Plant Operation by Dr. AA, 2008 Page 2.

1c - #
Piping and Instrumentation Piping and Instrumentation
Diagram Diagram
Dr. AA
PiCS, UTM
Piping and Instrumentation Diagram
Similarly to electrical schemas, the control industry
(especially the chemical and process industry) describes its
plants and their instrumentation by a
P&ID (pronounce P.N.I.D.) (Piping and Instrumentation
Diagram), sometimes called P&WD (Piping and wiring
diagrams)
The P&ID shows the flows in a plant (in the chemical or
process industry) and the corresponding sensors or actors.
At the same time, the P&ID gives a name ("tag") to each
sensor and actor, along with additional parameters.
This tag identifies a "point" not only on the screens and
controllers, but also on the objects in the field.
Plant Operation by Dr. AA, 2008 Page 2.1c - #
Piping & Instrumentation Diagram (P & I)
P & I should be included with
All process equipment identified by equipment number
All pipes identified by a line number. Pipe size and material
of construction should be shown (material may include as a
part of the identification number)
All valves with an identification no. along with their type &
size should be shown
Ancillary fittings that are part of piping system such as inline
sight glasses, strainers and stream traps with an
identification no.
Pumps identified by a suitable code no.
All control loops and instruments with identification
Plant Operation by Dr. AA, 2008 Page 2.1c - #
M M
e e
as as
ur ur
e e
d d
V V
ar ar
ia ia
bl bl
e e
T T
yp yp
e e
of of
C C
o o
n n
dit dit
io io
n n
er er
T T
yp yp
e e
of of
C C
o o
m m
p p
o o
n n
e e
nt nt
F F
= =
Fl Fl
o o
w w
R R
= =
R R
ec ec
or or
d d
er er
T T
= =
Tr Tr
a a
ns ns
mi mi
tt tt
er er
L L
= =
L L
ev ev
el el
I I
= =
In In
di di
ca ca
to to
r r
M M
= =
M M
o o
dif dif
ie ie
r r
P P
= =
Pr Pr
es es
su su
re re
C C
= =
C C
o o
nt nt
ro ro
lle lle
r r
E E
= =
El El
e e
m m
e e
nt nt
Q Q
= =
Q Q
u u
a a
nti nti
ty ty
A A
= =
Al Al
ar ar
m m
T T
= =
T T
e e
m m
p p
er er
at at
ur ur
e e
Instrument Identification
P&ID
The P&ID mixes pneumatic / hydraulic elements, electrical elements
and instruments on the same diagram
It uses a set of symbols dened in the ISA S5.1 standard.
Examples of pneumatic / hydraulic symbols:
pipe
valve
binary (or solenoid) valve (on/off)
350 kW
heater
vessel / reactor
pump, also
heat exchanger
analog valve (continuous)
one-way valve (diode)
Plant Operation by Dr. AA, 2008 Page 2.1c - #
Instrumentation identification
V1528
FIC
S
tag name of the
corresponding
variable
function
(here: valve)
mover
(here: solenoid)
The first letter defines the measured or initiating variables such as Analysis (A), Flow (F),
Temperature (T), etc. with succeeding letters defining readout, passive, or output functions such
as Indicator (I), Record (R), Transmit (T), and so forth
ISA S5.1 General instrument or function symbols
Primary location
accessible to
operator
Field mounted
Auxiliary location
accessible to
operator
Discrete
instruments
Shared
display,
shared control
Computer
function
Programmable
logic control
1. Symbol size may vary according to the user's needs and the type of document.
2. Abbreviations of the user's choice may be used when necessary to specify location.
3. Inaccessible (behind the panel) devices may be depicted using the same symbol but with a
dashed horizontal bar.
Source: Control Engineering with data from ISA S5.1 standard
Plant Operation by Dr. AA, 2008 Page 2.1c - #
Example of P&ID
FT101 is a field-mounted flow
transmitter connected via
electrical signals (dotted line) to
flow indicating controller FIC
101 located in a shared
control/display device
Square root extraction of the
input signal is part of FIC 101s
functionality.
The output of FIC 101 is an electrical signal to TY 101
located in an inaccessible or behind-the-panel-board location.
The output signal from TY 101
is a pneumatic signal (line with
double forward slash marks)
making TY 101 an I/P (current
to pneumatic transducer)
TT 101 and TIC 101 are
similar to FT 101 and FIC 101
but are measuring,
indicating, and controlling
temperature
TIC 101s output is connected
via an internal software or
data link (line with bubbles) to
the setpoint (SP) of FIC 101
to form a cascade control
strategy
The ISA code for instrument type
F
i
r
s
t
l
e
t
t
e
r
M
e
a
s
u
r
e
d
o
r
i
n
i
t
i
a
t
i
n
g
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
M
o
d
i
f
i
e
r
A A
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
B B
u
r
n
e
r
,
c
o
m
b
u
s
t
i
o
n
C U
s
e
r
'
s
c
h
o
i
c
e
D U
s
e
r
'
s
c
h
o
i
c
e
D
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
i
a
l
E V
o
l
t
a
g
e
F F
l
o
w
r
a
t
e
R
a
t
i
o
n
(
f
r
a
c
t
i
o
n
)
G U
s
e
r
'
s
c
h
o
i
c
e
H H
a
n
d
I C
u
r
r
e
n
t
(
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
)
J P
o
w
e
r
S
c
a
n
K T
i
m
e
,
t
i
m
e
s
c
h
e
d
u
l
e
T
i
m
e
r
a
t
e
o
f
c
h
a
n
g
e
L L
e
v
e
l
M U
s
e
r
'
s
c
h
o
i
c
e
M
o
m
e
n
t
a
r
y
N U
s
e
r
'
s
c
h
o
i
c
e
O U
s
e
r
'
s
c
h
o
i
c
e
P P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e
,
v
a
c
u
u
m
Q Q
u
a
n
t
i
t
y
I
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
,
t
o
t
a
l
i
z
e
r
R R
a
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
S S
p
e
e
d
,
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
S
a
f
e
t
y
T T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
U M
u
l
t
i
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
V V
i
b
r
a
t
i
o
n
,
m
e
c
h
a
n
i
c
a
l
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
W W
e
i
g
h
t
,
f
o
r
c
e
X U
n
c
l
a
s
s
i
f
i
e
d
X
a
x
i
s
Y E
v
e
n
t
,
s
t
a
t
e
,
o
r
p
r
e
s
e
n
c
e
Y
a
x
i
s
Z P
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
,
d
i
m
e
n
s
i
o
n
Z
a
x
i
s
Plant Operation by Dr. AA, 2008 Page 2.1c - #
Common connecting lines
Connection to process, or
instrument supply
Pneumatic signal
Electric signal
Capillary tubing (filled system)
Hydraulic signal
Electromagnetic or sonic
signal (guided)
Internal system link
(software or data link)
Source: Control Engineering with data from ISA S5.1 standard
Many Standards
DIN
ISA
etc