lv

Pohn- X - n Hcp XhW lpw Dwdbpw \nh-l n- Ign- h p GsXmcp apkv e nw ]pcp- j \pw kv { Xopw
\n_--amWv. Jp-B ]d-bpp: DMUR f]E # ] s$ v] ]% i (Am-lp-hn\pthn \n lpw Dwdbpw
]qn-bm-pI)

nf n ^_j] knf] s% u ^$] o #

DUS V] ,E

(hnip `h-\-n--se-m Ign-hp--h lv \nh-ln- a\p-jy Am-lp-hn\pthn \nhln-t-p

\n_ _m[y-X- bmWv.)
su(lv) F ]Z-n-\Yw Dt-in-pI Fm-Wv. ^j] Fo ]Z-v ki\w FY-amWv. Hcp
\nn-Xmcm[\ Dt- inv IA_bn sNp-I-bmWv AXp-sIm-p hnh.
Ckv e m-a nse ]- k v X w- ` - - f n-s em- mb lv \n_- -a -s v hmZn- p- - h Ckv e m-a nI hr- n\nv
]pd-m-bn-cnpw. A-c- msc "apXv' BbmWv KWn-pI. Dwd \n_--amtWm kp-m tWm F Imcy-n
]n-X-mn-S-bn A`n-{]m-b -hy-Xym-k-apv.
lnPvd Bdmw hj-amWv lv \n_--am--nb-sX-mWv `qcn- ]w ]n-X
- m-cpsS A`n-{]mbw. lnPvd H-Xntem
]ntem BWv lv \n_--am-n-b-sX-s{X Camw C_v\p- J-n-ans ]w.

lv Hcp t{ijvT-Iaw
lns t{ijvT-Xsb kw_-nv A_q-lp-ssdd (d) D-cn-pp:

[]^ $ $ Vn ( # ] nf ^` q $ $ V^ []^ $ $ Vn # ^e ^m V^ [ ^] % "

# # ]
Dn jE f s' u $ $ V^
(\_n(k)tbmSv tNmZn--sp: Ghpw t{ijvT-amb Iaw GXm Wv? \_n(k) ]dp: Am-lp-hnepw Ahs
ZqX-\nepw hniz-kn- pI. ]ns FmWv? tNmZn--sp. \_n(k) ]dp: ]ns Am-lp-hns amK-n-ep
kacw.
tNmZn--sp: ]ns GXmWv?
\_n (k) ]dp: ]ns ]pWy-I-c-amb lv.)
\_n (k) ]d--Xmbn A_q-lp-ssdd (d) D-cn-pp:

Dq^ e (^]E ` j] ` e ^q
] ^$ ] t^r$ v]

(lv sNp--hcpw Dwd sNp--hcpw Am-lp-hns AXn-Yn-I- fmWv. Ah Ah-t\mSv {]mYn-m Ah-\-hv
Dcw \Ipw. Ah Ah-t\mSv amn-c-m Ah Ahv s]mdp-p- sIm-Sppw.)

lns khn-ti-j-X-I
Ckv e m- a nse ASn- m\ Bcm- [ \m Ia- - f n \a- k v I m- c hpw t\mpw imco- c n- I - a mbn A\p- j v T n- t -
_m[y- X - I - f mWv . kImv km- nI _m[y- X bpw. lm-h s Htcka- b v imco- c n- I hpw km n- I -h p- a mb
_m[y-X-bmWv. \a-kvIm-chpw t\mpw kIm-p-samw Ah-c-h-cpsS \mSp-I-fnshp \nh-ln-p Ia-fmWv.
lm hs, temI-ns GXp-`m-Kv Pohn-p--h-cm-bmepw Atd-_y-bnse a-bn -hv \nh-ln-t--XmWv.
{]hm- N - I - h - c y- \ mb C{_mlnw \_n (A), ]Xv \ n lmPnd (A), ]p{X Ckv a m- C \_n (A) Fn- h - c psS
XymK- ] qW- a mb Pohn-X - kw- ` - h - -f psS HmaI-f p- W p- - X mWv lnse Hmtcm Ia-h pw. A{]-I mcw Xs
Ay- { ]- h m- N - I apl- - Z p- \ _n (k.A)bpw alm m- c mb klm- _ n- I fpw Pohn- p- I bpw ssZh- a mKn
kztZ-l-sf An-p-Ibpw sNbvX ]pWy-`q-an-bn-emWv lv \n-ln-s
- -Sp-Xv.
temI- s - p- a p apkv e nw- I - f psS {]Xn- \ n- [ n- I hj- n - s em- c n- Hp- I q- S p BtKmf apkv e nw
kt-f-\-amWv lv. [\n-I-Z-cn-{Z -hy-Xymkw IqSmsX Fm-hcpw efn-X-amb Htc hkv{X-a -Wnv Am-lp-hns
`h-\-n Hp-tN-cp-Xv Ckvem-anse ka-Xz-n-sbpw kmtlm-Z-cy-n-sbpw hnfw-_cw IqSn-bmWv.
temIm-h - k m\w hsc GXp Ime-L - - nepw GXp \mnepw Pohn- p apkv e nw-I sf C{_mlnw \_n sXmv

Bhn-p lv.

HcpXhW \n_w
Pohn-X-n Hcp-X-hW am{Xta GsXm-cmpw lpw Dwdbpw \n_--apq. ]ns AXp \n_--am-IpXv
t\-bm-n-bm am{XamWv. Am--sXmw kppw. C_v\p Amkv (d) ]d-bpp:

V^ [ # ] ^m ^ ( V^ e^u e ] ^ (s% v] n gj ^$] ^` m% ^m V^ "

# # ] ^f_
D^v] ^] ]e uE % _i ` ] $ s% v] ] n_ji ^` e ]i kf q kf q ^` j

(dkq(k) R-t fmSv {]kw-Knp. Atlw ]dp: P\- tf, \np lv \n_--am- n-b n-cn- pp.
Atm AJvd-D_v\p lm_nkv(d) Fgp-t-p-\nv tNmZnp: Fm sIm-hp-amtWm, Am- lp-hns ZqXtc? \_n(k)
]dp: Rm As\ ]d- psh-n AXp \n_--a m-I p-a m-bn-cpp. AXp \n_--a m-b mtem, \n AXp
sNp-I-bn. \nXp km[n-p-I-bp-an. lv Hcp Xh-W- bmWv \n_w. Bsc-nepw IqSp-X sNbvXm
AXv sFnIw am{X-amWv.)
Hcmv ln\v t]mhm Ign-hpmbm AbmXp \n_- -ambn. Fm DSs\
sNbvXp-sIm--W-sa-n. acnpwapv Ftm sNbvXmepw aXn. `qcn-]-m-`n-{]mb {]Imcw lnPvd-bpsS Bdmw hjw
lv \n_--am-bnpw \_n(k)bpw an klm-_n-am cpw ]m-am-n-emWv lv \nhln-Xv. Fm km[y-amb
BZy- hjw-Xs AXp \nh-lnv _m[yX ]qo-I-cn-p-XmWv \Xv. \_n(k) ]d--Xmbn C_v\p Amkv
D-cn-pp:

Dq^ e `nf] uE q^v] i u]$ ] % i m] m $ r( n s$ v] ]

(lv sNm Dt- i n- p- - h AXp IgnbpwthKw \nhln- p sIm- s. ImcWw, Abm Nne- t m
tcmKnbm-sbphcmw. hml\w \jvS-am-sbv hcmw. Zmcn{Zyw ]nSn-s]-spw hcmw.)

lv \n_--am-hm-\p D]m-[n-I
lv \n_--am-hm Xmsg Imcy- \n_-tm]m-[n-I-fmWv:
1. apkven-am-h
2. {]mbw XnI-b
3. _pn-bp--h-\m-h
4. kzX-{-\m-h
5. Ign-hp--h-\m-h
Cu D]m-[n-I apgp-h\pw ]qn-bm-bn-n-s-n Abmv lv \n_--an. lv Hcp Bcm-[\m Ia-amWv.
GsXmcp Bcm- [ - \ bpw \n_- - a m- h m apkv e n- a m- h pI, {]mbw XnI- b pI, _pn- b p- - h - \ m hpI Fnh
{]mY- a n- t Im- ] m- [ n- I - f mWv. ln\ v hf sc ka - b h pw kmh Imih pw I qSntb Xo cq. ASn- a - b vm- h s,
Zmkyhr- n- b n- t es- S p- I - bm AXp cpw e`npsIm- - W san. Ign- h p- - h - \ m- h - W - s a- Xp Jp- B
hy-am-nb Imcy-amWv.

nf n] ^_j] knf] s% u ^$]

D] ]E

Ignhv

D^_j]E

BtcmKyw, amKkpc- n- X Xzw, hml- \ - n- s bpw ]mtY- b - n- s bpw e`yX Fn- h - b mWv Ignhv
F- X p- sIm- p hnh. bm{Xbv p XS- - a mIpw hn[-a p tcmKw, hm[Iyw Fo Imc- W - - f m ln\v
km[y-a m- h msX hm am-s c-s b- nepw X\n- p-t hn lv \nh- ln- m GmSv sNt- Xv km- nI
Ign-hp--hv \n_-- amWv. Poh, kzv Fn-hp `oj-Wn-bp-sv hmepw hgn-bn _n-X-\m-hpsatm,
B{I-aW-n\v Cc-bm-hp-satm `b-mepw B Ah \opw-hsc A-c-mv lv \n_--an.
lv sNbvXp Xncn-s-pw-hsc X\npw Xs _m[y-X-bn-ep- hpw Bh-iy-amb \nXy-s-e-hn\pw hkv{Xw,
Xma-kku-Icyw BZn- bm-b-hbvpw th hI Dm-hpI F-XmWv ]mtYbw sImp hnh.
hml\w Fv ]d- - X ns Dtiyw Ic, IS, thymaw Fo amKfn- t e- s X- nepw hgn t]mbn- h - c m
kuI- c y- s - S pI F- X mWv . AIew ImcWw a- b n- t ev Im\- S - b mbn bm{X km[y- a - m- h mWnXv .
Im\-S-bmbn bm{X-sNbvXp aS-m km[n-p-hn[w a-bpsS kao-]-{]-tZ-i--fn Pohn-p--hp hml\w
Dm-h-W- sa-Xv Ign-hns `mK-ambn hcp-n.
ln\v t]mbnh-cm th kwJy ssIh-i-a p-m-bn-cnt ISw hot _m[y-X -bp Bv cn\pwIqSn
kwJy XnI- b n- s - n lv \n_- - a n. Abm BZyw sNt- Xp ISwhop- I - b mWv . CXp- X - s - b mWv
Xma- k n- m hotSm, hnhm- l tam, sXmgntem thh cpsS Ah- bpw. Ahpw lv \n_- -a n. lv
bm{X- m-h- iyamb kwJy kzw a-f -m Bsc- nepw \In-b m AXp kzo Icn- \n_- -an. AXp
ap--h-cpsS HuZmcyw kzoI-cn--em-hp- sa-XmWv ImcWw. Fm kzw a-fmWv As\ \Ip--sX- n
AXn Acw Hcp {]iv\w hcp-n F-Xp-sImv AXp kzoI-cn- \n_-a
- m-sW-s{X im^nCu ]n-X
- m
]d-bp-Xv.

Ipn-I-fpsS lv
ap C_m-Z-p-I t]m-se-Xs {]mb-]qn-bm-hm Ipn-I pw lv \n_--an. Fm Ipn-I lv

\n_--amWv. lns _m[yX Ipn-m -es lpsImv Xocp-n-sv kmcw.

ASn-a pw lv \n_--ansnepw ASn-a-b p-sSbpw lv km[p-hmWv. kzX-{-\m-b-t ijw Ign-h p-m-bm
Ah\pw hopw lv \nh-ln- \n_--amWv. \_n(k) ]d--Xmbn C_v\p Amkv (d) D-cn-pp:

D]f_]E p r$ u s$ vm n j $ $ s$ u f ^m% p r$ u s$ vm n &v] e $ $ s$ u f ^m%

(GsXmcp Ipnbpw lv \nh-ln-p-Ibpw {]mb-]qn-sb-p Ibpw sNbvX m Ah asmcp lpIqSn

\nhln-Ww. GsXmcp ASn-abpw lv \nhln-p-Ibpw ]ns tamNn-X-\mhp-Ibpw sNbv Xm Ah asmcp
lpIqSn \nh-ln-Ww.)
Ipn hnth-I-{]m-b-sa-n-b-h-s\-n kzbw Xs Clvdm-an {]th-inv lns Ia- \nhln--bmWv
thXv . hnth-I -{ ]m-b -s a- n-bn- n-s - n Ah\pthn Clv dm-a n Gs-tS- Xpw X_n-b v sNmt- Xpw
Ah- s \- b pw- s Imv Xzhm^pw kAv b pw \S- t - Xpw Ad- ^ - b n \nt- Xpw Is- d n- t b- - X p- s ams
cm-Im-hmWv. Ad-^-bn \npwapv Ipnv {]mbw XnI-bp Itbm, ASnatamNn-X-\m-hp-Itbm sNbvXm
Atm \nhln-p-sIm- n-cn-p lv aptJ-\-Xs \n_ _m[yX Xocpw.

kv{XobpsS lv
]pcp- j - s \- t mse kv { Xopw D]m-[ n- I ]qo- I - c n- m lv \n_- - a mWv . bm{X- b n Ah-t fm-s Smw
`mthm hnhm- l _w \njn- - a mb Bsc- n- e ptam thWw. \_n(k) ]d- - X mbn C_v \ p Amkv (d)
D-cn-pp:

kq i ] $ # ] ^m V^ q ^ ( v $ ] ^i v ^` $ ^e q $ m
i ] s$ v _] V^ ] ] kfj j] ( q$ ^u
D ^f]E

(Hcp ]pcp-j \pw Hcp kv { Xobpw IqsS hnhm- l -_ w \njn- -a mb AhfpsS _p-h p-s - n-e -msX Hcn-S v
H- n- c n- - c pXv . kv { Xo hnhm- l - _ w \njn- - a mb _p- h ns IqsS- b - msX bm{XsNcpXv . Atm Hcm
Fgp-t-p-\nv ]dp: Am-lp-hns ZqXtc, Fs `mcy ln\v ]pd-s-n-cn-pp. Rm\m-Is C bp-n
t]mIm- t]cp-sIm-Sp-n-p-apv. \_n(k) ]dp: \o sNv `mcy-tbmsSmw lv \nhln-pI).
\n_--amb ln\v t]mIp-tmgpw kv{Xo `m-hn-t\mSv A\p- hmZw tNmZn-p--XmWv A`n-Imayw. `mhv
A\p-h-Zn-n-s-nepw Ah lv \nhln-Ww. Fm kp-mb ln\v `m- hns A\p-a-Xn-bp-s-nte
Ah t]mImhq.
ln\v Ign- h n- m B lv sNbvXm AXv km[p- h mIpw. _m[y- X - b n- m- - X p- s Imv AXp
\nhln-m-Xn-cp-m Ahs\ inn-p-I-bn F-mWv \n_-a
- n Fv ]d-X
- ns XmXv]cyw.

lv \nhln-msX acn-m
Hcm lv \n_--am-bn-cnt AXv \nhln-m km[n-msX acn-m Abm-fpsS av IS- t]m-se-Xs
Cu _m[yX \nhln- m\pw ]tc- X s ssIIm- c ym- h - I min Gm- S p- s N- t - XmWv . AXm - b Xv Abm- f psS
a-fn-e m-sc-nepw Abmpthn lv \nhln- p-Itbm hniz-kvX -\ mb Hcmsf Isn Gev] n-p-Itbm
sNWw. C_v\p Amkv (d) ]d-bpp.

r( u ( V^ [^` s% u ki^ oj$u s$ vi s$ vi l ( $ Vk^ "

# ( f$] o k^q n` q ] $
D^f]E ^ ^e % u # ^ ( # ] ]] [ jn ^ k m
( o ^ km (^`

(Pqssl\ tKm{X-nse Hcp kv{Xo \_n(k)sb kao-]n-p-sImv ]dp: Fs amXmhv lv \nhln-m

t\-bm-n-bn-p-m-bn- cpp. Ah lv \nhln-m-\m-hmsX acnp. Ahp-thn F\nv lv sNm-tam?
\_n (k) ]dp: AsX. \o Ahp-thn lv sNbvXp-sIm- pI. \ns Dmv
EW-_m-[y-X-bp-m-bn-cp-p-sh-n \o AXp sImSpv hop-am-bn-cp-nt? Am-lp-hn-\p ISw hopI. ISw hom
Gsd Al Am-lp-hs{X.)
lv \n_- -am-b tijw tcmKw, hm[Iyw BZn-bmb Imc-W- -fm AXp \nhln-m Ign-bmhn[w
Ah-i-\m-bm X\n-p- ]-Icw asm-cmsf Abv lv \nh-ln-nt--XmWv.
X\np ]Icw asm-cm lv \nhln--tijw Hcmv Btcm Kyw hop-In-n-bm Abm hopw lv
\nhln--Wsa-n.

]I-c-m-cs \n_-\
]Icw lv \nh-ln-p--bm t\ct X\n-p-thn lv \nhln--h-\m-bn-cn-Ww. C_v\p-A-mkv (d)
]d-bpp.

s$ v V^ ( V^ [
krru V^ f
nf$ Vm q "
$ $
# # ] $
Dq^ e] (]eE f s$ u

(Hcm f nf Fv i_vdp-abvp ]Icw X_n-bv sNm p-Xp \_n(k) tIp. \_n(k) tNmZnp.
Xm kzn\v lv \nhln-n-ptm? Atlw ]dp: C. \_n(k) ]dp: Fn kz-n-\p-thn
lv \nhln-pI. ]ns i_vdp-abvv thn lv \nhln-pI.)

Ckvem-anI _m[y-X-bmbn lv \n_--ap--h BZyw \nh ln-t-Xv B lmWv. AXn\p tijta t\,
kpv, ap-- hv ]Icw Fo \ne-bvsms lv \nhln-mhq.
lv \nhln-m ISw hmm-h-X. A_vZp-m-ln_v\p A_o- Hu^m(d) ]d-bpp:

D`nf]E V^ [s( v jm s$ vm q$ ] "

# # ] k

(lv sNbvXn-n-m B ln\pthn ISw- hm-t--Xp tm Fv Rm dkqenmlv(k)t\mSv tNmZnp.

\_n (k) ]dp: C.)

ln\p sNe-h-gn-p [\w

ln\v D]-t bm- K - s - S p- p [\w lem- e m- b n- c n- Ww. \njn [\w D]- t bm- K nv lv \nh-l n- p- Xv
Ip-I-c-amWv. lem-em km-Zy-ap-]-tbm-Knv lv sNbvXm lv F _m[yX AXp-sIm v Xocp-sa-mWv
]n-X-m-cpsS A`n-{]mbw. ]t ldm-amb km-Zy-ns Ipw Abmp-mIpw.

t{ijvT- bm{X GXv?

lv \nhln-p--hsc kw_-n-n-S-tmfw Im\-S-bm-{X-bm tWm hml-\-n k-cn-p--XmtWm Gsd
t{ijvTw FXp kw _- nv ]n- X - m cp]- a mWv. `qcn- ] - hpw ]d- b p- Xp hml \- n
k-cn-p--XmWv Daw FmWv. A\kv(d) ]d-bpp.

]a gmi $ q $ # ] $ V^ m V]^ []a ^e ^ V^ ne] ne ^` m ^n p "

# $ f$] $
D^f]E gm ('

(Hcp hr Abm-fpsS cv an-S-bn thp-thv \S-pXp \_n(k) Ip. Atlw tNmZnp: FmWv
Cbm-fpsS {]iv\w? Ah ]dp: Abm \S-m t\-bm-n-bn-cn-pp. \_n(k) ]dp: "Cbm kzi-co-cs
]oUn-n-p--Xn Am-lp-hn\v Xosc XmXv]-cy-an.' A\-cw Abm-tfmSv hml-\-p-dv k-cn- m \_n (k)
\nt-inp.)

sXmgn-se-Sp-
ln-tes Bv lvIa-v `wKw-h-cmhn[w lem emb km-Zy-amKw GXpw
kzoI-cn-m-hp--XmWv. C_v\p Amkv(d) ]d-bpp:

Vo^ i # ] u a nf ] ]^ s( v] ] ^r] oe m^fjm ]^ s( v] $ ^$] $

D^] ^f]E e( ]jfi |^q n n

(lns BZy-Im-e- -fn an\-bnepw Ad-^ -bnepw Zna-Pm-knepw lns av cwK- -fn-ep-sams P\-
I-h Sw \S- n- h - ncpp. ]noSv Clv d m- a n {]th- i n- n-c nt I-h Sw \S- p- -X n Ahp `bw- t Xmn.
Atm-gmWv "\n-fpsS \mYs HuZmcyw tXSp-Xp \np Ip-I-c-a' F Bbv Amlp Ah-X-cn-n-Xv.)

aoJmXv

Dkn]]E

ln Gs-Sm \n-bn Imehpw e-hp-amWv aoJmXv sImp hnh.

im, Zp J-AvZ, Zpln Fo amk-fmWv lvImew.

Df]E l^ ` s% v]

(Adn-b-s amk--fmWv lv) Fv Jp-B ]d-bpp.

Cu amk--fn thWw ln\pthn Clvdm-an {]th-in-p- Xv. CXn\v n ^ k
n ] (Ime-kw-_-n-bmb
aoJmXv) Fv ]d-bpp.
e-kw-_-n-bmb aoJmXp n ^ k
n ] IqSn-bpv. ltm Dwdtbm Dt-in-p--hv Clvdm-an
{]th- i n- m \n- b npsIm Sp e- - f mWv Ah. Ahn-S w- hnSpwapv Clv d m- a n {]th- i n- Ahp
\n_--amWv. Xmsg ]d-bp--h-bmWv Cu aoJm-XpI:
1. Zp lp-s se^: a-b psS hSv 450 Intem-a o- AIse nXn -sN-p Hcp {]tZiw. aZo-\ -hgn hcp- -h
Zplp-sse^-bnshv Clvdm-an {]th-in-Ww.
2. APqlv ^ : a- b psS hS- p- ] - S n- m- d mbn 187 Intem- a o- AIse nXnsNp {]tZiw. kndnb
`mK-p-\ nv hcp- -h Chn- sS-s hv Clvd m-a n {]th-in- Ww. ]g-b-Im-e s Pqlv^ -bpsS AXn c-S-bm-f -
tXp-am-p-t]m-bn-cn-pp. Ctm AXn\v sXmSp mbn a-bn\nv 204 Intem-ao- AIse nXn-sN-p
dm_nKn e] shmWv kndn-b {]tZ-i--fn\nv hcp--h Clvdm-an {]th-in-p-Xv.
3. J\p a\m-kn ^] : a-bpsS Ingp`mKv Ad-^-bn- tev Fgp-p-\np, 94 Intemao
AIse InS-p Hcp ae-{-tZiw. \PvZn \nv hcp-tm Chn-sS-sh-mWv Clvdm-an {]th-in-t-Xv.
4. bewew. a- b psS sXv 54 Intem- a o- AIse nXn- s N- p Hcp ]Xw. ba- \ n\nv hcp- - h
Chn-sS-shv Clvdm-an {]th- in-Ww.
5. ZmXp -CJv l]: a-bn\nv 94 Intem-ao- AIse hSpIng-mbn nXnsNp {]tZiw.
Cdm-Jn\nv hcp--h Chn-sS-sh-mWv Clvdm-an {]th-in-t-Xv.

Clvdmw

D]u]E

lntem Dwd- b ntem {]th- i n- p- - X mbn IcpXpXn DnE\mWv Clv d mw Fv ]d- b pXv . at- s Xmcp

Clvdm-an {]th-in-p-tm ]men--t Nne acym-Z-I-fpv.

1. ipn: \Jw apdn-pI, aoi-sh-pI, I-tcm-ahpw Kply-tcm-ahpw \opI, hpZp Dm-p-Itbm Ipfn-p-Itbm
sNpI, XmSnbpw apSnbpw hmp- s h- pI CXmWv ipn- b m- h p- - X ns coXn. hpZp- s Imv aXn- bm- msX
Ipfn-p--XmWv IqSp-X Daw. C_v\pDa(d) ]d-bpp:

D^v] _]] ]f]E $ ] ] ] u] ] ] jm $% ]

(Clvdmw Dt-in-p-tmgpw a-bn {]th-in-p-tmgpw Ipfn- p-Xp kp-n s]--XmWv.)
B-h-c-tam {]k-h-c-tam \ne-n-n-m kv{XoI Ipfnv Clvdm-an {]th-in-p-Ibpw lns Xhm^v
Hgn-s I-b p apgp-h Ia- fpw A\p-j v T n- p- I bpw thWw. ipn- b mb tijta Xz- h m- ^ v sNmhq. \_n(k)
]d--Xmbn C_v\p Amkv (d) D- cn-pp:

^] i vi ji ^v] ^%] $
]e uE ` _i oj$u knf^e _i ^` $ n ^` $
Dj]
2. ]pcp-jam Xpnb hkv{Xw Hgn-hmn Clvdm-ans hkv{Xw [cn-pI. cv IjvWw XpWn-bmWv Cu hkv{Xw.
Hv DSp- m. asmv Npn- p-X -b v m\pw. Clv d m-a ns hkv { Xw sh-b m-hp- -X mWv Daw. ]pcp-j Xebpw
apJhpw ad-bv-cpXv. kv{XoIp icocw apgp-h ad-bvp GXp hkv{Xhpw Bhmw. apJhpw apssIbpw am{Xta
Ah Xpd- n- S mhq. A\n-h m- c y- s a- n apJhpw admw. \n_ nX kml-N - c y- - f n ]pcp- j - mpw apJw
s]mm-hp--XmWv. Jmknw ]d--Xmbn Camw im^nC(d)bpw kCu-Zp-_v\p- akqdpw(d) D-cn-pp:

v a ` a q ( m v] e ] ke^$ e m ^$ e ^% ^

(ln Gs--h-cm-bn-cnt DYvam-\p_v\p A^v^m\pw (d) sskZp-_v\p-Ym-_nXpw(d) ahm-\p-_v\p l-Iapw(d)

apJw ad-n-cpp.)
3. Clv d m- a n\p apmbn kpKw D]- t bm- K n- pI. ico- c - ntem hkv { X- ntem Clv d m- a n\ptijw AXv
Ah-ti-jn-sp IcpXn Ipg--sam-p-an. Bbni (d) ]d-bpp.

D ^f]E knf ^e _m f ( v vm f ] u "

# # ] gn( k

(Clvdm- a n {]th- i npwapv Clvdm- a n- \ p- t h- nbpw IA- _ sb Xzhm^v sNpwapv ln\nv

hnc-an--Xp-Im-c-W-ambpw Rm \_n (k)v kpK--{Zhyw ]pc-n-sm-Sp-n-cpp.)
4. Clvdm-an\papv cv dIv-Av \a-kvI-cn-pI. BZy-dIvAn ^mXn-lbvptijw kqd-p Im^n-dq\pw
cm-a-tXn "CJvem kp'amWv HmtX-Xv. C_v\p Da (d) ]d-bpp.

DE nj nv] e m "
# % f$] ^

(\_n (k) Znlpsse^-bnshv cv dIv-Av \a-kvI-cn-n- cpp).

Clvdm-ans C\-
Clvdmw aqp-hn-[-amWv
1. ln\pw Dwdbvpw Hnv Clvdm-an {]th-in-pI. CXn\v Jndm D]E Fv ]d-bpp.
2. BZyw Dwdv thn Clv d m- a n {]th- i n- pI. Dwd \nhlnv Xl- p- e m- b - t ijw Zpln Fn\v
ln-\p-thn Clvdman {]th-in-pI. CXn\v Xa-p-Av Dji) Fv ]d-bpp.
3. aoJm-X n \nv ln\v thn Clv d m-a n {]th- i n- pI. lv \nh-l n- -t ijw Dt-i n- p- p- s h- n
Dwd-mbn Clvdm-an {]th-in-pI. CXn\v C^vdmZv D]) Fv ]d-bpp.
ta aqv coXn-I-fn Hmtcm--\p-k-cnpw Clvdm-an {]th-in-- hsc bYm-{Iaw ^ (jj ( Fn-s\
]dbpw. Jndm A\p-k -cnv Cl-dm-an {]th-in-p--h X_n-bv sNmt-Xp sve nf Fv
]d-p-sIm-mWv Xa-pAv A\p-k-cnv Clvdman {]th-in B e nf Fp ]d-p-sIm-v X_n-bv
sNm-Ww. C^vdmZv coXn-bn-emWv ln {]th-in--sX-n Abm sve nf Fv ]d-p-sIm-mWv X_n-bv
sNmt-Xv.
Cu coXn-I-fn XapAv BWv Ghpw t{ijvTsav \_n(k) C{]-Imcw ]d-Xn\nv {Kln-mw.

le j] ^ kf j] % vi ^ k$ vi ma % e
DE ^

# ] ^i ( j
^ ^$ v (]% v ` ]

(\n-fn IqSpX Am-l p-hns\ `b- p--h\pw kXyw ]d-bp- h\pw ]pWyw sNp--h\pw Rm\m-sWv
\n-d n-b m-atm. Fs IqsS _enarK-a n-m-bn-cp-p-sh-n \n Dwd-bn\nv hnc-an-pw -t]mse Rm\pw
hnc-an-p-am-bn-cpp. hcm-\n-cn-p Imcyw apIqn Adn-n-cp-s-n Rm _en-ar-Ks sImp-h-cp-am-bn-cp-n.
AXn-\m \n Dwd-bn\np hnc-an-pI. As\ R hnc- anp. (-\_n-bpsS) B tIp. A\p-kcnp.)
t{ijv T - a m- b Xv C^v d m- Z m- s Wpw A`n- { ]m- b - a pv . Hcm Jndm, C^v d mZv , Xa- p- A v Fn- h - b n Hpw
hy- a m- m- s X- b mWv Clv d m an {]th-i n- - s X- nepw Abm- f psS Clv d mw km[p- h mIpw. Cu aqn GXmbpw
Abmp AXp ]noSv Xocp-am-\n-m-hp-XmWv.
Fm ld-a ns AXnn-Ip-n Xma-kn-p--hv C^vdm-Zn\v am{Xta A\p-h m-Z-apq. Ah BZyw
lv \nh-ln-Ww. Dt-in-p-p-sh-n tijw Dwdbpw. Xa-p-C-s\-n {]Xn-]m-Zn-p- sImv Jp-B ]d-bppV

A-d-Xv.)
Jmcn\pw ap^vcnZpw BZys Xhm-^n\ptijw kAvbv sNpXn \m C^m-Z-ns Xhm-^n\ptijw Ah
kAvbv sNt - - X n . _e n- a r - K s Iqs S- s I m- p- h - - h am{ Xta J ndm A\ p- k c n v Clv dm- a n
{]th-i n- t - Xpq. AYhm Ah C{]- I mcw thWw lv \nhln- m. Am- - h Xa- p- A v , C^v d mZv
coXn-I-fn H-\p-k- cn-m-hWw AXp \nhln-p-Xv. apX-a-nDw Jmcn\pw Hcp arKs _en- (^nZvb) \IWw.
AXp- km-[y-a-sn lpImev aqpw \mn Xncn-s-nbtijw Ggpw t\m-\p-jvTn-Ww. ap^vcn-Zn\v ^nZvb
\n_--an.

X_n-b-v

Dnfj]E

Clv d man {]thinptXmsS X_nbv sNmm\mcw`npXv kpmWv . X_nbv ln

hmPn_msWpw A`n{]mbapv. Xmsg ]dbpXmWv X_nbv.

m (
]
(] v] $ (
nf$

m
nf$ (
nf$ $ ` # ]
nf$

(\ns hnfnv Rm\nXm Dcw \Inbncnpp. Amlpth, \ns hnfnv Rm Dcw \Inbncnpp.
Rm Dcw \In bncnpp. \n\v ]pImc\n. Rm \n\pcw \Inbncnp p. \nbw, kvXpXnbpw
A\p{Klhpw \ntXmWv. A[nImchpw \ntXpXs. \n\v ]pImct\bn.)

X_n-b-v Dds sNm

X_n- b v av ZnIv d p- I - f n\nv hyXy- k v X - a mbn Dds sNm- emWv kpv . sskZp- _ v \ p- J m- e nZv ( d)
D-c n- pp. \_n(k) ]d p. Pn{_o(A) Fs kao-] nv ]dp: Xm-f psS IqmfnI- t fmSv X_n- b v
sNmp-tm i_vZw Dbm \nt-in-pI. AXp lns Hcp Nnlv\-amWv.

e ^v V^ $ ] n mfq ^q V^ "
^ ^` $ n fj$^e ` i] ] n
# $ f$] $ ^ e m
D^v] m e] u q^ e]E s( v]

X_n-bv kp-p Ah-k-c-

hml\w Ib- d p-t m, hml- \ - n\n- n-d - p- t m, Dbcw Ibdp tm, Cd- p-t m, bm{Xm-k w- L s
ImWp-tm, \a-k v Im-c m-\ cw, cm{Xn-bpsS Ay-b m-a--fn Hs X_n-bv kp-mWv . Clv dmw apX
Zpln-- amkw ]n\v v] m Pwd-p AJ-_- bn Hm-as Iv Fdn-bpwh-sc-bmWv X_n-b-ns
kabw. Gdv XpS- p- - t XmsS X_n- b - ns kabw Ahkm\npw. Dwd \nh- ln- p- - h Xzhm^v
Bcw-`-npwhsc am{Xta X_n-bv sNmt- -Xpq.
X_n-bv \ndp-n-bm \_n(k)bpsS t]cn kzemv sNm p-Ibpw ]m]-tam-N-\-n\pw ssZh-{]o-Xnpw
thn {]mYn-p-Ibpw thWw.

Clvdm-an A\p-h-Z-\o-b-amb Imcy-

1. Ipfnbpw hkv{Xw amdepw
lnt\m Dwdtm Clvdmw sNbvX-hv CSbvp Ipfn-p-Ibpw hkv{Xw amdp-Ibpw sNm-hp--XmWv. tkmv,
Xmfn Fnh D]-tbm-Kn- p-Xpw sX.
2. s]mSn, sNv Fo Imc-W--fm apJw-a-dbvp-Xpw A\p- h-Z-\o-b-amWv.
3. apJ-pcp s]mn-p--Xn\pw tISph ]v ]dn-p--Xn\pw hntcm[-an.
4. Im-Sn-bn t\m, ]q hm-k-\n- Fn-hbpw acp-n\pw `-Wn\pw F apX-em-bh D]-tbm-Kn-epw
A\p-h-Z-\o-b-amWv.
5. ]Whpw hne-]n-Sn-p hkvXp-fpw kqn-m Ac-bn t]gvtkm kntbm sImw.
6. shbn- t em-X n- c n- m Xn \npI, XW sIm- pI, ssIIm- e p- I Hgn- p ico- c -` m- K - - f n
ssaemn CSpI Fn-hbpw A\p-h-Z-\o-b-amWv.
7. inWw \Im-\mbn A\n-hm-cy-sa-n _-s--hsc ASn mw. iey-ap-m-p Cu, sImXp, sNv, Im,
]mv , tX, Fen, ]cpv , ISn- p \mb Fn- h sb sImp- I bpw sNmw. Hcm B{I- a- W - I m- c n- s b- n
{]Xym-{I-aWw sImt Abm Xncn-p-t]mhq Fv t_m[y-am-bm Abms-Xn-cn {]Xym-{I-aWw \S-p-Xpw
A\p- h-Z-\o-b-amWv.

\njn--Im-cy- D]u] l^vE

lnepw Dwd-bnepw Gs--hp Xmsg ]d-bp Imcy- \njn--amWv.
1. ssewKn-I-th-gvNbpw AXn-tep t{]cn-n-p Imcy-fpw
2. Ip-Ir-Xy- sN
3. Xn-epw iWvT-Iq-Sepw
JpB ]d-bpp:

Df]E s( v] ]q & s$ v] $ `n l^ ` s% v]

(lv Adn- b - s amk- - f mWv . Ah- b n Bsc- nepw lv \n hln- p- p- s h- n lv thf- b n

kv{Xokw-k--Ktam Ip-Ir-Xytam Xtam AcpXv.) \_n (k) ]d-bpp:

D ^f]E % i n e q m &m s$ u

Ahs\ {]k-hn Zn\- n-te-Xp-t]mse ]m]--fn\nv hnc-an--h-\m-bn -ocpw.)

4. ]pcp-j-m Ipmbw, sXmn, {Suk, ]mvkv, ss]Pma, Pq BZn-bmb Xpnb hkv{X- AWn-b.
\_n (k) ]d-bpp:

rm ] $ n$ ] ] $ ^e $ m] $ ] f] ^ ] n] v] fm
D ^f]E nf] ^m oj$u ^` _n n

(Clvd m-an Gs- -h Ipm-bhpw Xe-mhpw sXmnbpw ss]Pma bpw a-m-bhpw Ipp-a hpw apnb ap
hkv{Xhpw _qvkpw AWn b-cpXv. sNcnv Inn-bn-s-n AX-Wnbmw. ]t Ima-S-n\v Xmsg- shv AXp-cpw
apdn-Ww.)
kv { XoIsf kw_- n- n-S -tmfw apJ-a pSn, ssIIm Dd-I , a-mbw apnb hkv{ Xw Fnh am{X-a mWv
Ahv \ntcm-[n-n-p -Xv. Ipm-bhpw Xpnb hkv{X--fp-samw Ahv [cnmw.
]pcp- j - mv Xpm XpWn e`n- n- s - n ss]Pm- a tbm ]mv t km AWnbmw. XpWn e`n- m Ah
Hgn-hm--W-sapam{Xw. Fm XpWn e`n-n-s-nepw \of-p-mbw AWn-bc
- pXv. Ipmbw Iodn-ap-dnv XpWn-bmbn
cq]m--c-s-Spmw. ]mvkv As\ sNm km[y-a F-XmWv ImcWw.
5. hnhmlw sNepw sNbvXpsImSp-epw ap--hp-thn AXp kzoI-cn--ep-samw \njn--amWv. \_n (k)
]dp:

Dj]E g_m xm v] xm

(Clv d m- a n {]th- i n- - h hnhmlw sN- c pXv . Ah hnhmlw sNbv X p- s Im- S p- - c pXv . hnhm- l - m tem- N \
\S-p-I-bp-a-cpXv.)
6. \Jw apdn-pI, apSn apdn-pI Fn-hbpw \njnw Xs. Jp- B ]d-bpp:

Df]E $ v ` ] fm oj$u ] vi

(_en bYm-m-\-s-pw-hsc \n apSn-I-f-b-cpXv.)

apSn-Im-cWw _pn-ap--\p-`-hn-p-p-sh-n AXp \om-hp--Xm Wv. {]mb-n--ambn t\m-\p-jvTn-p-Itbm Zm\w
\Ip-Itbm _en \Ip-Itbm sNWw.
Clvdm-an-tes--bm \Jw apdn-p-Xv ldm-am-sW Imcy- n ]n-X-mn-S-bn A`n-{]m-b-hy-Xym-k-an.
7. ico-c-ntem hkv{X-ntem kpKw ]pc-pI. CXv kv{Xopw ]pcp-j\pw Hcp-t]mse \njn--amWv.
Clv d m- a n- e p B acn- m Abmsf Ipfn- n- m- \ p sh- n tem I^]p- S - h - b ntem kpKw
D]-tbm-Kn--cpXv.
8. kpK--ap Nmbw apnb hkv{Xw AWn-b. Clvdm-ans apv ]pc-nb kpKw hkv{X-n ]nsbpw
Ah-ti-jn-pp-sh- n Ipg--an.
9. Ic-Po-hn-Isf th-bm-S \njn--amWv. ISPo-hn-Isf th-bm-Sp- Xv A\p-h-Z-\o-b-amWv. Jp-B ]d-bpp:

D^]E ^ u j ^ ( f ] n n ( u ^n$$ ^ ^j ^ vf ] n $ u

(kap-{Z-th-bpw AXnse `-Whpw \nv A\p-h-Zn--s-n-cn pp. \npw bm{X-mpw hn`-h-ambn.

\n Clvdm-an-te sn-cnt Ic-bnse th \np \njn-hp-am-n-bn-cn-pp.)
10. th-ar-K-ns amwkw Xn
Xm Imc-W -a mtbm, Xm kqNn- n- p-I -b mtem, Xs klmbw hgntbm th-b m-S n- n-S n arK- ns amwkw
Xnp-Xpw Clvdman Gs Bv \njn--amWv. Abm-fpsS A\p-hm-Z-an-m-sX-bm-sW-n epw Abmp-thn
th-bm-Sn-b-Xm-sW-n AXpw \njn-w- Xs. Cu hn[-n-sem-p-a-s-n th-ar-Kns amwkw Clvdman G
s--hp `n-m-hp--XmWv.

{]mb-nw

Dm]E

`mcym-k w-k K-sam-gn- p \njn--I mcyw hXpw sNbvXm AXp- sImv lv \njv ^-e-am-h p-I-bn. AXn\p
{]mb-nw \I \n_--amWv. Hcp BSns\ Adp-p-Itbm, AXn\p Ign-hn-s-n Bdv AK-Xn-Ip `Ww
\Ip-Itbm, -AXpw km-[y-as-n- aqp-\m t\m-\p-jvTn-p-Itbm BWv {]mb- nw. Clvdmanembn cns
`mcym-kw-kKwhgn lv \njv^-e-amhpw. Fnepw lns _mn I- A\p-jvTn-pIbpw {]mb-n--ambn
Hcp H-Is Adp-p-Ibpw ASphjw hopw lv \nh-ln-p-Ibpw thWw. lns _mn Ia
A\p-jvTn-p-Ibpw ASp--hjw hopw lv sNp-Ibpw am{X-amWv kv{Xov \n_w.
aqv apSn- s b- nepw apdn- p-I tbm ]dn- p-I tbm sNbv X m _en \n_- - a mWv . Hcp apSn ]dn- m Hcp apv
`-W-km-[-\hpw cv apSnv cv app-amWv {]mb-nw.
Clvdm- a n- e m- s W Imcyw hnkv a - c ntm, Adn- h n- m- s Xtbm Xpnb hkv{Xw [cn- p- I tbm kpKw
D]-tbm-Kn-p-Itbm sNbvXm {]mb-nw \n_--an.

th-ar-Ks sImm
Clvdm-an Gs-n-cnt th-ar-Ks sImm Xpey-aq-ey-ap asmcp arKs _en\Ip-Itbm, AXns
hne Zcn-{Zp Zm\w \Ip-Itbm, t\m-\p-jvTn-p-Itbm sNWw. Dcp-hns hne IW- mn Ac kmC\v Hcp
t\mv F IW-n-emWv t\m-\p-jvTn-t -Xv.
Hcm-fmWv tharKs sIm-sX-n {]mb-n--ns samw _m[yX Abm ItWw. Hn-e-[nIw

ld-anse arKhpw sNSnbpw

Clvdm-an Gs-mepw Cs-nepw ld-anse arK-sf th-bm-S epw kky- apdnpIf-bepw Fm-hpw
\njn--amWv. ld-an apf-bvp CZvJ F ]pn\v Cu \ntcm-[w _m[-I-a. sNSn apdn- m AXn\v hne-sIn
Zm\w sN-W-sa-mWv Camw im^n-CubpsS ]w. {]IrXym apfps]mp sNSn-Iv am{Xta CXp _m[-I-amhp-I-bpq. a\p-jy shp-]n-Sn-n-p-hbvv CXv _m[-I-a.
ltm Dwdtbm Dtiyan-s-n a-bn {]th-in-m Clvdmw Bh-iy-an.

aZo-\-bnse ldw
a- b nse ld- a n- t e- X p- t ]m- s e- X- s - b mWv aZo- \ - b n- s ebpw ldw. AhnsS arK- sf th- b m- S p- Xpw
sNSn- a p- d n- p- Xpw \njn- - a mWv . Ingpw ]Sn- m- d p- a p Idp Iv \nd {]tZ- i - v at[y- b p
{]tZ- i -a mWv aZo- \ -b nse ldw. hS- p-` m- K v Dlv Z n- \ - S p- p Yu ]h-X - n\pw aoJm- n- \ - S p- p sF
]hX-n\pw CS-bv mbn ]{v ssa \op-In-S-p `q`m-K-amWv aZo-\-bnse ldw. \_n (k) ]d--Xmbn
Pm_n-dp_v\p A_vZn (d) D-cn- pp.

DE ^a n ^m ^a ^ _m ^` nje ne ^ m] k$ u ( $ $ u na] e $

(C{_mlnw \_n asb ]hn{X {]tZ-i-ambn {]Jym-]np. Rm aZo-\sb ]hn{X {]tZ-i-ambn {]Jym-]n-p-I-bmWv.
Ahn-Ss cv I`q-an-In-S-bvp {]tZiw, Ahn-Ss aps-Sn-I apdn-p-I tbm arK-sf th-bm-Sp-Itbm
sNp-Xv.)
aZo-\ -b nse ld- a n thbpw acw apdnbpw \njn- -a mWv . C{]- I mcw sNbv X m a-b nse ld-a n- t e-X p- t ]mse
{]mb-n-an. AXns ]m]w Ah hln-Ww. A{X-am{Xw.
a-bn-tebpw aZo-\-bn-tebpw ld-ap-Ip ]pdsa temI-smcn-S pw asmcp (ldw) ]hn-{X-{]-tZ-i-an.
a-bnepw akvPn-Zp ldm-anepw {]th-in-p-tm A`n-Im-ay-amb Imcy-
1. Ipfn-
2. a-bn {]th-in-p-Xv IZm-Av F Ipn`mKp IqSn-bm- hpI.
3. bm{Xm`mhpw apw kpc- n- X - - e v sh- X n\ptijw _m_p- _ - \ q- s si_ F t]cn- e p
_m_p--em-an-eqsS akvPn-Zp ldm-an {]th-in-pI. Atm Cs\ ]d-bWw:

$ ` # ] ( , $ v o ( $ ` # ] # ] e nq$ ] ^_n$ ] m] ^_ m] `q e n ] # ^e
j u h] e xj] e ]

(alm- \ mb Am-l p-h n-t \mSv , Ahs DZm-c - a - l -X z-t mSv , Ahs A\m-Z n-b mb B[n-] - X y- t mSv A`n-i ]v X
]nim- N n\nv Rm c tX-Spp. Am- l p-h ns \ma- n Rm {]th-i n- pp. Am-l pth, apl- -Z n\pw
IpSpw- _ - n\pw \bpw kam- [ m- \ hpw sNmcn- t b- W ta. Am- l pth, Fs ]m]- s]mdp- t - W ta! \ns
Imcp-Wy-ns Ihm-S- F\np Xpd-p-X-tc-Wta!)
5. IAv-_-bn t\mw ]Xn-m ssII-fp-bn Cs\ {]m Yn-Ww.

^ni ^mi ^mi j] r$ u $ $ $ e^` ^mi ^ni ^mi knf ] ]a $ ` # ]

$ ] k $ ` # ] ]& e
$ ^e ^e$ ^n( v $ ]

(Am-lpth, Cu `h-\-n\v al-Xzhpw sshin-yhpw BZ-chpw Kmw`o-cyhpw Gn-tbn sImSp-t-Wta! ltm

Dwdtbm \nh-ln -pIhgn AXn\v al-Xzhpw BZ-chpw Iev]n--hpw al-Xzhpw ssh inyhpw BZ-chpw ]pWyhpw
h[n-n-t-Wta! Am-lpth, \obmWv c. \nn\nv am{X-amWv kam-[m\w. AXn-\m \mYm, cbpw
kam-[m-\hpw \In Rsf A`nhmZyw sNtWta!)
6. XpSv lP-dp Akvh-Zn-\-Spv sNv _l-ftam ap--hp ieytam Dm-msX AXns\ Npw_n-pI.
km[y- a m- b n- s n ssIsImv sXmp- a p- pI. AXp- a - s - n Zqsc- \ nv AXn- \ p- t \sc ssIsImv BwKyw
ImWn-pI.
7. ]ns lP-dp Akvh-Zn\v t\sc-\nv Xzhm^v XpS-pI.
akvP n-Zp ldm-a n {]th-i n- m Xln- v \a-kv Imcw kp n. AhnsS Xln-v Xzhm-^mWv. Fm
^Zv \ - a - k v I mcw \S- p sIm- n- c n- p- t m- g mWv Ahn- t Sv ISpsNp- - s X- n B ^Zv \a- k v I m- c - n
]p-sIm-p-I-bmWv sNt-Xv.

Xzhm^v

D]_]E

IA-_ sb hew- s h- p- -X n- \ mWv Xzhm^v Fv ]d- b p- Xv . Xzhm- ^ns {Iaw C{]-I m- c -a mWv : IA- _ - b psS
`nn-bn sXp-In-gt aqe-bn m]n lP-dp Akvh-Zn\v (Idp Iv) sXm-Spv hSpIngv `mK-tv
A`n-ap-J-ambn \npI. Ign-bp-sa-n lP- dp Akvh-Zns\ Npw_n-pI. km[y-a-s-n ssIsImv sXmpap- pI . AX pw km[ y- a - s n s sI s Imtm a tm AX ns t\s c Nq pI. Atm- s g mw I A_
CS-Xp-`m-K-m-bn-cn-Ww. Fnv C{] -Imcw ]d-bpI.

e^je ^mi
e ^^m $ ` # ] f # ] # ] e
# $ v ( f$] $e ^ ^fi(] ` e ^
"

kXy-s-Spnbpw \obp-am- bp Icm ]menpw {]hm-N-I-Ncy ]n]-nbpw.) ]ns IA_ CS-Xp-`m-Kv hcpw-hn[w
aptmv \S- pI. IA-v _ sb Npn lPdp Akv h -Z ns t\sc hp-t N-c p- -t XmsS Hcp Xzhm^v ]qn-b mbn.
]nsbpw \tS ]d coXn-bn Bhn-pI. IA-_-bpsS hS-p `m-Kv tNv ImWp
A-hr-m-Ir-Xn-bn-ep Ac-a-Xn-en-\p n {]th-in-m-h-X. Cu `mK-n\v lnPv Ckvam-Cu Fv ]d bpp.
lnPvdn-\p-n IS-m Xhm^v km[p-hm-I-bn. IA-_-bpsS Xd-bn Nph-cn\nv ]pd-tp Xn-\np
]mXpIw `mK v Nhnn \S- p- Xpw ]mSn. AXpw IA- v _ - b psS `mK- a mWv . Hcn-S pw IA- _ - b psS Npa
kv]in-t--Xn. AXn ]pWy-hp-an. Fm sXp]Sn-mtd aqe ^n] ] am{Xw sXmSp-Xp kp- mWv.
AhnSw apX lP-dp AkvhZn-\-Sp-s-pw-hsc

^$] h] ^ u ] u ^n % ] ^i, ^e$

Fp {]mYn-p-sIm-n-cn- kp-mWv. tijw kAvbv sNm- \p Xzhm-^n BZys aqv Npnepw Aev]w
[rXn- b n Npa Ipepn \S- p- Xv kp- mWv . AXp ]pcp- j - m am{Xta sNt- - X pp. kv { XoI
km[m-c-W-t]mse \S-m aXn.
Xzhm- ^ n Ign- b p- {X ZnIv d pw {]mY- \ bpw h[n- n- p- Xp \ - X mWv . `uXn- I tam ]mc- { Xn- I tam Bb
D-a-Im-cy- X\ntm ap- -htm th Fpw {]mYnmw.

kpv \a-kvImcw
Xzhm- ^ n\nv hnc- a n- m aJmap C{_m- l o- a n- \ - S ppshv cp dIv A v \a- k v I - c n- kp- mWv .
IA- _ - b psS hmXn`m- K - v sXmp Ingphi- a mWv aJmap C{_mlnw. akv P n- Z p ldmw apgp- h aJmap
C{_m- l o- a m- s Wpw A`n- { ]m- b - a pv . Cu \a- k v I mcw GXp ka- b pw \nh- l nmw. \_n(k) ]d- - X mbn
Pqss_-dp_v\p apXzvCw (d) D-cn-pp:

Dj] ]e uE ^` n ^ ^ m$ o$ knf ] ]` e ^ ]u ] i ^ f e ^m

(A_vZp-a-\m^v IpSpw-_ta, Cu `h-\s hew-sh-p-Ibpw Ahn- sS-shv \a-kvI-cn-pIbpw sNp Bscbpw

cm{Xntbm ]Item GXp ka-b-m-bmepw XS-b-cpXv.)
^mXn-l v tijw BZys dIv -A- n kqd-p Im^n-d q\pw cm-a s dIv-A - n CJv e mkpw HmX
kp-m-Ipp.
akvPn-Zp ldm-an \a-kvI-cn-p--h-cpsS apn-eqsS Xhm-^n-em- bn-cns \S-p-Xp sX. CXp akvPn-Zp
ldm-ans am{Xw {]tXy- I-X-bmWv. Xhm^v \men-\-apv.
1. Xzhm-^p JpZqw: aoJm-Xn \nv Clvdmw sNbvXv hcp--h BZyw sNp--XmWv "Xzhm-^p JpZqw.' CXv
lns LS- I - a . CXp \n_- - h p- a n. kAv b v Cu Xzhm- ^ n\ptijw sNmw. C^m- Z - bpsS Xzhm- ^ n\v
tij-tv ]nn-p-I-bpamhmw.
2. Xzhm-^p C^m-Zx: Zplv ]n\v Pwd-Xp AJ-_-bn Fdn--tijw \S-p Xzhm^v. CXv lns
LS-I-amWv.
3. Xzhm- ^ p hnZm- A v : lv \nh-l nv a hnSp-t m \n_ ambpw sNt- Xpw Dt]- n- m _en
\tI--Xp-amb HmWv Cu Xz-hm^v.
4. Xzhm-^ p- -X z- p- Av : a-bn-e p--t m GXp ka-b pw B pw \nhln- m-hp sFn-I-amb Xzhm^v .
ln\pw Dwd-bvp-ambn a-bn-se-p--h Ign-bp-{X kpmb Xzhm^v \nhln-m {in-t--XmWv.

Xzhm^ns D]m-[n-I (]_] E

1. sNdpXpw hep-Xp-amb Aip-n-I-fn\npw \P-kn\npw ip-am-h. \_n (k) ]d-bpp:

Dj]E ne $ $ jm $ i ] n $ u o^ i # ] $ $ ] _$ ]

(Xzhm^v Hcp- X cw \a- k v I m- c - a mWv . Fm Amlp AXn kwkmcw A\p- h - Z n- n- c n- pp. AXn- \ m
kwkm-cn-p--h \Xp am{Xw ]d-bs.)
Xhm^p sNp--h hpZp Dm-Ww. Ipfn \n_--ap-s-n Ipfn-Ww. B-h-Im-cn-I Bhw \ne--v
ipo-I-cn ti-jta Xhm^v sNmhq. CSbvv hpZp \jvS-s-m hpZp Dm-n- thWw Xhm^v ]qn-bm-m.
Bbni (d) ]d-bpp:

, l^e o # ] f j n ]a $ V^ ( Vk^ nv] m k V^ fi a ^` n "

# # ] $
DE ji oj$u knf ^e _i n t% ^v] m ^ ^

dkq (k) Ah-cpsS ASpv sNp. Ah Ic-bp-I-bmWv. \_n (k) tNmZnp. Fm, Bhw XpS-ntbm?
Ah ]dp: AsX. \_n (k) ]dp: a\p- j y- k v { Xo- I v Amlp \n- b n Hm-W Xv . AXn- \ m lv
sNp--h sNp--sXms sNbvXp-sIm-pI. Fm Ipfn-pw-hsc IA-v_sb hew-sh--cpXv.)
2. Hudv ad-bv : lnPvd -b psS HXmw hjw A_q-_- dn (d) s\ lns Aao-d mbn \ntbm-K n--tm
buap-lvdn C{]-Imcw hnfn-p-]-d-bm \_n (k) Iev]n-n-cpp.

^ ] e s% vm
D ^f]E ^m knf ^e _m

(Cu hj-n-\p-tijw _lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[-I lv sNp-Ibn. \ IA-_sb hew-sh-p-I-bp-an.)

3. ]q-amb Ggv Npp-thWw. lP-dp Akvh-Zn-\-Sp-p -\ntm AXn\pt\sc-bp hc-bn\ntm XpS-p

Xzhm^v IA- v _ sb hewshv Ahn- s S- X s Fp- t m- g mWv Hcp Npv ]qn- b m- h pXv . AXn HcSn
_mn-bp-s-n Xzhm^v ]qn-bm-hp-I-bn. Cs\ Ggp-Npv \S-m am{Xta AXp ]qW Xzhm-^mhp-Ibpq.
Npns F- n kwibw tXmn- b m Dd- p Npcpnb Fw ]cn- K - Wnv _mn ]qn- b m- Ww.
Xzhm-^n\nv hncan tij-amWv kwibw DS-se-Sp--sX-n AXv ]cn-K-W-\ml-a.
4. Xzhm^v lP-dp Akvh-Zn\pt\sc \nv XpSn AhnsS Xs Ah-km-\n-Ww.
5. IA_ Ftmgpw Xzhm^v sNp--hs CS-Xp-`m-Km-hWw. Pm_n (d) ]d-bpp:

$ nm o $ $ j^ ] rv] oi $ "
DE ^ e o ^$
# # ] ^$

(dkq (k) a- b n h-t m BZyw lP- d p Akv h -Z n- \ Spv sNp. AXns\ sXmp-N pw-_ np. ]ns
he-Xp-`mKw Xncnv \Sp. aqp-{]m-hiyw Aev]w [rXn-bnepw \mep-X-hW \Spw Xzhm^v sNbvXp.)
6. Xzhm^v IA- _ - b psS ]pd- pIqsSbm- h pI. AXm- b Xp lnPv Ckv a m- C u- e n- e qsS ISpt]mbm Xzhm^v
km[p-hm-I-bn. IA-_ -bpsS ]mXp-I-n Nhpn \S-mepw Xzhm^v km[p-h. AXp cpw IA-_-bpsS Xs
`mK-amWv.

Xzhm-^ns kp-p-I
1. lP-dp Akvh-Zns\ Npw_npw AXp km[y-a-s-n ssIsImv sXmp Npw_npw AXpw km[y-a-s-n
AXn-\p-t\sc BwKyw ImWnpw Xzhm^v XpS-pI. XpS--n ssI Dbepw f ] ] e Fp sNmepw
kp-mWv. C_v\pAmkv (d) ]d-bpp:

jf$
jj] ^
j]
f$ "
$ ( V^ % ] o g$ $

# fnfu ru
DuE u # ] ^

(Da(d) dpIv \ n lP- d p Akv h Zv Dtiyw apJ- a - a n- shp. Fnp ]dp: \o Hcp Im- s Wv
F\n- - d nbmw. Fs {]nb {]hm N- I (k) \ns Npw_n- p- I bpw sXmp- a p- p- I bpw sNp- Xv Rm
In-cp- n-s -n Rm \ns sXmp-a p- p-Ibpw Npw_n-pI bpw sNp-am-b n-c p-n. "Am-lp-hns ZqX-\ n
\np Da amXr-I-bpv.')
lP-dp Akvh-Zns\ Npw_n-m {ian-p-tm Xncp Iqm-Xn- cn-m\pw ap--hp
hnj-a-ap-m-m-Xn-cn-m\pw {]tXyIw {in- Ww.
2. taw a[yw he-X p-I - - n-e qsS FSpv cv Ahpw CS-X p-N p-a-e n hcpw-h n[w ]pX- bvpI. CXnv
'CZvXn-_m-Av' ]d-bp p. C_v\p-A-mkv (d) ]d-bpp:

uE p n ] ` i ] o ^a `^e, kvi ` jm ] f _^ ] r] ] j] e ^v #
" $ f$] $
D]e

(\_n(k)bpw klm-_n-amcpw PnCdm-\-bn\nv Dwd-bn {]th- inp. Ah taw I-n\v Xmtg-qSn

CSXp Npa-en Cp- sImv AWnp.)
3. da\Sw. BZys aqv Xzhm-^n Npa-en-fn Aev]w [rXn-bn \S-pI. CXn\v "da' Fv ]d-bpp.
C_v\p-D-a (d) ]d-bpp:

D uE ^ e o ^$$ ] rv] o ] rv] "

# # ] $

(dkq (k) lP-dp AkvhZv apX lP-dp Akvh-Zvhsc aqp XhW Aev]w [rXn-bn \Sp. \mep-X-hW
km[m-c-W- t]m-sebpw \Sp.)
tijw kAvbv D Xzhm-^n am{Xta CZvXn_mDw d-aepw kp- pq. CXp cpw ]pcp-j-mp am{X-amWv
kpv . kv { XoI apJhpw ssI- nbpw HgnsI icocw apgp- h adbv - t - X m- W tm. Xzhm- ^ n Ah
km[m-c-W-t ]mse \S-p-I bpw thWw. "aZo-\-bnse ]\nbpw \psS B{I-a -Whpw Xfnb Hcp-Iq- CXm, Dwd
\nh lnm hcpp' Fv i{Xp- \_n(k)sbbpw klm- _ n-a m- s cbpw ]cn- l - k np. CX- d n \_n(k)
BZys aqp Xzhm-^n in-{]- I-S-\-sa-tmWw thK-n \Sm \nt-inp. \_n(k) \nt-in- p-Ibpw
A\p-jvTn-p-Ibpw sNbvX Imcyw F \nebvv AXv kp mbn XpSp-h-cpp.
4. dpIv\p bam\n sXp-]-Sn-mtd aqesb sXmS. C_v\p Da (d) ]d-bpp:

km ] rv] ^n ] n% ] ma j ] k i ^ ^ nn$^n ] $ ^] % m "

# $ f$]
D (^f]E ^ $ ^` jm "
# # ]
(\_n(k) cv bam\o dpIv\p-I sXmSp--Xmtb Rm In-pq. \_n (k) Cu cv dpIv \ p- I fpw dpIv \ p
bam-\nbpw lP-dp AkvhZpw sXmSp-Xp I-Xn ]ns hnj-a-L-nepw kuJym- h-b
- nepw AXp cpw
sXmSp-Xp Rm Dt]-n-n-n.)

kv{XoIfpw ]pcp-j-m-cpw Hn-p Xzhm^v

kv{XoI ]pcp-j-m-tcm-sSmw Xzhm^v sNp-Xp sX. \_n(k) bpsS Imepw A{]-Im-ca
- mWv Xzhm^v \S-n-p-Xv.
C_v\p PqssdPv ]d--Xmbn Camw _pJmcn D-cn-pp.

[ ^q( ] "
# ( f$] ^ ^ $ ` i n V^ ^q( ] ] _$ ] ^(] ^a e] ^_ f

XS--tm Atlw tNmZn p: \_n(k)bpsS `mcy-am ]pcp-j-m-tcm-sSmw Xzhm^v sNbvXn-cp p Fn-cnt

Xm Fs\ Ahsc XSbpw?E

hml-\-n-en-cp-p Xzhm^v
hml-\-n-en-cppw Xzhm^v sNmw. C_v\p Amkv(d) ]d-bpp:

D ^f]E rve % ] jm n e o ] ] r$ u ^ "

# $ f$] $

(H-I- p-d- n-cpp \_n (k) l- p hnZm-C Xzhm^v sN bv X p. Xs hSn-sIm-mWv Atlw dpIv \p
sXmXv.)
IpjvTw-t]mse P\-v {]bmkw krjvSn-p tcmK-ap--h Xzhm-^n\v hcm-Xn-cn--emWv D-a-sa-s{X Da
(d) hn[n-Xv.
Xzhm^pw kpv \a-kvIm-chpw Ign-m Aev]w kwkw shw IpSn-p-Xv \-XmWv. \_n (k) A{]-Imcw
IpSn-p-Ibpw ^f ^` ^ ^ ^` (AXp A\p-{K-lo-X-amWv. AXp `-W-n\v `-Whpw tcmK-n\v
ia-\-hp-amWv) Fv ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvX-Xmbn _pJm-cnbpw apkvenapw D-cn-n-pv.

apX-k-an-\-Spp shp {]mY\

lP-dp Akvh-Zn\pw IAv_-bpsS hmXn-en\pw at[y-bp e n\v apXkw (j]) Fp ]d-bpp. AhnSw
{]mY-\ bv v {]m[m \y-a p e- -f n HmWv . \_n(k) apJhpw s\pw apX-k n-a n- t\mSv tNp-s hv
{]mYn--Xmbn dntmp-I hn-pv.
Xzhm-^n\v tijw IAv-_-bn Ibdn \a-kvI-cn-p-Xpw kp- mWv. lnPv CkvamCuen-em-bmepw B ]pWyw
t\Smw.

kAvbv

D]E

lnsbpw Dwd-bp-sSbpw Hcp dpIv\mWv LSIw kAvbv. k^m ahm Ipp-In-S-bn \S-p-I-bmWv
kAvbv.
C{_mlow \_n(k)bpsS ]Xv\n lmPd(d) shw tXSn Cu Ipp-In-S-bn \S--Xns\
A\p-kva-cn-np--XmWv kAvbv.
kA-vbns \n_--\-I:
1. AXp Xzhm-^n\v tij-am-hWw
2. AXp Ggp-{]-hmiyw thWw
3. k^-mbn \np XpSn ah-bn Ah-km-\n-Ww
4. k^mahm Ipp-In-S-bn \nnX {]tZ-i
- p-IqsS thWw kAvbv sNp--Xv.
C-d --X n\nv `n-a mbn kAvb v sNbvXm AXv Akm-[phm bn-c npw. kA-v bn cv Ipnepw Ib-d
\n_--an. kAvbv Ggpw XpStc CS-ap-dn-bmsX thW-sa-p-an. CSbvv Aev]w Xma-kn pw \a-kvIm-chpw apw
\nh-l npw kAv bv \Smw. kA-v bn\v ipn \n_-a
- n. AXp kp-mWv. hml-\
- n-te-dnbpw kAvbv \Smw.
Im\-S-bmbmWv Daw. Ipp-In-S-bn-ep {]tXyI AS-bm-f
- n-S-bn Aev]w [rXn-bnepw ap e--fn
km[m-c-W-t]m-sebpw \S- ]pcp-jmp kp-mWv. kv{XoI Fm epw km[m-c-Wt]mse \S-m
aXn. k^m-bnepw ah-bnepw km[y-am- b{X Ib-depw Jn_ve--`n-ap-J-ambn \nv C{]-Imcw {]mYn-epw kp-mWv:

]
m u # ] $
r u # ] $ m n ( o a knm nvm v]
u h] u] a f

(Am-lp-h-msX Cem-ln. Ah GI. Ah\v ]p-Im-cn. AhmWv B[n-]Xyw. kvXpXnbpw Ah\pXs.

Ah Pohn-n-p p. acn-n-p-Ibpw sNpp. Ah Fm-n\pw Ign-hp--h\s{X. Am-lp-h-msX Cem-ln.
Ah GI. Ah hmKvZm\w ]menp. Xs ASn-asb klm-bnp. Ah GI-\mbn i{XpkwLsf ]cmP-bs-Spn.)
kAvbv sNp--Xn-\n-Sbnepw ZnIvdpw ZpBbpw Ign-bp-{X h[n-n- kp-mWv.

$ u] ] h( ] nf$ ] a] u] ] h(
] % ] k

(\mYm, s]mdp- pI, ImcpWyw sNmcn- b pI, EPp-a mK- n-e qsS \bn- pI. \mYm, s]mdp- p-I bpw ImcpWyw
sNmcn- b p- I bpw sNpI. \o {]Xm]hm\pw AXyp- Z m- c -\ p-a m-I pp.) Fn- s\ \_n (k) {]mYn- n-c p- - X mbn
D-cn--s-n-pv.
Dwd \nh-ln-p--h Xzhm^n\pw kA-vbn-\pw tijw apSn-I-f-bp- Itbm apdn-p-Itbm sNbvXm Clvdm-an\nv
ap-cmhpw. AtXm-sSmw Clvdmw ImcWw \njn--am-bn-cp--sXmw Ahv A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-bn-ocpw.
ap^v c ntZm apJv c nt\m Bbn ln Gs-S p- -h Xzhm-^ p JpZqw a-b n hcp- t m-g p Xzhm^v
\nhln--tijw kAvbv IqSn \S-n-bmepw apSn-sb-Sp-m ]mSn. an\, Ad^, apk-vZ-en^ Fn-hn-S--fn sNpw
Pwd-I-fn Is-dnpw Zpln ]n\p tijw thWw Ah apSn-ap-dn-m

an\m-bn
lns ap Ia- Bcw-`n-p-Xv Zpln Fn-\mWv. B Znh-k-n\v "buap-hnb' Fp ]d-bpp.
buap-hnb-bn lmPn-am an\m-bn-tep t]mh kp-mWv. Jmcnt\m ap^vcntZm BsW-n t\c-s-bp

{]th-inv thWw an\m-bn-tep t]mhm. Av an\m-bn sNn-s-nepw ln\v `wKw hcp-n. \_n(k)bpsS
Hcp kpv Dt]- np F \yq\X _mn\npw. an\m- b n- t ev t]mhptm X_n-bpw ZpBbpw
h[n-n-Ww. fplv, Akv, aKvcn_v, CimAv, kp_vlv Fo \a-kvIm-c- Ahn-sS-sh-mWv \nh-ln-t-Xv. cm{Xn
an\m-bn Xma-kn-Ww. Zpln H-Xn\v kqtcym-Z-b-n\v apv AhnSw hnSp-Xp A`n-Im-ay-a. buap-hn-bv
apt Bh-iy -sa-n an\m-bn-tep t]mIm-hp--XmWv.

Ad-^m-bn \n

De ]E

Zpln HXv BWv Ad-^m-Zn\w. Av kqtcym-Zb

-
- n\ptijw Zv hgn Ad-^-bn-tep t]mhWw. XIv_o,
Xlv e o, X_n- b v Fnh sNmn- s m- mWv t]mth- Xv . t]mIpw- h gn \an- d - b n Xn Ipfn- p- Xpw
Dbv-p-tijw am{X-w A-d-^-bn sNepw kp- mWv.
Ghpw t{ijvT-Zn-\-amWv Ad-^m-Zn\w. Bbni (d) D-cn-pp: \_n (k) ]dp:

[ a ] ^ Vn ] `e a^f m $ $ $ q $ n $ m ^$] ]f n # ] j m % m ^

(Ad^m Zn\-n-t e-Xn-s\-m IqSp-X Amlp ASn-a-I sf \c- I-n\nv tamNn-n- p asmcp Zn\-an.
Amlp ASp- p- hcpw. Fnv "Ch FmWv B{K- l n- p- Xv ' Fv ae- p- I - t fmSv Ah A`n- a m-\ -] qw
tNmZnpw.)
Amlphns\ kvacnpw Ahs\ {]mYnpsImpamWv Ad^ bn \ntXv.

Ad-^-bnse \ndpw kw_-n hn[n

Ad-^ -b n \n lns kp{]- [ m- \ - L - S - I - a m-s W Imcy- n ]n- X - m GIm- ` n-{ ]m-b - m- c mWv .
A_vZpdlvam-\p-_v\p -b-A-vap (d) D-cn-pp:

DuE r] f q n ^q s% v] V ^m ^m ^ "
# # ] $

(dkq (k) Hcm- t fmSv C{]- I mcw hnfn- p- ] - d - b m Iev ] np: lv Ad^- b mWv . PwCs cm{Xn Bsc- nepw
{]`m-X-n\papv Ad-^- bn hmepw Ah\v lv e`n-n-cnpw.)

kabw
Zpln amkw H- X n\v D- ap- X ]n\v {]`mXw hscbmWv Ad- ^ - b n \nm- \ p kabw. Cu
ka- b - n\v CSbv v Ftm Ad- ^ - b n hmepw Ad- ^ - b n \nXmbn ]cn- K - W npw. ]I Ad ^- b n
\np--h kqcym-kvX-a-bw-hsc \nWw. Akva-b-tijta aS-mhq. cm{Xn \np--hv C{X ka-bw-hsc
F \n_- -an.
Ad- ^ -b n \npI F- X ns XmXv ] cyw AhnsS kn- l n- X - \m- h pI FXp am{X-a mWv . \np- I tbm
Ccn-p-Itbm InS-p-Itbm Dd-p-Itbm \S-p-Itbm Fp-amhmw. Ad-^-bn \np--Xn\v ipn D]m-[n-b.
Fm Ad-^-bn \np Bv Aev]-k-a b-sa-nepw t_m[w Dm-hWw. apgp-k-a-bhpw t_m[-c-ln-X-\m-bn-cpm B Ad^m \ndpw km[p-h m-I-bn. AXn-\ m Abmp lv e`n- p-Ibpan. ASp--h jw Abm
hopw lv sNWw.
Ad- ^ - b n Fhn- s S- \ n- mepw km[p-h mIpw. Ahn- s S- b p ]md- q- - n- \ - S p- mWv \_n (k) \nn- c p- Xv .
AXn- \ m AhnsS \npI IqSp- X ]pWy- I - c - a mWv . P_- e p dlv a - b n Ib- d p- - X n {]tXyI ]pWytam
kptm C. \_n (k) ]dp:

Du (E ^` % ^` a k

(Rm Chn-sS-bmWv \nXv. Fm Ad^ apgp-h \nm\p CS-amWv.) Ad-^-bn \nm thn Ipfn-
kp-mWv. ]qWipn, Jn_vesb A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-, ]m]-tam-N-\-n\pw ap- ap {]mY\-I, ZnIv Fnh
h[n-n- BZn-bm-bh Ad-^-bn \np--Xns acym-Z-I-fmWv. Dkma-Xp_v\p sskZv (d) ]d-bpp:

D^]E m mm l^ e "
# ( f$] k

(Ad-^-bn Rm \_n (k)bpsS kl-Nm-cn-bm-bn-cpp. AhnsS \_n (k) Ccp-ssIbpw

Dbn-{]mYn-p-sIm-n-cpp.)
Awdp-_v\p ipsF_v ]nXmhphgn ]nXm-a-l-\n\nv D-cn-pp.

]
m u # ] $ m "
n ( o a n] n e v]
# ( f$] ^ % ^
Dj] (uE m
(Ad-^-\m-fn \_n (k)bpsS {]mY\ IqSp-Xepw

m n ] ] F-Xm-bn-cpp.)

Ad-^m-\m-fnse t\mv
Ad^mZn\w t{ijvT-Zn-\-am-sW--Xp-t]mse Xs Ad-^m-\m-fnse t\mpw AXn-t{i-jvT-amWv. Fm Ad-^-bn
\np lmPn-am Av t\m-\p-jvTn-p-Xv A`n-Im-ay-a. AXv \_n (k) \ntcm-[n-n- pv. \mn-ep--hmWv
AXv kp-mbn \n-bn-n-p-Xv.
Ad- ^ - b n shv fplv d pw Akv d pw PwB- b n- mWv \a- k v I - c n- t - Xv . \_n (k) A- s \- b mWv Ah

C^mZ

D^]E

Ad- ^ - b n\nv Xncn- p- t ]m- h p- - X n\v "C^mZ' Fv ]d- b pp. Ad^ Znhkw kqcym- k v X - a - b - n- \ p- t ijw
kam-[ m- \ -] qhw Ad- ^ - bn\nv apkv Z- e n-^ - b n- t ep \ot- -X mWv . C^m-Z- ns ka-b pw Ign-b p- {X
X_n-bv sNmn-sm-n-cn-Ww. aKvcn_pw CimDw Ad-^-bn sh, apkvZ-en-^-bn shmWv \a-kvI-cn-t
-Xv. PwDw -J-kvdp-ambn, aKvcn_v aqpw Cim-Av cpw dIv-A-mWv \a-kvI-cn-t-Xv. apkvenw D-cn-pp.

DE ^n ^` ne xf(m nj ^ u] ]e ^ ] h] ne r ] oi $ n # ] o$ $

(\_n(k) apkv Z-e n-^ -b n hp. Ahn-s S-s hv Hcp _mpw cp CJm-a - p-a mbn aKv c n_pw Cim-D w PwBbn
\a-kvI-cnp. AXv cn-\p- an-Sbvv asmpw \akvIcnncpn)
apkvZen^bn cm{Xn Xn AhnsSs kp_vlv \akvIcn Ww. XpSv aivAdp ldman hv \t]mse
{]Imiw ]cp thmfw ZnIvdnepw {]mY\bnepw apgpIWw. kqtcymZbn\v Aev]w apmbn AhnsS\nv an\bnse
Pwdp AJ_bntep \oWw. Pm_n(d) ]dbpp.

oi oj$u ] ] g $ $ r] o$ r] oj$u r_] $ $ ^ ] h] o$ ] oi ^$ "

# $
DE $ ] f $ $ ]& q oj$u ^ ] m ] v] ]

(\_n (k) apkvZen^bn htijw aKvcn_pw CimDw \akvI cnp. ]ns {]`mXamhpw hsc AhnsS InSp.
XpSv ^Pv \a-kv Icnp. ]ns Jkv hm-Av F H-I - p-d v Ibdn aiv -A -d pldm-an sNv AhnsS \nv
{]mYn-p-sIm-t-bn-cpp. \mbn {]Imiw hym ]n-p-Xphsc AXp XpSp. ]ns kqtcym-Z-b-n\v apmbn
Ahn-sS-\np ]pd-sp.)
apkvZ-en-^bvpw an\mpw at[y-bmWv apl-n F ew. AhnsS Fp-tm Aev]w [rXn-bn \S-Ww.
\_n (k) ]d- -Xmbn Pqss_-dp-_v\p -apXvCw (d) D-cn-pp:

DuE $ v ] ] %

(apkvZ-en^ apgp-h cm{Xn Xm ]nb e-amWv. apl-ndn shv Aev]w [rXn-bn t]mhpI)

_en-Zn\w Dv] m E

Zpln-- amkw ]n-\mWv _enZn\w v] m Fv ]d-bpXv. lmPn-am Av _en-\Ip--Xp-sIm-mWv B

Znh- k - n\v A s\ t] h- Xv . Pwd- b n Is- d n- b , _en, apSn- I - f - b , Xzhm- ^ v Fo Ia Av
\nhln-Ww.
apkvZ-en-^-bn\nv t]mv an\m-bn-se-n-bm AhnsS Pwd-Xp AJ-_-bn Is-dn-bpI. ]ns _en-ar-Ks
Adp- pI. tijw apSn- I- f - b pI. ]ns IA- _ bn sNv Xzhm^v sNpI. Cu {Iaw \n_ - a . Cu
{Ia-n-e-m-sXbpw Cu Imcy- sNbvXp-sIm-m \_n (k) A\p-hmZw \In-bn-pv. A_vZp-m-ln_v\p Awdv (d)
]d-bpp:

^ v f kv ( # ] ^m V ^ q ^r m ^$] oe ^$ "
# # ]
V"
# # ] ^ ( f lv ( # ] ^m V ^ , ^q $ $ t u xe] V "
# # ]
DE t u ] V ^ $ $ $ n "
# # ] ^ V ^ (t u ]

(dkq (k) P\-p tNmZn--dn-bm-\mbn an\m-bn \ne-sIm p. P\- At-l-tmSv

tNmZn-p-sIm-t-bn-cpp. Hcm hv ]dp: Am-lp-hns ZqXtc, F\nv Adn-bp-am-bn-cp-n, As\ Rm
Adhv \Spw apt apSn-I-f-p-t]mbn. dkq (k) ]dp: Adhv \S-pI, kmc-a n. ]ns asm-c m hp
]dp: Am-lp-hn s ZqXtc, F\nv Adn-bp-am-bn-cp-n, Rm Fdnbpw apt Adpp. dkq (k) ]dp.
kmc-an, t]mbn Fdn-bpI. BZytam Ah-km-\ tam sNbvX GXp-Imcyw kw_-nv tNmZn-mepw \_n (k) ]dbpw,
kmc-an sNbvXpsImpI).
buap--lvdn AJ-_ -bn Is-d nv apSn-I -f-bp-Itbm shp-I tbm sNp--t Xm-Sp-IqSn Clvdm-an \np
{]mY- a nI apn- b mbn. ]ns Abmv km[m- c - W - t ]mse hkv { Xw [cnmw. kpKw D]- tbm- K nmw.
kv{XokwkK-a-m Fmw sNmw. CXn\v ] vj] Fv ]d-bpp. Xhm-^p C^mZ IqSn sNbvXm
Clvdm-an\nv ]qW-ambn ap-\mbn. CXn\v ^%] vj] Fv ]d-bpp. Xhm-^p C^mZ lns
\n_--L-S-I--fn HmWv.

Pwd-I Fdn-b

D^r] E

C{_mlnw (A) lv I a- A\p-j v Tn- p-s Im- n-cnt Pwd p AJ-_-bnshv At-l- n-\p-a p- n
]nimNv {]Xy- - s p. Atlw AhnsS \nv Ahs\ Fdn- t m- S np. Pwd- p hpkv - X z- b n epw Pwd- X p
Ip_v d - b n- e p-s ams {]Xy- - s Ahs\ Ahn- S - - f n \npw Fdn- mn. Cu kw`hw Camw- ss_- l Jn (d)
D-cn-n-pv.
Pwd-bn Fdn-b \n_-amWv. Fm AXp sNbvXn-s-n lv Akm-[p-hm-bn-o-cpw-hn-[-ap ASn-m\
LS-I-a. AXp \nhln-n-s-n _en \n_--amhpw. Pm_n (d) ]d-bpp:

 ( ( ^ o( ]j Vm v$] m j u] o r] m $ n # ] o$ $ f$] km
D^] (u (E a j r$ u e s% u
(\_n (k) hml-\ -p-d-n-cpv Pwdsb Fdn-b p- Xp Rm Ip. \_n (k) ]d-bp-p-m-bn-cpp: \n-fpsS
lvI Fn \nv Ip-]-Tn-pI. F\n-d- n-bn, ASp-s
- Imw Rm CXp-t]mse lv sNbvXn-sv
hcmw.)
hfsc sNdnb Ip-sIm-mWv Pwd Fdn-tb-Xv. A_vZpd-lvam Assan (d) ]d-bpp.

D_]]E ] ] r$ u ] ou %e ^r] "

# # ] ^

(IS-e-a-Wn-bpsS hep--ap Ip-IsImv Pwd-I-fn Fdn-bm l-p hnZm-Cn dkq (k) R-tfmSv
Iev]np.)
I-m Hp-sImpw Fdn-m aXn-bm-hp-I-bn FmWv `qcn-]w ]n-X-mcpw ]d-bp-Xv. Is-Sp-m
{]tXy-I-ew \nW-bn-n-n-m--Xp-sImv Fhn-sS-\nv FSp-mepw aXn-bmhpw.
buap- -l v d n Pwd-X p AJ-_ - b n am{Xta Fdn- t b- -X pq. ASp aqp Znh-k hpw aqp Pwd-I -f nepw
Fdn-b Ww. Fm cp ZnhkwsImv aXn-b m- m-h p- -X mWv . aqp-Z n-h kw Fdn-b p-pshn Fgp-] Xpw cv
Znh-kw-sImv aXn-bm-p-p-sh-n \mev]n HXpw ImWv samw thXv. Hmtcm Pwd-bnepw Ggp-hoXw Iv.
aqpZnhkw Fdn-bp-p-sh-n 73=213=63+7=70. cv Znh-k-n Npcp-p-p-sh-n 73 = 21242+7 = 49.
buap--lv-dn kqtcym-Z-b-n\ptijw Dbvp appw 11, 12, 13 Znh-k--fn Am-ap--ivcoJv FmWv B
Znh-k--fpsS t]cv Dbvptij-hp-amWv Fdn-tb-Xv. Imc-W-ap-s-n buap--lvdn Dbvp tijhpw ap
Znh-k--fn kqcym-kvX-a-b-n\ptij-hp am hmw. ap-Zn-h-k--fn h[n Xnc-p-s-n Dbvv appw Fdnbm-sav Nne ]n-X-mv A`n{]m-b-apv. Hmtcm Is-dn-bp-tm gpw f Fv ]d-bp-Xpw Hmtcm Pwd-bnepw
Fdn-p-I-gn-m Jn_ve--`n-ap-J-ambn\nv {]mYn-p-Xpw kp-mWv. Pm_n (d) D-cn-pp.

DE ^u ( f(m ^ "
# # ] $

(dkq (k) Hmtcm Is-dn-bp-tmgpw XIv_o sNmp-am-bn-cpp.)

buap--lvdn kqtcym-Z-b-n\ptijta Fdn-bm A\p-hm-Z-apq FXv ]n-X-m-cpsS
GI- I - W v T m- ` n- { ]m-b -a mWv . Fm kv { XoI, Ipn-I , CS-b - m, Zp_-e , ap Hgn-I - g n-h p- -h Chsmw
kqtcym-Z-b-n\p apv ]mXn-cm-{Xn-vtijw Fdn-psIm-m Cfhv \In-bn-pv.

an\m-bnse cm{Xn Xmakw

Doe knf])

Xivco-Jns aqp cm{Xn-I-fn As-n cv cm{Xn-I-fn an\m bn Xma-kn- \n_-a

- mWv. cm{Xn Xmakw
F-Xp-sImv cm{Xn apgp-h Xma-kn- Dt-iy-a. Aev]-k-a-b-sa-nepw an\m-bnep-m-h W-sa-t-bpq. Fm
Hgn-I-g n-h p- -h v CXnepw Cfhv A\p-h-Z n n- pv . cv Znhkw Fdnv aXn-b m- p--h 12\v aKv c n-_n\papv
an\m-bn\nv ]pd-p-h-tc--XmWv. Am--]w 13\pw Fdn-b \n_--amhpw.

_en-arKw (`]E
]pWyhpw Am- l p-h ns {]Xn- ^ - e hpw Dt- i nv ld-a n- t ep sImp-t ]m- I p arK- s - b mWv lZv b v Fv
]d-bp-Xv.

Dxj]E $ v fm ^ ` ]

(_en- s bm- Iw, AXp AXns m\- s - p- - X n\nv XS- n- S - s p) F Jp- B hmIyw CXns\
kqNn-n-pp.

Dsv]E nj ] knf] o ^` % v $ $

(]ns AXns\ sImp-h-tc-Xp hnip `h-\-n-te-m-Ipp) Fv kqdx- l-nepw ]d-bp-pv. HIw, ]ip,
BSv F {Ia-n- emWv _en-ar-K--fpsS {]m[m\yw. Cu aqv arK--fn ]cn-an-X-hp- amWv AXv. Hcmv Hcp BSv,
Ggp- t ]v Hcp ]ip Asn Hcp HIw F tXmXn _en \Imw. Hcp BSn Hn- e - [ nIw t]p
]p-tN-cm-h-X. Pm_n (d) ]d-bpp.

D uE f f ] f n f] ^v "
# # ] ^rru

(R dkqen (k)t\msSmw lv sNbvXp. As\ Ggp-t] pthn Hcp HIw, Ggpt]pthn Hcp
]ip Fn- {]-Imcw R _en\In.)

_en \n_--ap--h
1. ln\pw Dwdbv pw Hntm (Jmcn-\ mtbm), Xa- p-C s coXn-b ntem Clv d m- a n {]th- i n- -h v _en
\n_--amWv.
2. lns \n_--Im-cy--f mb Pwd-I Fdn-bpI, aoJm-n shv Clv dm-an {]th-in-pI, Ad-^-bn
kqcym-k v X - a -b w- hsc \nev pI. an\-b nse cm{Xn Xmakw, apkv Z- e n- ^ -b nse cm{Xn Xmakw, hnZm Cs Xhm^v
XpS-n-b-h-bn hXpw hnp-t]m-bm _en \n_- -amWv.

Xpnb hkv{Xw [cn- pI, apSn-I-f-bpI, kpKw D]-tbm-Kn-pI BZn-bm-bh DZm-l-cWw.

4. ld-a n shv sNm ]mSn- m th, sNSn apdn- XpS - nb Imcy- hXpw sNbv X mepw _en
\n_--amhpw.

_en-ar-K-ns \n_--\-I
H- I - s a- n Apw ]ip- s h- n cpw hjhpw BsS- n Bdp am- k hpw {]mb-a m-b - X m- h Ww _en- a rKw.
sNmdn- ] n- S n- Xv , sImv s]mn - b Xv , sNhn- a p- d n- Xv , apS- p- Xv Cs\ AwK- s sh- I - e y kw`- hn- msX
Ip-a--Xm-hWw. Cu KpW--sfms Hm--h-bm-sW-n Ah _env aXn-bm-hp-I-bn.
_en-ar-Ks _en-ar-K-am-sWv Xncn--dn-bm ]mI-n ]q Aev]w apdnv cw Hgp-pI, Igp-n XpI
IjvW wt]mse h Xpw sIn-q- pI XpS- n-bh kp-mWv. Am-l p-h ns Nn- sf ]c-k y-s -S p- pI,
Ahsb BZ-cn-pI Fn-h-bmWv CXn-e-S- nb XXzw.
_en-ar-Ks Xevmew bm{Xbvpw apw D]-tbm-Kn-p-Xp sX. ka-b-am-hp-tm ld-an Fn--W-sap
am{Xw.
buap- - l v d ntem Xiv c o- J ns aqp Znh- k - - f ntem thWw _en- ar- K s Adp- p- Xv . AXv l- d - a ns
]cn-[n-p-n shm-hp-Ibpw thWw. \_n(k) ]dp. Dq^ e] ]eE v o (an\ apgp-h Adp-m-hp
eamWv). lv \nh-ln-p-h an\-bn shpw Dwd- \nh-ln-p--h ah-bn sh-p-amWv Adp-t-Xv.
C-d- -X -{Xbpw lpw Dwd-b p-a mbn _-s _en-b psS Imcy amWv. Fm t\, {]mb-nw, Zm\w
BZn-bmbn h _en-bp-ap- s-n AXv Fhn-sS-shpw Ftmgpw BIm-hp--XmWv.
ap arK--fn\np hyXy-kvX-ambn H-Is CS-XpssI sIn \ndp-n-bmWv Adp-pI. Jp-B ]d-bpp:

Dsv]E $ ] ^` n # ] ] ] ^

(H-Is aqp-Im-en \ndp-nb Ah--bn Adp-p-tm \n Am-lp-hns \maw D-cn-pI)

Pm_n (d) ]d-bpp:

D]eE ^` e ^ o ^ p n ] f] vm ]^ e ^v #
" $ f$] $

(\_n(k)bpw klm- _ n- a mcpw H- I s CS- X p- I m- e p- s In _mn Imep- I - f n \np Ah- - b n- e mWv

Adp-n-cp-Xv)
_en \Ip B Xs Adp- p- -X mWv kpv . As\ sNpn-s- n Adp- p kabw Abm
AhnsS kn-ln-X-\m-h kp-mWv.
Ad-hp-Im-cs Iqen _en-ar-K-n\nv \Im-h-X. AXns amwkhpw tXmep-samw Zm\w sNm-\p--XmWv.
_en-ar-K-ns amwkw _en \In-b-h\v `nmw. ap--hv Zm\w \Ip-Ibpw thWw.

Dsv]E n ] ^f] ] ^` ]

(AXn\nv \n XnpI. Zcn-{Zs\bpw {]bm-k-s-Sp--hs\ bpw `n-np-Ibpw sNpI.)

_en- a r- K - ns amwkw _en- b n- p Bv F{X- s b-S pmw, F{X- Z m\w sNWw F- X p- k w- _ - nv
IrXy-amb Afhv \nW-bn- n-n. AXym-h-iy-n\v th-sX-Spv _mn-Zm\w sNp--XmWv Gw \Xv.

apSn-I-f-bepw apdn-epw

Dnj] v]E

ln\npw Dwd-b n\npw hnc-a n- pXv Xe-a pSn If- p-sIm tm apdn-p-sImtm Bh-W - sav apv
]d-p-htm. Jp-B hgn bmbpw kpv hgn-bmbpw nc-s Hm-WXv. Jp-B ]d-bpp:

Dxj]E ^i m( n ( v n , # ] ^ ] v] r] $ j ( v^e ^m% ] # ]

(Amlp Dt-in-s-n kam-[m-\-Nn--cmbpw t]Sn-m-sXbpw Xe-ap-\w sNbvtXm apSn-sh-n-bhcmtbm \n

akvPn-Zp ldm -an {]th-in-p-sa-p kz]v\w Amlp kXy-ambpw Xs ZqXv bmYmYy-am-n-sm-Spp.)
lZo-Yn C{]-Imcw ImWmw.

m( ] V]^ n ( v] # ] u V^ # ] ^m m( ] V]^ n ( v] # ] u V^ "

# # ] o$ $ f$] $
D ^f] Em( ] V^ # ] ^m m( $ ] V]^ n ( v] # ] u V^ # ] ^m

(Xe apWvU\w sNbvX-hsc Amlp A\p-{K-ln-s Fv \_n (k) {]mYnp. Ah ]dp: Am-lp-hns
ZqXtc, apSn- sh- n-b-h - scbpw? \_n (k) Atmgpw ]dp: Xeap\w sNbvXhsc Am lp A\p-{K-ln-s!
Ah ]dp: Am-lp-hns ZqXtc, apSn-sh-n- b-h-scbpw? \_n (k) ]nsbpw ]dp: Xeap\w sNbvX-hsc
Amlp A\p- { K- l n- s! Ah ]dp: Am- l p- h ns ZqXtc, apSn- s h- n- b - h - s cbpw? \_n ]dp:
apSn-sh-n-b-h-scbpw.)
Xl-p-en\v apSn shn-bmepw aXn Fpw Xe-ap-\w sN-emWv Ghpw D-a-sapw Cu lZoYv hy-am-pp.
Npcp-n-bXv aqp apSn-sb-nepw hnc hep--n shWw. kv{XoI apSn Iqn-n-Snv ap`m-K-t-s-Spv Aw
hnc hep--n shp-I-bmWv thXv. Ah apSn If-bm ]mSn. ln Gs--h apSnshp-Xp ld- an
shv buap- - l v d ntem Xiv c o- J ns Znh- k - - f ntem BhWw. Dwd sNp- - h kAv b n\p tijw ah- b psS
ASp- p- s hpw. Ijn ImcWw apSn- b n- s - n In- s Imv Xe- h - S n- Ww. apSn- I - f - m aoi- s h- epw
\Jw-ap-dn-epw kp-mWv. kv{XoI apSn-sh-p-Xp kw_-nv \_n (k) ]d-bpp:

D]eE nj$] ^(] o ^$ u ^(] o n

(kv{XoI apSn If-b-cpXv. Ah apSn-sh-p-Itb sNmhq.)

Xzhm-^p C^mZV

D^] ]E

buap--lvdn Pwd-p AJ-_-bn Is-dnv apSn-If

- v, _en \Inbtijw sNp Xzhm-^n\v "Xzhm-^p
C^mZ' ^] ] Fp ]d-bpp. CXp lns dpIv\mWv (\n_ LS-Iw) FXv ]WvUn-X-m-cpsS
GI-I-WvTm-`n-{]m-b-amWv. AXp \nh-ln-m-m lv Akm-[p-hm-bn-ocpw. Jp-B ]d-bpp:

Dsv]E nj ] knf ^e ]$ _n

(Ah hnip `h-\s Xzhm^v sNs.)

buap--lvdns Xte cm{Xn ]mXnIgn-m Xzhm-^p C^m-Zbp sS kabw XpSpw. AXhkm\np kabw
\nWnXa. Fm Am-ap--ivco-Jn\v tij-tv \on-sh-pXp D-a-a. Idm-l- pamWv. buap--lvdn
AXv ]I BZy-n-em-hp-XmWv Gw Daw. kv{XoI buap-l
- vdn F{Xbpw thKw AXp \nhln-- emWv
\ X v . B - h - n \ v km [ y - X - b p - s - n h n t i - j n - p w . l v ] q n - b m b p w \ n h l n - p w - h s c
B-h-an-m-Xn-cn-m acpp Ign-m-hp--Xm-Wv.

Xzhm-^p hnZm-Av

D]] ]E

am \nhm-k n- I - f - m lmPn- a m lv \nh-l ntijw a hnSm-s \m- c p- p- t m \nhln- p- -X mWv

hnZm-Cs Xzhm^v. hnS- hm-pI F AY-n hnZm-Cs Xzhm^v Fpw ]ncnpt]m hpI F AY-n
Xzhm^pzZv Fpw CXn\v ]d- b m- d pv . lmPn- a m sNp Ah- k m\ IaamWXv . am- \ n- h m- k nI AXp
\nh-l n-t - -X n. B-h -a p kv{ XoIv AXp \n_- -a n. AsXmcp kpv sFOnIw am{X-a mWv .
AXn-\m AXp sNm-Xn- cp-m {]mb-nw \n_--am-hp-n.
Ia--sfmw Ignv a-hn-Sm-s\m-cp-p-tm-gmWv Xzhm-^p hnZm-Cs kabw. Xzhm-^p hnZm-Av \nh-ln-m
DSs\ a-hn-SWw. Xzhm-^n\ptijw a-hn-Sm sshIn-bm ]nsbpw Xzhm^v sNWw.

thKw Xncn-p-t]m-hpI
lv \nh-ln-m DSs\ Xncnpt]mh-emWv \Xv. \_n (k) ]d-bpp:

D_]]E q $ a o r$ jn r$ u u oF ]

(\n- f n Bcpw lv \nh- l n- m thKw IpSpw- _ - n- t ev aS- s. AXmWv Abmv IqSp- X

{]Xn-^-eml-am-bn-p-Xv.)

XSw t\cn-m
ltm Dwdtbm sNm-\ mbn Clv d m-a n Gs- -t ijw AXp ]qo-I -c n- m ]mhn[w h XS- hpw
t\cn- m BSv, ]ip, HIw Fn-h-bn Hn-s\ _en\IWw. Fhn-sS- sh-mtWm XSw t\cn-Xv AhnsSshv
Adp-m aXn-bmhpw. _en \In apSn-I-f v Ahv Xl-p-emhmw. lv \n_--ap--h-s\-n ASp-sImw AXp \nh-ln-Ww. lv \n_--an-s-n ASp--h jw \nh-ln- \n_--an.

IA-v_sb Bh-c-W-a-Wn-bn-
Ckvem-an\v apt Ad-_n-I IA-_sb Bh-c-W-a-Wn-bn-p-am-bn- cpp. Ckvemapw AXv AwKo-I-cnp. ba-\n
\nan {]tXyI hkv { Xw sImv \_n(k) AXns\ Bh-c -W -a - W n-b np. Dadpw(d) DYv a m\pw (d) AXv XpSp.
DYvam(d) CuPn-]vXn\np sImp-h hkv{X-am Wv AWn-bn-n-cp-Xv. IA-_-bpsS Npa-cp-I-fn kpK--{Z-hy-
Xfn-p-Xpw kp-mWv.
A\o- X n- ] - c hpw A{I- a - ] - c - h p- a mb bmsXmpw IA- _ - b nepw ]cn- k - c pw shv sNm- h - X . \v Ccn
{]Xn-^-ew-t]mse AhnsS Xnv Ccn inbpw e`npw. Jp-B ]d-bpp:

Dsv]E n h] e ^ve n m

(AXn B AXn-{I-a-ambn A\oXn Dt-in-mepw \mw Ah\v thZ-\n-n-p in A\p-`-hn-n-p--XmWv.)

aqv ]n-I
]pWyw Dt-inv bm{X sNm-hp aqv ]n-I-fmWv temI-p- Xv. \_n (k) ]d-bpp:

^nF m r ]a r ] v] r] q^ $$ o $ ^u( ] % i

(aqp ]n-I-fn-tep am{Xta bm{X sNt- -X pq. akv P n-Zp ldmapw Fs Cu ]nbpw CuenbmCse
]-nbpw.)

] v] r] $ ] ^n
r
^ ] v] r]
DuE ] ^n

(Fs ]n-b n shp Hcp \a-k v I mcw ap ]n-I -f nshv Bbncw XhW \a-kv I -c n- p- -X n-s \- m
D-a-amWv. akvPn-Zp ldm-an-sem-gnsI. akvPn-Zp ldm-an shp Hcp \a-kvImcw ap ]n-I-fn shv Hcpew

aZo\
abvptijw Ghpw t{ijvTXbp e-amWv aZo\. Ckvem ans tKm]pcw, Cuam-\ns tKlw, lnP-d-bpsS
\mSv, lem ldm-ap I-fpsS cwK-`qan Fn-s\ \_n(k) aZo-\sb {]iw-kn--Xmbn lZo- Yn hn-pv. \_n (k)
]d-bpp:

D^f]E ^a vq o n$v] i ^ m] o n ^m] $

(kw amf-n-se--t]mse Cuam aZo-\sb A`bw {]m]n pw.)

aZo-\-bn shv ac-W-a-S-bp--Xpt]mepw ]pWy-ap Imcy-am-sW v lZo-Yn {]kvXm-hnp ImWmw. \_n (k)
kzlm-_n-I-tfmSv C{]-Imcw ]d--Xmbn Xz_vdm\n D-cn-pp:

D]f_]E ^n ] m ^ n ]n` k ^` e l^ $ kn m^e lm ^_j]

(\n- f n Bs- nepw aZo- \ - b n ac- W - s - S m km[n- psa- n Ah Ahn- s S- s h- m- h s acn- p- Xv .

Ahn-sS-shv acn-p-hv Rm Ay-\m-fn kmnbpw ip]miI\p-am-bncnpw.)
\_n (k)bpsS t\XrXzn ]qWcq]nep HcnkvemanI kmaqlnIhyh \nehn hXv aZo\bnemWv.
Amlphn \np e`n Znhyt_m[\a\pkcnv PohnXn Fm cwKfnte pamhiyamb inW
\nti \In kXyhnizmknIfpsS Hcp amXrImkaqls \_n(k) hfnsbSpXpw AhnsSbmWv.
aZo- \ - b n sNm BZyw akv P n- Z p- _ - h n- b n cv dIv - A v \akv I - c n- p- Xv kp- m- W v . A\- cw
\_n(k)-bpsS J_vdn-\Sp v sNp-I. Fnv ] ^m n ] Fv ]d-bp-I. ]ns, A_q-_-dn(d)s
J_-dn-\-Spv sNv e^e ^m n ] Fpw sXmSpv Dadn(d)s J_-dn-\-Spv sNv ^m n ] Fpw
]d-bp-I. C{X-bpamWv aZo-\-bn sNm sNtXv.

Dw-d D]E
-k---i-\w F-m-Wv "-Dw-d' F- ]-Z-ns-d A--Yw. I-Av_m k---i-\-am-Wpt-iyw. C-lvdmw, I-Av_sb Xz-hm-^v
sN--, k-^m a--h-I--n-S-bnse k-Avbv, ap-Sn ap-dn-- F-n-h-bm-Wv Dw-d-bpsS dp-Iv\p-I-. A-Xm-b-Xv l-ns
dp-Ip-\p-I-fn- A-d-^-bn- \n--- H-gn-p--h.

{]m-[m-\yw
-Dw-d-bpw l--vt]mse {]m-[m-\y-ap- H-c-\p-jvTm-\-am-Ip-p. A-_q- lpssd-d(-d) D--cn-p-p:

Du ( (^f]E $r] $ ] q n f] s% v] ^` ne ^ ^$ ] o ] V^ "

# $ f$] $

-\-_n (-k) ]-d-p. H-cp Dw-d asm-cp Dw-dhsc kw-`-hn-p- sX-p I-p- {]m-b-n--am-Wv.- Kp-W-]q--W-am-b
l-m-hs A-Xns {]-Xn-^-ew kz--K-am-Ip-p.
-A -m-l p-h ns `-h -\ s B-Z-c n- m-\ pw A-h nsSsb- n A-m-l p hn-\ v C-_ m-Z -v sN- m-\ p-a p- XmXv ] -c y- h pw
A-Xn-\m-bn sN-e-h-gn-p k--pw im-co-cn-I {]-b-Xv\-hp-am-Wv Dw-dsb t{i-jvT -I--a-am-p--Xv.

-\n--_-tam kp-tm?
- w-d \n--h-lnt--Xp-v F- Im-cy-n- X---an-. F-m- A-Xv \n--_--amtWm kp--p am{X-amtWm F-
D
Im- c y- n- ]- n-X - m- - v `n- ho- -W - -f p- v . l- \ -^ o ]- n-X - m- c pw C-a mw am- e n- I pw(- d ) ]-d -b p- - X v A-X v
kp--m-sWs{X. C-amw A-lva-Zpw Xn--an-Zn-bpw D--cn- l-Zo-Ym-Wv A-h-cpsS sX-fn-hv. Pm-_n- (-d) ]-d- bp-p:

a ] ji ( V^ [a f q] ] "
# $ f$] $

(-Dw-d \n--_--amtWm F-v \-_n(-k)tbm-Sv tNm-Zn-p. At-lw ]-d-p: A-; \n-- Dw-d \n--h-ln-p--Xm-Wv
G--hpw t{i-jvTw.)
-F-m- im-^n-Cu ]-n-X-m-cpw A-lva-Zp-_v\p lw-_-epw (-d) ]-d-bp--Xv A-Xv \n--_--amsW-m-Wv.

DMURVf]E $ ] s$ v] ]% i

(-A-m-lp-hn-\v th-n l-pw Dw-d-bpw ]q--n-bm-p-hn- F- B-b-m-Wv A-h-cpsS sX-fn-hv.

-k - a - b w
-l-n-\p--Xpt]mse Dw-d-v \n-n-X k-a-b-an-. G-Xp-Im-e-pw A-Xv \n- -h-ln-m-hp--Xm-Wv. F-m- d-a-Zm-
am-k-n- A-Xn-\v {]m-[m-\yw Iq-Spw. C-_v\p A-m-kv (-d)-]-d-bp-p:

Dq^ e] uE r$ u i ^ V^ "
# $ f$] $

- -_n (-k) ]-d-p. d-a-Zm-\n- \n--h-ln-p- Dw-d l-n-\v Xp-ey- am-Wv.)

\
-l-v am-k--fn- Dw-d \n--h-ln-p-IqsS-m-bn-cp-p Pm-ln-en-m A-d-_n-I-fpsS hn-izm-kw. C-kvemw A-Xp Xn-cp-n.
l-pam-k--fn- Dw-dbpw \n--h-ln-m- C-kvemw A-\p-h-Zn-p. B \n-b-a-n-\v A-y \mhsc am--an-.

-B - h - - -\ w
-Dw-d B-h--n-p--Xv \--XmsW-v ap-I-fn- sIm-Sp- C_v\p Amkns l-Zo-Yn-\n-v {K-ln-mw.

D--cn-s-n-p- v. A-_vZp-m- ln-_v\p D-a- (-d) h--j-n- c-pX-h-W Dw-d \n--h-ln--Xm-bpw Im-Wmw. `q-cn-]-w
]-n-X-m-cpw A-s\ B-h--n-p--Xn-\v A-\p-Iq-e-am-Wv.
tem-I -ns ]-e-` m-K - -fn-epw ap-kv e nw-I- Zm-c n{Zy-m- t-in-p tm- km- - n-I ti-jn-bp--h - Ahsc
klmbnpXn\p ]Icw X--fpsS [-\w ho-pw ho-pw Dw-d sN-m- th-n sN-e-h-gn-p--Xv A-`n-Im-ay-as-v
B-[p-\n-IIm-es {]-ap-J ]-n-X-m- A-`n{]m-b s-n-p-v.

-\n--h-l-W-co-Xn
ao-Jm-v:
- C - l v d m- a n- {]th- i n- p- - X n- \ v \n- - b n- n- p- ao- J m- p- I - - v ]p- d - p\n- v h- c p- - h s\- n- Dw- d
\n- - h - l n- p- - b m- k- - c n- p- am- - K - nse ao- J m- n- \n- v th- W w C- l v d m- a n- {]thin- p- - X v .
ao-Jmn-\p-n-ep--h-- v l-d-a ns ]p-d-v F-hnsSshpw C-lvd m an- {]th-in-mw. B-b n-i (-d) Dw-d sN-m-
Xm-Xv]-cyw {]-I-Sn-n- tm- \-_n(-k) A-htcm-Sv X-C
- u-an- sN-v C-ldv m-an- {]th-in-m- \n-t-in--Xm-Wv sX-fn-hv. Dw-d
\n--h-lnt--Xns co-Xn Xmsg ]-d-bp-p.
1. C-lvdmw:
ln-s\t]mse Dw-dbv-pw C-lvdmw \n--_--am-Wv. l-n-\v C-lvdmw sN-p- co-Xn-bn- Xs-bm-Wv Dw-d-pw
h-kv{X-a-Wntb--Xv. l-n-\v C-lvdmw sN-bvXm- \n-jn---am-Ip- {]-hr-n-Isf-mw Dw-d-v C-lvdmw sN-p-tXmsS-bpw
\n-jn--am-Ipw.
2. Xz-hm-^v:
I- A v _ sb G- g p {]m- h - i yw h- e - b w sh- p- I - b m- W v Dw- d - b psS c- m- a s L- S - I w. Xz- h m- ^ ns cq- ] w ap- v
hn-i-Zo-I-cn-n-p-v.
3. k-Avbv:
X- h m-^ n- \ pti-jw k-Avbv sN--Ww. k-^m a-h
- m Ip-p-I-
- n-Sb
- n- \- S - p- - X n- \ m- W v k-A v b v F- v ]- d -b p- - X v .
k- ^ - b n- \n- v Xp- S - n a- - h - b n- A- h - k m- \ n- p- - X m- W v H- c p k- A v b v . a- - h - b n- \n- v Xp- S - n k- ^ - b n-
A-h-km-\n-p--Xv c-m-as k-Avbv. C-s\ G-gp {]m-h- iy-am-Wv k-Avbv sNt--Xv
-X-hm-^n-\pti-jw a-Jm-ap C-_vdm-lo-an-\-Sp-psh-v c-v d-IvA-v kp--v \-a-kvIcn-p-I-bpw A-\--cw kw-kw
sh-w Ip-Sn-p-I-bpw sN-bvX ti-j-am-Wv k-Avbv \n--h-lnt--Xv
4. ap-Sn-ap-dn--
k- A v b n- \ v ti- j w X- e - a p- S n I- f - b p- I tbm sh- p- I tbm sN- - W w. Dw- d bpsS \m- e m- a s L- S - I - a m- W - X v .
ap-Snsb-Sp-p-tXmsS Dw-d-bn-\n-v hn-c-an-p-p.-