GRAMTICA DEL ESPAOL

CONDICIONAL
Frequently, the conditional is used to express probability, possibility, wonder or conjecture,
and is usually translated as would, could, must have or probably.


Next, let's look at some specific uses of the conditional.
To express speculation about the past:
Aqul da correran ms de veinticinco kilmetros.
GRAMTICA DEL ESPAOL
That day they must have run more than 25 kilometers.
To express the future from the perspective of the past:
Yo saba que abriran la tienda a las siete.
I knew that they would open the store at seven o'clock.
To express hypothetical actions or events which may or may not occur:
Sera interesante estudiar chino.
It would be interesting to study Chinese.
To indicate what would happen were it not for some certain specific circumstance:
Yo viajara pero no tengo dinero.
I would travel but I don't have money.
For polite use to soften requests:
Por favor, podra decirme a qu hora abre la gasolinera?
Could you please tell me what time the gas station opens?
To ask for advice:
Cul comprara Ud.?
Which one would you buy?
For reported speech:
Juan dijo que terminara el trabajo.
Juan said that he would finish the work.
To express what would be done in a particular situation:
Hablaras ingls en Espaa?
Would you speak English in Spain?
No. Hablara espaol.
No. I would speak Spanish.

PRESENTE SUBJUNTIVO

GRAMTICA DEL ESPAOL

SUBJUNCTIVE USES



GRAMTICA DEL ESPAOL
IRREGULAR SUBJUNCTIVE FORMS

USAGE
EXPRESSIONS WHICH ALWAYS TAKE SUBJUNCTIVE
para que / de modo que
Llevar un paraguas para que no nos mojemos.
in order that / so that
I'll take an umbrella so that we don't get
wet.
sin que
Se fue sin que me diera cuenta.
without
He went without me realising.
a condicin que
Te dir dnde vamos a estar a condicin que no
vengas.
on condition that
I'll tell you where we are going to be on
condition that you don't come.
con tal que
Lo har esta noche con tal que no me molestes
ms.
provided that / as long as
I'll do it tonight provided that you don't
bother me any more.
*no es seguro que
No es seguro que venga.
it's doubtful that
It's doubtful that he'll come.
a no ser que
Quedaremos en casa a no ser que haga sol.
unless
We'll stay at home unless it's sunny.
es posible que
Es posible que vayamos a la playa maana.
it's possible that
It's possible that we'll go to the beach
tomorrow.
GRAMTICA DEL ESPAOL
es probable que
Es probable que llueva maana.

It's likely to rain tomorrow.
hasta que
Tienes que quedar hasta que lo hayas terminado.
until
You have stay until you've finished it.

EXPRESSIONS WHICH SOMETIMES TAKE SUBJUNCTIVE
cuando* (when referring to the future)
Ven cuando quieras.
when
Come when you want.
antes (de) que* (when referring to the future)
Vmonos antes de que lleguen.
before
Let's go before they arrive.
despus de que* (when referring to the future)
Ir a casa despus de que todos se hayan ido.
after
I'll go home after they've all gone.
en cuanto / tan pronto como* (when referring
to the future)
Llmame en cuanto llegue.
as soon as
Phone me as soon as he arrives.
mientras* (when referring to the future or
unknown)
Mientras me pague, no me importa.
as long as
As long as he pays me, I don't mind.
siempre que* (when referring to the future or
unknown)
Puedes quedar siempre que no te muevas.
provided / providing
You can stay provided you don't move.
quiz(s) / tal vez / acaso** perhaps
* When these verbs refer to the future or the unknown they are followed by the subjunctive. When
they express something habitual you don't use the subjunctive:
e.g. Me matar cuando se entere. = He'll kill me when he finds out.
BUT Siempre nos ayuda cuando es necesario. = She always helps us when necessary.
** They can be followed by the subjunctive or indicative. When the subjunctive is used, there is a
greater degree of doubt.
e.g. Quiz se han equivocado. Perhaps they've made a mistake.
Quiz lo haga maana. Perhaps I'll do it tomorrow. (more doubt)

VERBS WHICH ALWAYS TAKE SUBJUNCTIVE
1. VERBS OF INFLUENCE ON OTHER PEOPLE
GRAMTICA DEL ESPAOL
(wanting, requesting, permitting, forbidding, causing, necessity)
querer que
Quieres que me vaya?
to want
Do you want me to go?
preferir que
Sus padres prefieren que estudie medicina.
to prefer
His parents would prefer him to study
medicine.
pedir que
Me pidi que le prestara mil pesetas.
to ask
He asked me to lend him a thousand
pesetas.
prohibir que
Te prohbo que me hables as.
to forbid
I forbid you to speak to me like that.
decir a alguien que
Le dije que no lo hiciera.
to tell someone to
I told him not to do it.
persuadir a alguien de que
Me persuadi de que aceptara su oferta.
to persuade someone to
She persuaded me to accept his offer.
hacer falta
No hace falta que os vayis los dos.
to be necessary
It's not necessary for both of you to go.
es preciso* que
Es preciso que te vayas ahora mismo.
to have to / must
You must go right now.
no es preciso que
No es preciso que vengamos todos esta noche.
there's no need
We don't all need to come tonight.
* In general, the construction SER + ADJECTIVE + QUE needs the subjunctive.
e.g. Es necesario que vayamos todos. It's necessary for us all to go.
Va a ser muy difcil que acepte. It's very unlikely that he'll accept.

The exceptions to this are SER + VERDAD and its synomyms (OBVIO, CLARO, EVIDENTE, etc.)
e.g. Es verdad que trabaja demasiado. It's true he works too much.
Es claro que no ha estudiado. It's clear he hasn't studied.
Es evidente que ser cantante como su madre. It's obvious that she'll be a singer like her
mother.
2. VERBS OF UNCERTAINTY / DOUBT etc.
dudar que
Nunca dud que viniera.
to doubt
I never doubted that he would come.
negar que
Neg que hubiera robado la botella.
to deny
He denied that he had stolen the bottle.
es increble que
Es increble que lo hayas credo.
it's incredible that
It's incredible that you believed him.
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no creer que
No creo que seas la persona adecuada para el
trabajo.
to believe
I don't think you're the right person for the
job.
no parecer que
No parece que estemos tan distintos.
to not seem
We don't seem to be that different.
3. VERBS OF EMOTIONS / EVALUATIONS
sentir que
Siento que tengas que marcharte.
to be sorry that
I'm sorry you have to go.
alegrarse de que
Me alegro que hayas venido.
to be glad
I'm glad you came.
extraarse de que
Me extra de que no nos hubiera visto.
to be surprised that
I was surprised he hadn't seen us.
tener miedo de que
Tengo miedo de que vuelvan.
to be afraid / scared
I'm scared they'll come back.
ser raro que
Es raro que no lo hayas encontrado.
to be strange that
It's strange that you haven't found it.
OTHER VERBS
esperar (a) que
Esperamos a que venga maana.
to expect
We expect him to come tomorrow.
esperar que
Espero que no llegues tarde.
to hope that

OTHER USES
1. AFTER A RELATIVE REFERRING TO AN UNSPECIFIC PERSON / THING
Buscan un hombre que hable ingls para el trabajo.

But: Conozco un hombre que habla ingls.
They are looking for a man who speaks
English for the job. (unspecific)
I know a man who speaks English.
(SPECIFIC)
2. AFTER QUE (wishing someone something)
Que aproveche! Bon apptit! / Enjoy your meal!
Que tengan un buen viaje! Have a good journey!
3. IMPERATIVES
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(i) t form negative
No lo hagas.
(Remember t form affirmative: Sintate aqu - Sit
here.)

Don't do it.
(ii) usted form affirmative / negative
Hgalo ahora.
No lo haga todava.

Do it now.
Don't do it yet.
(iii) ustedes affirmative / negative
Hganlo ahora.
No lo hagan todava.

Do it now.
Don't do it yet.
(iv) vosotros negative
No lo hagis.
(Remember vosotros affirmative: Cerrad la puerta -
Close the door.)

Don't do it.
4. OJAL
Ojal que
Ojal que no llueva maana.
Let's hope
Let's hope it doesn't rain tomorrow.
5. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (when a future event is improbable or to talk about the past)
Si viniera, iramos a ver la Alhambra. If he came, we'd go to see the Alhambra.
Si hubiera sabido, no lo habra hecho. If I had known, I wouldn't have done it.












GRAMTICA DEL ESPAOL
IMPERATIVO NEGATIVO



GRAMTICA DEL ESPAOL
PRETE RITO PERFECTO



GRAMTICA DEL ESPAOL

IMPERFECTO DE SUBJUNTIVO


How to Find the Imperfect Subjunctive Stem
infinitive
3rd person
preterite
imperfect
subjunctive stem
infinitive
3rd person
preterite
imperfect
subjunctive stem
caber cupieron cupie-

pedir pidieron pidie-
dar dieron die-

poder pudieron pudie-
decir dijeron dije-

poner pusieron pusie-
GRAMTICA DEL ESPAOL
infinitive
3rd person
preterite
imperfect
subjunctive stem
infinitive
3rd person
preterite
imperfect
subjunctive stem
dormir durmieron durmie-

preferir prefirieron prefirie-
estar estuvieron estuvie

querer quisieron quisie-
haber hubieron hubie-

saber supieron supie-
hacer hicieron hicie-

sentir sintieron sintie-
ir fueron fue-

ser fueron fue-
leer leyeron leye-

traducir tradujeron traduje-
tener tuvieron tuvie-

traer trajeron traje-
While all conjugations (-ar, -er, -ir) have the same endings in the imperfect subjunctive, there
are two options for endings for the imperfect subjunctive. The first option is used widely in
speech in Spain, Latin America, and South America. The second option is used more in written
language in Spain.
Imperfect Subjunctive Endings: 2 Options!
1st option (more common)

2nd option (Spain only)

yo -ra

yo -se
t -ras

t -ses
usted, l, ella -ra

usted, l, ella -se
nosotros -ramos

nosotros -semos
vosotros -rais

vosotros -seis
ustedes, ellos, ellas -ran

ustedes, ellos, ellas -sen
Tricky Nosotros All nosotros verb forms will carry a tilde on the vowel before the ending.
Conjugation Examples

hablar
(habla-)
hacer
(hicie
-)

traducir
(traduje-)

1st option 2nd option

1st option 2nd option | 1st option | 2nd option
yo hablara hablase

hiciera hiciese | tradujera | tradujese
t hablaras hablases

hicieras hicieses | tradujeras |tradujeses
usted,
l, ella
hablara hablase

hiciera hiciese | tradujera | tradujese
nosotro
s
hablramo
s
hablsemo
s
hiciramo
s
hicisemo
s
| tradujramos |tradujsemo
s
vosotro
s
hablarais hablaseis

hicierais hicieseis | tradujerais |tradujeseis
ustedes
, ellos,
ellas
hablaran hablasen

hicieran hiciesen | tradujeran |tradujesen
GRAMTICA DEL ESPAOL
Uses
1. The Independent Clause is in the Past
If the WEIRDO verb (independent clause) is in the preterite or the imperfect, then the
subjunctive verb that follows will also be imperfect.
Quera que vinieras/vinieses a mi fiesta. (I wanted you to come to my party.)
Tena miedo de que no lloviera/lloviese. (I was scared it wouldnt rain.)
2. The Independent Clause Refers to a Previous Occurrence
This is used to express current emotions, doubts, etc. about something that happened in the
past.
Es bueno que (l) se casara/casase. (Its good that he got married.)
No me parece que el viaje fuera/fuese largo. (It doesnt seem to me that they journey
was long.)
3. To Indicate Unlikely Events
Use Ojal or ojal que to express the idea of hoping for something that is unlikely to happen or
are impossible.
Ojal que nevara/nevase en Panam maana. (I hope it snows in Panama tomorrow.)
Ojal mi hermano se casara/casase. (I wish my brother would get married.)
4. If Clauses
When introduced with si (if) the imperfect subjunctive can support an independent clause
which introduces a dependent conditional clause. These are usually situations that are not
very likely.
Si yo fuera/fuese reina, viajara por todo el mundo. (If I were queen, I would travel all
over the world.)
Pintara ms seguido si tuviera/100064/tuviese ms tiempo. (I would paint more often if I
had more time.)
Exercises
1) Conjugate each verb in parenthesis to the imperfect subjunctive (both options) to complete
each sentence.
Example: El recomend que yo (aprender) espaol. -' aprendiera, aprendiese
1. Necesitaba que t (venir) temprano.
2. No pensabas que yo (poder) hacerlo.
3. Me alegr que vosotros me (comprar) este regalo.
4. Mi madre tena miedo que la (picar) las araas.
GRAMTICA DEL ESPAOL
5. Yo quera que mis abuelos (viajar).
6. Si (tener) ms dinero, comprara un coche nuevo.
7. Queramos que nos (mudar) a otra ciudad.
8. Querra que ella me (escribir) una carta.
9. Ojal que (llover) maana.
10. Me asust de que t (ir) a la fiesta.
Answers
1. vinieras, vinieses
2. pudiera, pudiese
3. comprarais, compraseis
4. picaran, picasen
5. viajaran, vijasen
6. tuviera, tuviese
7. mudramos, mudsemos
8. escribiera, escribiese
9. lloviera, lloviese
10. fueras, fueses

SER/ESTAR CON ADJETIVOS
To address condition, use estar (essence). Estar is an irregular
verb. It does not follow the standard rules of conjugation for
regular -ar verbs. Therefore, you must memorize it.
estar
estoy
ests
est
estamos
estis
estn



To address an essential quality, use ser (condition). Ser is also
irregular and must be memorized.
ser
soy
eres
es
GRAMTICA DEL ESPAOL
somos
sois
son



If you are talking about what something is, use ser; if you are
talking about how something is, use estar.
What is she like?
She is quiet.
Use ser:
Ella es callada.
How is she acting?
She is being quiet.
Use estar:
Ella est callada.
MAIN USES OF ESTAR


1. Gema est en Australia (Gema is in Australia).
2. Los nios estn callados (the children are quiet).
3. Estamos de acuerdo (we are in agreement).
4. Qu ests comiendo? (What are you eating?).

GRAMTICA DEL ESPAOL
MAIN USES OF SER

1. Son las dos de la tarde
2. Ellos son de Espaa
3. Soy profesor
4. Soy espaol
5. Mi hermano es catlico
6. La mesa es de madera
7. El coche es mo/tuyo/suyo/nuestro/vuestro/suyo
8. Ella es mi hermana
9. Est lloviendo
10. La cena es en mi casa
11. La nieve es blanca
PERI FRASIS VERBALES
Periphrasis Construction
Many verb phrases have a helper verb, which is fully conjugated, but doesnt provide the main
meaning of the verbal phrase, and also a second non-finite verb (an infinitive or a participle)
which is not conjugated, but provides the actual action and meaning of the verbal phrase.
conjugated verb + (preposition) + non-finite verb (infinitive/participle)
Voy a estudiar. (I am going to study.)
Has ido a Espaa? (Have you been to Spain?)
Estn leyendo un libro. (She is reading a book.)

Common Verbal Periphrases
Many of the most common verbal periphrases are listed below, grouped by the function of the
second verb.
GRAMTICA DEL ESPAOL
Verb + Infinitive
acabar de + infinitivo (to have just done something)
acertar a + infinitivo (to manage to do something)
acostumbrar a + infinitivo (to get used to doing something)
alcanzar a + infinitivo (to be able to do something)
cesar de + infinitivo (to cease to do something)
comenzar a + infinitivo (to being to do something
deber + infinitivo (to have to do something)
dejar de + infinitivo (to stop doing something)
echar(se) a + infinitivo (to burst/break into doing something)
empezar a + infinitivo (to begin to do something)
estar por + infinitivo (to be on the verge of doing something)
estar a punto de + infinitivo (to be about to do something)
haber de/que + infinitivo (to have to do something)
ir a + infinitivo (going to do something)
poder + infinitivo (to be able to do something)
ponerse a + infinitivo (to start to do something)
quedar por + infinitivo (to remain to do something)
llegar a + infinitivo (to come to do something)
romper a + infinitivo (to suddenly start doing something)
soler + infinitivo (to do something usually)
venir a + infinitivo (to come to do something)
volver a + infinitivo (to return to do something)
tardar en + infinitivo (to take a long time to do something)
tener que + infinitivo (to have to do something)
terminar de + infinitivo (to finish doing something)
Verb + Present Participle
andar + present participle (to be doing something)
estar + present participle (to be doing something)
ir + present participle (to be gradually doing something)
llevar + present participle (to continue to do something from the past)
seguir + present participle (to keep doing something)
venir + present participle (to have been doing something)
Verb + Past Participle
dejar + past participle (to appoint something)
haber + past participle (to have done something) - all the perfect tenses
llevar + past participle (to have done something)
quedar + past participle (to remain something)
sentirse + past participle (to have been somethinged - passive)
tener + past participle (to maintain a state of something)
traer + past participle (to maintain a state of something)
verse + past participle (to have been somethinged - passive)

GRAMTICA DEL ESPAOL
PREPOSICIONES
Simple prepositions
Below you will find a list of the most common simple prepositions in Spanish.
a to, at desde from, since
detrs
de
behind
ante
before, in the
presence of
en in, on, at segn according to
bajo under entre
between,
among
sin without
con with hacia until, toward sobre
about, on, upon, above, over,
around
contra against hasta until, toward tras after, behind
de of, from por for, by para for, in order to
See the article on por vs. para for more information on these similar prepositions
Uses
In most cases, prepositions are used the same way in Spanish as they are used in English and
you will find their placements fairly logical. There are a few, however, that warrant a little extra
attention. For each preposition below you will find the occasions it is used most commonly as
well as several examples with translations since one preposition in Spanish can have many
different translations in English.
A
This is a very common preposition that can mean to, at, by, or for depending on the manner it is
used. It can be used to:
indicate motion (to)
Fuimos a Espaa. (We went to Spain.)
Iremos al museo el martes. (We will go to the museum on Tuesday.)
connect one verb to an infinitive (not translated directly)
Vamos a bailar. (We are going to dance.)
Empec a leer. (I began to read.)
indicate manner, how something is done (on, by, with)
Vamos a pie. (We went on foot.)
Lo hice a mano. (I did it by hand.)
Escribe a lpiz. (He writes with a pencil.)
introduce a person as a direct object - Personal a (not translated directly)
Conoces a Isabela? (Do you know Isabela?)
GRAMTICA DEL ESPAOL
Veo a mi madre. (I see my mother.)
introduce an indirect object (to, for)
Le di el regalo a Celia. (I gave the gift to Celia.)
Compr los tomates a Anita. (I bought the tomatoes for Anita.)
express time (at, is)
Cenamos a las seis. (We eat dinner at six o'clock.)
Estamos a martes. (It is Tuesday.)
De
This preposition can mean of or from, depending on the use. It can be used to:
indicate possession (of)
Atlanta es la capital de Georgia. (Atlanta is the capitol of Georgia.)
El caf de Manuel (Manuel's cafe)
indicate cause (from, with)
Estoy cansada de correr. (I am tired from running.)
Estamos contentos de nuestro hijo. (We are happy with our son.)
indicate origin (from, of)
Ella es de Uruguay. (She is from Uruguay.)
Sonia es la ms inteligente de la familia. (Sonia is the most intelligent of the family.)
describe a noun with another noun or infinitive (of)
Un vaso de vino (A glass of wine)
El jugo de naranja (Orange juice)
compare (than)
Juan es el ms grande de todos los estudiantes del quinto grado. (Juan is the biggest of
all 5th grade students.)
Hay ms de 10 personas en la clase de historia. (There are more than 10 people in the
history class.
and also in idioms
De ahora en adelante (From now on)
De pie (Standing)
En
This common preposition can mean in, on, at, about, or by depending on the context. It can be
used to:
GRAMTICA DEL ESPAOL
indicate location (in, on, at)
Est en mi mochila. (It is in my backpack.)
Pon el cuadro en la pared. (Put the painting on the wall.)
Ellos estn en la iglesia. (They are at church.)
to indicate time (in)
Fui a Per en el verano. (I went to Peru in the summer.)
Vienen en una hora. (They are arriving in one hour.)
to indicate manner, how something is done (by)
Vamos a Italia en tren. (We go to Italia by train.)
Me voy al doctor en coche. (I go to the doctor by car.)
idioms (see compound prepositions below)
En broma (As a joke)
En serio (Seriously)
En vivo (Live)


a - to, at, in, into
al - to the, at the etc
1

al lado de - next to; compared to
a partir de - starting from, upwards of
alrededor
de
- around
antes de - before
a travs de - through, across
bajo - under
cerca de - near
como - as, like
con -
with; of, containing (un vaso con gua = a glass of
water)
contra - against
de - of; made of; used to make compounds in Spanish
de - from (when expressing movement)
GRAMTICA DEL ESPAOL
de - (in time expressions) by, in the (morning, day etc)
del - of the, in the etc
1

desde -
from, since (used instead of de when stressing notion
of movement, or with times, prices, values)
despus
de
- after
detrs de - behind
durante - during, for (a period of time)
en - in, on
2
, at
en lugar
de
- instead of
en medio
de
- in the middle of
entre - between, among
en vez de - instead of
fuera de - outside
hacia - towards
3

hasta - until, up to
para - (in time phrases) around, by
para -
for: expressing destination, direction, recipient
("brought it for me"), opinion ("for me, it seems...")
por -
for: in most other senses ('because of', 'on behalf of', 'in
exchange for/per', 'to the value of', 'instead of')
por - (indicating place) via, through; throughout; around
segn - according to, depending on
sin - without, -less
sobre - on, on top of, above
2

tras -
behind, from behind; (with time phrases) after,
subsequent to



GRAMTICA DEL ESPAOL
VERBOS DE CAMBIOS
"To Become" in Spanish
There are several different Spanish equivalents for the English verb "to become,"
depending on several factors. (Note that in English, various verbs like "to get" and
"to turn" are sometimes more idiomatic than the literal meaning "to become.")
Ponerse is followed by an adjective and indicates an involuntary physical or
emotional change.

Me puse enfermo en Madrid. I got sick in Madrid.

Ana se pone roja cuando habla. Ana turns red when she talks.


Volverse is followed by an adjective and indicates a sudden, profound change.

Se volvi loco! He went crazy!

Julio se ha vuelto imposible. Julio has become impossible.


Hacerse and llegar a ser are followed by a noun or adjective and indicate a change
brought about by effort.

Me hice mdico. I became a doctor.

Es posible hacerse rico en los EEUU? Is it possible to get rich in the US?

Llegars a ser abogado? Are you going to be a lawyer?

Lleg a ser muy popular. He became very popular.


Convertirse en and transformarse en are followed by a noun and usually indicate a
change to a thing rather than a person.

La condicin se convirti en una
emergencia mdica.
The condition turned into a medical
emergency.

La leche puede tranformarse en queso. Milk can be turned into cheese.


There are also a number of Spanish verbs which express a specific change and tend
to be somewhat more formal. When (se) is in parentheses, the verb may be used
both intransitively and reflexively.

adelgazar(se) to become thin

cansarse to get tired

emocionarse to get excited

enfadarse to become angry

enfermar to become sick

enflaquecer(se) to become thin
GRAMTICA DEL ESPAOL

enfurecerse to become furious

engordar to become fat

enloquecer(se) to go mad

enmudecerse to become mute

enojarse to get angry

enorgullecerse to become haughty

enriquecerse to get rich

enrojecer(se) to become red

ensordecer to become deaf

envejecer(se) to become old

palidecer to become pale



GRAMTICA DEL ESPAOL
ORACIONES SUBORDINADAS
Subordinating conjunctions join dependent (subordinate) clauses to main clauses.
You can recognize a dependent clause by the fact that it cannot stand alone - its
meaning is incomplete without the main clause.

1. Dije que estoy ocupado. - I said that I am busy.
The main clause is I said. What did I say? That I am busy. "I am busy" is
incomplete without "I said." I might not in fact be busy, but I said that I was.

2. Como no tengo dinero, no puedo ir. - Since I don't have any money, I can't go.
The main clause is I can't go. Why can't I go? Because I don't have any money.
The idea here is not that I don't want to go, but the fact that I can't gosince I don't
have any money.

3. Te lo dir cuando nos veamos. - I will tell you when I see you.
The main clause is I will tell you. When will I tell you? When I see you. So "I will
tell you" is incomplete without the juxtaposition "when I see you."

Some common Spanish subordinating conjunctions:
a condicin de que on the condition that
a fin de que so that
a menos que unless
antes (de) que before
aunque even though
bien que even though
como as, since
con tal (de) que provided that, as long as
cuando when
en caso de que in case
en vista de que in view of the fact htat
hasta que until
mientras que provided that, as long as
para que so that
por miedo de que for fear that
porque because
GRAMTICA DEL ESPAOL
pues for, because
puesto que since
que that
si if
sin que without
siempre que provided that, as long as
tan pronto como as soon as
ya que since
Note that many of these conjunctions must be followed by the subjunctive.

INTERROGATIVAS INDIRECTAS
Indirect interrogatives sentences are a kind of substantive subordinate sentences
Interrogatives sentences are a type of syntactic structures used to ask for unknown information.
Indirect interrogatives are substantive subordinate sentences which have a function in the main
phrase: subject (Es un misterio quin ir a la fiesta), direct object (Me pregunt si quera
casarme con l), noun complement (la cuestin de si estudiaremos este tema).
Indirect interrogative sentences can be total or partial:

Total interrogative arent introduce by interrogative words and they are answered by yes or no:
Te gusta el libro? Has hecho los deberes? Quieres salir de paseo?

Partial interrogatives only affect to a part of the sentence, represented by a pronoun or
interrogative adverb:
Qu libro te gusta? Quin te llam? Cmo te encuentras?

-Total indirect interrogatives are introduced by conjunction si (if). Partial indirect
interrogatives are introduced by pronouns or interrogative adverbs (cmo, cundo, qu,
quin...).
No s si la obra ha empezado ya.
Me pregunto si tiene hermanos.
No me dijo quin se lo cont.
Ayer dijo qu ejercicios pondr en el examen.
Commonly, indirect interrogatives are used as direct object of some verbs as:
-Preguntar, decir, explicar, rumorear, gritar, aprender, saber, dudar, ver, or, etc. (ask, say,
explain, to be rumoured, scream, learn, know, doubt, see, hear)