Chapter 5 Torque and Rotational Equilibrium Physics, 6

th
Edition
Chapter 5. Torque and Rotational Equilibrium
Unit Conversions
5-1. Dra and label the moment arm o! the !orce " about an a#is at point $ in "i%. 5-11a. &hat
is the ma%nitude o! the moment arm'
Moment arms are drawn perpendicular to action line:
r
$
( )* !t+ sin *5
,
r
$
( ,.-.5 !t
5-*. "ind the moment arm about a#is / in "i%. 11a. )See figure above.+
r
/
( )0 !t+ sin *5
,
r
/
( 1.*1 !t
5-0. Determine the moment arm i! the a#is o! rotation is at point $ in "i%. 5-11b. &hat is the
ma%nitude o! the moment arm'
r
/
( )* m+ sin 6,
,
r
/
( 1.10 m
5-.. "ind the moment arm about a#is / in "i%. 5-11b.
r
/
( )5 m+ sin 0,
,
r
/
( *.5, m
Torque
5-5. 2! the !orce " in "i%. 5-11a is equal to -, lb, hat is the resultant torque about a#is $
ne%lectin% the ei%ht o! the rod. &hat is the resultant torque about a#is /'
Counterclockwise torques are positive, so that
$
is - and
/
is 3.
)a+
$
( )-, lb+),.-.5 !t+ ( -61.6 lb !t )b+
/
( )-, lb+)1.*1 !t+ ( 31,1 lb !t
5-6. The !orce " in "i%. 5-11b is .,, 4 and the an%le iron is o! ne%li%ible ei%ht. &hat is the
resultant torque about a#is $ and about a#is /'
Counterclockwise torques are positive, so that
$
is 3 and
/
is -.
)a+
$
( ).,, 4+)1.10* m+ ( 3650 4 m6 )b+
/
( ).,, 4+)*.5, m+ ( -1,,, 4 m
06
0 !t
* !t
r
/
/
$
*5
,
F
r
$
*5
,
* m
5 m
r
/ r
$
6,
,
/
0,
,
$
F
Chapter 5 Torque and Rotational Equilibrium Physics, 6
th
Edition
5-1. $ leather belt is rapped around a pulley *, cm in diameter. $ !orce o! 6, 4 is applied to
the belt. &hat is the torque at the center o! the sha!t'
r ( 7D ( 1, cm6 ( )6, 4+),.1, m+ ( 36.,, 4 m
5--. The li%ht rod in "i%. 5-1* is 6, cm lon% and pi8oted about point $. "ind the ma%nitude and
si%n o! the torque due to the *,, 4 !orce i! is )a+ 5,
,
, )b+ 6,
,
, )c+ 0,
,
, and )d+ ,
,
.
( )*,, 4+ ),.6, m+ sin !or all an%les9
)a+ ( 1*, 4 m )b+ ( 1,. 4 m
)b+ ( 6, 4 m )d+ ( ,
5-5. $ person ho ei%hs 65, 4 rides a bicycle. The pedals mo8e in a circle o! radius ., cm. 2!
the entire ei%ht acts on each donard mo8in% pedal, hat is the ma#imum torque'
( )*5, 4+),.., m+ ( *6, 4 m
5-1,. $ sin%le belt is rapped around to pulleys. The dri8e pulley has a diameter o! 1, cm,
and the output pulley has a diameter o! *, cm. 2! the top belt tension is essentially 5, 4 at
the ed%e o! each pulley, hat are the input and output torques'
2nput torque ( )5, 4+),.1, m+ ( 5 4 m
:utput torque ( )5, 4+),.*, m+ ( 1, 4 m
Resultant Torque
5-11. &hat is the resultant torque about point $ in "i%. 5-10. 4e%lect ei%ht o! bar.
( 3)0, 4+)6 m+ - )15 4+)* m+ - )*, 4+)0 m+
( 5,., 4 m, Countercloc;ise.
01
"
$
*,, 4
r

6, cm

0, 4
* m
15 4
*, 4
$
. m 0 m
Chapter 5 Torque and Rotational Equilibrium Physics, 6
th
Edition
5-1*. "ind the resultant torque in "i%. 5-10, i! the a#is is mo8ed to the le!t end o! the bar.
( 3)0, 4+),+ 3 )15 4+). m+ - )*, 4+)5 m+
( -1*, 4 m, countercloc;ise.
5-10. &hat hori<ontal !orce must be e#erted at point $ in "i% 5-11b to ma;e the resultant torque
about point / equal to <ero hen the !orce " ( -, 4'
( P )* m+ = )-, 4+)5 m+ )sin 0,
,
+ ( ,
* P ( *,, 46 P ( 1,, 4
5-1.. To heels o! diameters 6, cm and *, cm are !astened to%ether and turn on the same a#is
as in "i%. 5-1.. &hat is the resultant torque about a central a#is !or the shon ei%hts'
r
1
( 7)6, cm+ ( ,.0, m 6 r
*
( 7)0, cm+ ( ,.15 m
( )*,, 4+),.0, m+ = )15, 4+),.15 m+ ( 01.5 4 m6 ( 01.5 4 m, cc
5-15. >uppose you remo8e the 15,-4 ei%ht !rom the small heel in "i%. 5-1.. &hat ne
ei%ht can you han% to produce <ero resultant torque'
( )*,, 4+),.0, m+ = & ),.15 m+ ( ,6 & ( .,, 4
5-16. Determine the resultant torque about the corner $ !or "i%. 5-15.
( 3)16, 4+),.6, m+ sin .,
,
- )-, 4+),.*, m+
( 61.1 4 m = 16., 4 m ( .5.1 4 m

R
( .5.1 4 m
5-11. "ind the resultant torque about point C in "i%. 5-15.
( - )-, 4+),.*, m+ ( -16 4 m
0-
0, 4
* m
15 4
*, 4
$ . m 0 m
* m
5 m
r
/
/
0,
,
P
" ( -, 4

?@ __
?
?
?@ qco
?@co
x
?
?
A?@_
C
-, 4
.,
,
*, cm
6, cm
r
16, 4
Chapter 5 Torque and Rotational Equilibrium Physics, 6
th
Edition
B5-1-. "ind the resultant torque about a#is / in "i%. 5-15.
F
x
= 16, cos .,
,
6 F
y
( 16, sin .,
,
( = )1*0 4+),.* m+ 3 )1,0 4+),.6 m+ ( 01.* 4 m
Equilibrium
5-15. $ uni!orm meter stic; is balanced at its midpoint ith a sin%le support. $ 6,-4 ei%ht is
suspended at the 0, cm mar;. $t hat point must a .,-4 ei%ht be hun% to balance the
system' !he "#$4 weight is %# cm from the axis&
( ,6 )6, 4+)*, cm+ = )., 4+x ( ,
., x ( 1*,, 4 cm or x ( 0, cm9 !he weight must be hung at the '#$cm mark(
5-*,. &ei%hts o! 1, 4, *, 4, and 0, 4 are placed on a meterstic; at the *, cm, ., cm, and 6,
cm mar;s, respecti8ely. The meterstic; is balanced by a sin%le support at its midpoint. $t
hat point may a 5-4 ei%ht be attached to produce equilibrium.
( )1, 4+)0, cm+ 3 )*, 4+)1, cm+
= )0, 4+)1, cm+ = )5 4+ x = #
5 x ( )0,, 3 *,, =0,,+ or x ( ., cm
!he )$4 weight must be placed at the *#$cm mark
5-*1. $n --m board o! ne%li%ible ei%ht is supported at a point * m !rom the ri%ht end here a
5,-4 ei%ht is attached. &hat donard !orce at the must be e#erted at the le!t end to
produce equilibrium'
= 0: " )6 m+ = )5, 4+)* m+ ( ,
6 " ( 1,, 4 m or " ( 16.1 4
05
"
#
"
y
/
-, 4
.,
,
*, cm
6, cm
16, 4
*, cm
x
., 4
6, 4
1, cm
0, cm
1, 4 *, 4
x
5 4 0, 4
5, 4
F
6 m * m
Chapter 5 Torque and Rotational Equilibrium Physics, 6
th
Edition
5-**. $ .-m pole is supported at each end by hunters carryin% an -,,-4 deer hich is hun% at a
point 1.5 m !rom the le!t end. &hat are the upard !orces required by each hunter'
( $ ),+ = )-,, 4+)1.5 m+ 3 / ).., m+ ( ,
./ ( 1*,, 4 or / ( 0,, 4
"
y
( $ 3 / = -,, lb ( ,6 $ ( 5,, 4
5-*0. $ssume that the bar in "i%. 5-16 is o! ne%li%ible ei%ht. "ind the !orces " and $ pro8ided
the system is in equilibrium.
( )-, 4+)1.*, m+ = " ),.5, m+ ( ,6 " ( 1,1 4
"
y
( " = $ = -, 4 ( ,6 $ ( 1,1 4 = -, 4 ( *6.1 4
" ( 1,1 4, $ ( *6.1 4
5-*.. "or equilibrium, hat are the !orces "
1
and "
*
in "i%. 5-11. )4e%lect ei%ht o! bar.+
( )5, lb+)5 !t+ = "
*
). !t+ = )*, lb+)5 !t+ ( ,6
"
*
( -1.5 lb "
y
( "
1
= "
*
= *, lb = 5, lb ( ,
"
1
( "
*
311, lb ( -1.5 lb 3 11, lb, "
1
( 15- lb
5-*5. Consider the li%ht bar supported as shon in "i%. 5-1-. &hat are the !orces e#erted by the
supports $ and /'

( / )11 m+ = )6, 4+)0 m+ = )., 4+) 5 m+ ( ,6

/

( .5.1 4 "
y
( $ 3 / = ., 4 = 6, 4 ( ,
$

( 1,, 4 = / ( 1,, 4 = .5.1 46 / ( 5,.5 4
.,
-,, 4
/
$
*.5 m 1.5 m
$#is
-, 4
F
$
5, cm 0, cm
$#is
*, lb
F
2
5 !t
$#is
1 !t
5, lb
F
1
. !t
B
0 m
$#is
., 4
* m
6, 4
A
6 m
Chapter 5 Torque and Rotational Equilibrium Physics, 6
th
Edition
5-*6. $ C-belt is rapped around a pulley 16 in. in diameter. 2! a resultant torque o! . lb !t is
required, hat !orce must be applied alon% the belt'
R ( 7)16 in.+ ( - in. R ( )-D1* !t+ ( ,.661 !t
= " ),.661 !t+ ( . lb !t6 " ( 6.,, lb
5-*1. $ brid%e hose total ei%ht is .5,, 4 is *, m lon% and supported at each end. "ind the
!orces e#erted at each end hen a 16,,-4 tractor is located - m !rom the le!t end.

( / )*, m+ = )16,, 4+)- m+ = ).5,, 4+) 1, m+ ( ,6

/

( *-5, 4 "
y
( $ 3 / = 16,, 4 = .5,, 4 ( ,
$

( 61,, 4 = / ( 61,, 4 = *-5, 46 / ( 0*1, 4
5-*-. $ 1,-!t plat!orm ei%hin% ., lb is supported at each end by stepladders. $ 1-,-lb painter
is located . !t !rom the ri%ht end. "ind the !orces e#erted by the supports.

( /)1, !t+ = )., lb+)5 !t+ = )1-, lb+) 6 !t+ ( ,6

/

( 1*- lb "
y
( $ 3 / = ., lb = 1-, lb ( ,
$

( **, lb = / ( **, lb = 1*- lb6 $ ( 5*., lb
B5-*5. $ hori<ontal, 6-m boom ei%hin% .,, 4 is hin%ed at the all as shon in "i%. 5-15. $
cable is attached at a point ..5 m aay !rom the all, and a 1*,,-4 ei%ht is attached to
the ri%ht end. &hat is the tension in the cable'
( 5,
,
= 01
,
( 50
,
6 T
y
( T sin 50
,

( )T sin 50
,
+)..5 m+ = ).,, 4+)0 m+ = )1*,, 4+)6 m+ ( ,6
0.55 T ( 1*,, 4 3 1*,, 46 T ( *0., 4
B5-0,. &hat are the hori<ontal and 8ertical components o! the !orce e#erted by the all on the
boom' &hat is the ma%nitude and direction o! this !orce'
.1
F
B
1, m
$#is
.5,, 4
* m
16,, 4
A
- m
B
. !t
$#is
1-, lb
1 !t
., lb
A
5 !t
1.5 m

T
y
T
y
B
1.5 m
$#is
1*,, 4
.,, 4
!
0 m
Chapter 5 Torque and Rotational Equilibrium Physics, 6
th
Edition
"
#
( E = T
#
( ,6 E = T cos 50
,
( ,6 E ( )*0., 4+ cos 50
,
6 E ( 1.,- 4
"
y
( C 3 T sin 50
,
= .,, 4 = 1*,, 4 ( ,6 C ( 16,, 4 = )*0., 4+ sin 50
,
( -*65 4
!hus, the components are9 E ( 1.,- 4 and C ( -*65 4. !he resultant of these is:
+ , - = + =
* *
1.0. 46 tan (
-*65
1.,-
(1,.- > o! E
,
R ( 1.0. 4, 0.5.*
,
Center o" #ravit$
5-01. $ uni!orm 6-m bar has a len%th o! 6 m and ei%hs 0, 4. $ 5,-4 ei%ht is hun% !rom the
le!t end and a *,-4 !orce is hun% at the ri%ht end. Eo !ar !rom the le!t end ill a sin%le
upard !orce produce equilibrium'
"
y
( " = 5, 4 = 0, 4 = *, 4 ( ,6 " ( 1,, 4
( " x = )0, 4+)0 m+ = )*, 4+)6 m+ ( ,
)1,, 4+ x ( *1, 4 m6 x ( *.1, m
5-0*. $ .,-4 sphere and a 1*-4 sphere are connected by a li%ht rod *,, mm in len%th. Eo !ar
!rom the middle o! the .,-4 sphere is the center o! %ra8ity'
"
y
( " = ., 4 = 1* 4 ( ,6 " ( 5* 4
( " x = )., 4+),+ = )1* 4+),.*, m+ ( ,
)5* 4+ x ( *.., 4 m6 x ( ,.,.6* m or x = .6.* mm
5-00. &ei%hts o! *, 5, -, and 1, 4 are hun% !rom a 1,-m li%ht rod at distances o! *, ., 6, and - m
!rom the le!t end. Eo !ar !rom the le!t in is the center o! %ra8ity'
"
y
( " = 1, 4 = - 4 = 5 4 = * 4 ( ,6 " ( *5 4
"x = )* 4+)* m+ = )5 4+). m+ = )- 4+)6 m+ = )1, 4+)- m+ ( ,
)*5 4+ x ( 15* 4 m6 x ( 6.,- m
.*
$#is
F
*, 4
0, 4
5, 4
x
0 m 0 m
F
1* 4
., 4
*,, mm
x
1, 4 5 4 - 4 * 4
* m
* m * m
* m
* m
x
F
Chapter 5 Torque and Rotational Equilibrium Physics, 6
th
Edition
5-0.. Compute the center o! %ra8ity o! sled%ehammer i! the metal head ei%hs 1* lb and the 0*-
in. supportin% handle ei%hs * lb. $ssume that the handle is o! uni!orm construction and
ei%ht.
"
y
( " = * lb = 1* lb ( ,6 " ( 1. lb
"x = )1* lb+),+ = )* lb+)16 in.+ ( ,6 Fx ( 0* lb in.
)1. lb+ x ( 0* lb in.6 x ( *.*5 in. !rom head.
Challen%e Problems
5-05. &hat is the resultant torque about the hin%e in "i%. .-*,' 4e%lect ei%ht o! the cur8ed bar.
( )-, 4+),.6 m+ = )*,, 4+),.. m+ sin .,
,

( .-., 4 m = 51.. 4 m6 ( = 0..* 4 m
5-06. &hat hori<ontal !orce applied to the le!t end o! the
bar in "i%. .-*, ill produce rotational equilibrium'
From .rob( )$//: ( - 0..* 4 m.
!hus, if ( ,, then torque of 30..* 4 m must be added.
" ),.6 m+ cos .,
,
( 30..5 4 m6 " ( 1..5 4
5-01. &ei%hts o! 1,,, *,,, and 5,, lb are placed on a li%ht board restin% on to supports as
shon in "i%. .-*1. &hat are the !orces e#erted by the supports'
( )1,, lb+). !t+ 3 /)16 !t+
= )*,, lb+)6 !t+ = )5,, lb+)1* !t+ ( ,6 / ( .*5 lb
"
y
( $ 3 / = 1,, lb = *,, lb = 5,, lb ( ,
$ ( -,, lb = / ( -,, lb = .*5 lb6 $ ( 015 lb
.0
.,
,
5,
,
F
F
16 in.
16 in.
x
* lb 1* lb
*,, 4
6, cm
., cm
r
.,
,
.,
,
-, 4
*,, 4
6, cm
., cm
r
.,
,
-, 4
$#is
1,, lb *,, lb 5,, lb
$ /
6 !t 6 !t . !t . !t
Chapter 5 Torque and Rotational Equilibrium Physics, 6
th
Edition
!he forces exerted by the supports are 9 $ ( 015 4 and / ( .*5 4
5-0-. $n --m steel metal beam ei%hs *.,, 4 and is supported 0 m !rom the ri%ht end. 2! a
5,,,-4 ei%ht is placed on the ri%ht end, hat !orce must be e#erted at the le!t end to
balance the system'

( $ )5 m+ 3 )*.,, 4+)1 m+ = )5,,, 4+) 0 m+ ( ,6

$

( .5*, 4 "
y
( $ 3 / = *.,, 4 = 5,,, 4 ( ,
/

( 11,.,, 4 = $ ( 11,.,, 4 = .5*, 46 $ ( 6.-, 4
B5-05. "ind the resultant torque about point $ in "i%. 5-**.
( )1, 4+),.,5 m+ sin 5,
,
= )5, 4+),.16 m+ sin 55
,
( *.6- 4 m = 6.55 4 m ( =0.-1 4 m
( =0.-1 4 m
B5-.,. "ind the resultant torque about point / in "i%. 5-**.
( )1, 4+),+ = )5, 4+)a 0 b+ 6 First find a and b(
a ( ),.,5 m+ cos 5,
,
( ,.,*01 m6 b ( ),.16 m+ sin 55
,
( ,.101 m
( = )5, 4+),.,*01 m 3 ,.101 m+ ( =-.16 4 m
( =-.16 4 m
Criti&al Thin'in% (uestions
B5-.1. $ 0,-lb bo# and a 5,-lb bo# are on opposite ends o! a 16-!t board supported only at its
midpoint. Eo !ar !rom the le!t end should a .,-lb bo# be placed to produce equilibrium'
&ould the result be di!!erent i! the board ei%hed 5, lb' &hy, or hy not'
..
A
5,,, 4
F
. m 0 m
1 m
*.,, 4
b
a
1, 4
5, 4
/
5 cm
16 cm
5,
,
55
,
r
r
1, 4
5, 4
/
5 cm
$
16 cm
5,
,
55
,
x
F
)
., lb
- !t
- !t
5, lb 0, lb
Chapter 5 Torque and Rotational Equilibrium Physics, 6
th
Edition
( )0, lb+)- !t+ 3 )., lb+)#+ = )5, lb+)- !t+ ( ,6
x

( ..,, !t 1ote that the weight acting at the center
of the board does 12! contribute to torque about
the center, and therefore, the balance point is not affected, regardless of the weight(
5-.*. :n a lab bench you ha8e a small roc;, a .-4 meterstic; and a sin%le ;ni!e-ed%e support.
E#plain ho you can use these three items to !ind the ei%ht o! the small roc;.
Measure distances a and b3 determine F and then
calculate the weight 4 from equilibrium methods(
B5-.0. "ind the !orces "
1
, "
*
, and "
0
such that the system dran in "i%. 5-*0 is in equilibrium.
1ote action$reaction forces + and +5(
First, lets work with top board:
)about R+ ( ,6 Force R is upward.

R
( )0,, lb+)6 !t+ = )5, lb+)* !t+ = "
1
)- !t+ ( ,
"
1
( *10 lb 1ow, F
y
= # gives9 *10 lb 3 R =0,, lb = 5, lb ( ,6 R ( 10- lb ( RF
1ext we sum torques about F
%
with +5 = 6/' lb is directed in a downward direction:

"
( )10- lb+)0 !t+ 3 "
0
)1 !t+ = )*,, lb+)5 !t+ ( ,6 From which9 "
0
( -0.5 lb
F
y
= # = "
*
3 -0.5 lb = 10- lb = *,, lb6 "
*
( =*5. lb
!he three unknown forces are: "
1
( *10 lb, "
*
( =*5. lb, "
0
( -0.5 lb
B5-... )a+ &hat ei%ht & ill produce a tension o! .,, 4 in the rope attached to the boom in
"i%. 5-*.'. )b+ &hat ould be the tension in the rope i! & ( .,, 4' 4e%lect the ei%ht
o! the boom in each case.
.5
,.5 m
F
. 4
&
b a
5, lb
* !t
5 !t
* !t
6 !t
0 !t * !t
0,, lb
*,, lb
"
0 "
*
"
1
RF
F
R
$#is
0,
,
. m
* m
.,, 4
&
0,
,
Chapter 5 Torque and Rotational Equilibrium Physics, 6
th
Edition
)a+ = (400 )(4 m+ sin 0,,+ = & )6 m+ cos 0,
,
( ,
& ( 15. 4
)b+ ( T). m+ sin 0,
,
= ).,, 4+)6 m+ cos 0,
,
( ,
T ( 6,, 4
B5-.5. >uppose the boom in "i%. 5-*. has a ei%ht o! 1,, 4 and the suspended ei%ht & is
equal to .,, 4. &hat is the tension in the cord'
= (4 m+ sin 0,,+ = ).,, 4+)6 m+ cos 0,
,

= )1,, 4+)0 m+ cos 0,
,
( ,
T ( 1165 4
B5-.6. "or the conditions set in Problem 5-5, hat are the hori<ontal and 8ertical components
o! the !orce e#erted by the !loor hin%e on the base o! the boom'
"
#
( E = 1165 4 ( ,6 or E ( 1165 4
"
y
( C = 1,, 4 = .,, 4 ( ,6 or C ( 5,, 4
E ( 1165 4 and C ( 5,, 4
BB5-.1. &hat is the tension in the cable !or "i%. 5-*5. The ei%ht o! the boom is 0,, 4 but its
len%th is un;non. )Select axis at wall, 7 cancels(&
= = !7 1
7
7 sin ) + sin sin 15 0,,
*
0, 5.6 0, ,
, , ,

T sin 15
,
( 15., 4 3 *10 46 T ( 06, 4
BB5-.-. &hat are the ma%nitude and direction o! the !orce e#erted by
the all on the boom in "i%. 5-*5' $%ain assume that the ei%ht o! the board is 0,, 4.
+efer to the figure and data given in .roblem )$8 and recall that ! = 06, 4.
.6
1,, 4 $#is
0,
,
. m
* m
T
&
0,
,
!

1,, 4
$#is
0,
,
. m
* m
1165 4
.,, 4
0,
,
6,
,
0,
,
.5
,
T ( 06, 4
T

5.6 4
G
r
15
,
0,, 4
.5
,
0,
,
!
Chapter 5 Torque and Rotational Equilibrium Physics, 6
th
Edition
"
#
( E - )06, 4+ cos .5
,
( ,6 E ( *55 4
"
y
( C 3 )06, 4+ sin .5
,
= 0,, 4 = 5.6 4 ( ,6 C ( 551 4
E ( *55 4 and C ( 551 4
B5-.5. $n car has a distance o! 0.. m beteen !ront and rear a#les. 2! 6, percent o! the ei%ht
rests on the !ront heels, ho !ar is the center o! %ra8ity located !rom the !ront a#le'
( ,.6&),+ 3 ,..&)0.. m+ = F x ( ,
/ut " ( &9 1.06 & = & x ( ,
x ( 1.06 m from front axle
.1
,..&
x
"
,.6&
0.. m
$#is