2.

Present Perfect (Part 1 of 2 - Exercises with part 2)

FORM Present Perfect
[HAS / HAVE] + [past participle]
EXAP!ES"
# $ ha%e see& that 'o%ie 'a&( ti'es)
# $ ha%e &e%er see& that 'o%ie)
*+,E" -he& (o. are .si&/ a %er0 te&se with 'ore tha& o&e part s.ch as
Prese&t Perfect (ha%e see&)1 a2%er0s .s.all( co'e 0etwee& the first
part a&2 the seco&2 part (ha%e &e%er see&))
USE 1 Unspecified Time Before Now
-e .se the Prese&t Perfect to sa( that a& actio& happe&e2 at a&
.&specifie2 ti'e 0efore &ow) ,he exact ti'e is &ot i'porta&t) 3o.
4A**+, .se the Prese&t Perfect with ti'e expressio&s s.ch as
5(ester2a(15 5o&e (ear a/o15 5last wee615 5whe& $ was a chli215 5whe&
$ li%e2 i& 7apa&15 5at that 'o'e&t15 5that 2a(5 or 5o&e 2a()5 -e 4A*
.se the Prese&t Perfect with expressio&s li6e 5e%er15 5&e%er15
5o&ce15 5'a&( ti'es15 5se%eral ti'es15 50efore15 5so far15 5alrea2(5
a&2 5(et)5
EXAP!ES"
# $ ha%e see& that 'o%ie twe&t( ti'es)
# $ thi&6 $ ha%e 'et hi' o&ce 0efore)
# ,here ha%e 0ee& 'a&( earth8.a6es i& 4alifor&ia)
# Has there e%er 0ee& a war i& the 9&ite2 States:
# 3es1 there has 0ee& a war i& the 9&ite2 States)
# People ha%e tra%ele2 to the 'oo&)
$P+;,A*, How 2o (o. act.all( .se the Prese&t Perfect:
,he co&cept of 5.&specifie2 ti'e5 ca& 0e %er( co&f.si&/ to E&/lish
lear&ers) $t is 0est to associate Prese&t Perfect with the followi&/
topics"
TOPIC 1 Experience
3o. ca& .se the Prese&t Perfect to 2escri0e (o.r experie&ce) $t is
li6e sa(i&/1 5$ ha%e the experie&ce of)))5 3o. ca& also .se this
te&se to sa( that (o. ha%e &e%er ha2 a certai& experie&ce) ,he
Prese&t Perfect is *+, .se2 to 2escri0e a specific e%e&t)
EXAP!ES"
# $ ha%e 0ee& to <ra&ce)
# (,his se&te&ce 'ea&s that (o. ha%e the experie&ce of 0ei&/ to
<ra&ce) a(0e (o. ha%e 0ee& o&ce1 or se%eral ti'es))
# $ ha%e 0ee& to <ra&ce three ti'es) (3o. ca& a22 the &.'0er of ti'es
at the e&2 of the se&te&ce))
# $ ha%e &e%er 0ee& to <ra&ce)(,his se&te&ce 'ea&s that (o. ha%e &ot
ha2 the experie&ce of /oi&/ to <ra&ce))
# $ thi&6 $ ha%e see& that 'o%ie 0efore)
# He has &e%er tra%ele2 0( trai&)
# 7oa& has st.2ie2 two forei/& la&/.a/es)
# Ha%e (o. e%er 'et hi':
# *o1 $ ha%e &ot 'et hi')
TOPIC 2 C!n"e O#er Time
-e ofte& .se the Prese&t Perfect to tal6 a0o.t cha&/e that has
happe&e2 o%er a perio2 of ti'e)
EXAP!ES"
# 3o. ha%e /row& si&ce the last ti'e $ saw (o.)
# ,he /o%er&'e&t has 0eco'e 'ore i&tereste2 i& arts e2.catio&)
# 7apa&ese has 0eco'e o&e of the 'ost pop.lar co.rses at the
.&i%ersit( si&ce the Asia& st.2ies pro/ra' was esta0lishe2)
# ( E&/lish has reall( i'pro%e2 si&ce $ 'o%e2 to A.stralia)
TOPIC $ %ccomp&isments
-e ofte& .se the Prese&t Perfect to list the acco'plish'e&ts of
i&2i%i2.als a&2 h.'a&it() 3o. ca&&ot 'e&tio& a specific ti'e)
EXAP!ES"
# a& has wal6e2 o& the 'oo&)
# +.r so& has lear&e2 how to rea2)
# =octors ha%e c.re2 'a&( 2ea2l( 2iseases)
# Scie&tists ha%e split the ato')
TOPIC ' %n Uncomp&eted %ction (o) %re Expectin"
-e ofte& .se the Prese&t Perfect to sa( that a& actio& which we
expecte2 has &ot happe&e2) 9si&/ the Prese&t Perfect s.//ests that we
are still waiti&/ for the actio&)
EXAP!ES"
# 7a'es has &ot fi&ishe2 his ho'ewor6 (et)
# S.sa& has&>t 'astere2 7apa&ese1 0.t she ca& co''.&icate)
# ?ill has still &ot arri%e2)
# ,he rai& has&>t stoppe2)