Normal roadway conditions:

maxN
22.5deg := 100 tan
maxN
( )
41.421 = % maximum slope angle
f
N
0.014 :=

maxN
f
N

maxN
,
( )
:=
maxN
0.396 = total road resistance
coefficient

N
0.9 :=
Difficult road conditions (dirt):

maxR
22.5deg := 100 tan
maxR
( )
41.421 = % maximum slope angle
f
R
0.03 :=

maxR
f
R

maxR
,
( )
:=
maxR
0.41 = total road resistance
coefficient

R
0.8 :=
Dynamic load changing coefficient at the limit of grip:
Normal conditions (tarmac):
m
Nnmi
cos
maxN
( )
:= m
Nnmi
0.924 =
Difficult conditions (dirt):
m
Rnmi
cos
maxR
( )
:= m
Rnmi
0.924 =
Maximum grade:

maxmm
( ) atan ( ) :=

ad
0 0.05 ,
v
.. :=
0 0.5 1
0
10
20
30
40
50
All wheel drive
Maximum grade

maxmm

ad
( )
deg

ad