1

Qun tr d n phn
mm (10)
Nguyn Thanh Bnh
Khoa Cng ngh Thng tin
Trng i hc Bch khoa
i hc Nng
2
Ti sao qun tr d n ?
Qun tr d n l cn thit thc hin phn mm
ng tin
gim chi ph
t c mc tiu
Qun tr d n l rt quan trng v
d n phn mm phc tp
s thay i thng xuyn xut hin trong qu trnh
pht trin
cn m bo cc rng buc
thi gian
chi ph
ngn ti nguyn
2
3
Cc hot ng qun tr d
n
Lp k hoch
xc nh cc hot ng cn thc hin
Lp lch
lp lch cho cc hot ng, m bo ng tin
T chc
chn la, nh gi, phn cng cng vic cho cc
thnh vin
nh gi
c lng chi ph,
nhn lc,
ngun ti nguyn cn thit
4
Cc hot ng qun tr d
n
Lnh o
a ra cc quyt nh
m bo s hp tc ga cc thnh vin trong nhm
Gim st
kim tra tin
gim st chi ph/nhn lc
Hiu chnh
c cc bin php hiu chnh cn thit nu d n b
chm tr
Lp bo co
vit cc bo co, trnh by
3
5
Lp k hoch
Qun l hiu qu d n ph thuc vo k
hoch
c thc hin trong sut qu trnh thc
hin d n
Lp k hach bao gm xc nh:
cc mc tiu
cc rng buc
cc cng vic cn thc hin t mc tiu
cc mc quan trng (milestones)
cc sn phm to ra
6
Lp k hoch
Bt u
Xc nh cc mc tiu v rng buc
Thc hin nh gi ban u
Xc nh cc cng vic, mc quan
trng, cc sn phm
Lp lch cho cc cng vic
Thc hin theo lch
D n kt thc ?
Kt thc
Kim tra li cc
nh gi
Cp nht li lch

s
4
7
Lp k hoch
Xc nh cc mc tiu v rng buc
Xc nh mc tiu
mc tiu chung ca d n
cc chc nng c bn m phn mm phi p ng
yu cu v cht lng
Cc rng buc
ngy giao sn phm
nhn s
ngn sch cho php
thit b, phn cng
phng thc giao tip vi khch hng
...
8
Lp k hoch
nh gi ban u
nh gi ban u cc tham s ca d n
cu trc
kch thc
chi ph
phn tch cc chc nng ca phn mm
nhn cng
nhn lc yu cu
5
9
Lp k hoch
Xc nh cc cng vic, mc quan trng, cc
sn phm
Cc mc quan trng (milestones)
cc bc hon thnh quan trng ca d n
V d: thm nh c t yu cu, thm nh thit k
cc mc quan trng cho php gim st c tin
Xc nh cc sn phm (delivrables) trong cc bc
bn giao cho khch hng
c t yu cu
nguyn mu
thit k giao din ngi dng
...
10
Lp k hoch
Xc nh cc cng vic, mc quan trng, cc
sn phm
D n cn phi chia thnh cc cng vic
(task/activity)
Cc cng vic khng nn qu nh
mi cng vic nn ko di khong 2 tun
Mi cng vic tip tc c chia thnh cc
cng vic con d dng x l
Mt cng vic con d dng x l
c kt qu d dng nh gi
d thc hin
d nh gi thi gian thc hin
d nh gi nhn cng, ti nguyn cn thit
6
11
Lp k hoch
Xc nh cc cng vic, mc quan trng, cc
sn phm
Chia cng vic
Mt cch n gin xc nh v chia cng vic l to
WBS (Work Breakdown Structure)
tng t nh mt mc lc
V d
1. Khi ng d n
1.1 Lp k hoach d n
2. Phn tch yu cu
2.1 Thu thp yu cu
2.2 M hnh ha yu cu s dng UML
3. Thit k
3.1 Xy dng cc biu lp
3.2 Xy dng cc biu tun t
3.3 Xy dng cc biu gi
4. M ha
5. Kim th
12
Lp k hoch
Bo co k hoch d n
Cn cha cc mc (1)
Gii thiu
m t mc tiu
rng buc
T chc
cc thnh vin ca nhm
vai tr ca cc thnh vin
Phn tch ri ro
d bo cc ri ro c th
xut cc gii php hn ch ri ro
Ngun ti nguyn cn thit
phn cng
phn mm
7
13
Lp k hoch
Bo co k hoch d n
Cn cha cc mc (2)
Chia cng vic
chia d n thnh cc cng vic
xc nh cc mc quan trng
xc nh ni dung cc sn phm giao hng
Lch
m t rng buc cc cng vic v thi gian t c
cc mc quan trng
gn cng vic cho cc thnh vin
Gim st
m t cc bo co c to ra khi no v nh th no
m t c ch s dng thc hin thm nh cc cng
vic hon thnh
14
Lp lch
Lp lch bao gm cc cng vic
xc nh ngy quan trng
ngy bt u, ngy kt thc
xc nh cc giai on quan trng
lit k cc cng vic trong th t thc hin
ch ra quan h gia cc cng vic
nh gi ngun ti nguyn cn thit hon
thnh mi cng vic
nhn lc, thi gian, ngn sch
8
15
Lp lch
Lit k cc cng vic trong th t thc hin
ch ra s ph thuc gia cc cng vic
cc cng vic no c th tin hnh n thi
cc cng vic no ch thc hin khi cng vic
khc kt thc
gim ti thiu cc ph thuc
hn ch s chm tr
thi gian thc hin d n ph thuc con
ng di nht trong th cng vic
s PERT
16
Lp lch
S dng bng biu din lch ca
d n
Bng cc giai on quan trng
Bng cc cng vic
Bng phn cng
9
17
Lp lch
Bng cc giai on quan trng
cc giai on quan trng v ngy c th t c
Ngy Giai on quan trng
August 26 Project Kickoff (with client)
October 16 Analysis Review
October 26 System Design Review
November 7 Internal Object Design Review
November 20 Project Review (with client)
Nov 26 Internal project review
Dec 11 Acceptance test (with client)
18
Lp lch
Bng cc cng vic
cc cng vic v ngy bt u/ngy kt thc
Ngy Cng vic
Jul 17-Aug 23 Preplanning Phase
Aug 26 - Sep 24 Project Planning
Sep 11-Oct 8 Requirements Analysis
Oct 9 - Oct 26 System Design
Oct 28-Nov 7 Object Design
Nov 8 - Nov 20 Implementation & Unit Testing
Nov 22 - Dec 4 System Integration Testing
Dec 4 - Dec 10 System Testing
Dec 11- Dec 18 Post-Mortem Phase
10
19
Lp lch
Bng phn cng
ai lm g v thi gian bao lu
Cng vic Phn cng Thi gian Ph thuc
(ngi/ngy)
T1 Jane 8
T2 Anne (75%) 15
T3 Jane (80%) 15 T1 (M1)
T4 Fred 10
T5 Mary 10 T2, T4 (M2)
T6 Anne 5 T1, T2 (M3)
T7 Jim 20 T1 (M1)
T8 Fred 25 T4 (M5)
T9 Jane 15 T3, T6 (M4)
T10 Anne 15 T5, T7 (M7)
T11 Fred 7 T9 (M6)
T12 Fred (50%) 10 T11 (M8)
20
Lp lch
C th s dng cc s xy dng,
phn tch cc lch phc tp
S Gantt
biu din quan h thi gian gia con ngi v
cng vic
S PERT
biu din ph thuc gia cc cng vic
11
21
Lp ti liu
Ti liu l cn thit cho chng trnh
s dng chng trnh
cn m t y v chng trnh
mc ch, mi trng, thut ton, vo/ra, thi gian thc
thi...
tin tng chng trnh
bo co kt qu kim th
kim th cc chc nng thc hin tt
kim th cc tnh hung khng mong i
chnh sa chng trnh
m t y chng trnh
cu trc bn trong
m t vt chnh sa
22
Lp ti liu
12
23
Lp ti liu
Nhng ngi s dng khc nhau yu cu
cc loi ti liu khc nhau
ngi s dng
ti liu hng dn s dng
ngi pht trin
ti liu pht trin
ch thch
ngi thit k
m hnh thit k
ngi qun l
kt qu kim th
24
Lp ti liu
Cn duy tr s gn kt gia m ngun v ti
liu
13
25
Lp ti liu
Vn
cn duy tr s gn kt gia m ngun v ti liu trong
cc tp khc nhau
Gii php
xy dng ti liu t ng (auto-documentation)
Javadoc, CcDoc, CcpDoc, AutoDoc, DocClass...
sinh m t ng t m hnh thit k
sinh m hnh thit k t m ngun
Rational Rose, Jude, Poseidon, ArgoUML...
26
Qun l cu hnh
nh ngha
Cu hnh phn mm bao gm
cc thnh phn phn mm xc nh
tnh cht c bn ca phn mm
mt thnh phn c th
m ngun, tp d liu, c t yu cu, ti
liu thit k, cu hnh phn cng...
14
27
Qun l cu hnh
nh ngha
Qun l cu hnh l lnh vc ca qun tr d n nhm
nh ngha
xc nh
qun l
kim tra
cu hnh trong sut qu trnh pht trin phn mm
nh ngha IEEE (Standard 1042)
Software configuration management (SCM) is the
discipline of managing and controlling change in the
evolution of software systems
28
Qun l cu hnh
Ti sao ?
SCM h tr ngi qun l
gim st cc thay i trong qu trnh pht trin
gm cc hot ng
xy dng cc th cn thc hin khi c s thay i
ghi nhn cc thnh phn v yu cu thay di
o lng chi ph v cng sc thc hin thay i
...
SCM h tr ngi pht trin
cung cp chc nng v cng c h tr ngi pht trin
thc hin cc thay i
gm cc hot ng
qun l cc chc nng khc nhau ca phn mm
xy dng li cu hnh trc
ghi nhn vt thay i ca ca phn mm
...
15
29
Qun l cu hnh
Lp k hoch cu hnh
Gm cc hot ng (1)
nh ngha cc thnh phn ca cu hnh
cc loi ti liu cn qun l
c t yu cu, ti liu thit k, m ngun, bo co
kim th...
nh ngha chnh sch qun l thay i v
qun l phin bn
mc nh ca chnh sch thay i nhm m bo
mi phin bn p ng tiu chun t ra
v d
khng phn phi sn phm cho khch hng nu
cha thc hin bc kim th beta vi t nht
1000 ngi s dng bn ngoi
30
Qun l cu hnh
Lp k hoch cu hnh
Gm cc hot ng (2)
nh ngha vai tr v trch nhim ca cc
thnh vin trong cc hot ng SCM
ngi qun l, ngi pht trin...
nh ngha CSDL s dng ghi thng tin
v cu hnh
nh ngha cc cng c s dng h tr SCM
Chn la chun s dng
V d
IEEE 828-1990: Software Configuration
Management Plans
IEEE 1042: Guide to Software Configuration
Management
16
31
Qun l cu hnh
Qun l thay i
Phn mm thng xuyn thay i do yu
cu ca
ngi s dng
ngi pht trin
th trng
Qun l thay i l ghi nhn tt c cc s
thay i v bo bo rng chng c thc
hin vi chi ph thp nht
32
Qun l cu hnh
Qun l phin bn
Thut ng
promotion
mt phin bn c chuyn giao cho cc ngi pht
trin
release
mt phin bn c chuyn giao cho ngi s dng
(ngoi nhm pht trin)
t tn cc phin bn
r rng, khng nhp nhng
phng php n gin thng c s dng
nh s
17
33
Qun l cu hnh
Xy dng h thng
Bin dch v kt hp tt c cc thnh phn
ca mt cu hnh thnh mt h thng thc
thi c
Cc cch kt hp khc nhau cc thnh
phn c th to nn cc h thng khc
nhau
Nn s dng cc cng c h tr
V d: Makefile
34
Qun l cu hnh
Xy dng h thng
Cc vn cn lu khi xy dng h
thng:
Tt c cc thnh phn cn thit u c
s dng (lin kt) ?
Phin bn thch hp ca mi thnh phn
dc s dng ?
Tt c cc tp d liu sn sng ?
H thng c xy dng cho nn (platform)
ng n ?
h iu hnh, cu hnh phn cng
Phin bn ca trnh bin dch v cc cng c
s dng l ng n ?
18
35
Qun l cu hnh
Cng c
SCM c h tr bi cc cng c
C cc loi cng c
cc cng c c lp
cc cng c tch hp vo trong cc mi
trng pht trin
36
Qun l cu hnh
Cng c
Cng c qun l phin bn
Hot ng h tr
t tn cc phin bn
t t tn cc phin bn mi
Ghi li lch s (vt) thay i
Pht trin cng tc
nhiu ngi c th thay i ng thi mt phin
bn
Ghi nhn cc phin bn: 2 kh nng
Ghi nhn ton b phin bn
Ch ghi nhn s khc nhau gia cc phin bn
19
37
Qun l cu hnh
Cng c
Cng c qun l phin bn
RCS (Revision Control System)
m ngun m, c
CVS (Concurrent Version System)
min ph, h tr cc my tnh s dng h iu
hnh khc nhau, s dng t xa
Perforce
cng c thng mi
Subversion
m ngun m, y cc tnh nng ca CVS, tt
hn CVS
38
T chc d n
T chc d n l rt quan trng
yu t chnh quyt nh cho s thnh cng
Bao gm cc hot ng
Chn nhn s thch hp
Chn cu trc ca nhm
Chn kch thc ca nhm
Xc nh vai tr ca cc thnh vin trong
nhm
Qun l giao tip gia cc thnh vin trong
nhm
20
39
T chc d n
Chn nhn s thch hp
Cc yu t cn xem xt khi chn nhn s
Kinh nghim
hiu bit lnh vc ng dng
kinh nghim vi mi trng pht trin
hiu bit v ngn ng lp trnh
o to
Kh nng
kh nng giao tip
kh nng thch ng, kh nn hc
Thi
Tnh cch
40
T chc d n
Chn cu trc ca nhm
Nhm khng hnh thc (egoless team)
Nhm chief-programmer
Nhm phn cp
21
41
T chc d n
Chn cu trc ca nhm
Nhm phi hnh thc (egoless team)
cc thnh vin ca nhm c vai tr nh
nhau
nhm nh
cc thnh vin u c kinh nghim v nng
lc
d n kh
42
T chc d n
Chn cu trc ca nhm
Nhm chief-programmer
Gm c
Trng nhm (chief-programmer): thc hin phn
tch, thit k, m ha, kim th
Tr l: h tr trng nhm pht trin, kim th
Th k: qun l thng tin
Cc chuyn gia h tr
qun l, lp ti liu, lp trnh, kim th...
Ph thuc ch yu vo trng nhm
Trng nhm phi c nng lc
22
43
T chc d n
Chn cu trc ca nhm
Nhm phn cp
D n ln c chia thnh nhiu d n nh
Mi s n nh c hin bi mt nhm
Mi nhm c mt trng nhm
Mi thnh vin cp di phi bo co cng
vic vi ngi qun l trc tip
Mi thnh vin phi c o to k nng
thc hin vai tr ca mnh
44
T chc d n
Chn kch thc ca nhm
Kch thc nhm nn tng i nh: di 8 ngi
gim thi gian giao tip
d dng lm vic cng nhau
Khng nn qu nh
nhm bo m tip tc lm vic, nu c thnh vin ra
i
i vi mt d n, s ngi trong nhm c th thay
i
Khi mt d n chm tr, thm ngi vo d n khng
bao gi gii quyt c vn
Adding more programmers to a late project makes it
later (Brooks Law - The Mythical Man-Month)
23
45
T chc d n
Xc nh vai tr ca cc thnh vin
Trng d n
chu trch nhim mt d n
bo m nhm c y thng tin v ngun
ti nguyn cn thit
phn cng cng vic cho cc thnh vin
kim tra thi hn cc cng vic
giao tip vi khch hng
46
T chc d n
Qun l giao tip gia cc thnh vin
Giao tip tt cho php nhm hot ng tt
Thng tin cn trao i v
tin cng vic
cc thay i
cc kh khn
...
Giao tip gia cc thnh vin ph thuc vo cu
trc nhm
nhm phi hnh thc: giao tip trc tip gia cc thnh
vin
nhm phn cp: giao tip thng qua ngi qun l
24
47
T chc d n
Qun l giao tip gia cc thnh vin
Cc c im trong giao tip nhm (1)
cc thnh vin c v tr cao thng p t
cc cuc trao i
nhm va c nam v n thng giao tip tt
hn
giao tip phi qua mt ngi iu phi trung
tm thng khng hiu qu
tt c cc thnh vin nn c tham gia vo
cc quyt nh nh hng ton b nhm
48
T chc d n
Qun l giao tip gia cc thnh vin
Cc c im trong giao tip nhm (2)
tnh cch ca cc thnh vin
qu nhiu thnh vin c cng tnh cch cng c
th khng tt
hng cng vic: mi ngi u mun thc hin
cng vic ring
hng c nhn: mi ngi u mun lm ng ch
hng tng tc: nhiu hp hnh m t thc hin
c th
mt nhm nn cn bng gia cc tnh cch
25
49
Qun l ri ro
Ri ro (risk) l kh nng mt tnh hung xu xy ra
Qun l ri ro (risk management) lin quan n
xc nh cc ri ro nh hng n d n
lp k hoch hn ch s nh hng ca ri ro
Cc loi ri ro
ri ro ca d n (project risks) nh hng n tin
v gun ti nguyn
ri ro ca sn phm (product risks) nh hng n
cht lng phn mm
ri ro ca doanh nghip (enterprise risks) nh hng
n doanh nghip s s dng phn mm
50
Qun l ri ro
V d
A competitive product is marketed before
the system is completed
Enterprise Product competition
The underlying technology on which the system is
built is superseded by new technology
Enterprise Technology change
The size of the system has been underestimated Project &
Product
Size underestimate
Specifications of essential interfaces are not
available on schedule
Project &
Product
Specification delays
There will be a larger number of changes
to the requirements than anticipated
Project &
Product
Requirements change
Hardware which is essential for the
project will not be delivered on schedule.
Project Hardware unavailability
There will be a change of organisational
management with different priorities
Project Management change
Experienced staff will leave the project before it is
finished
Project Staff turnover
M t Loi ri ro Ri ro
26
51
Qun l ri ro
Cc hot ng qun l ri ro
Xc nh cc ri ro
Phn tch cc ri ro
Lp k hoch cc ri ro
Gim st cc ri ro
X l cc ri ro
52
Qun l ri ro
Xc nh cc ri ro
Phn loi
ri ro v thng mi
i th cnh tranh c chim lnh th trng trc ?
C cn cho ra i phin bn nh chim th trng ?
ri ro v ti chnh
C nng lc v ti chnh thc hin d n ng
tin ?
ri ro v k thut
Cng ngh hin ti c cho php ?
ri ro v con ngi
Nhm lm vic c kinh nghim v nng lc ?
27
53
Qun l ri ro
Phn tch cc ri ro
nh gi d n, cng ngh, ngun ti
nguyn hin c xc nh v hiu bn
cht v ngun gc ca ri ro
Xc nh xc sut ca mi ri ro
rt thp, thp, trung bnh, cao, rt cao
Xc nh tm quan trng ca mi ri ro
rt nghim trng, nghim trng, c th b
qua, khng quan trng
54
Qun l ri ro
Lp k hoch cc ri ro
K hoch gim ri ro cho mi ri ro gm
tm quan trng i vi khch hng
tm quan trng i vi ngi pht trin
chin lc qun l ri ro v nh hng v
kinh t
phng tin kim tra ri ro b xa hoc
gim
cc kch bn b nh hng bi ri ro
28
55
Qun l ri ro
Lp k hoch cc ri ro
Cc chin lc
Chin lc trnh ri ro
gim xc sut ri ro xy ra
Chin lc gim ri ro
gim nh hng ca ri ro i vi d n hoc sn
phm khi n xy ra
K hoch khn cp
x l ngay ri ro khi xy ra
56
Qun l ri ro
Lp k hoch cc ri ro
Derive traceability information to assess requirements change
impact, maximise information hiding in the design
Requirements change
Investigate buying in components, investigate use of a program
generator
Development time
underestimated
Replace potentially defective components with bought-in
components of known reliability.
Failed components
Reorganise team so that there is more overlap of work and
people therefore understand each others jobs.
Short for persionnel
Alert customer of potential difficulties and the possibility of
delays, investigate buying-in components.
Recruitment probelms
Prepare a briefing document for senior management showing
how the project is making a very important contribution to the
goals of the business.
Financial problems
Chin lc Ri ro
29
57
Qun l ri ro
Gim st cc ri ro
nh gi thng xuyn mi ri ro
xc nh xc sut xy ra ca n
nh gi cc hu qu ca n c thay i
Mi ri ro chnh cn phi c tho lun khi
c cc cuc hp v tin d n
X l cc ri ro
Phng n x l khi ri ro xy ra