1 - Gii thiu mng di ng GSM

nh ngha GSM
GSM l vit tt ca t " The Global System for Mobile
Cpommunication" - Mng thng tin di ng ton cu.
- GSM l tiu chun chung cho cc thu bao di ng di chuyn
gia cc v tr a l khc nhau m vn gi c lin lc .

Cc mng in thoi GSM vit nam .
Vit Nam v cc nc trn Th gii , mng in thoi GSM
vn chim a s, Vit Nam c 3 mng in thoi GSM l :
- Mng Vinaphone : 091 => 094...
- Mng Mobiphone : 090 => 093...
- Mng Vietel 098...

Cng ngh ca mng GSM
Cc mng in thoi GSM s dng cng ngh TDMA
- TDMA l vit tt ca t " Time Division Multiple Access " -
Phn chia cc truy cp theo thi gian .
Gii thch : y l cng ngh cho php 8 my di ng c th
s dng chung 1 knh m thoi , mi my s s dng 1/8
khe thi gian truyn v nhn thng tin.

Cng ngh CDMA .
Khc vi cng ngh TDMA ca cc mng GSM l cng ngh
CDMA ca cc mng nh
- Mng Sphone 095...
- Mng EVN.Telecom 096...
- Mng HTL 092...
- CDMA l vit tt ca " Code Division Multiple Access " -
Phn chia cc truy cp theo m .
Gii thch : Cng ngh CDMA s dng m s cho mi cuc
gi, v n khng s dng mt knh m thoi nh cng
ngh TDMA m s dng c mt ph tn (nhiu knh mt lc)
v vy cng ngh ny c tc truyn dn tn hiu cao hn
cng ngh TDMA

Cu trc c bn ca mng di ng .
Mi mng in thoi di ng c nhiu tng i chuyn mch
MSC cc khu vc khc nhau ( V d nh tng i min Bc,
min Trung, min Nam) v mi Tng i li c nhiu trm thu
pht v tuyn BSS
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Mng in thoi di ng GSM
Bng tn GSM 900 MHz .
- Nu bn s dng thu bao mng Vinaphone, Mobiphone
hoc Vietel l bn ang s dng cng ngh GSM.
Cng ngh GSM c chia lm 3 bng tn
- Bng tn GSM 900MHz
- Bng tn GSM 1800MHz
- V bng tn GSM 1900MHz
Tt c cc mng in thoi Vit Nam hin ang pht bng
tn 900MHz , cc nc trn Th gii s dng bng tn
1800MHz, M s dng bng tn 1900MHz .

Bng tn GSM 900MHz
Vi bng GSM 900MHz , in thoi di ng thu di sng
935MHz n 960MHz v pht di sng 890MHz n
915MHz
Khi in thoi dd thu t i pht trn mt tn s no ( trong
gii 935MHz n 960MHz ) n s tr i 45MHz ly ra tn
s pht, khong cch gia tn s thu v pht ca bng GSM
900 lun lun l 45MHz .
Tn s thu v pht ca my di ng l do tng i iu khin .
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Bng tn GSM 1800 MHz .

Bng tn GSM 1800 MHz
bng 1800M, in thoi d thu di sng 1805MHz n
1880MHz v pht di sng 1710MHz n 1785MHz
Khi in thoi dd thu t i pht trn mt tn s no ( trong
gii 1805MHz n 1880MHz ) n s tr i 95MHz ly ra
tn s pht , khong cch gia tn s thu v pht ca bng
GSM 1800 l 95MHz .
So snh 2 bng tn .

Bng tn GSM 900MHz v bng tn GSM 1800MHz

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Ti s dng tn s .

Ton b di tn pht cho mng GSM 900M ch c t 890MHz
n 915MHz tc l c 25MHz, mi knh chim mt khe tn s
200KHz => nh vy c khong 125 knh thoi c th s dng
mt lc, mi knh thoi c chia thnh 8 khe thi gian trong
1/8 thi gian ginh cho tn hiu iu khin, 7/8 khe thi gian
cn li dnh cho 7 thu bao v nh vy tng s thu bao c th
lin lc trong mt thi im l 125 x 7 = 875 .
875 thu bao c th lin lc ng thi trong mt thi im cho
mt mng di ng, y l con s qu t khng p ng c
nhu cu s dng, v vy ti s dng tn s l phng php lm
tng s thu bao di ng c th lin lc trong mt thi im ln
ti con s hng triu .
Phng php ti s dng tn s .
- Ngi ta chia mt Thnh ph ra thnh nhiu hnh lc gic
=> gi l Cell , mi c mt trm BTS thu pht tn hiu, cc
khng lin nhau c th pht chung mt tn s ( nh hnh di
th cc c cng mu xanh hay mu vng c th pht chung tn
s )
- Vi phng php trn ngi ta c th chia ton b gii tn ra
lm 3 pht trn cc khng lin k nh 3 mu di y, v
nh vy mi c th phc v cho 875 / 3 = khong 290 thu
bao .
- Trong mt Thnh ph c th c hng trm trm thu pht BTS
v vy n c th phc v c hng chc ngn thu bao c th
lin lc trong cng mt thi im .
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2 - Cc thnh phn ca mng di ng

Thnh ph c chia thnh nhiu hnh lc
gic, mi c t mt trm thu pht BTS .
Pht tn hiu trong mi
Tn hiu trong mi c pht theo mt trong hai phng
php
- Pht ng hng
- Pht c hng theo gc 120
o


Mng in thoi di ng GSM
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Mng in thoi di ng GSM
My cm tay MS ( Mobile Station )
Trong mi my di ng cm tay khi lin lc, nh qun l iu
hnh mng s qun l theo hai m s .
- S SIM y l m nhn dng di ng thu bao Quc t, da
vo m s ny m nh qun l c th qun l c cc cuc gi
cng nh cc dch v gia tng khc .
- S IMEI y l s nhn dng di ng Quc t, s ny c
np vo b nh ROM khi in thoi c xut xng, mi my
in thoi c mt s IMEI duy nht, cc nc trn th gii -
s IMEI c cc nh cung cp dch v qun l, v vy nc
ngoi nu mt in thoi di ng b nh cp th chng cng
th s dng c
- Vi cc cng ngh tin tin ngy nay, nu bn bt my in
thoi ln, ngi ta c th bit bn ang ng u chnh xc
ti phm vi 10m
2
l cng ngh nh v ton cu .


ngha s IMEI
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ngha s SIM

S thu bao IMSI

H thng tng i
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3 - Cc cng ngh v tuyn

Cc giao din v tuyn
Knh vt l v knh Logic
Knh vt l l knh tn s dng truyn ti thng tin. V
d: Knh tn s 890MHz l knh vt l.
Knh logic l knh do knh vt l chia tch. Trong GSM, mt
knh vt l c chia ra lm 8 knh logic.

Mt knh Logic chim 1/8 khe thi gian ca knh vt l
Knh vt l l knh c tn s xc nh, c di thng 200KHz
Knh m thoi .
Lu lng knh m thoi s c truyn i trn cc knh
Logic, mi knh vt l c th h tr 7 knh m thoi v mt
knh iu khin .
Knh iu khin
Mi knh vt l s dng 1/8 thi gian lm knh iu khin,
knh iu khin s gi t i pht n my thu cc thng tin
iu khin ca tng i .
Cc k thut iu ch tn hiu .
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K thut iu bin :



K thut iu bin lm thay i bin tn hiu theo tn hiu s


K thut iu tn .




K thut iu tn lm thay i tn s tn hiu theo tn hiu s

K thut iu pha

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K thut iu pha lm thay i pha tn hiu theo tn hiu s

Cng ngh di ng s dng k thut iu pha, y l k thut
thng c s dng cho mch iu ch s .
iu khin cng sut pht ca my di ng .
V sao phi iu khin cng sut pht ca my di ng ?
=> gim cng sut pht ca my di ng khi khng cn
thit tit kim nng lng tiu th cho pin .
=> Gim c nhiu cho cc knh tn s ln cn
=> Gim nh hng sc kho cho ngi s dng .

Khi ta bt ngun Mobile, knh thu s thu tn hiu qung b ca
i pht, tn hiu thu c i chiu vi d liu trong b nh
SIM Mobile c th nhn ra mng ch ca mnh, sau
Mobile s pht tn hiu iu khin v i pht (khong 3-4
giy), tn hiu c thu qua cc trm BTS v c truyn v
tng i MSC, tng i s ghi li v tr ca Mobile vo trong
Data Base.
Sau khi pht tn hiu iu khin v tng i, Mobile ca bn s
chuyn sang ch ngh ( khng pht tn hiu ) v sau khong
15 pht n mi pht tn hiu iu khin v tng i 1 ln .
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Thu tn hiu ngt qung
i pht pht i cc tn hiu qung b nhng tn hiu ny cng
pht xen k vi cc khong thi gian ri v thi gian pht tin
nhn .

Khi khng c cuc gi th in thoi s thu c tn hiu ngt
qung cho in thoi gi c s lin lc vi tng i .
Khi thu bao di chuyn gia cc ( Cell )
Khi bn ng trong Cell th nht, bn bt my v tng i
thu c tn hiu tr li t ng t in thoi ca bn => tng
i s lu v tr ca bn trong Data Base
Khi bn di chuyn sang mt Cell khc, nh tn hiu thu t
knh qung b m in thoi ca bn hiu rng tn hiu thu t
trm BTS th nht ang yu dn v c mt tn hiu thu t mt
trm BTS khc ang mnh dn ln, n mt thi im nht
nh, in thoi ca bn s t ng pht tn hiu iu khin v
i pht tng i ghi li v tr mi ca bn .
Khi c mt ai cm my gi cho bn, ban u n s pht i
mt yu cu kt ni n tng i, tng i s tm du vt thu
bao ca bn trong c s d liu, nu tm thy n s cho kt ni
n trm BTS m bn ang ng pht tn hiu tm thu bao
ca bn .
Khi tng i nhn c tn hiu tr li sn sng kt ni ( do
my ca bn pht li t ng ) tng i s iu khin cc trm
BTS tm knh cn ri thit lp cuc gi => lc ny my ca
bn mi c rung v chung .
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