Introductory Exercise 5.

1
1. N Nor mal force on cylinder by plank
R Normal force on cylinder by ground,
f Force of friction by ground by cylinder,
w Weight of cylinder.
N f cos
w N R + sin ,
N R ( ) Reaction to N,
i.e.,normal force on plank by cylinder
R Normal force on plank by ground,
w Weight of plank,
f frictional force on plank by ground.
Resultant of f and R, N R ( ) and w pass
through point O.
2.
R Normal force on sphere A by left wall,
N Normal force on sphere A by ground,
N Normal force on sphere A by sphere B,
w
A
Weight of sphere A.
N R cos
N w N
A
+ sin
R Normal force on sphere B by right
wall,
N R ( ) Reaction to N i.e. normal force on
sphere B by sphere A,
w
B
Weight of sphere B,
R, N R ( ) and w
B
pass through point O, the
centre sphere B.
3. N Normal force on sphere by wall,
Laws of Motion 5
N(R)
Q
R'

O
w
f' P Ground
(Force acting on
plank)
N

R
w
A
N'
Force on sphere A
N (R)

R
w
B
O
R'
B
Force of sphere B
N
O
B
w
C

A
w
R

f
N
Force acting on cylinder
w Weight of sphere,
T Tension in string.
4. Component of F
1

along x-axis : 4 30 2 3 cos N
along y-axis : 4 30 2 sin N
Component of F
2

along x-axis : 4 120 2 cos N

along y-axis : 4 120 2 3 sin N
Component of F
3

along x-axis : 6 270 0 cos N

along y-axis : 6 270 6 sin N
Component of F
4

along x-axis : 4 0 4 cos N

along y-axis : 4 0 0 sin N
5. Tak ing mo ment about point A
AB l
( sin ) T l w
l
30
2

T w
6. See figure (answer to question no. 3)
sin
+
OA
OB BC

+

a
a a
1
2
T w cos 30
or T w
3
2

or T w
2
3
7. R f cos cos 30 3 60 +
i.e.,
R f 3
2
3
2
+
or R f 3 6 + (i)
and R f sin sin 30 60 10 +
i.e., R f
1
2
3
2
10 +
or R f + 3 20 (ii)
Substituting the value of f from Eq. (i) in
Eq. (ii)
R R + + ( ) 3 6 3 20
4 6 3 20 R +
R

20 6 3
4
2.4 N
f + ( ) 2.4 3 6
10.16 N
8. At point B (instantaneous vertical
acceleration only)
mg T ma sin 45 (i)
At point A (instantaneous horizontal
acceleration only)
T ma cos 45 (ii)
Combining Eqs. (i) and (ii)
mg ma ma
a
g

2
Laws of Motion 75
30
T sin 30
B
O
w
A
T
AB = l
30
R
f
60
60
10 N
3N
N
A
T
T
45
B
mg
Introductory Exercise 5.2
1. Acceleration of system
a
+ +
+ +
( ) ( ) 120 50
1 4 2
10 m/s
2
Let normal force between 1 kg block and
4 kg block F
1
Net force on 1 kg block 120 N
a
F

120
1
1
or 10 120
1
F
i.e., F
1
110 N
Net force on 2 kg block 2 a
2 10
20 N
2. As, 4 30 2 30 g g sin sin >
The normal force between the two blocks
will be zero.
3. N R
mg
( )
4
N
mg

4
As lift is moving downward with
acceleration a, the pseudo force on A will
be ma acting in the upward direction.
For the block to be at rest w.r.t. lift.
N ma mg +
or
mg
ma mg
4
+
a g
3
4
4. Angle made by the string with the normal
to the ceiling 30
As the train is moving with constant
velocity no pseudo force will act on the
plumb-bob.
Tension in spring mg
1 10
10 N
5. Pseudo force ( ) ma on plumb-bob will be
as shown in figure
T mg ma cos cos ( ) + 90
i.e., T mg ma cos sin + (i)
and T ma sin cos
Squaring and adding Eqs. (i) and (ii),
T m g m a m ag
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 + + sin sin
+ m a
2 2 2
cos (iii)
T m g m a m ag
2 2 2 2 2 2
+ + (Q 30 )
+ + m g m
g
m
g
g
2 2 2
2
2
4 2
(Qa
g

2
)

7
4
2 2
m g
or T
mg

7
2
5 7 N
Dividing Eq. (i) by Eq. (ii),
tan
cos
sin

+
ma
mg ma

76 | Mechanics-1
mg
N (R) = N
ma
N
a
A
= 30
v

(
c
o
n
s
t
a
n
t
)
mg
T
= 30

a
9
0

ma
T
mg

+
a
g a
cos
sin

+
cos
sin

2


+
cos
sin
30
2 30

3
5
i.e.,
,

,
]
]
]

tan
1
3
5
6.
a
+ +
8
2 1 1
2 m/s
2
Net force on 1 kg mass 8
2
T
8 1 2
2
T
T
2
6 N
Net force on 1 kg block T
1
T a
1
2 2 2 4 N
Introductory Exercise 5.3
1. F g g 2 30 sin
For the system to remain at rest
T g
2
2 (i)
T F T
2 1
+ (ii)
or T g T
2 1
+ [ii (a)]
T mg
1
(iii)
Substituting the values of T
1
and T
2
from
Eqs. (iii) and (i) in Eq. [ii(a)]
2g g mg +
i.e., m 3 kg
2. As net downward force on the system is
zero, the system will be in equilibrium
T g
1
4
and T g
2
1

T
T
1
2
4
3. 2 2 g T a
Laws of Motion 77
2kg 1kg
F = 8 N
A B
2kg 1kg 8 N
T
1
T
1
T
2
T
2
B
A
T
1
T
1
mg
T
2
T
2
2 g
T
1
T
2
T
2
F
T
1
T
1
T
1
T
2
T
2
T
1
4g
1g
3g
T
T T
T
1g
2g
a
a
T g a 1 1
Adding above two equations
1 3 g a
a
g

3
Velocity of 1kg block 1 section after the
system is set in motion
v at + 0

g
3
1

g
3
(upward)
On stopping 2 kg, the block of 1kg will go
upwards with retardation g. Time ( ) t
taken by the 1 kg block to attain zero
velocity will be given by the equation.
0
3

j
(
,
\
,
( +
g
g t ( )
t
1
3
s
If the 2 kg block is stopped just for a
moment (time being much-much less than
1
3
s), it will also start falling down when
the stopping time ends.
In t
j
(
,
\
,
(
1
3
s time upward displacement of
1 kg block

u
a
g
g
g
2 2
2
3
2 18
( / )
Downward displacement of 2 kg block

j
(
,
\
,
(
1
2
1
2 3 18
2
2
at g
g g
As the two are just equal, the string will
again become taut after time
1
3
s.
4. F g T a + 1 1 (i)
and T g a 2 2 (ii)
Adding Eqs. (i) and (ii),
F g a 1 3
a
20 10
3

10
3
ms
2
Introductory Exercise 5.4
1. 2 2 T a (i)
and 1 2 g T a (ii)
Solving Eqs. (i) and (ii),
a
g

3
Acceleration of 1 kg block
2
2
3
20
3
a
g
ms
2
Tension in the string
T
g

3
10
3
N
2. Mg T Ma (i)
78 | Mechanics-1
T
T T
T
F
2g
a
1g
a
T T
2 kg
2T
a
1g
T
T
T T
2a
2T
T T
mg
T
T
a
M
T
T
a
T Ma (ii)
Solving Eqs. (i) and (ii)
a
g

2

and T Mg
3. Block of mass M will be at rest if
T Mg (i)
For the motion of block of mass 3 kg
3
2
3 g
T
a (ii)
For the motion of block of mass 2 kg
T
g a
2
2 2 (iii)
Adding Eqs. (ii) and (iii),
g a 5
i.e., a
g

5
Substituting above value of a in Eq. (iii),
T
g a
2
2 + ( )
or T g
g
+
j
(
,
\
,
( 4
5

24
5
g
Substituting value of above value of T in
Eq. (i),
M
24
5
4.8 kg
4.
T
m a
2
2
1

i.e., T m a 4
1
(i)
F T m a
2
(ii)
or F m a m a 4
1 2
or a
F
m m

+ 4
1 2

+
0.40
0.3 0.2 ( ) 4

0.40
1.4

2
7
ms
2
T m a 4
1
4
2
7
0.3

2.4
7

12
35
N
Laws of Motion 79
M
T
T
Mg
T
T
2g
3g
T/2
T/2
T/2
T/2
a
a
T/2 T/2
2a
T/2 T/2
T T
a
F
Introductory Exercise 5.5
1. Block on triangular block will not slip if
m a m g
1 1
cos sin
i.e., a g tan (i)
N m g m a +
1 1
cos sin (ii)
For the movement of triangular block
T N m a sin
2
(iii)
For the movement of the block of mass M
Mg T Ma (iv)
Adding Eqs. (iii) and (iv),
Mg N m M a + sin ( )
2
Substituting the value of N from Eq. (ii) in
the above equation
Mg m g m a + ( cos sin ) sin
1 1

+ ( ) m a Ma
2
i.e., M g a m g ( ) cos sin
1

+ + ( sin ) m m a
2 1
2

Substituting value of a from Eq. (i) in the

above equation,
M m ( tan ) cos sin 1
1

+ + ( sin ) tan m m
2 1
2

M
m m m

+ +

1 2 1
2
1
cos sin ( sin ) tan
( tan )

Substituting 30 1
1
, m kg and
m
2
4 kg
M
+ +

(cos sin sin ) tan
( tan )
30 30 4 30 30
1 30
2

+ 0.443 4.25 0.577
0.423
( ) ( )
6.82 kg
2. (a) Using s s ut at + +
0
2
1
2
Displacement of block at time t relative to
car would be
x x t t + +
0
2
10
1
2
5 ( )
or x x t t +
0
2
10 2.5
Velocity of block at time t (relative to car)
will be
v
dx
dt
t 10 5
(b) Time ( ) t for the block to arrive at the
original position (i.e., x x
0
) relative to
car
x x t t
0 0
2
10 + 2.5
t 4 s
3. (a) In cars frame position of object at time
t would be given by
In cars frame
x x t t + +
0
2
0
1
2
5 ( )
i.e., x x t
0
2
2.5 (i)
and z z t + 10 (ii)
Velocity of the object at time t would be
v
dx
dt
t
x
5 (iii)
and v
dz
dt
z
10 (iv)
(b) In ground frame the position of the
object at time t would be given by
80 | Mechanics-1

m a
1
m g sin
1
N m a cos
1
m
g
c
o
s

1
N
m a sin
1
N sin
M
Mg
a
T
T
Car
O
x
0
x
v = 0
2
a = 5i ms
1
u = 10i ms
2
a = 5i ms
(at t = 0)
O
x
0
1
u = 10k ms
x 2
a = 5i ms
v = 0
z
2
a = 5 ms
(at t = 0 s)
z
0
In ground frame
x x
0
and z z t +
0
10
Velocity of the object at time t would be
v
dx
dt
x
0
and v
dz
dt
z


10
1
ms
4. m 2 kg
Normal force on object mg
Maximum sliding friction
s
mg
0.3 2 10 6 N
Deceleration due to friction
6
2
3 m/s
2
Deceleration due to pseudo force 5 m/s
2
Net deceleration + ( ) 3 5 m/s
2
8 m/s
2
Displacement of object at any time t
(relative to car)
x x t t + +
0
2
10
1
2
8 ( )
or x x t t +
0
2
10 4
Thus, velocity of object at any time t
(relative to car)
v
dx
dt
t
x
10 8
The object will stop moving relative to car
when
10 8 0 t i.e., t 1.25 s
v t
x
10 8 for 0< < t 1.25 s
For block not to slide the frictional force
( ) f would be given by
f ma mg + cos sin
or f mg ma sin cos
m m 10
3
5
3
4
5

18
5
m

9
25
mg
AIEEE Corner
Subjective Questions (Level 1)
1. FBD is given in the answer.
2. FBD is given in the answer.
3. FBD is given in the answer.
4.
At point P, F
T
T
T
1
1
2
1
2 2
and
At point Q, F
T
W
T
2
1 1
2 2
and
5.
N N
A B
sin30
and N W
A
cos 30
Laws of Motion 81
O
x
0
1
u = 10i ms
x 2
a = 5i ms
v = 0
z

f
ma
mg sin
2
a = 3 ms
= 37
O
x
0
1
u = 10k ms
2
a = 5i ms
v = 0
At t = 0
z
0
F
2
W
Q
T
1
45
45
P
F
1
T
2
T
1
30
N
A
W
N
B
82 | Mechanics-1
6.

T
W
2
2
and
T
T
2
1
2

7.
N 40 (i)
f 20 (ii)
and f N x 10 (iii)
8.
T f N + cos sin 30 30 (i)
N f W cos sin 30 30 + (ii)
T R fR (iii)
9.
V
T
W +
3
2
(i)
H
T

2
(ii)
Net moment about O zero
. W
l T
l
2
3
2
(iii)
10. (a) a

+ +

100 40
6 4 10
3
2
m/s
(b) Net force ma
F F
6 4
18 12 N, N and F
10
30 N
(c) N F 40 30
10
N 70 N.
11. a
F
m m m

+ +

1 2 3
60
60
1 m/s
2
(a) T m a
1 1
10 N
T T m a
2 1 2

T
2
10 20
T
2
30 N
(b) T
1
0 . New acceleration
a
60
50
1.2m s
2
/
T m a
2 2
24 N
12. (a)
T g a
1
2 2
(b)
T g a
2
5 5
x
f
10 cm
W = 20 N
N
40 N
N
T
30
30
f
W
W
V
O
T/2 H
3 T
2
1.9 kg
0.1 kg
T
1
2 g
a
45
W
T
1
T
2
1.9 kg
0.2 kg
T
2
5 g
a
2.9 kg
13. (a) a
g

200 16
16
(b) T g a
1
11 11
(c) T g a
2
9 9
14. If the monkey exerts a force F on the rope
upwards, then same force F transfers to
bananas also. If monkey releases her hold
on rope both monkey and bananas fall
freely under gravity.
15. Tension on B T
Tension on A T 3
Now in these situations a
T

1
16. x x x
A C B
+ + 2 constant.
Differentiating twice w.r.t. time we get the
acceleration relation.
17.
a
a
A
B
sin
a a
A B
sin
18. x y + 6 (i)
y x 4 (ii)
Solving, we get
x 1 m/s
2
19. a
g g

7 3
10
4 m/s
2
40 4
1
T a
30 3
1 2
+ T T a
T a
3
10 1
20.
T a
1
1 (i)
T a a
r 1
20 2 2 ( / ) (ii)
30 3 2
1
+ T a a
r
( / ) (iii)
21.
T Mg Ma sin30 (i)
2 2 2
2
Mg T M
a
(ii)
22. T a 1 (i)
10 1 T a (ii)
23.
50 2 5 T a (i)
T a 40 4 2 ( ) (ii)
24. (a) N 40 N,
s
N 24 N
F N
s
<
f 20 N and a 0
(b) N 20 N,
s
N 12 N
and
k
N 8 N
Laws of Motion 83

a
B
a
A
x
y
x
y
1
2
3
a
r
2
3
1
a
a
r
T
1
T
1
2T
1
T
1
a
2
T
1
T = T
1 2
T
a
2M
2T
2 Mg
a
2
M
M
g

s
i
n

3
0

B
2T
50
a
A
2T
40
2a
F N
s
>
f N
k
8 N
and a

20 8
2
6 m/s
2
(c) N 60 20 40 N

s
N 8 N and

k
N 4 N
Since, F N
s
cos 45 >
f N
k
4 N
and a
20 4
6

8
3
m/s
2
25. a g 3 m/s
2
(a) v at
6 3 t or t 2 s
(b) s at
1
2
2

s
1
2
3 4 6 m.
26. f 04 1 10 4 . N
a
f
1
1
4 m/s
2
a
f
2
2
2 m/s
2
(a) Relative motion will stop when
v v
1 2

or 2 4 8 2 + t t
t 1 s
(b) v v
1 2
2 4 1 6 + m/s
(c) s u t a t
1 1 1
2
1
2
+
s u t a t
2 2 2
2
1
2

27. f ( . )( )( ) 06 2 10 12 N
a
2
12
2
6 m/s
2
and a
1
12
1
12 m/s
2
(a) Relative motion will stop when
v v
1 2

or u a t u a t
1 1 2 2
+ +
or 3 6 18 12 + t t
t
7
6
s
(b) Common velocity at this instant is
v
1
or v
2
.
(c) s u t a t
1 1 1
2
1
2
+ and
s u t a t
2 2 2
2
1
2
+
28. N 20 N

s
N 16 N
and
k
N 12 N
Since, W 20 N >
s
N, friction
k
N will
act.
a

20 12
2
4 m/s
2
29. N 20 N
N 16 N
Block will start moving when
F N
or 2 16 t
or t 8 s.
After 8 s
a
t
t


2 16
2
8
i.e., a-t graph is a straight line with
positive slope and negative intercept.
30. N 60 N,
s
N 36 N,
k
N 24 N
Block will start moving when
F N
s

84 | Mechanics-1
a
1
1 kg
2 kg
f
f
a
2
a
2
2 kg
f
a
1
f
1 kg
ve +ve
or 4 36 t
t 9 s
After 9 s
a
t
t


4 24
6
2
3
4
31. N mg cos 30 N
mg sin30 30 3 N 52 N.

s
N 18 N and

k
N 12 N
(a)
F 52 18 34 N.
(b)
F + 12 52
F 40 N
(c)
F 52 12 6 4
F 88 N
Objective Questions (Level-1)
Single Correct Option
1. a
mg F
m
g
F
m

m m
A B
>
a a
A B
>
or ball A reaches earlier.
2. a
g g g

4 2
6 3
Now, 2 2
3
g T
g

T
g

4
3
13 N
3.
3
2
100
1
T
(i)
T
T
1
2
2
(ii)
4.
mg T ma
a g
T
m
min
max

g
mg
m
g
2
3
3
5. a
g g g

10 5
15 3
10 10
3
g T
g

T
g

20
3
Reading of spring
balance.
6. a
mg mg
m

2 30
3
0
sin
T mg
7. a g g g g
1
45 45 sin cos sin cos
a g g
2
45 sin sin
Now t
s
a

2
or t
a

1

t
t
a
a
1
2
2
1

or 2
45
45 45

g
g g
sin
sin cos
Solving, we get
3
4
Laws of Motion 85
F
52 N
12 N
v
F
52 N
a
12 N
30
T
1
T
2
100 N
mg
T
a
F
52 N
18 N
8. F mg mg
1
sin cos +
F mg mg
2
sin cos
Given that F F
1 2
2
9. For equilibrium of block, net force from
plane should be equal and opposite of
weight.
10. No solution is required.
11. Angle of repose

tan ( )
1
30
h R R R
j
(
,
\
,
( cos 1
3
2
12. Net pulling force 15 5 10 g g g F
Net retarding force ( )( ) 0.2 5g g f
a
F f
g

25
9
25
T g a g
1
5 5
9
5

T g
1
34
5

15 15
27
5
2
g T a g
T
2
48
5
g

T
T
1
2
17
24

13.
Relative to lift, a g a
r
+ ( ) sin along the
plane.
Now, t
s
a
r

2

+
2L
g a ( ) sin
14. f mg sin (if block is at rest)
15. 2 30 T F cos
T
F

3
a
T
m

cos 60

F
m 2 3
16.
N mg F sin
N N mg F (tan ) (tan )( sin )
F N cos
17. mg 0.2 4 10 8 N
At t 2 s, F 4 N
Since F mg <
Force of friction f F 4 N
18. a g
1
sin
a g g
2
sin cos
t
a

25
or t
a

1
t
t
a
a
1
2
2
1

1
2

g g
g
sin cos
sin

19. Net accelaration of man relative to ground

+ a a a 2
T mg m a ( ) 2
T m g a + ( ) 2
20. a 0
3 50 25 75 F g g + ( )
F 25 g 250 N
86 | Mechanics-1

a
v

F
h

T 60
30
F
a
21.
N N
1 2

N W
2

Net moment about B should be zero.

W N
3
2
4
1
22.
N W
2
250 (always)
f N
max

2
75 N
23. a
Mg Mg
M
g

1
2
2
T
M
g
M
a
Mg

1
2 2 2 4
T
Mg

2
24.
N mg F sin
F N mg F cos ( sin )
F
mg

cos sin
For F to be minimum,
dF
d
0
or tan
F
mg
min

+
+
+

1
1 1
2
2
2

+

1
2
mg

1
2
mg
25. mg 32 N
Since f 30 N
30N> mg
Normal reaction N mg 40 N
Net contact force + ( ) ( ) 30 40
2 2
50 N
26.
f
max
( . )( )( ) + > 0 5 8 2 10 50 25 N N
Blocks will not move and therefore force
of friction between two blocks 0.
27. mg sin 10 10
3
5
60 N
This 60 30 N N >
Force of friction is upwards.
Net contact force is resultant of friction
and normal reaction.
28. In first figure T F
and in second figure, T F 2 .
29. F
mg

j
(
,
\
,
( 4
2
upwards
W mg 2 downwards
F W
a 0
Laws of Motion 87

2
1 +

1
8 kg
2 kg
25 N
0.2
0.5
f
N
1
N
2
W
f
N

a
F
f
N
1
N
2
B
4 m
A
O
3 m
N
2
N
1
N
2
B
4 m
A
O
3 m
N
2
N
1
N
2
B
4 m
A
O
3 m
N
2
N
1
N
2
B
4 m
A
O
3 m
N
2
N
1
N
2
B
4 m
A
O
3 m
N
2
N
1
N
2
B
4 m
A
O
3 m
N
2
N
1
N
2
B
4 m
A
O
3 m
N
2
N
1
N
2
B
4 m
A
O
3 m
N
2
N
1
N
2
W
B
4 m
A
O
N
2
30.
Maximum acceleration of upper block due
to friction
a
mg
m
g
max

F
m
at
m
g
2 2

t
m g
a

2
31. a g g
1
30 2 sin /
a g g
2
60
3
2
sin
Angle between a a

1 2
and is 30.

a
g g g
g
r

+

| |
( / ) ( / ) ( / )
( / ) cos
a a
1 2
2 2
2 3 2 2 2
3 2 30
g/2
JEE Corner
Assertion and Reason
1. Even if net force 0, rotational motion can
take place.
2. No solution is required.
3. a g g
1
sin cos +
a g g
2
sin cos
a
a
1
2
1
1

as 45 and sin cos

Substituting
1
3
we have,
a
a
1
2
1 1 3
1 1 3
2
1

/
/
4. There is no force for providing (
$
) 2 i m/s
2
to the block.
5. If we increase F
1
, maximum value of
friction will increase. But if we increase F
2
friction acting on the block will increase.
6. No solution is required.
7. a
m m g
m m

+
( )
1 2
1 2
(if m m
1 2
> )
m g T m a
1 1

T m g a
1
( )

+
2
1 2
1 2
m m g
m m ( )
Mathematically, we can prove that
m g T m g
2 1
< <
Similarly if m m
2 1
> , then we can prove
that,
m g T m g
1 2
< <
8. If accelerations of both the frames are
same then one frame as observed from
other frame will be inertial.
Further, a frame moving with constant
velocity is inertial.
9. No solution is required.
10. No solution is required.
11. Force of friction is in the direction of
motion.
88 | Mechanics-1
m
m
F = at