f ff f
f ff f
o oo o
o oo o
G GG G
G GG G
m mm m
m mm m
; ;; ;
; ;; ;
o oo o
o oo o
m mm m
m mm m
o oo o
o oo o
e ee e
e ee e
m mm m
m mm m
h hh h
h hh h
o oo o
o oo o
H HH H
H HH H
w ww w
w ww w
r rr r
r rr r
e ee e
e ee e
f ff f
f ff f
t tt t
t tt t
z zz z
z zz z
G GG G
G GG G
J JJ J
J JJ J
U UU U
U UU U

Ak' bmomvGrf;jcHKoi f;ysHpjyKaeaomyk*Haejynfawmfonfw&m;"roHwdkYjzi fh
pnfpnfa0a0jzpfaeygNyD/
t &yfav;rsufESmodkYMunfhvQi fri f;ESi fhjynfolwdkYnDwlnDrQvufwGJ wnf
aqmufaeaomapwDykxdk;rsm;udkjri fMu&onf/ eHeuft kP fwufwGi fbkef;
awmfBuD;ausmi f;wdkYrSt Hk;armi f;acgufoHrsm; upDpDa0a0ESi fh/aMu;pnfoHESi fh
bk&m;0wfwufoH?oHCmawmfrsm;\ w&m;"rU&GufqdkoHrsm;onfyk*Haejynf
awmfudkt vSqi faeMuonf/
Munfhyg/ wpfcsdefuyef;OD;vTwfylaZmfyGJrsm;ESi fhpnfum;aeaomyk*Hvrf;rBuD;
rSmbmawGY&ovJ/ aet kP fwufcsdef rSp qGrf;cHxGuf<uvmaomoHCm
awmfrsm;udkMunfMunfEl;El;zl;jri f&onf/qGrf;cHoHCmrsm;ESi fhqGrf;avmi f;ol
' g, um' g, dumrrsm;\ Ici f;uyi fb0i fcsrf;ajrhp&maumi f;ygbd/
wpfcsdefurmwk*grrsm;ESi fh a&maxG, Sufwi f aecJhMuaomt &nf;wynfh
&[ ef;wk&[ ef;a, mi frsm;onf wnfqJykxdk;bk&m;rsm;wGi fvufqi fhurf;
t kwfo, faeMuonf/bk&m;wnfrnfhae&mrSmajrwl;aeMuonf/opfyi fckwf
aeMuonf/
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&[ ef;ausmi f;rsm;jzpfaeNyD/&[ ef;oHCmppfppfwdkY\ vIyf&Sm;oGm;vm[ ef?
w&m;"rusi fhMuHt m;xkwfae[ efudkjri fMu&NyD/auseyfzG, faumi f;aomjri f

uGi f;?t m;&zG, f&SdvSaomjri fuGi f;?ESpfodrfhzG, ft jynfhESi fhusufoa&&SdvSaom
jri fuGi f;/
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bmom0i fwdkU"avhxHk;pHt wdki f;om;a, musmf;uav;awGudk&Si fjyKr*Fvmqi f
, i fay;&onf/ armi f&i favmi f;udkjri f;ay:wi fqdki f;awGAHkawGESi fhvSnfhvnf
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csdefuowdkYorD;udkjri f;&xm;ay:wi f t &nf;BuD;ausmi f;odkYydkYcJhaomjri f
uGi f;ESi fhwjcm;pDjzpfaeygvdrfhrnf/jri fuGi f;csi f;ujzi fhrwlygav/
t rSefqdkvQi fonft ajct aeodkYa&mufat mi ft aemf&xmri f;w&m;onft m;
oGefcGefpdkufBudK;yrf;cJhyg\ / vG, faomudpr[ kwf/ t cuft cJaygi f;rsm;pGm
ausmfvTm;cJh&aomc&D;jzpfonf/Munfhav/
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awmfjrwfwdkY\ t zGJUt pnf;/ NyD;awmhonft &nf;BuD;wdkYpnf;kH;vIHYaqmfxm;
aomyk*Hjynfolrsm;/ NyD;awmh....ewfudk;uG, foljynfolvlxk/ yxrqHk;&Si f;&
aomt &nf;BuD;t i f;t m;pkonf' kwd, t cuft cJavmufrus, fjyefY/t &nf;
BuD;wdkYudkxdef;odrf;?vufeufjzKwf?olwdkUt aqmi ft t HkawGudkz, f&Sm;/ onf
udpudkt aemf&xmri f;w&m;\ yk*Hppfwyfonft qi fhqi fhajz&Si f;ay;Edki fcJh
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t cuf?ajz&Si f; &aomt cuf?vG, faomt cuf/
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vrf;odkYOD;aqmi fac:, l&onfrSmum;wu, fht cuf/ jynfolwdkYonft kdk;pGJ
aeaombmoma&;t , lonf;rIudkvG, fvG, fESi fhrpGefYvTwf/ rdrdwdkYbdk;bGm;bD
bi fvufxufrSt jrwfwEdk;usi fhMuHt m;xkwfcJhMuaomrSm;, Gi f;onfh0g' udk
zufwG, fxm;csi fMuonf/
onft ajct aeonfajz&Si f;&t cufqHk;t ydki f;jzpfonf/ onfjy emudkajz
&Si f;&efBudK;yrf;&mwGi f ri f;ESi fhjynfolwdkYt Mum;wGi fuGm[ rIBuD;&Sdaeonf/
onfuGm[ rIudkeD;pyfEdki forQeD;pyfat mi faqmi f&GufEdki f&rnf/ &Si fbk&i fonf
jynfolwdkY\ t wGi f;pdwfoP mefudkem;vnf&rnf/ jynfolwdkYuvnf;t kyfpdk;

ol&Si fbk&i f t ay:t jyeft vSefem;vnf;rI&&Sdvdrfhrnf/ odkYrSomvQi fri f;ESi fh
jynfolwdkYt Mum;y#dyurD;yGm;udkt vG, fESi fhji drf;owfEdki fygvdrfhrnf/
rnfodkYjzpfapri f;w&m;\ BudK;yrf;rIonfwpfpHkwpfckaomt wdki f;t wmt xd
at mi fjri fcJhonf/ jynfolt rsm;wGi fyxrwGi f&Si fbk&i fESi fh&efjzpfcsi fMu\ /
rdrdwdkY\ t awG;t ac: udkzdEdSyfcsKyfcs, faomri ff;w&mt m;rauseyfMu/ odkY
aomft csdefut qHk;t jzwfay;\ / t csdefMumjri fhonfESi fht rQt aemf&xm
bk&i f\ apwemrSefonfjynfolwdkY\ pdwfoP mefudkvTrf;rdk;Edki fcJhNyD/
yk*Haejynfawmfwpf0Srf;rSewfudk, fawmfjrwfwdkY\ Adrmefeef;udkNzdK&aomt
cuft cJ uvnf;ao;i , fonfvnf;r[ kwf/ qi fvnf;qi f\ t xGmESi fh?
yk&Gufqdwfvnf;yk&Gufqdwf\ t xGmESi fh/t &nf;omoemudkNzdK&mwGi fjynfol
awGudkpnf;kH;&cufovdkygyJ/, ckvnf;]ewfor*}udkwdkufzsuf&mrSmewfudk;
uG, foljynfolvlxkt m;pnf;kH;ac:, la&;onfwu, fhr[ mt cuft cJjzpfcJh
onf/
ajym&rnfqdkvQi fewfkyfawGudkoHBudK;ESi fhcsnfNyD;ewfavSmi fausmi f;rSmaxmi f
oGi f;t usOf;xm;NyD;NyDyJ?bmvdkao;ovJ/vdkygao;onf/ ewfkyfawGxdef;
odrf;? ewfuGef;awGrD;dIY? ewf0i fonfwdkYudkzrf;qD;t a&;, ljci f;onfpi fppf
awmhkyfypnf;rsm;udkabmi fcwfay;jci f;omjzpf\ / cufoi fhoavmufrcuf
yg/jynfolvlxk\ t wGi f;pdwfoP mefwGi fcdkat mi f;aeaomewfudk;uG, frIUt
pGJt vef;udkNzdK&onfurSwu, fht cuft cJjzpfonf/
jynfolawGqdkwmut &nf;omoemudkpGefUcGmcJh&onfrSmrMumao;/, ckewf
udk;uG, frIudkbk&i fri f;w&m;uwm;qD;aejyefNyD/uefUuGufydwfyi faejyefNyD/
udk, f, HkMunfwmuav;rSudk;uG, fqnf;uyfvdkYr&awmhbl;vm;/EIwfrSxkwf
zGi fh rar;aomfvnf;&i fxJrSmonfvdkar;cGef;awGut jynfht vQH&SdaeMuvdrfh
rnf/ rauseyfcsufuav;awGudkEIwfjzi fhrajymaomfrSt rlt &mjzi fhjy?t vkyf
ESi fhqefYusi f?ckcHxdk;ESufrlrsm;u&Sdoi fhoavmuf&SdcJhMuonfrSmt rSef/
t aemf&xmri f;w&m;t zdkYum;jynfolawGudk]ZdukyfNyD;ewfjynfwi f}&ayvdrfh
rnf/jri fhw, fqdkNyD;ckefcsvQi fvnf;udk, fxdkufESi fhudk, fuHcHMuaya&mh/onf
vdkBudK;yrf;&mwGi ft i ft m;roHk;bJjzpfEdki fygut i ft m;udkroHk;csi f/xdkaMumi fh

ewfudk;uG, frIae&mwGi ft pm;xdk;Edki frnfjzpfaomAk' omoemxGef;um;a&;
udkt m;pdkufcGefpdkufBudK;yrf;&onf/
odkYjzpf yi ft aemf&xmri f;w&m;onfoxHkjynfrSyd#uwfoHk;yHkESi fh"mwfawmf
arGawmfrsm;udkt m;xm;rdonf/ yk*HaejynfawmfrSae oxHkjynf&Sd&mt aMu
a' oodkYri f;w&m;onfvnfwqefYqefYarQmfyg\ /
oxHkjynf qkdonfrSmonfbufwGi f&Sdwefaumi f;yg&JY/ Ak' a*gwr\ "mwf
awmfarGawmfawG&SdowJh/ yi fv, furf;pyfESi fhra0;awmhEdki fi Hjcm;ESi fht quf
t qH&SdowJh/ &Si ft &[ Hrax&fhjrwfrdefYqdkcsuft &qdkvQi fyd#uwfoHk;yHkusrf;
awGt pHkoHk;q, fyi f&SdowJh/ yd#uwfoHk;yHkt pHkoHk;q, fxJrS]wpfpHk}avmuf&
vQi fyi fawmfygNyD/
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a&mufvdrfhrnf/bk&i fwpfyg;t aejzi fhbkef;wefcdk;BuD;zdkY? t &Sdeft 0gjri fhrm;zdkY
t kyfcsKyfaome, fy, fus, fjyefzdkudkum;rufarmonft rSefygyJ/odkYaomfonf
t &mawGxufrufarmjrwfEkd;onfu yk*HEdki fi HawmfrSAk' bmomjynfhhjynfh00
pnfyi fxGef;um;&efyk*HEdki fi HawmfrSvufqi fhurf;ay;vdkufaomomoemhrD;I;
wdki fBuD;udkaemufvlwdkYqufvufxGef;ndSoGm;Edki f&efomjzpfyg\ /
odkYESi fht aemf&xmri f;w&m;onfyk*Hedki fi HawmfrSoHwreft zGJYwpfzGJYudkoxHk
jynfodkUapvTwf&efpDpOfavonf/
**********
yk*HEdki fi Hawmf\ oHwreft zGJUudkt aemf&xmri f;w&m;\ pdwft cs&qHk;t rwf
BuD;]ynmAv}uOD;aqmi fonf/ oHwreft zGJUacgi f;aqmi fynmAvt rwf
BuD;vufat mufwGi ft zGJYi , foHk;zGJYudkoD;jcm;zGJYpnfay;vdkufonf/ ]omoem
a&;t zGJUi , f?, Ofaus;rIUt zGJUi , f?vlrIa&;t zGJUi , f}/
t zGJYi , fwpfzGJYpDwGi foD;jcm;acgi f;aqmi frsm;yg&Sdonf/ t zGJYi , frsm;onf
rdrdwdkYwm0efydki f;qdki f&mavhvmrIrsm;udkjyKMu&vdrfhrnf/oxHkjynf\ zGHNzdK;wdk;
wufaeaomomoema&;vkyfi ef;rsm;t ajct aernfodkY&SdovJ/oxHkjynf\

jri fhrm;qef;opfaeaom, Ofaus;rIvkyfi ef;rsm;udkb, fodkYenf;, lEdki frvJ/
oxHkjynf\ ynma&;?pD;yGm;a&;?t kyfcsKyfa&;ponfvlrIa&;vkyfi ef;rsm;udk
b, fodkYrSwfom;azG&SmEdki frvJ.../
t zGJYi , foHk;zGJYonf, i f;vkyfi ef;rsm;udkxdxda&mufa&mufenf;, lrSwfom;
avhvmEdki fMurnf/ avhvmEdki forQxJrSoi fhawmforQudkyk*HEdki fi Hawmfwnf
aqmufa&;vkyfi ef;rsm;wGi ft oHk;csEdki fygvdrfhrnf/ odkYjzi fhoxHkjynfoGm;yk*H
t zGJYonf omoema&; udkOD;wnfoGm;aeonfrSefap?t jcm;aomt usdK;t
qufrsm;udkvnf; o, faqmi fvmEdki f&efri f;w&m;uarQmfvi fh\ / wpfcsuf
ckwfESpfcsufjywfr[ kwf/ wpfcsufckwfoHk;csufjywfvdrfhrnf/ omoema&;udk
OD;wnfaomyk*HoHwreft zGJYonfoxHkjynfwGi fbk&m;vnf;zl;&i f;vdyfOu
av;rsm;vnf;&SmMunfh&ygvdrfhrnf/
oxHkjynfoGm;MurnfqdkawmhonfoHwreft zGJYonfoxHkt aMumi f;udk&SmazG
avhvmMu&NyD/ oxHkjynfurEl[ mri f;?rEl[ mri f;\ oxHkEdki fi Hordki f;?NyD;
awmhoxHkEdki fi H\ yx0D0i ft aet xm;?oxHkEdki fi H\ jynfolwdkYESi fht jcm;Edki fi H
rsm;t quft oG, ft 00/xdkYjyi foxHkjynfodkYoGm;&mvrf;c&D;t qi fhqi fh?c&D;
axmufpcef;rsm;?c&D;qufpcef;rsm;ponf?onfodkYavhvm&m0, foxHkjynf
rS<uvmawmfrIaom&Si ft &[ Hrax&fjrwf uvnf;ulnDvrf;nTefyg\ /
&Si ft &[ HHyi fhac:cJhaomoxHk&[ ef;rsm;xHrSvnf;ar; jref; &onf/ oxHk
jynfc&D;onfrsm;xHrSvnf;odvdkorQar;&onf/ onfvdkavhvmawmhrSpdwf
0i fpm;zG, f&moxHkjynft aMumi f;&yfrsm;udkodvm&NyD/ oxHkjynfudk]ok0P
bkrdEdki fi Hawmf}[ kordki f;t apmi fapmi fuazmfjyonf/ onf ygVda0g[ m&udk
jrefrmvdkjyefvQi f]&wemajr}odkr[ kwf]a&Twdki f;jynf}[ kt "dym, fxGufrnf
vm;rod/ ok0P bkrdEdki fi H\ NrdKUawmfrSmoxHkjzpf\ / oxHkNrdKUawmfudkyxr
u ]&uyl&}[ kac:Muao;owJh/aemufawmh]ol"ryl&}[ kt rnfwGi fcJhonf/
aemufqHk;uawmh]oxHk}/
oxHkonf Edki fi Hjcm;wkdki f;jynfrsm;ESi fht quft qH&SdcJh\ xdkpOfuoxHkjynf
onfyi fv, furf;ajcNrdKUawmf[ kqdkMuonf/aemufaESmi f;t cgwGi fEHk;ajrrsm;
ydkYojzi fhukef;ydki f;odkYa&mufcJhjci f;jzpfonfqdk\ / Edki fi Hjcm; wdki f;jynfrsm;ESi fh
t quft qHrsm;onfqdkawmhb, fEdki fi HawGvJ.../xdkt csdefu.., ckt cg]xdki f;}

Edki fi H[ kac:aeMuaom], dk;' , m;Edki fi H}ray:ao;?, dk;' , m;onfyk*HEdki fi Hawmf
aemufESpft awmfBuD;MumrS]ri f;ESi fhjynfESi fh?xD;ESi fhpnfESi fh}jzpfcJhonf/c&pfESpf
1350-jynfhESpfwGi frSom? &mrm"dywdri f;u , dk;' , m;Edki fi Hudkwnfaxmi fcJh
onf[ kordki f;rsm;uazmfjyonf/odkYjzpf oxHkESi fh, dk;' , m;Edki fi HwkdYonfxdk
t csdefuqufqHa&;t ajct aer&Sd/
onfawmhoxHkESi fht "duxm; qufqHrnfhEdki fi HwdkYrSm, ckuar' D;, m;?
jrefrmt ac:uarmZ[ kac:aomcrmwdkYEdki fi H?oD[ dkVf(, ckoD&dvuFm)Ekdi fi HESi fh
t dEd, Edki fi HwkdYyi fjzpfonf/ t xl;ojzi fht rsm;qHk;qufqH&aomEdki fi HrSm
oD[ dkVfEdki fi HESi fht dEd, Edki fi HwdkYyi fjzpfcJhonf/
oD[ dkVfEdki fi HrSmt aemufrZdra' oac:aomt dEd, Edki fi HrSAk' bmomt arGt ESpf
udkaumi f;pGmcH, l&&SdcJhaomEdki fi Hjzpfonf/ Ak' bmomonf aemufydki f;wGi f
t aemufrZdra' ovHk;0aysmufuG, fcJhonf/ odkYaomf Ak' bmom\ t arG
aumi f;rsm;udkvufcH&&Sdxm;aomoD[ dkVfEdki fi HwGi frlAk' bmomBuD;yGm;zGHUNzdK;
aeygNyD/
oD[ dkVfEdki fi HonfAk' bmomESi fht wlt dEd, Edki fi HrS, Ofaus;rIt arGt ESpfrsm;udk
jynfhjynfh00&&SdcJhygvdrfhrnf/ onfawmhoD[ dkVfEdki fi HESi fht quft qH&SdcJhaom
oxHkjynf, Ofaus;rIxGef;um;aejci f;rSmt qef;wMu, fr[ kwfawmhNyD/
rSef;arQmfMunfhEdki fMuyg\ / oxHkjynfonfAk' bmomt arGt ESpfrsm;ESi fhbm
oma&; bufwGi fwHcGefxlaeaomEdki fi Hawmf/ NyD;awmhbmoma&;ESi fhwyg
wnf;&&SdcJhaomt qi fhjri fhrm;onfh, Ofaus;rIt arGt ESpfrsm;?t qi fhjri fhaom
vlaerIUt ajct aersm;? t qi fhjri fhaomt awG;t ac:t , lt qrsm;ESi fhodum
BuD;pGmxGef;um;aeaomEdki fi Hawmf.../
onfEdki fi HawmfonfxdkacwfjrefrmEdki fi Hawmfwpf0Srf;&Sdya' o&mZfEdki fi Hawmf
t rsm;t jym;wGi ft bufbufurEIdi f;, SOfEdki faomEdki fi HawmfBuD;vnf;jzpfyg
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t vdrfrsm;onfvnf;aumi f; oxHka&Teef; udkvTrf;jcHKay;xm;onfht Ekynm
*kP f&nfrsm;jzpfcJhavonf/
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yk*Hom;wdkYrjri fzl;aomyef;awGGyGi fhvdkU/

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pum;ajymyHkucyf0J0J/ yi fv, fESi fheD;avawmht om;t a&ujzLjzLt dt d?EkEk
nufnuf/ azmfa&GvdkufykHujzi fhajymvdkUrukefNyD/ cspfp&muav;awG?ci fri f
csi fp&muav;awG?jrwfEdk;wG, fwmp&muav;awG/ oxHkrSvmaomt aMu
c&D;onfwdkYxHrSonfowi f;pum;awGut yfaMumi f;xyfat mi fMum;cJhMuNyD/
onfawmhoxHkjynfoGm;oHwreft zGJUrSm?onfc&D;t wGufpDpOf&i f;aysmf\ /
aysmfae&i fvnf;pDpOfaqmi f&GufrIawGvkyfaeonf/
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vmaqmi f&Guf&rnfhcspfMunfa&;c&D;/odkYaMumi fhyi fvdkt yfolrSt ywjcm;vlydk
udkac:oGm;&efrjzpf/
**********
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&xmri f;w&m;u oxHkbk&i frEl[ mri f;w&m;t wGufvufaqmufyP mrsm;

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onf/Ouvmywdki f;jynfodkYa&mufaomt cgO yJcl;Edki fi HawmfodkYacw0i f
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pi fppfqdkaomO yJcl;ri f;ESi fhyk*HEdki fi Hawmfjynf&Si fbk&i ft aemf&xmri f;wdkU
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jcm;&nfrSef;csufvnf;&Sdrnf{uef/' gjzi fhonf&nfrSef;csufubmvJ.../
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onf/vkyfMuHonf/
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onfyHkESi fhqdkvQi fyJcl;aejynfawmft wGufpdk;&drfp&mr[ kwfao;/ odkYaomf
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ri f;w&m;onf rdrdt i ft m; udkw&m;vGef, HkMunfaeonf/ *Rrf;ppfonfwdkY
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ygyJ/ awmt xyfxyfudkjzwf?awmi ft xyfxyfudkausmf?jrpft wefwefacsmi f;
t wefwefudkul;&\ / awmvrf;c&D;qdkawmhusm;awGqi fawGayg\ / awm
wd&pmefawGrsm;vSonf/ odkYaomf yk*HoHwreft zGJUonfuHukodkvfvSyg\ /
t cuft cJBuD;BuD;rm;rm;rMuHK&bJoxHkjynfodkYacsmarGUpGm0i fcJhNyD/c&D;, lZem
rsm;pGmrSarQmfrSef;vma&mufcJh&aomoxHkri f;aejynfokdYyk*HoHt zGJU0i fa&muf
vmcJhygNyD/

**********
oxHkaejynfawmfudkyk*HoHwreft zGJUa&muf&SdvmaMumi f; owi f;onfrGef
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rdkYt om;awGucyfndKndK? t ylydki f;a' ouqdkawmhaeavmi fxm;aomrsufESm
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p pp p
p pp p
p pp p
p pp p
f ff f
f ff f
E EE E
E EE E
S SS S
S SS S
i ii i
i ii i
f ff f
f ff f
h hh h
h hh h
N NN N
N NN N
i ii i
i ii i
d dd d
d dd d
r rr r
r rr r
f ff f
f ff f
; ;; ;
; ;; ;
c cc c
c cc c
s ss s
s ss s
r rr r
r rr r
f ff f
f ff f
; ;; ;
; ;; ;
a aa a
a aa a
& && &
& && &
; ;; ;
; ;; ;
b bb b
b bb b
, ,, ,
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f ff f
f ff f
v vv v
v vv v
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f ff f
; ;; ;
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a aa a
a aa a
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& && &
G GG G
G GG G
; ;; ;
; ;; ;
r rr r
r rr r
v vv v
v vv v
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-----------------
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b bb b
b bb b
k kk k
k kk k
& && &
& && &
i ii i
i ii i
f ff f
f ff f
t tt t
t tt t
a aa a
a aa a
e ee e
e ee e
m mm m
m mm m
f ff f
f ff f
& && &
& && &
x xx x
x xx x
m mm m
m mm m
\ \\ \
\ \\ \
w ww w
w ww w
d dd d
d dd d
k kk k
k kk k
i ii i
i ii i
f ff f
f ff f
; ;; ;
; ;; ;
j jj j
j jj j
y yy y
y yy y
n nn n
n nn n
f ff f
f ff f
j jj j
j jj j
y yy y
y yy y
K KK K
K KK K
p pp p
p pp p
p pp p
p pp p
f ff f
f ff f
y yy y
y yy y
G GG G
G GG G
J JJ J
J JJ J

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t csdefujrefrmEdki fi Hwpf0Srf;wGi fya' o&mZfEdki fi HawGut rsm;t jym;&Sdyg\ /
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apmqdkonfuwkwfjynf, leefe, fwGi fpnfESi fhxD;ESi fh?jynfESi fhri f;ESi fh/t ajc
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aus;&Gmuav;rsm;rSonfwdki f;?cdki fESi fhNrdKUjyEdki fi Ht jzpfjyefvnfay:xGef;vm
jci f;jzpfonf[ kordki f;t apmi fapmi fuazmfjy\ / jyefvnfay:xGef;cJhaom
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onfES, f&i fqdki f&zl;aMumi f;xi f&Sm;cJhNyD/vuf&SdoxHk\ t ajct aeuaum
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t aoG;uEkygbd/
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**********



y yy y
y yy y
x xx x
x xx x
r rr r
r rr r
j jj j
j jj j
r rr r
r rr r
e ee e
e ee e
f ff f
f ff f
r rr r
r rr r
m mm m
m mm m
E EE E
E EE E
k kk k
k kk k
d dd d
d dd d
i ii i
i ii i
f ff f
f ff f
a aa a
a aa a
w ww w
w ww w
m mm m
m mm m
f ff f
f ff f
\ \\ \
\ \\ \
t tt t
t tt t
z zz z
z zz z
G GG G
G GG G
i ii i
i ii i
f ff f
f ff f
h hh h
h hh h
p pp p
p pp p
m mm m
m mm m
r rr r
r rr r
s ss s
s ss s
u uu u
u uu u
f ff f
f ff f
E EE E
E EE E
S SS S
S SS S
m mm m
m mm m

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**********
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**********
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wGi f&i fqdki f&rnf{uef/

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jci f;onfomrdrdt wGuft usdK;rsm;aomt aqmi ft &Gufjzpfonf/onfodkY
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ar;p&m&Sdyg\ /
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awmhyk*HonfvSHwHjrm;wHwdkYjzi fhwkefYjyefumoxHkaejynfawmfudkypfayguf
t Edki f, lavNyD/
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enf;cJhavovm;/
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a&;vkyfi ef;rsm;rvkyfaqmi fEdki fcJh/ppfyGJwpfyGJwGi fjynfolwdkYonft qHk;t jzwf
ay;aom]t i ft m;}udkqkyfudki fxm;onfudkowdayghcJhrdonf/
Aswf0d\ OyrmukdyJMunfh/
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t rdefYawmfjyef/NrdKUudkvHkNcHKat mi fapmi fhap/Muyfap/
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\ 0dnmOfonft m;udk;zG, fvlpGrf;aumi f;wpfOD;[ kxi frSwfapcJhonf/

t rSefawmhvGJrSm;aompdwf"mwfppfqi fa&;ESi fhppfwdkuf&efrdrdt m;xkwfcJh\ /
okdYaomfyk*Hwyfrawmfonfrdrd\ t m;enf;csufudkaumi f;pGm&SmazGawGU&SdcJhNyD/
yk*HwyfuvkyfjyoGm;onfrSmvdrfvdrfrmrmuav;yJ/rdrdwdkYbufuAswf0d
udkt m;udk;rSef;odonfESi fhAswff0d\ t dk;awGudk&onfhenf;jzi fhwl;azmf, loGm;
onf/pdwfcsvufcs, HkMunfxm;aompdwf"mwfa&;r@dKi fudkt &i f;rSNzdKvSJ
vdkufjci f;yJr[ kwfvm;/
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aMumi fhr[ kwfonfudkem;vnf\ /okdYaomfppfIH;&aomt aMumi f;rsm;pGmwGi f
onft aMumi f;onfcdki fvHkaomt aMumi f;wpfcsufwpfckt jzpfyg0i faeonf
udkvnf;owdjyK&ayvdrfhrnf/
**********
ppfqdkonfrSmt i ft m;t enf;t rsm;ut "dur[ kwf?wdkuf&nfcdkuf&nfESi fhppf
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csufrsm;jzpfaMumi f;avhvmod&Sd&NyD/
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awmhrnf/onfwm0efum;, ckt cdkuft wHhwGi frvGJraoGxrf;aqmi f&awmh
rnhfrdrd\ wm0efaywnf;/
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w&m;onfeef;awmfwGi f;odkY0i fvmrnfhyk*HwyfrawmfudkwnfNi drfpGmBudKqdk
vsuf&Sdonf/
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awGYqHkcef;onfum;omreft crf;t em;wpfckomjzpf\ /
t aemf&xmri f;w&m;onft aqmi ft a, mi frygbJoxHka&Teef;awmfodkY0i f
avonf/ t aqmi ft a, mi frygbJqdkonfuri f;w&m;onf ppfEdki fbk&i f
wyg;\ [ efjzi fh0i fjci f;r[ kwf/

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onfeef;NrdKUdk;t wGi f;&SdajrmufO, smOfawmfawGYqHkMuonf/prf;a&pD;oHrsm;
onfvnf;aumi f;?t dyfwef;wufaeMuaomi Sufaus;om&umt aygi f;\
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csrf;Ni drf;aeapyg\ /
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onfqdkjci f;udkajymrSyi f , Hk&awmhrnf/ , ckt cdkuf t wefYwGi fum;O, smOf
awmfonfwnfNi drfat ;csrf;vGef;aypG/
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odkYESi fhyi fri f;w&m;\ t oGi ft jyi frSmjzpforQab;' P fudkwnfNi drf&i fhusuf
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[ ef/

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jzi fhodrfarGYaomt rlt &mrsm;uomri f;w&m;\ t oGi ft jyi fudkvTrf;rdk;aeay
onf/
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aejynfawmfodkYyi fhaqmi foGm;&eft pDt pOf&Sdygonf/oi fhawmfaomt csdefoi fh
awmfaomt pDt pOfjzi fhri f;rdzk&m;wdkYyk*HaejynfawmfodkY<ucsDyg&efawmi f;yef
yg\ /t &Si fri f;BuD;qE&Sdaomt aMumi f;t csufrsm;udkvnf;rdefYMum;rdefYawmf
rlyg/jzpfEdki forQvdkufavsmaqmi f&Gufay;&eft oi fhjzpfyg\ }}
rEl[ mri f;w&m;onfEl;nHhpGmNyHK;vsufacgi f;udkt omt , mndwfonf/NyD;
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wpfuGri f;rdzk&m;wdkYyk*HaejynfawmfodkYvdkufyg&eft pDt pOfudkodNyD/usef&pfcJh
aomoxHkaejynfawmf\ uHMurmurnfodkY&SdovJ/}}
usefppfom;onfri f;w&m;\ pdk;&drfylyefrIudkaumi f;pGmem;vnf;oGm;\ /okdY
ESi fhavsmufwi fzG, fwdkYudkjynfpHkpGmwi f&avonf/]]t &Si fri f;BuD;?oxHkae
jynfawmfwGi fa&vnf;raemuf?Mumraysmufap&yg/oxHkESi fhyk*Hri f;ESpfyg;wdkY
ppfyGJaBumi fhjynfolwdkYyi fyef;qi f;&JUrjzpfap&yg/om, m0ajymaomoxHk
jynfudk, ckt wdki f;yi fjynfolwdkYt ult nDjzi fhqufvufwnfaqmufoGm;yg
rnf/Ak' a*gwr\ t qHk;t rrsm;wGi fwnfcJhNyD;jzpfaomyk*Hwyfrawmfonf
oxHkjynf&SdAk' t aqmuft Hkrsm;ESi fhAk' bmom&[ ef;awmfrsm;udkqufvufudk;
uG, faqmufa&Smufjci f;jyKygrnf/oxHkjynfrSAk' bmom&[ ef;rsm;onfyk*H
aejynfawmfrSomoemh0efxrf;&[ ef;rsm;uJhokdYomoemwm0efrsm;udkaus
yGefpGmxrf;aqmi fEdki fMuygrnf/ t a&;t wGufpdk;&drfaESmi fhNyD;aMumi fhMuylyi f
r&SdygESi fht &Si fri f;BuD;}}

onfaemufawmht aemf&xmri f;w&m;ESi fhrEl[ mbk&i fwdkYy#doEm&pum;qdk
Mu?EIwfcGef;qufMuESi fht csdeft wefi , fvi fhoGm;\ /rEl[ mbk&i fuar;o
jzi fht aemf&xmri f;w&m;onfyk*HEdki fi Hawmf\ Ak' bmomomoemvkyfi ef;
rsm;udk&Si f;jyonf/
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t us, fod&NyD/onfawmht El[ mbk&i fonfrsm;pGmpdwfxdcdkuf&Smonf/yk*H
Edki fi Hawmf\ wdk;wufajymi f;vJaeaomomoema&;t ajct aeonfpi fppf
awmht m;&zG, f?auseyfzG, f?MunfEl;zG, fjzpfaeygNyD/
onfhaemufawmht aemf&xmri f;w&m;onfrdrd\ jynfawmfpkEdki fi Hawmfwnf
aqmufa&;&nfrSef;csufudkrEl[ mbk&i ft m;&Si f;jyonf/
]]jynfawmfpkEdki fi Hawmfwnfaqmufa&;wGi ft aMu&SdyJcl;oxHkESi fh&cdki fa' o
rsm;onft a&;ygaomu@rsm;rSyg0i faeMuygvdrfhrnf/onfvkyfi ef;rsm;udk
wpfqi fhpDt aumi ft xnfazmfa&;t wGufyk*HEdki fi Hawmfut m;BudK;rmefwuf
aqmi f&Gufvsuf&Sdygonf/yJcl;bk&i fESi fhcspfMunfpGmaqG;aEG;cJhjci f;jzi fhrdrd&nf
rSef;csufrsm;t aumi ft xnfazmfa&;t ult nD&cJhNyD/, ckoxHk...aemufawmh
&cdki fudkpnf;Hk;onfht cgwGi fat muft &yfa' owpf0Srf;onfjynfawmfpkEdki fi H
awmf\ t pdwft ydki f;rsm;t jzpfcHhcHhxnfxnf&yfwnfEdki fygawmhrnf...onf
t cgwGi f...}}
t aemf&xmri f;w&m;urdrd\ Edki fi Ha&;&nfrSef;csufrsm;udkqufvuf&Si f;jy
onf/
]]wdki f;&i f;om;pnf;vHk;nDnGwfrIudkt &, lNyD;aomt cgjynfy&efudkpdk;&GHUp&m
r&Sdawmh/, ckt cgyJcl;udk0i f xdyg;aom*Rrf;ppfonfwdkY\ apmfum;&efprIrsdK;
udkrdrdwdkYnDnDnGwfnGwfpkaygi f;umuG, fEdki fMurnf/ wpfcsdefu eef;apmwyf
rsm;u rdaemESi fhrdcsefrGefEdki fi Hrsm;udkapmfum;xdyg;cJhonft jzpfrsdK;aemi fwGi f
b, faomt cgrSrBuHKap&awmh/ xdkYaMumi fhat muft &yfa' o wGi fvnf;
aumi f;? t xufydki f;a' owGi fvnf;aumi f; pnf;Hk;a&;udkwnfaqmufMu
rnf/nDnGwfa&;udkt &, l&ayawmhrnf/}}

t aemf&xmri f;w&m;onf&orQt csdefrSmrdrd&i fxJajym&ef&SdaomEdki fi Ha&;
&nfrSef;csufrsm;udkonfodkYaqG;aEG;onf/&Si f;vi f;jyonf/rdrd\ &Si f;jycsuf
rsm;udkrEl[ mbk&i fem;vnfvmEdki fvQi fum;rdrdudkppfl;bk&i fwpfyg;t jzpf
jri fawmhrnfr[ kwf/rdrd\ vkyfaqmi fcsufrsm;udkvufcHEdki foa&GUvufcHvm
ayvdrfhrnf/
---------------
onfodkYjzi fhoxHkaejynfawmfwpf0Srf;udkt aemf&xmri f;w&m;\ /yk*Hwyfr
awmfuvHk;0odrf;, lcJhNyDNyD/ri f;w&m;onfaus;vufcdki ft oD;oD;&Sduvef?
oHysi f?ppfrIxrf;?e, fbufrIxrf;wdkYudkoxHkaejynfawmfodkYqi fhac:onf/NyD;
awmhrdrd\ opmudkcH, laponf/vdkt yforQt pDt pOfrsm;udknGefMum;onf/
aqmi f&Gufonf/ar;p&m&SdonfwdkYudkppfaq;ar;jref;&onf/t a&;t BuD;qHk;
vkyfi ef;wpf&yfudkajymjy&\ /jynfy*Ref;ppfonfwdkY&efudkt xl;owdxm;/
xdyg;vmrnfht ajct ae&SdvQi ft jrefqHk;owi f;ydkY?yk*HwyfrawmfonfoxHk
jynfwpf0Srf;&Sdaus;vufa' owdkYwGufvHkNcHKa&;ESi fhumuG, fa&;t pDt pOfrsm;
udkt NrJrjywfOD;pGmuGyfuJvsuf&Sdvdrfhrnf...[ k/
t aemf&xmri f;w&m;oxHkwGi fAdkvfcsKyfusefppfom;udkxm;cJhonf/qufvuf
vkyfaqmi fzG, ft pDt pOfrsm;udkusefppfom;ESi fhppfolBuD;rsm;uvkyfaqmi fay;
Mu&efjzpfonf/ri f;w&m;udk, fwdki furIoxHkbk&i frEl[ mESi fht wlyk*Haejynf
awmfodkYjyefvm\ /
onfwGi fxl;xl;jcm;jcm;azmfjyp&m&SdonfuoxHk&Sdyd#uwfawmfrsm;ESi fh, Of
aus;rIt Ekynmypnf;rsm;udkyk*HaejynfawmfodkYqi fjzLawmf32pD;ESi fht wl
ri f;w&m;udk, fwdki fb, faqmi fvmjci f;jzpfonf/onfypnf;rsm;udkoxHk
aejynfawmfodkYo, f, lvmjci f;rSmri f;w&m;wGi fcdki fvSHaomt aMumi f;jycsuf
&Sdyg\ /
yk*Hudkt ajcjyK jynfawmfpkEdki fi HawmfBuD; udkwnfaqmufrnfqdkvsi fyk*H
aejynfawmfudkt zufzufrSwdk;wufat mi fjyKpkysdL;axmi fay;&vdrfhrnf/oxHk
jynfrS, Ofaus;rIt Ekynmonfrsm;udkyk*HjynfodkYac:, lrnf/ t zdk;wefynm
&yfawGudkyk*Hom;wdkYoi f, lap&rnf/ yef;yk?yef;csD?yef;&efyef;yGwf?yef;xdrf?

yef;awmh?yef;yJ?yefwOf;?yef;w, m;?yef;ao; paomyef;q, frsdK;t Ekynm&Si f
rsm;onfyk*HEdki fi Hawmfwnfaqmufa&; wGi fBuD;pGmaomt axmuft ulay;
vdrfhrnfrvGJ/
NyD;awmhbmoma&;bufuMunfh/Ak' jrwfpGmbk&i f;\ "mwfawmfarGawmfrsm;
udkyk*HaejynfawmfodkYyi fhaqmi fcJh&efri f;w&m;upDpOfonf/xdkYjyi fyd#uwf
oHk;yHkt pHkoHk;q, fudkvnf;wpfygwnf;o, faqmi fcJhonf/onft zdk;wef
&wemypnf;rsm;onfyk*HEdki fi Hawmf&Sdax&0g' Ak' bmompnfyi fzGHNzdK;a&;
t wGufrsm;pGmt axmuft ul&awmhrnf/usrf;r&Sd?#Dumr&Sdjzi fhbmoma&;
oabmw&m;awGudkt ji i f;yGm;aeMuaomrdrdwdkYyk*Haejynfawmfonfusrf;
rsm;ut qHk;t jzwfay;Edki fawmhrnfr[ kwfygvm;..../
t aemf&xmri f;w&m;onfaejynfawmfodkYt jyefc&D;wGi fO yJcl;wpf
axmuf0i fem;onf/ri f;w&m;onfO yJcl;bk&i fESi fhwdki f;a&;jynfa&;jynfrI
rsm;udkjyKpkndKEIdi f;cJhonf/O yJcl;ri f;rSmt aemf&xmbk&i fri f;jrwf\ jynf
axmi fpkEdki fi Hawmfwnfaqmufa&;vkyfi ef;rsm;udkrlvyxruwnf;uem;
vnf;vufcHNyD;jzpfyg\ /, ckt cgoxHkudkt vdkjynfcJhNyD;jzpfawmhat muf&yf
a' owpf0Srf;\ pnf;vHk;nDnGwfa&;vkyfi ef;rsm;udkwpfqi fhNyD;wpfqi fht
aumi ft xnfazmf&efom&SdNyD/.
O yJcl;bk&i fu*Ref;ppfonfwdkY\ vIyf&Sm;rIowi f;rsm;udkri f;w&m;xHwi f
jywdki fyi fonf/onfawmhyJcl;ri f;udkt aemf&xmbk&i frSm&\ /Mum;&\ /
]], ckoxHkudkodrf;, lNyD;aemufvIyf&Sm;vmrnfh*Ref;ppfonfwdkYt ajct aeudk
pl;prf;/olwdkYvIyf&S;rIudkaxmufvSrf;/olwdkYt oGm;t vmudkrsufjcnfrjywf
Munfh/t ajct aet &yf&yfudkyk*HodkYt NrJrjywfowi f;ydkY}}
t aemf&xmri f;w&m;\ yxrjrefrmEdki fi Hawmfwnfaqmufa&;vkyfi ef;rsm;
onfhES, fpcJhNyD/vkyfi ef;\ yxrpmrsufESmudkri f;w&m;u odkYpwi f zGi fh
vSpfcJhonf/t v, fpmrsufESmub, fvdkvJ...?ed*Hk;rSmb, fodkY&SdrvJ/
MunfhMupdkY.../
**********


y yy y
y yy y
k kk k
k kk k
* ** *
* ** *
H HH H
H HH H
\ \\ \
\ \\ \
w ww w
w ww w
p pp p
p pp p
f ff f
f ff f
q qq q
q qq q
i ii i
i ii i
f ff f
f ff f
h hh h
h hh h
N NN N
N NN N
y yy y
y yy y
D DD D
D DD D
; ;; ;
; ;; ;
? ?? ?
? ?? ?
w ww w
w ww w
p pp p
p pp p
f ff f
f ff f
q qq q
q qq q
i ii i
i ii i
f ff f
f ff f
h hh h
h hh h
a aa a
a aa a
j jj j
j jj j
c cc c
c cc c
v vv v
v vv v
S SS S
S SS S
r rr r
r rr r
f ff f
f ff f
; ;; ;
; ;; ;
r rr r
r rr r
s ss s
s ss s
m mm m
m mm m
; ;; ;
; ;; ;

oxHkudkat mi fEdki fcJhNyD/yJcl;udkvnf;odrf;oGi f;NyD;NyD/at muf&yfa' o&Sdwdki f;&i f;
om;t rsdK;om;rsm;udkruGJrjym;pnf;Hk;cJhNyD;NyD/onft csdefwGi ft aemf&xmri f;
w&m;onfyk*H\ t xufbuf&Sdawmi fwef;a' orsm;odkYarQmfMunfhrdav
onf/
wu, fqdkawmhonfa' orsm;rSm]t jri feD;NyD;c&D;a0;onfhawmi f}jzpfaeonf
r[ kwfvm;/yk*HESi fhajraMumuwpfqufwnf;[ kqdkEdki fonf/yk*Ht mP mpuf
usa&muf&mr&dr?ausmufqnfa' orsm;ESi fhqdkubmrQc&D;ra0;/odkYygvsuf
onfa' orsm; ESi fhyk*HwdkYt Mum;wGi fxdawGYrIr&Sd/ t quft qHenf;yg;bd/
t aea0;awmhaoG;uvnf;cyfpdrf;pdrf;/ wpfOD;oabmwpfOD; em;rvnfNyD/
wpfOD;udkwpfOD;ESpfvdkMunfndKrIrjyawmhNyD/ wpfOD;udkwpfOD;ui Jh&efvnf;r&Sd
awmhNyD/
Munfhav/wpfOD;uvnf;udk, fhwdki f;XmeDudk, fha&TjynfESi fh/wpfOD;uvnf;
ukd, fhxD;udk, fheef;udk, fhMui Smef;ESi fh/ukd, fhvrf;udk, fxGi f?ukd, fhopfyi fudk, f
pdkuf ya' o&mZfNrdKUjyEdki fi Hrsm;t jzpfcHhcHhxnfxnft kyfpdk;aeMuonf/
onft ajct aersm;udkrESpfrsdKUEdki faomt aemf&xmri f;w&m;onfyk*HrSae
t xufbufodkYarQmfMunfhrd\ /yk*HEdki fi Hawmft xufbuf&Sdawmi fwef;a' o
rsm;udknDnDnGwfnGwfpnf;Hk;Edki fcJhaomfaumi f;avpG/onfodkYri f;w&m;u
pdwful;zJdkufMunfhrdonf/at muf&yfa' o&SdrGefwdki f;&i f;om;rsm;udkpnf;Hk;

NyD;jynfaxmi fpkEdki fi Hawmft wGi f;pm&i f;xnfhcJhovdkyJt xufbufawmi f
wef;a' o&Sd&Srf;wdki f;&i f;om;rsm;udkvufwGJ&efb, fodkYBudK;yrf;&rvJ/
wu, fawmhrGefwdki f;&i f;om;rsm;udkpnf;Hk;at mi fjri fcJhovdk&Srf;wdki f;&i f;
om;rsm;udkpnf;Hk; &Edki frnfh[ k' d|"rajym r&/rGefwdki f;&i f;om;rsm;udkpnf;
Hk;&onfrSmyi fi SufaysmoD;t cGHYETmpm;&ovdkvG, fvG, fESi fhNyD;cJhonfr[ kwf/
t cuft cJrsm;pGmESi fhBuHKonf?t zkt xpfrsm;pGmESi fhqHkonf?t wm;t qD;rsm;
pGmudkausmfvTm;cJh&onf/
b, fokdYyJjzpfjzpfyJcl;ESi fhoxHkudkpnf;Hk;Edki fcJhjci f;rSmjynfaxmi fpkEdki fi Hawmf
wnfaqmufa&;&nfrSef;csufwpf0ufawmhat mi fjri fcJhonf/Munfhav/yJcl;
udkpnf;Hk;NyD;onfESi fhyJcl;\ t &Sdeft 0gat mufwGi f&SdcJhaom' v?usyi f;ESi fh
Ouvmywdki f;onf"m;rusdK;vHSracGbJyk*HESi fhwpfom;wnf;jzpfcJhNyD/oxHkudk
at mi fEdki fonfqdkjci f;aMumi fhoxHkESi fhqufaeaomrkwrt ygt 0i frGefwdki f;
&i f;om;wdkY"m;rOD;csaexdki f&ma' ot rsm;onfyk*HESi fhausmcsi f;uyf &i fcsi f;
t yfcJhNyD/
NyD;awmhykodrf?ykodrfonfxdkt csdefuyi fyi fv, ful;avSoabFmrsm;qdkufuyf
&mqdyfurf;NrdKUjzpfcJhonf/ oxHkuJhodkYyi fEdki fi Hjcm;ESi fht quft qH&Sdonf/
onfawmhykodrfudkpnf;Hk;odrf;oGi f;xm;&ef t aemf&xmri f;w&m; uqE&Sd
onf/ri f;w&m;\ qEudkt aumi ft xndazmfay;olrSmusefppfom; jzpf
onf/ oxHkudkXmecsKyfvkyfxm;aomyk*Ha&wyf onfykodrft xdajcqefYcJh
onf/yk*H\ Edki fi HjyKt i ft m;udkonft csdefub, folrSt efwk&JMurnfr[ kwf/
onfawmhyk*H\ qEt wdki f; ykodrfonfvnf;oydwf0i ft dwf0i fjzpfvmcJhay
onf/
ykodrfudkpnf;Hk;cJhNyD;aomt cgwGi fOD;pm;ay; aqmi f&Guf&rnfhya' o&mZfEdki f
i HwpfEdki fi Husefao;onf/&cdki f/ xdkt csdefu &cdki fjynfonfya' o&mZfEdki fi H
wpfEdki fi Ht jzpfESi fhwefcdk;t i ft m;BuD;rm;pGmt kyfpdk;ae\ /&cdki fjynf\ ri f;ae
jynfrSmppfawGe, f&SdyOmNrdKUawmfjzpfrnf/ yOmNrdKUawmfwGi feef;pHolrSmt dEd,
t ac:csE&m*kw?jrefrmt ac:pE*kwfri f;jzpfonf/t aemf&xmri f;onf, ck
ri f;bl;t aemufbuf&Sd&cdki fdk;rudkausmf &cdki fodkYyk*HwyfrawmfudkapvTwfcJh
onf/

**********
&cdki fri f;onfyk*Hwyfrawmfudkaumi f;pGmc&D;OD;BudKcJh\ /NyD;awmh&cdki fjynf&Sd
Ak' t arGt ESpfo&D&"mwfawmfrsm;udkt aemf&xmri f;w&m;xHqufonf/xdkY
jyi forD;awmfxD;vdIi fjzLudkvnf;ri f;w&m;xHqufocJh\ /&cdki fuyk*H\ Mo
Zmt mP mudkry, fvSefaMumi f;oufaojyvdkufjci f;yi fjzpfonf/&cdki fuonfh
ES, fcspfMunf&i f;ESD;pGmaqmi f&GufcJhojzi fht aemf&xmri f;w&m;t zdkYauseyfrI
rsm;pGmjzpf&NyD/Edki fi Hawmf\ t em*wft wGufarQmfvi fht m;xufjzpfcJhNyD/
odkYESi fhyk*Hppfwyfonf&cdki fjynft csdeft wefMumpcef;csaexdki fcJhonf[ k
ordki f;wdkYuazmfjyonf/NrdKUdk;NrdKUwmvkHjcKat mi faqmuf?ui f;pcef;rsm;udk
pepfwusjyK?jynfyt aESmuft , Sufui f;ap&efumuG, fa&;t pDt pOfrsm;cs
rSwf/&cdki fjynfudkyk*HvufeufEdki fi HawmfwGi fyg0i faomjynfe, fwpfe, f\
t &nft csi f;ESi fhnDnGwfap&onf/
NyD;awmht "duaqmi f&Guf&onfrSmwdki f;&i f;om;pnf;vHk;nDnGwfa&;/&cdki f
vnf;yk*H?yk*Hvnf;&cdki f?wpfaoG;wnf;wpfom;wnf;jzpfaMumi f;ay:vGi fap
cJhonf/wu, fqdkyk*HESi fh&cdki fudk&cdki fdk;rawmi fwef;uumqD;jcm;em;xm;
onfhr[ kwfvm;/odkYawmfawmi fBuD;z0g;at muf[ kqdkdk;pum;&Sdonf/wdki f;
&i f;om;t csi f;csi f;aoG;onf;MuvufwGJMuvQi fonfawmi fwef;onfwdki f;
&i f;om;aoG;pnf;nDnGwfrIudkrnfodkYrQt [ efYt wm;rjyKEdki f/yk*HESi fh&cdki fjynf
olwdkYomwu, fnDnGwfvQi fonfawmi fwef;udkwHk;rSwfvdkYckefEdki fayvdrfh
rnf/
, ckt cgwGi fyk*HvufeufEdki fi HawmfonfcHxnf0i fh<um;pGmay:xi fvmNyDjzpf
onf/at muf&yfa' owGi fyJcl;?oxHk?rkwrESi fhykodrfwdkYudkwpfpkwpfHk;wnf;
nDnGwfapcJhNyD/ &cdki fjynfudkvnf; ruGJrjym;wpfom;wnf;&SdapcJhNyD/ onf
awmhri f;w&m;\ &i fxJrSmoaEwnfaecJhaom&Srf;wdkYa' oodkYajcOD;vSnfh&ef
t ajct aeay;cJhonf/
t aemf&xmri f;w&m;onfawmi fwef;a' orsm;pnf;Hk;a&;t wGufynmAv
t rwfBuD;OD;pD;aomcspfMunfa&;oHwreft zGJUudkapvTwfonf/onft rwf
BuD;ESi fht wlt zGJU0i f18OD;yg0i f\ /vdkufygrnfht zGJY0i frsm;udkri f;w&m;urI;

rwfrsm;xJrSpepfwusa&T;cs, fay;\ /cspfMunfa&;t zGJUjzpfawmhvufeufvl
olrygap&/yk*HwyfrawmfuoHt zGJUudk&Srf;e, fpyft xdvdkufvHydkYaqmi fay;&
onf/
cspfMunfa&;oHwreft zGJUonfrdk;rdwfwGi fxD;eef;wnfaxmi ft kyfpdk; aeaom
usdKi f;wHkapmfbGm;BuD;xHOD;wnf oGm;cJhonf/ apmfbGm;BuD;\ vufat muf
wGi f]armudk;jynfaxmi f}t rnf&Sd&Srf;jynfe, fcGJ9jynfe, f&Sdonf/
rdk;rdwfapmfbGm;onft aemf&xmri f;w&m;\ cspfMunfa&;oHt zGJUudkaumi f;
pGmBudKqdk{nfhcHavonf/ oHt zGJUudkaumi f;pGmBudKqdk{nfhcHavonf/ oHt zGJY
acgi f;aqmi fynmAvt rwfBuD; rSmoxHkjynfodkYoHwreft zGJUudkOD;pD;oGm;
a&mufcJhzl;aomt awGUt BuHK&Sdonf/xdkYaMumi fhwrefwdkYusi fhpOf?wrefwdkYo
abmxm;?wrefwdkYt ajymt qdkudkuRrf;usi fonf/xdkYaMumi fhyi fjzpfrnfrdk;rdwf
apmfbGm;BuD;onfyk*Hri f;\ cspfMunfa&;o0P fvTmudkaumi f;pGmvufcHonf/
yk*HESi fhrdk;rdwfwdkYjynfaxmi fpkcspfMunfa&;vkyfi ef;rsm;wnfaqmuf&efoabm
wlonf/yk*Hubmvdkcsi fovJ?vdkcsi forQajymap...qdkap[ kyi fcGi fhjyKcJhonf/
onfawmhynmAvt rwfBuD;uwi fjyonf/jynfaxmi fpkEdki fi Hawmfwnf
aqmufa&;t wGufyk*HuBudK;yrf;aeaomvkyfi ef;rsm;udk&Si f;jyonf/]], ckt
cgwGi fjynfaxmi fpkEdki fi Hawmfudkwdki f;jcm;Edki fi Hrsm;uusL;ausmf&efprIrsm;jyK
Edki fonf/onfodkY&efpvmvQi fnDnGwfpnf;Hk;NyD;r&SdaomEdki fi Hrsm;t zdkYi kwf
wkwfcH&zdkYrSvGJ t jcm;enf;vrf;r&Sd/EGm;uGJvQi fusm;pmjzpfzdkYom&Sdonf/rdrd
wdkYywf0ef;usi frSmt i ft m;BuD;rm;aomvufeufEdki fi HBuD;awG&Sdonf/onf
Edki fi Hrsm;rSvlt i ft m;vufeuft i ft m;ESi fhzdvmvQi frdrdwdkYupnf;Hk;nDnGwf
rIt i ft m;jzi fhjyef ckcHumuG, f&rnfjzpfonf/onfawmh...}}
rdrdwkdUudke, fjcm;jynfaxmi frsm;uusL;ausmf&efpjci f;rsm;&SdaomfumuG, fEdki f
at mi fe, fjcm;ui f;pcef;rsm;NrdKUrsm;wnfaqmuf&vdrfhrnf/onfui f;pcef;
rsm;wGi ft i ft m;awmi fhwi f;aomvufeufudki fwyfrawmfudkcsxm;rnf/jynf
yuusL;ausmfvmvQi fonfui f;pcef;NrdKUrsm;uyxr&i fqdki fvdrfhrnf/onf
ui f;pcef;NrdKUrsm;&SdrdrdwdkYwyfrsm;ujynfyusL;ausmfolrsm;udkumuG, fwdkuf
xkwfay;ygvdrfhrnf...

rdk;rdwfapmfbGm;onfyk*HoHt zGJUacgi f;aqmi f\ wi fjycsufrsm;udkaumi f;pGmem;
vnf oabmaygufyg\ / ruGJrjym;wpfom;wnf;&Sdjci f;\ / t "dym, fudk
vnf;vufcHonf/ odkYESi fhe, fMum;NrdKUrsm;wnfaqmufa&;t pDt pOfudko
abmwlonf/vdkt yforQt ult nDrsm;udkay;rnf/rdk;rdwfESi fhyk*HcspfMunfa&;
aqmi f&Gufcsufrsm;udkpGrf;pGrf;wrHt aumi ft xnfazmfrnf[ krdefUMum;av
onf/
rdk;rdwfapmfbGm;BuD;ujri fpdki f;?yi f;, ?t i f;0paomrdrdydki fe, fajrrsm;udkyk*Hri f;
t aemf&xm\ vufodkYvHk;0vGJt yfay;cJhonf[ k&Srf;ordki f;rsm;uarmfuGef;xdk;
Muonf/t aemf&xmri f;w&m;ESi fhrdk;rdwfapmfbGm;BuD;wdkYt Mum;wGi fcspfMunf
a&;a&TESpfjym; udkwpfom;wnf; cwfEdSyfcJhMuonf[ kvnf;qdkonf/ odkYESi fh
bk&i ft aemf&xm\ t BuHt pDt wdki f; e, fjcm; ui f;pcef;NrdKUrsm;udkwnf
aqmufEdki fcJhavonf/
onfui f;pcef;NrdKUrsm;rSmpkpkaygi f;43NrdKUjzpfonf/, i f;wdkYum;aumi f;pi f?
aumi f;wHk?i kef?i &i f;?a&Tul?, i f;cJ?rdk;wm;?uom?xD;usnf;(, ckxD;csdKi fh)?
vm;[ dk;(, ckjrawmi f)waumi f;?[ *Farmf?BuHnyf?prme*dk&f?i pOfhul;?ukef;
om, m?rauG;wpf&mat mi f?t kwf?a&eHom?e*g;armuf?, i f;rwJ?pkef;?xHk;yHk
(, ckxHk;bdk)?rw&m?ru&m?wt Hk?jri fpdki f;?jrpfom;?vdIi f;wuf?om*&?anmi f
&rf;?a&TNrdKU?yufyg?NrdKUvS?uJui f;?qGm?Am&P oDponfwkdYjzpfonf/
onfNrdKUrsm;wGi fyk*HwyfrawmfrSpepfwuszGJUpnf;xm;aomNrdKUui f;wyfzGJYrsm;
&Sdonf/ xkdYjyi fNrdKUudkt kyfcsKyf&eft wGuft aemf&xmri f;w&m; udk, fwdki fa&G;
cs, fxm;aomrSL;rwfwpfOD;pDudkcefYxm;onf/t rSefqdkaomfonfe, fjcm;NrdKU
rsm;udkwnfaxmi f&mwGi f jynfy &efudkumuG, f&ef&nfrSef;csufwpfckwnf;
[ kwf[ efrwl/
t aemf&xmri f;w&m;onf&Srf;awmi fwef;ESi fhyk*HwdkY\ cspfMunfa&;vkyfi ef;
rsm;t qufrjywf&Sdapa&;udkarQmfrSef;rnfjzpfonf/onfNrdKUrsm;ESi fh&Srf;jynf
ya' o&mZfe, fy, frsm;t Mum;wGi fpD;yGm;a&;?ynma&;?t kyfcsKyfa&;?, Ofaus;
rIponfhjzi fhqufoG, frIudkrjywfwnfaqmi f&efNyD;jzpfonf/odkYESi fh&Srf;wdki f;
&i f;om;wdkYt aMumi f;udkyk*H&SdjrefrmwdkYaumi f;pGmod&rnf/yk*Hom;wdkYoabm

xm;udkarm9axmi f&Sd&Srf;wdki f;&i f;om;wdkUonfvnf;jynfhjynfh00em;vnf;
Muvdrfhrnf/onfodkYri f;w&m;uarQmfrSef;ygvdrfhrnf/&nfpl;ygvdrfhrnf/
onfe, fjcm;NrdKU43NrdKUudkwnfNyD;aomfri f;w&m;onfoxHkjynfrSygvmaom
t Ekynmonfrsm;&[ efawmfrsm;t a&;udkapmi f;i Jh Munhfonf/onfyk*dKvf
onf, ckt cgwGi fyk*Haejynfawmf, m, DoabmESi fhpcef;csaeonf/olwdkY
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a&t wGufryl&/onfenf;jzi fhv, f, mukefxkwfvkyfi ef;rsm;pHcsdefjri fhcJhonf/

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csi fovJ/aeYvm;?nvm;?reufjzefvm;?oefbufcgvm;/vdkcsi fonfht csdef
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vmonfudkrIji i f; r&/onft csdefusrSqnfawGajrmi f;awGuefawGacsmi f;
awGqxufxrf;ydk;wdk;yGm;jzpfxGef;cJhonfrSmvnf;rsufjri fygyJ/onfawmh...
rGefjrefrmcspfMunfa&;udkOD;pm;ay;cJhaomri f;w&m;\ Edki fi Ha&;&nfrSef;csuf
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t jri fudkoabmaygufEdki fMuNyD/rGefwdki f;&i f;om;wdkYESi fhaoG;pnf;nDnGwfrIudk
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rsm;udkvnf;t wlwpfuGt aumi ft xnfazmfrnfqdkaomri f;w&m;\ Edki fi H
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c&D;&SnfcsDwufaeaomt aemf&xmri f;w&m;ESi fht wlt azmfaumi f;awGyg
onf/vufeufaumi f;vnf;ygonf/]opm?orm"dESi fhowd}wdkYonfri f;
w&m;\ c&D;azmfrsm;jzpfMuonf/]ZGJESi fhonf;cHpdwf&Snfjci f;}wdkYonfri f;
w&m;udki fpGJonfhvufeufaumi f;rsm;jzpfonf/
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ri f;w&m;uonfodkYarQmfvi fhxm;ayonf/
**********



y yy y
y yy y
J JJ J
J JJ J
c cc c
c cc c
l ll l
l ll l
; ;; ;
; ;; ;
w ww w
w ww w
d dd d
d dd d
k kk k
k kk k
u uu u
u uu u
f ff f
f ff f
y yy y
y yy y
G GG G
G GG G
J JJ J
J JJ J
? ?? ?
? ?? ?
u uu u
u uu u
s ss s
s ss s
e ee e
e ee e
f ff f
f ff f
p pp p
p pp p
p pp p
p pp p
f ff f
f ff f
o oo o
o oo o
m mm m
m mm m
; ;; ;
; ;; ;
E EE E
E EE E
S SS S
S SS S
i ii i
i ii i
f ff f
f ff f
h hh h
h hh h
r rr r
r rr r
P PP P
P PP P
d dd d
d dd d
p pp p
p pp p
E EE E
E EE E

m mm m
m mm m

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NyD/

**********
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**********



y yy y
y yy y
k kk k
k kk k
* ** *
* ** *
H HH H
H HH H
E EE E
E EE E
d dd d
d dd d
k kk k
k kk k
i ii i
i ii i
f ff f
f ff f
i ii i
i ii i
H HH H
H HH H
a aa a
a aa a
w ww w
w ww w
m mm m
m mm m
f ff f
f ff f
E EE E
E EE E
S SS S
S SS S
i ii i
i ii i
f ff f
f ff f
h hh h
h hh h
E EE E
E EE E
d dd d
d dd d
k kk k
k kk k
i ii i
i ii i
f ff f
f ff f
i ii i
i ii i
H HH H
H HH H
j jj j
j jj j
c cc c
c cc c
m mm m
m mm m
; ;; ;
; ;; ;
q qq q
q qq q
u uu u
u uu u
f ff f
f ff f
q qq q
q qq q
H HH H
H HH H
a aa a
a aa a
& && &
& && &
; ;; ;
; ;; ;

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**********
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**********



E EE E
E EE E
S SS S
S SS S
v vv v
v vv v
H HH H
H HH H
k kk k
k kk k
; ;; ;
; ;; ;
o oo o
o oo o
m mm m
m mm m
; ;; ;
; ;; ;
t tt t
t tt t
p pp p
p pp p
p pp p
p pp p
f ff f
f ff f
E EE E
E EE E
S SS S
S SS S
i ii i
i ii i
f ff f
f ff f
h hh h
h hh h
c cc c
c cc c
s ss s
s ss s
p pp p
p pp p
f ff f
f ff f
w ww w
w ww w
w ww w
w ww w
f ff f
f ff f
a aa a
a aa a
o oo o
o oo o
m mm m
m mm m
& && &
& && &
S SS S
S SS S
i ii i
i ii i
f ff f
f ff f
b bb b
b bb b
k kk k
k kk k
& && &
& && &
i ii i
i ii i
f ff f
f ff f

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t tt t
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d dd d
d dd d
k kk k
k kk k
b bb b
b bb b
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f ff f
f ff f
h hh h
h hh h
r rr r
r rr r
i ii i
i ii i
f ff f
f ff f
; ;; ;
; ;; ;
j jj j
j jj j
r rr r
r rr r
w ww w
w ww w
f ff f
f ff f
t tt t
t tt t
a aa a
a aa a
e ee e
e ee e
m mm m
m mm m
f ff f
f ff f
& && &
& && &
x xx x
x xx x
m mm m
m mm m

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t aemf&xmri f;w&m;qi fawmf]oefjri fpGm}udkcRef;zGi fh uRJdki f;xHodkYvTwf\ /
rdrd\ vufxJrSvSHudkt oi fht aet xm;rSm&Sdaponf/ qi fawmfoefjrefpGm
onf, mawmt v, fodkYOD;wnfvsuft &Sdefjyi f;pGmjzi fhajy;ae\ / rMumyg/
ri f;w&m;\ qi fonfci fwef;uav;rsm;udkvGefumuRJdki f;&Sd&m, mawmodkY
0i fvmvmygNyD/]&Srf;ESi fhqi fv, fjyi frSm}awGUMujci f;r[ kwf/]uRJESi fhbk&i f, m
jyi frSm}qHkMujci f;aywnf;/
uRJdki f;onfrdrdxHodkYwpf&Sdefxdk;ajy;0i fvmaomqi fudkjri faomfab;odkYauGU
\ / aemufodkYqkwf\ / a&SUodkYwuf\ / t rsdK;rsdK;ae&m, l a&Smi fonf/ wdrf
onf/qi fawmfay:rSmt aemf&xmri f;w&m;udkjri fNyD/onfawmhri f;w&m;udk
&efjyK&efuRJdki f;uwdkufppfqi favonf/
t aemf&xmri f;w&m;onfpD;awmfqi fudkaemufodkYcyfa0;a0;cGmoGm;\ /NyD;
awmht &Sdefjyi fpGmjzi fhuRJdki f;xHodkYab;wdkuft aet xm;rSOD;wnf vTwf
onf/qi fawmfoefjri fpGmonfri f;w&m;\ pdwfqEudkodaeonfxi f\ /
t &Sdefjyi f;pGmjzi fhyi fuRJdki f;&Sd&modkYab;wdkuft aet xm;rSajy;0i f\ /xdkt csdef
wGi fri f;w&m;onfvSHudkNrJNrJqkyfumuRJdki f;udkcsdef\ / vSHwpfypft uGmt a0;
odkYa&mufNyD/
ri f;w&m;onfuRJdki f;\ ESvHk;om;ae&mudkrSef;umvSHysHudkypfvTwf\ /uRJdki f;
onfqi fawmfoefjri fpGmeD;uyfvmonfESi fhab;odkYauGYa&Smi fygao;onf/
odkYaomfri f;w&m;\ vSHysHonfoci fjzpfolapcdki f;orQudkusdK;EGHpGmwm0efxrf;
av\ /Munfhyg/
vSHysHonfuRJdki f;\ udk, fxnfodkYwnfhwnfhBuD;pl;0i foGm;ygNyD/ uRJdki f;\
udk, fwGi fvSHcRefBuD;u[ dkbufonfbufxkwfcsi f;cwfxi fh?t oHeufBuD;jzi fh
pl;pl;0g;0g;at mf&i f;avxHrSmckefysH aeonf/

ypfrSwfudkxdNyDrdkYt aemf&xmri f;w&m;onfpD;awmfoefjri fpGmudkuRJdki f;t eD;
rSt &Sdefjzi fhxdk;xGufoGm;&efBudK;pm;onf/odkYaomfaemufusoGm;NyD.../
vSHwef;vef;ESi fhaoG;I;aoG;wef; ckefysH aeaomuRJdki f;onf qi fay:rSm
ri f;w&m;udkaemufrSvdkuf OD;csdKjzi fhcwfonf/wpfBudrfESpfBudrfrxd/oHk;Budrf
ajrmufwGi fuRJdki f;onfrdrd\ OD;csdKjzi fhqi fawmfoefjri fpGm\ 0rf;Adkufudkt &Sdef
jyi f;pGmESi fht Budrfrsm;pGma0SUcwfawmhonf/ qi fawmfoefjri fpGmonfuRJdki f;
cwfcH&awmhwpfudk, fvHk;rSmaoG;&J&JoH&J&JESi fhaygufNyJxdem&NyD/ onfawmh
oefjri fpGmonft oHudkus, fpGmat mf&i f; a&SUaemuf0J, mkef;uefvIyf, rf;
awmhonf/
qi fawmf, rf;ovdkqi fay:rSri f;w&m;vnf;, rf;cgaeNyD;/ ri f;w&m;onf
t wufEdki fqHk;xdef;ygao;\ / odkYaomf...?emusi fvGef; kef;cgckefysHaeaom
qi fawmfoefjri fpGm\ udk, fay:rSri f;w&m;onfb, fodkYrSrxdef;Edki fbJajr
jyi fay:odkYvGi fhpOfusoGm;ygNyD/
quf vmaomZmwfvrf;rSmrjri f0Hhp&m?rI&ufp&m?aMuuGJp&m?&i femp&m
Zmwfvrf;ygyJ/Munfhygawmh/ uRJdki f;onf qi fay:rSvGi fhusvmaomri f;
w&m;udkt &Sdefjyi f;pGmvdkufcwfavonf/ ri f;w&m;onf [ i f;vi f;jynfrSm
rnfodkYrSckcHEdki fpGrf;r&SdawmhNyD/ uRJdki f;cwfonfh' P fudki kwfwkwfcHvdkuf&NyD/
xkdt csdefwGi fri f;w&m;\ t oufudku, f&efAdkvfygwyfom;awG0dki f;vmMu
\ /odkYaomfaemufusacsNyD/ AdkvfygwdkYon fuRJdki f;udk0dki f;0ef;wdkufcdkufckwf
xpfMu\ /uRJdki f;onfae&mwGi fyi fvJusoGm;onf/ ri f;w&m;vnf;ae&m
wGi fyi frIrvSewf&GmpH&SmygNyD/
**********
jynfolwdkYrSmusa&mufrnfht E&m, fudkrdrdt oufESi fh&i f; umuG, fcJhaom
jynfolcspfbk&i fwpfyg;\ b0ed*Hk;rSm odkY ES, ft qHk;owfcJhNyD/ bmrQr
Mumaomw' *FwpfcP t wGi f;ri f;w&m;\ b0Zmwfvrf;ed*Hk;urwft qHk;
owfyHkrSmjyefqefvGef;ygbd/

odkYaomfw&m;awmfESi fhMunfh/bm0emESi fhod/qef;onfvnf;r[ kwf/xl;onf
vnf;r[ kwf/ wu, fqdkvQi fqefYaomvufrauG;rD?auG;aomvufrqefYrD
[ kyi fqdkkd;&SdcJhao;r[ kwfvm;/
t aemf&xmri f;w&m;\ t avmi f;awmfudkyk*HaejynfawmfodkYt crf;t em;jzi fh
o, faqmi fcJhonf/t crf;t em;qdkrSwu, fhr[ mt crf;t em;jzpf\ /jynfol
wdkYt a&;udka&SUwef;rSmwi fumt oufESi fh&i f; jynfolYt E&m, fudkumuG, f
cJhaomri f;r[ kwfvm;/ri f;w&m;\ t avmi f;awmfudkyk*HaejynfawmfodkYjyef
vnfo, f, lvmaomt crf;t em;rSmMuufysHruspnfum;aomt crf;t em;
jzpfcJhonf/
ri f;w&m;ewf&GmpHyHkudkwpfqi fhpum;wpfqi fhem; jzi fhMum;MuodMu&aom
jynfolwdkYonfrsuf&nfpufvufjzpfMu&NyD/ t pm;xdk; r&Edki fawmhaom
qHk;IH;rIBuD; t wGufyk*HjynfolwdkY&i fbwfpnfwD;i dka<u;Mu&NyD/t aemf&xm
ri f;w&m;\ t avmi f;awmfudkyk*Ha&Teef;wGi f&wfowwpfywfrQjynfolwdkY
uefawmht av;t jrwfjyKjci f;udkcH, lap\ /
xdkaemufa&Tpnf;cHkapwDjrwf\ r[ m&Ht kwfwHwdki f;jyi fywGi fri f;w&m;\ kyf
uvmyfudkjryfESHoN*FdKvfcJhavonf/
a<uuGJ0rf;enf;zG, fjzi fhaumi f;pG/ t aemf&xmri f;w&m;onfrdrdukd, fwdki f\
vkyft m;udkt &i f;jyKumjynfolwdkYt i ft m; jzi fhaygi f;pyfwnfxm; aoma&T
pnf;cHkapwDawmfBuD; NyD;qHk;oGm;onft xdoufwrf;r&SnfcJh/apwDawmfBuD;
\ t aeuZmwi fyGJrSudk, fwdki fudk, fus a&pufcst rQay;a0jci f;rjyKEdki fcJh/
rarQmfrSef;Edki faomt em*wfonfri f;w&m;\ b0udkt qHk;t jzwfay;cJhNyD/
onfawmhrdrd\ aumi f;rIawmfonfapwDudkri f;w&m;onfa&mufav&m
wrvGefb0rSOD;nTwfuefawmhaeayvdrfhrnf/ onfodkYomarQmfrSef;&awmhNyD/
, ckt cgwGi fyk*Hvufeufudki fEdki fi HawmfBuD; udkus, f0ef;pnfum;pGmwnf
axmi fcJhaomt aemf&xmri f;w&m;onft rsm;oli gvdkyi fajcmufaywGi f;0, f
at ;Ni drf;csrf;ajrhpGmpHjref; ae&SmNyD/
b0qdkwm' gygyJ/wpfcsdefut m&SwdkufwpfvTm;rSmjynfolYbk&i fjynfolYacgi f;
aqmi ft jzpf emrnfowi f;[ dk;[ dk;ausmfcJhonfhri f;/ jynfaxmi fpkEdki fi Hawmf

BuD;jzpfat mi fBudK;yrf;cJhonfhri f;/ uG, fyaeaomAk' bmomudka&mi f0gxdef
vi f;w0i f;0i f;wvuvufc&D;qufEdki fat mi fjyKpkysdK;axmi fay;cJhonfhri f;/
, ckonfri f;jrwfonft rsm;oli grqdkxm;ESi fh?bk&m;aomfrSrvGefqefEdki f
aomt edpw&m;\ zdpD;ESdyfpufrIudkaumi f;aumi f;BuD;cHoGm;&NyD/]ocFg&om;
aumi f}wpfOD;\ oGm;&mvrf;udkwef;wef;rwfrwfavQmufvSrf;cJh&NyD/
odkYaomf.../
ri f;w&m;um;vlomvQi faovGefcJh\ /emrnfum;rao/vlomvQi faysmufcJh
\ /emrnfum;raysmuf/vlomvQi fuG, fycJh\ /emrnfum;ruG, f/
t b, fhaMumi fhenf;/
t a&SU?t aemuf?Awmi f?ajrmufra&T; t zufzufwGi fvufndK;xdk;vdkYMunfh/
ri f;w&m; aqmi f&GufcJhaomEdki fi Ha&;?bmoma&;?pD;yGm;a&;vkyfi ef;awGu
vufndK;xdk; rvGJ/ t &yf&SpfrsufESmb, frSmyJMunfhMunfht jynfht 0awGY&
vdrfhrnf/
ri f;w&m;wnfjyKcJhaomwdki f;um;jynf&GmawG?bk&m;ykxdk;awG?qnfajrmi f;
uefacsmi f;awGu ae&mt ESHUus, fjyefYpGmusef&pfcJhonfrSmji i f;uG, f r&/
onfvkyfi ef;rsm; udkMunfh ri f;w&m;\ apwemo' gudkaESmi f;vlwdkYem;
vnf;Mu&NyD/onfvkyfi ef;&yfrsm;udkaxmuf ri f;w&m;\ Edki fi Ha&;vrf;pOf
udkaESmi f;vlwdkYoabmaygufMu&NyD/onfvkyfi ef;rsm;udkarQmfI ri f;w&m;\
bmoma&;t oGi fudkaESmi f;vlwdkYxi fxi fvi f;vi f;t jri f&Si f;cJhNyD;vnf;jzpf
ayonf/
onfawmh.../
jrefrmEdki fi Hordki f; wGi fwdki f;&i f;om; aoG;pnf;cspfMunfa&;udkyxrqHk;BudK;
yrf;ol?Edki fi Hawmf\ e, fedrdwfudkus, f0ef;cdki fcHpGmyxrqHk;armfuGef;wi fcJhol?
jynfolwdkYudkt awG;t ac:rSefuefapNyD;jynfolvlxkwpf&yfvHk;\ vufwGJnD
nDaxmufcHrIudkyxrqHk;&&SdcJhol t rsdK;om;acgi f;aqmi f aumi f;wpfOD;ay:
xGef;cJhzl;onfqdkygpdkY/

onfacgi f;aqmi fonfri f;jrwf]t aemf&xm t aemf&xm t aemf&xm t aemf&xm}rSvGJ b, folrsm;jzpfEdki fOD;
rnfenf;/
wuodkvfpdefwi f wuodkvfpdefwi f wuodkvfpdefwi f wuodkvfpdefwi f

Myanmar Cupid Myanmar Cupid Myanmar Cupid Myanmar Cupid t wGuf t wGuf t wGuf t wGuf
p pp p p pp pm mm m m mm m k kk k k kk kd dd d d dd du uu u u uu uf ff f f ff f: : : : g gg g g gg gd dd d d dd dc cc c c cc ch hh h h hh ha aa a a aa ao oo o o oo os ss s s ss s
F Fr ro om m 2 26 6 J Ju ul ly y 2 20 00 08 8 t to o 0 02 2 M Ma ar r 2 20 00 09 9
p pm mp pD DE ES Si i f fh hP PD DF F c co on nv ve er rs si io on n : : j jo oh hn nk ko ok ko o
D Da at te e o of f R Re el le ea as se e: : 2 24 4 M Ma ay y 2 20 00 09 9


r rr r
r rr r
S SS S
S SS S
D DD D
D DD D
N NN N
N NN N
i ii i
i ii i
r rr r
r rr r
f ff f
f ff f
; ;; ;
; ;; ;
j jj j
j jj j
y yy y
y yy y
K KK K
K KK K
p pp p
p pp p
m mm m
m mm m
t tt t
t tt t
k kk k
k kk k
y yy y
y yy y
f ff f
f ff f
r rr r
r rr r
s ss s
s ss s
m mm m
m mm m
; ;; ;
; ;; ;
1/ udk, fydki ft pGrf;-"r' ge
2/ udk, fawGY0wKrsm; (37ri f;)-t rsdK;om;ynm0efOD;zdk;usm;
3/ ZmwmawmfyHk&mZ0i f-OD;vSwi f(vSordef)
4/ wGi f;oi f;r[ m&mZ0i fopf-wGi f;oi f;wdkuf0efr[ mpnfol
5/ yk*Hacwfjri fuGi f;us, f-vSordef
6/ yk*HrysufrDu jrefrmhordki f; bmomjyefol-at mi foef;(rEav;)
7/ yk*H&ufowywfa[ majymcsufrsm;-a&S;a[ mi f;okawoemXme
8/ rSefeef; r[ m&mZ0i fawmfBuD;-yxrt kyf
9/ jrefrmri f; t kyfcsKyfyHkpmwrf;-y?' k?w
10/ jrefrmEdki fi Hawmf&[ Emt &d[ mrsm;\ axkywd-OD;omoem0dok' d
11/ jrefrmpG, fpHkusrf;-t wGJ2?6?12?14
12/ a&S;a[ mi f;jrefrm&mZ0i fESi fh, Ofaus;rIokawoe-OD;zdk;vwf
13/ a&Gpnf;cHkrGefausmufpm-ygarmuOD;azarmi fwi f
14/ &Si ft &[ Ht &d-t &D;t wKywd-("r' ge) ci fpdefMunfykHESdyfwdkuf
15/ ordki f;0i fyk*HapwDykxdk;rsm;-OD;oef;aqG
16/ t awGUt jri fopfrsm;-armi faomf
17/ t opfjri fArmordki f;-a' gufwmoef;xGef; (ordki f;ygarmu)
18/ t y, f&wemvdkP f*lbk&m;-oD&dysHcsDOD;jr (ausmufpm0ef)
19/ t ajcjy jrefrmhEdki fi Ha&;ordki f;-jrefrmhqdk&S, fvpfvrf;pOfygwD
20/ at mi fyGJcHordki f;-Munfoi f;
21/ OD;ukvm; r[ m&mZ0i f-yxrwGJ
22/ jrefrmEdki fi Hppfordki f;aqmi f;yg;-(eef;apmppfrsm;) Adkvfr;b&Si f
23/ jrefrmEdki fi Hppfordki f;aqmi f;yg;-t wGJ11?t rSwf4
(t aemf&xmri f;BuD;\ Edki fi Hxl;axmi frIqdki f&mppfa&;rsm;)
24/ jrefrmEdki fi Hppfordki f;aqmi f;yg; t wGJ12?t rSwf1
(yk*Hacwft apmydki f;umv ppfrIa&;&mrsm;)

jrefrmusL;ypfpmpOf jrefrmusL;ypfpmpOf jrefrmusL;ypfpmpOf jrefrmusL;ypfpmpOf
rsufESmzHk;' DZdki f;-t drfOD;
pmdkuf-gdchaos
pmpD?t qi ft jyi fESi hfpdf- johnkoko

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rsufESmzHk;' DZdki f;-t drfOD;

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