1

! Comparison Between Indeterminate and

Determinate
! Influence line for Statically Indeterminate
Beams
! Qualitative Influence Lines for Frames
INFLUENCE LINES FOR STATICALLY
INDETERMINATE BEAMS
2
A
B
C
E
D
R
A
A
B
C
E
D
R
A
Indeterminate Determinate
Comparison between Indeterminate and Determinate
1 1
3
A
B
C
E
D
R
A
A
B
C
E
D
R
A
A
B
C
E
D
M
E
A
B
C
E
D
M
E
A
B
C
E
D
V
D
A
B
C
E
D
V
D
1 1
1
Indeterminate Determinate
1
1
1
4
f
1j
f
jj
!
1
= f
1j




+
1
1 2 3 j
4
Redundant R
1
applied
1
1



=
f
11
f
j1
R
1
R
1
f
11
Influence Lines for Reaction
Compatibility equation:
0
1 1 11 1
" ! " # R f f
j
)
1
(
11
1 1
f
f R
j
$ "
) (
11
1
1
f
f
R
j
"
5
1
1 2 3 j
4
1
=
+
R
2
Redundant R
2
applied
f
jj
f
2j
1
f
j2
f
22
Compatibility equation.
0 '
2 2 22 2
" ! " # ! R f
0
2 2 22 2
" ! " # R f f
j
)
1
(
22
2 2
f
f R
j
$ "
) (
22
2
2
f
f
R
j
"
6
1 2 3 j
4
f
j4
1
1
Influence Lines for Shear
4
44
)
1
(
j E
f
f
V "
f
44
1
1
7
4
44
)
1
(
j E
f M
%
"
1 2 3 j
4
Influence Lines for Bending Moment
1 1
%
44
f
j4
1 1
8
R
3
) (
33
3
3
f
f
R
j
"
R
2
) (
22
2
2
f
f
R
j
"
R
1
) (
11
1
1
f
f
R
j
"
1 2 3 j
4
1
1
Influence line of Reaction
1
Using Equilibrium Condition for Shear and Bending Moment
1
11
11
"
f
f
11
41
f
f
11
1
f
f
j
1
22
22
"
f
f
22
2
f
f
j
22
42
f
f
1
33
33
"
f
f
33
3
f
f
j
33
43
f
f
9
1 2 3 j
4
4
V
4
V
4
= R
1
R
1
V
4
M
4
1
Unit load to the right of 4
Influence line of Shear
V
4
= R
1
V
4
= R
1
- 1
1
R
2
R
3
R
1
1
1
1
R
1
1
x
V
4
M
4
1
Unit load to the left of
4
V
4
= R
1
- 1
0 1 ; 0
4 1
" $ $ " & ' # V R F
y
1
R
1
0 ; 0
4 1
" $ " & ' # V R F
y
10
1 2 3 j
4
Influence line of Bending moment
M
4
= - l + x + l R
1
M
4
- 1 (l-x) - l R
1
= 0
+ & M
4
" )*
R
1
1
x
V
4
M
4
l
1
Unit load to the left of
4
M
4
= l R
1
R
1
V
4
M
4
Unit load to right of
l
4
1
1
R
2
R
3
R
1
1
l
1
l
2
l
M
4
4
1
R
1
1
1
M
4
= - l + x + l R
1
M
4
- l R
1
= 0
+ & M
4
" )*
M
4
= lR
1
11
Influence Line of V
I
Maximum positive shear Maximum negative shear
Qualitative Influence Lines for Frames
I
1
1
12
Influence Line of M
I
Maximum positive moment Maximum negative moment
I
1
1
13
A
D
G
15 m 15 m
A
y
G
y
D
y
M
A
D
y
1.0
A
y
1.0
G
y
1.0
Influence Line for MOF
14
M
H
M
A
1
1
A
H
G
15 m 15 m
D
15
R
A
1.0
R
B
1.0
M
B
1
M
G
1
A E
G
B C D
16
V
G
1
V
F
1
V
H
1
A E
G
B C D
17
Example 1
Draw the influence line for
- the vertical reaction at A and B
- shear at C
- bending moment at A and C
EI is constant . Plot numerical values every 2 m.
A B C D
2 m
2 m 2 m
18
BB
f
BB
f
BB
f
1 "
BB
f
Influence line of R
B
1
A B C D
2 m
2 m 2 m
AB
f
CB
f
DB
f
BB
f
19
Real Beam
A B C D
2 m
2 m 2 m
Conjugate Beam
Find f
xB
by conjugate beam
1
1
6 kNm
x
" $ #
EI
x
EI EI
x 18 72
6
3
EI
6
EI
18
EI
18
EI
72
3
x
3
2x
V
x
M
x
x
EI
72
EI
18
EI
x
2
2
EI
x
20
x (m)
0
2
4
6
Point
B
D
C
A
x
f
xB
/ f
BB
1
0.518
0.148
0
A B C D
2 m
2 m 2 m
1
f
BB
f
xB
0
72/EI
37.33/EI
10.67/EI
EI
x
EI EI
x
M f
x xB
18 72
6
'
3
$ # " "
EI
72
EI
33 . 37
EI
67 . 10
0
/72 = 0.518
/72 = 0.148
1
37.33
10.67
0
Influence line of R
B
1
72
72
" "
BB
BB
f
f
f
xB
21
1 kN
Influence line of R
A
A B C D
2 m
2 m 2 m
AA
CA
f
f
AA
DA
f
f
1 "
AA
AA
f
f
22
Conjugate Beam
x
V
x
M
x
EI
B
y
18
' "
EI
x
2
2
EI
x
3
x
3
2x
A
B
C D
2 m
2 m 2 m
Real Beam
1 kN
Find f
xA
by conjugate beam
1 kN
6 kNm
EI
M
A
72
' "
x
EI
B
y
18
' "
" $
EI
x
EI
x
6
18
3
EI
18
EI
6
23
Point
B
D
C
A
f
xA
/ f
AA
0
0.482
0.852
1.0
EI
x
EI
x
M f
x xA
6
18
'
3
$ " "
x (m)
0
2
4
6
x
A B C D
2 m
2 m 2 m
1 kN
f
AA
f
xA
72/EI
61.33 /EI
34.67 /EI
f
xA
0
EI
67 . 34
EI
33 . 61
EI
72
34.67
61.33
72
1 kN
Influence line of R
A
/72 = 1.0
/72=0.852
/72 = 0.482
1 "
AA
AA
f
f
24
A B
B A
y
R R
R R
F
$ "
" $ #
" & ' #
1
0 1
; 0
A B C D
2 m
2 m 2 m
1
x
R
A
M
A
R
B
0.148
.518
1
R
B
1
R
B
0.482
0.852
1.0
1 kN
R
A
Alternate Method: Use equilibrium conditions for the influence line of R
A
R
A
= 1- R
B
25
V
C
1
R
B
0.148
0.518
1
A B C D
2 m
2 m 2 m
R
A
M
A
R
B
0.852
0.482
-0.148
1 x
1
Using equilibrium conditions for the influence line of V
C
V
C
= 1 - R
B
Unit load to the left of C
R
B
1
x
V
C
M
C
0 1
; 0
" # $ #
" & ' #
B C
y
R V
F
R
B
V
C
M
C
V
C
= - R
B
0
; 0
" # #
" & ' #
C B
y
V R
F
Unit load to the left of C
26
B A
B A
A
R x M
R x M
M
6 6
0 6 ) 6 ( 1
; 0
# # $ "
" # $ $ $
" &
A B C D
2 m
2 m 2 m
R
A
M
A
R
B
1 x
1
M
A
1
R
B
0.148
0.518
1
-1.112
-0.892
Using equilibrium conditions for the influence line of M
A
+
27
M
C
C
1
R
B
0.148
0.518
1
A B C D
2 m
2 m 2 m
1 x
R
A
M
A
R
B
0.074
1
Using equilibrium conditions for the influence line of M
C
0.592
R
B
1
x
V
C
M
C
Unit load to the left of C
R
B
V
C
M
C
4 m
M
C
= 4R
B
+
0 4
; 0
" # $
" &
B C
C
R M
M
Unit load to the left of C
4 m
M
C
= -4 + x + 4R
B
0 4 ) 4 ( 1
; 0
" # $ $ $
" &
B C
C
R x M
M +
28
Example 2
Draw the influence line and plot numerical values every 2 m for
- the vertical reaction at supports A, B and C
- Shear at G and E
- Bending moment at G and E
EI is constant.
A B C D E F
2@2=4 m 4@2 = 8 m
G
29
Influence line of R
A
1
A B C D E F
2@2=4 m 4@2 = 8 m
G
1 "
AA
AA
f
f
AA
DA
f
f
AA
EA
f
f
AA
FA
f
f
30
4 /EI
1
A B C D E F
4 m 6 m 2 m
Find f
xA
by conjugate beam
Real beam
0.5
1.5
0
18.67/EI
64/EI
4/EI
4/EI
Conjugate beam
EI
33 . 5
EI
67 . 10
0
EI
67 . 10
EI
M f
A AA
64
' " "
31
x
1
x
2
" $
EI
x
EI
x
1
3
1
33 . 5
12
EI EI EI
x 67 . 18 64
6
3
2
$ # "
V
x1
M
x1
x
1
EI
x
2
1
EI
33 . 5
EI
x
4
2
1
3
2
1
x
3
1
x
Conjugate beam
4/EI
4 m 8 m
64/EI
EI
33 . 5
EI
67 . 18
M
x2
V
x2
x
2
EI
x
2
EI
x
2
2
2
3
2
x
3
2
2
x
EI
67 . 18
EI
64
32
C to B for
EI
x
EI
x
M f
x xA
,
33 . 5
12
'
3
1
$ " "
EI
28
EI
64
B to A for
EI EI
x
EI
x
M f
x xA
,
64 67 . 18
6
'
2
3
2
2
# $ " "
f
xA
0
0
EI
16
$
EI
10
$
EI
14
$
x (m)
0
2
4
6
Point
C
F
E
D
B
A
8
12
G 10
f
xA
/ f
AA
0
-0.1562
-0.25
-0.2188
0
1
0.4375
x
1
x
2
1
f
AA
f
xA
A B C D E F G
4 m 6 m 2 m
EI
10 $
EI
16 $
EI
14 $
EI
28
EI
64
1
Influence line of R
A
-0.219 -0.25
-0.156
0.438
1 "
AA
AA
f
f
33
A B C D E F G
4 m 6 m 2 m
Using equilibrium conditions for the influence line of R
B
R
B
R
C
R
A
x
1
R
A
1
-0.219 -0.25
-0.156
1
0.438
R
B
1
0.485
0.875
1.078
1
0.59
R
B
0
0.485
0.875
1.078
1
0.5939
0
x (m)
0
2
4
6
Point
C
F
E
D
B
A
8
12
G 10
R
A
0
-0.1562
-0.25
-0.2188
0
0.4375
1
A B
A B
C
R
x
R
R x R
M
8
12
8
0 12 8
; 0
$ "
" $ # $
" & #
34
A B C D E F G
4 m 6 m 2 m
R
A
1
-0.219 -0.25
-0.156
1
0.438
R
B
R
C
R
A
x
1
x (m)
0
2
4
6
Point
C
F
E
D
B
A
8
12
G 10
R
A
0
-0.1562
-0.25
-0.2188
0
0.4375
1
R
C
1
0.6719
0.375
0.1406
0
-0.0312
0
R
C
1
1
0.672
0.375
0.141
-0.0312
Using equilibrium conditions for the influence line of R
C
1
8
5 . 0
0 8 ) 8 ( 1 4
; 0
# $ "
" $ $ $
" & #
x
R R
R x R
M
A C
C A
B
35
A B C D E F G
4 m 6 m 2 m
Check &F
y
= 0
R
B
R
C
R
A
x
1
R
A
1
-0.219 -0.25
-0.156
1
0.438
R
B
1
0.49
0.875
1.08
1
0.59
R
C
1
1
0.672
0.375
0.141
-0.0312
1
; 0
" # #
" & ' #
C B A
y
R R R
F
R
C
1
0.6719
0.375
0.1406
0
-0.0312
0
Point
C
F
E
D
B
A
G
R
A
0
-0.1562
-0.25
-0.2188
0
0.4375
1
R
B
0
0.485
0.875
1.078
1
0.5939
0
&R
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
36
V
G
R
A
1
-0.219 -0.25
-0.156
1
0.438
1
x
V
G
= R
A
R
A
A
V
G
M
G
Unit load to the right of G
0.438
-0.219
-0.25
-0.156
-0.562
1
A B C D E F G
4 m 6 m 2 m
Using equilibrium conditions for the influence line of V
G
V
G
= R
A
- 1
R
A
1
x
A
V
G
M
G
Unit load to the left of G
0 1 ; 0 " $ $ " & ' #
G A y
V R F
37
V
E
R
C
1
1
0.672
0.375
0.141
-0.0312
1
x
0.625
0.328
0.0312
-0.141
-0.375
1
A B C D E F G
4 m 6 m 2 m
Using equilibrium conditions for the influence line of V
E
R
C
V
E
M
E
Unit load to the left of E
V
E
= - R
C
0 ; 0 " # " & ' #
E C y
V R F
V
E
= 1 - R
C

Unit load to the right of E
R
C
1
x
V
E
M
E
0 1 ; 0 " # $ " & ' #
C E y
R V F
38
M
G
R
A
1
-0.219 -0.25
-0.156
1
0.438
1
x
-0.438
-0.5
-0.312
1
A B C D E F G
4 m 6 m 2 m
Using equilibrium conditions for the influence line of M
G
0.876
M
G
= -2 + x + 2R
A
Unit load to the left of G
R
A
1
x
A
V
G
M
G
2 m
0 2 ) 2 ( 1
; 0
" $ $ #
" &
A G
G
R x M
M
+
M
G
= 2R
A

Unit load to the right of G
R
A
A
V
G
M
G
2 m
0 2
; 0
" $
" &
A G
G
R M
M
+
39
R
C
1
1
0.672
0.375
0.141
-0.0312
M
E
1
x
1.5
0.688
1
4 m 6 m 2 m
A B C D E F G
Using equilibrium conditions for the influence line of M
E
-0.125
0.564
R
C
V
E
M
E
4 m
Unit load to the left of E
M
E
= 4R
C
+ &M
E
= 0;
M
E
= - 4 + x+ 4R
C

Unit load to the right of E
R
C
1
x
V
E
M
E
4 m
0 4 ) 4 ( 1
; 0
" # $ $ $
" & #
C E
E
R x M
M
40
Example 3
For the beam shown
(a) Draw quantitative influence lines for the reaction at supports A and B, and
bending moment at B.
(b) Determine all the reactions at supports, and also draw its quantitative shear,
bending moment diagrams, and qualitative deflected curve for
- Only 10 kN downward at 6 m from A
- Both 10 kN downward at 6 m from A and 20 kN downward at 4 m
from A
10 kN
A
C
B
4 m
2EI
3EI
2 m
2 m
20 kN
41
1
f
CA
f
AA
f
EA
f
DA
1
/f
AA /f
AA
/f
AA
/f
AA
f
CA
f
AA
f
EA
f
DA
A
C
B
4 m
2EI
3EI
2 m
2 m
Influence line of R
A
42
Conjugate Beam
A
C
B
4 m
2EI
3EI
2 m
2 m
1
Real Beam
Find f
xA
by conjugate beam
1 kN
8 kNm
x (m)
V (kN)
1 1
+
x (m)
M
(kNm)
8
4
+
2EI
f
AA


= M
A
= 60.44/EI
60.44/EI
12/EI
1.33EI
EI
67 . 2
43
EI
67 . 2
2EI
60.44/EI
Conjugate Beam
12/EI
1.33EI
37.11/EI
17.77/EI
4.88/EI
60.44/EI
0
R
A
= f
xA
/f
AA
0.614
0.294
0.081
1
0
f
xA
A
C
B
Quantitative influence line of R
A
44
A
B
4 m
2 m
2 m
Using equilibrium conditions for the influence line of R
B
and M
B
R
B
= 1 - R
A
1
0.386
0.706
0.919
0
M
B
= 8R
A
- (8-x)(1)
0
-1.352
-1.088
-1.648
0
R
A
R
B
M
B
R
A
0.614
0.294
0.081
1
0
1
x
45
A
B
4 m
2 m
2 m
Using equilibrium conditions for the influence line of V
B
R
A
0.614
0.294
0.081
1
0
-1
-0.386
-0.706
-0.919
0
V
B
= R
A
-1
R
A
1
x
V
B
= R
A
- 1
46
A
B
4 m
2 m
2 m
C
Using equilibrium conditions for the influence line of V
C
and M
C
R
A
R
A
0.614
0.294
0.081
1
0
1
x
R
B
M
B
M
C
= 4R
A
M
C
= 4R
A
- (4-x)(1)
M
C
V
C
= R
A
V
C
= R
A
-

1
V
C
1
-0.386
-0.706
0.324
0.456
1.176
0.294
0.081
0
47
A
B
4 m
2 m
2 m
10 kN
R
A
0.614
0.294
0.081
1
0
10(0.081)=0.81 kN
M
A (
kNm)
+
-
-13.53
4.86
V (kN)
-9.19
0.81
0.81
-
The quantitative shear and bending moment diagram and qualitative deflected curve
R
B
=9.19 kN
M
B
= 13.53 kNm
48
A
B
4 m
2 m
2 m
10 kN
The quantitative shear and bending moment diagram and qualitative deflected curve
20 kN
20(.294) +1(0.081)
= 6.69 kN
V (kN)
-23.31
6.69
6.69
-
-13.31 -23.31
M
A (
kNm)
+
-
-46.48
26.76
0.14
R
A
0.614
0.294
0.081
1
0
R
B
=23.31 kN
M
B
=46.48 kNm
49
Example 1
Draw the influence line for
- the vertical reaction at B
A B C D
2 m
2 m 2 m
APPENDIX
Muller-Breslau for the influence line of reaction, shear and moment
Influence lines for MDOF beams
50
1 kN
Influence line of R
A
A B C D
2 m
2 m 2 m
1 "
AA
AA
f
f
AA
CA
f
f
AA
DA
f
f
51
Conjugate Beam
x
V
x
M
x
EI
B
y
18
' "
EI
x
2
2
EI
x
3
x
3
2x
A
B
C D
2 m
2 m 2 m
Real Beam
1 kN
Find f
xA
by conjugate beam
1 kN
6 kNm
EI
M
A
72
' "
x
EI
B
y
18
' "
6 /EI
EI
18
" $
EI
x
EI
x
6
18
3
52
Point
B
D
C
A
f
xA
/ f
AA
0
0.482
0.852
1.0
x (m)
0
2
4
6
x
A B C D
2 m
2 m 2 m
1 kN
f
AA
f
xA
72/EI
61.33 /EI
34.67 /EI
EI
x
EI
x
M f
x xA
6
18
'
3
$ " "
f
xA
0
EI
67 . 34
EI
33 . 61
EI
72
34.67
61.33
72
1 kN
Influence line of R
A
/72 = 1.0
/72=0.852
/72 = 0.482
1 "
AA
AA
f
f
53
Influence line of R
B
1
A B C D
2 m
2 m 2 m
1 "
BB
BB
f
f
BB
AB
f
f
BB
CB
f
f
BB
DB
f
f
54
Real Beam
A B C D
2 m
2 m 2 m
Conjugate Beam
Find f
xB
by conjugate beam
1
1
6 kNm
x
" $ #
EI
x
EI EI
x 18 72
6
3
EI
6
EI
18
EI
18
EI
72
3
x
3
2x
V
x
M
x
x
EI
72
EI
18
EI
x
2
2
EI
x
55
x (m)
0
2
4
6
Point
B
D
C
A
x
f
xB
/ f
BB
1
0.518
0.148
0
A B C D
2 m
2 m 2 m
1
f
BB
f
xB
0
72/EI
37.33/EI
10.67/EI
/72 = 0.518
/72 = 0.148
/72 = 1
1
37.33
10.67
0
f
BB
Influence line of R
B
f
BB
= 1
72
EI
x
EI EI
x
M f
x xB
18 72
6
'
3
$ # " "
f
xB
0
EI
72
EI
33 . 37
EI
67 . 10
56
Example 2
For the beam shown
(a) Draw the influence line for the shear at D for the beam
(b) Draw the influence line for the bending moment at D for the beam
EI is constant.Plot numerical values every 2 m.
A B
C
D E
2 m
2 m 2 m 2 m
57
A B
C
D E
D
2 m
2 m 2 m 2 m
The influence line for the shear at D
1 kN
1 kN
D
V
D
1 kN
1 kN
DD
ED
f
f
1 "
DD
DD
f
f
58
A B
C
D E
2 m
2 m 2 m 2 m
2 kNm
1 kN
1 kN
2 k
1 kN
1 kN
2 kNm
1 kN
2 kN
1 kN
Using conjugate beam for find f
xD
1 kN
1 kN
59
A B
C
D E
2 m
2 m 2 m 2 m
1 kN
1 kN
Real beam
V( kN)
x (m)
1
-1
M
(kN m)
x (m)
4
Conjugate beam
4/EI
M
D
1 kN
1 kN
2kN
60
2 m
2 m 2 m 2 m
M
D
Conjugate beam
4/EI
A
B
C
D E
4/EI
0
8/EI
m
3
8
Determine M
D
at D
EI 3
16
EI 3
8
128/3EI
4/EI
8/EI
m
3
8
EI 3
16
EI 3
40
61
" $ " $ ) 2 )(
3
8
( )
3
2
)(
2
(
4
EI EI EI
EI EI EI EI 3
52
) 2 )(
3
40
(
3
128
)
3
2
)(
2
( " $ # "
EI EI EI 3
76
) 2 )(
3
40
( )
3
2
)(
2
( $ " $ "
128/3EI
2 m
2 m 2 m 2 m
Conjugate beam
4/EI
A
B
C
D E
EI 3
8
EI 3
40
V
DL
M
DL
2/EI
2/EI
3
2
EI 3
40
EI 3
40
V
DR
M
DR
2/EI
3
2
128/3EI
2/EI
2/EI
V
E
M
E
3
2
EI 3
8
62
128/3EI = M
D
= f
DD
V
x (m)
+
f
xD
= M
x (m) !
EI 3
76
$
EI 3
40
$
EI 3
34
$
EI 3
2
EI 3
16
$
EI 3
8
EI 3
52
EI
4
$
Influence line of V
D
= f
xD
/f
DD
76
52
4
0.406 =
128
/128 = -0.594
/(128/3) = -0.094
Conjugate beam
EI 3
8
128/3EI
2 m
2 m 2 m 2 m
4/EI
A
B
C
D E
EI 3
40
63
A B
C
D E
2 m
2 m 2 m 2 m
The influence line for the bending moment at D
1 kN m
1 kN m
%
DD
M
D
DD
ED
f
%
DD
DD
f
%
64
1 kNm
0.5 kN
1 kNm
0.5 kN
1 kN
0.5 kN
2 m
2 m 2 m 2 m
0.5 kN
0.5 kN
0.5 kN
1 k
A B
C
D E
1 kN m
1 kN m
Using conjugate beam for find f
xD
65
2 m
2 m 2 m 2 m
Real beam
A B
C
D E
0.5 kN
1 kN
0.5 kN
1 kN m
1 kN m
V (kN)
x (m)
0.5
1
M
(kN m)
x (m)
2
2/EI
Conjugate beam
66
2/EI
4/EI
m
3
8
EI 3
8
2/EI
0
4/EI
m
3
8
2 m
2 m 2 m 2 m
2/EI
Conjugate beam
EI 3
4
EI 3
8
EI 3
32
EI 3
4
67
EI EI EI 3
26
) 2 )(
4
( )
3
2
)(
1
( " # "
" $ " $ ) 2 )(
3
4
( )
3
2
)(
1
(
2
EI EI EI
2 m
2 m 2 m 2 m
2/EI
Conjugate beam
EI 3
32
EI 3
4
EI
4
M
D
V
D
1/EI
1/EI
3
2
EI
4
1/EI
1/EI
V
E
M
E
3
2
EI 3
4
68
/(32/3) = -0.188 -2
Influence line of M
D
813 . 0
32
26
"
xD
xD
f
%
%
DD
= 32/3EI
2 m
2 m 2 m 2 m
2/EI
Conjugate beam
4
3EI
4
EI
32
3EI
x (m)
V
+
EI
4
EI 3
8
$
EI 3
1
EI 3
4
EI 3
17
$
EI
5
f
xD
= M
x (m)
!
-2/EI
+
D
= 0.469 + 0.531 = 1 rad
+
DL
= 5/(32/3) = 0.469 rad.
+
DR
= -17/32 = -0.531 rad.
26/3EI
69
Example 3
Draw the influence line for the reactions at supports for the beam shown in the
figure below. EI is constant.
A D B C
5 m 5 m 5 m 5 m 5 m 5 m
G E F
70
Influence line for R
D
A D B C G E F
5 m 5 m 5 m 5 m 5 m 5 m
1
f
BD
f
CD
f
DD
f
ED
f
FD
f
XD
1
f
XD
/f
DD
= Influence
line for R
D
DD
BD
f
f
1 "
DD
DD
f
f
DD
CD
f
f
DD
ED
f
f
DD
FD
f
f
71
Conjugate beam
15 + (2/3)(15)
EI
5 . 112
EI
15
Use the consistency deformation method
1
+
x R
G
- Use conjugate beam for find !
G
and f
GG
!
G
+ f
GG
R
G
= 0 ------(1)
1
Real beam
15 m 15 m
A G
1
15
1
Real beam
30 m
A G
1
30
1
A
G
3@5 =15 m 3@5 =15 m
f
GG
!
G
1
=
112.5/EI
EI
M
C C
5 . 2812
' ' " " !
Conjugate beam
20 m
EI
15
EI
450
EI
M f
G GG
9000
' ' ' " "
EI
450
72
x R
G
= -0.3125 kN
0
9000 5 . 2812
" #
G
R
EI EI
, $ " , 3125 . 0 kN R
G
Substitute !
G
and f
GG
in (1) :
1
A
G
5.625
0.6875 0.3125
1
1
15
=
1
+
1
30
73
8.182 m
6.818 m
EI
16 . 35
EI
98 . 15
EI
01 . 23
)
3
(
2
3125 . 0
2
2
2
x x
$
2
2
'
13 . 28
x M x
EI
" #
)
2
(
6875 . 0 625 . 5
1
2
1 1
x
EI
x x $
"
)
3
2
(
2
6875 .
1
2
1
x
EI
x
#
1
f
BD
f
CD
f
DD
f
ED
f
FD
A
G
3@5 =15 m 3@5 =15 m
Real beam
5.625
0.6875 0.3125
Use the conjugate beam for find f
XD
28.13
EI
x
1
x
2
x
1
= 5 m -----> f
BD
= M
1
= 56/EI
x
1
= 10 m-----> f
CD
= M
1
= 166.7/EI
x
1
= 15 m-----> f
DD
= M
1
= 246.1/EI
x
2
= 5 m -----> f
FD
= M
2
= 134.1/EI
x
2
= 10 m-----> f
ED
= M
2
= 229.1/EI
x
2
= 15 m-----> f
DD
= M
2
= 246.1/EI
A
G
Conjugate beam
EI
625 . 5
EI
688 . 4 $
A
x
1
(5.625-0.6875x
1
)/EI
V
1
M
1
EI
625 . 5
EI
x x
2
1 1
6875 . 0 625 . 5 $
EI
x
2
6875 . 0
2
1
G
x
2
0.3125x
2
V
2
M
2
EI
13 . 28
EI
x
2
3125 . 0
2
2
74
Influence Line for R
D
Influence Line for R
D
0.228
0.677
1.0
0.931
0.545
1
f
XD
EI
56
EI
7 . 166
EI
1 . 246
EI
2 . 229
EI
1 . 134
1
f
XD
/f
DD
1 . 246
56
1 . 246
7 . 166
1 . 246
1 . 246
1 . 246
2 . 229
1 . 246
1 . 134
75
Influence line for R
G
A D B C G E F
5 m 5 m 5 m 5 m 5 m 5 m
f
XG
1
f
BG
f
CG
f
GG
f
EG
f
FG
f
XG
/f
GG
1
GG
BG
f
f
GG
CG
f
f
GG
EG
f
f
GG
FG
f
f
1 "
GG
GG
f
f
76
Conjugate beam
20 m
EI
450
EI
30
Use consistency deformations
1
=
!
D
+ f
DD
R
D
= 0 ------(2)
- Use conjugate beam for find !
D
and f
DD
1
+
1
Real beam
30 m
A G
1
30
1
Real beam
15 m 15 m
A G
1
15
X R
D
f
XG
1
3@5 =15 m 3@5 =15 m
!
D
f
DD
Conjugate beam
15 + (2/3)(15)
EI
15
EI
5 . 112
450/EI
EI
9000
77
EI EI EI EI
M
D
5 . 2812
) 15 (
450 9000
)
3
15
(
5 . 112
' ' " $ # " " !
EI EI
M f
DD
1125
) 15
3
2
(
5 . 112
' ' " - " "
, " $ " " # , 5 . 2 5 . 2 , 0
1125 5 . 2812
kN kN R R
EI EI
D D
Substitute !
D
and f
DD
in (2) :
x R
D
= -2.5 kN
=
1
1
1
30
+
1
1
15
1.5
7.5
2.5
15 m
V
M
EI
5 . 112
EI
5 . 1
450/EI
EI
9000
M
V
EI
15
EI
5 . 112
78
EI EI
f
BG
5 . 62
) 5
3
2
(
75 . 18
$ " - $ " "
Use the conjugate beam for find f
XG
Real beam
1
f
BG
f
CG
f
GG
f
EG
f
FG
3@5 =15 m 3@5 =15 m
1.5
7.5
2.5
f
GG
= M
G
= 1968.56/EI
168.75/EI
EI EI
f
CG
06 . 125
) 67 . 6 (
75 . 18
$ " $ " "
A
G
Conjugate beam
EI
5 . 7 $
EI
15
10 m
15 + (10/3) = 18.33 m
25 + (2/3)(5) = 28.33 m
EI
5 . 112
EI
75
EI
75 . 18
A
5 m
V
1
M
1
EI
5 . 7 $
EI
75 . 18
A
6.67 m
V
2
M
2
EI
75 . 18
EI
5 . 7 $
EI
75 . 18 $
79
" $ #
3
3
2
3
75 . 168 56 . 1968
)
3
(
2
x
EI EI
x x
x

= 5 m -----> f
FG
= M= 1145.64/EI
x

= 10 m -----> f
EG
= M = 447.73/EI
Influence line for R
G
-0.064 -0.032
0.227
0.582
1.0
M
G
x
f
GG
= M
G
= 1968.56/EI
168.75/EI
x
V
2
2
2
x
1
f
XG
EI
5 . 62 $
EI
125 $
EI
73 . 447
EI
64 . 1145
EI
56 . 1968
56 . 1968
5 . 62 $
56 . 1968
125 $
56 . 1968
73 . 447
56 . 1968
64 . 1145
56 . 1968
56 . 1968
1
f
XG
/f
GG
80
Using equilibrium condition for the influence line for A
y
A D B C G E F
5 m 5 m 5 m 5 m 5 m 5 m
1
x
M
A
A
y
R
D
R
G
Unit load
1 1
Influence Line for R
D
0.228
0.678
1.0
0.929
0.542
Influence line for R
G
-0.064 -0.032
0.227
0.582
1.0
0.386
Influence line for A
y
0.804
-0.156
-0.124
1.0
C D A y
R R R F $ $ " " & ' # 1 : 0
81
Using equilibrium condition for the influence line for M
A
A D B C G E F
5 m 5 m 5 m 5 m 5 m 5 m
1
x
M
A
A
y
R
D
R
G
x 15
x 30
R
D
0.228
0.678
1.0
0.929
0.542
1x
5
10
15
20
25
30
R
G
-0.064 -0.032
0.227
0.582
1.0
Influence line for M
A
2.54
1.75
-0.745
-0.59
C D A
R R x M 30 15 1 : 0 $ $ " & #