Ch 18 & 19 Acids and Bases

Strong, Weak and Concentrated

Definitions
Strong: completely dissociated into ions

Weak: Only slightly dissociated into ions



Definitions
Concentrated: A high number of moles of
solute per liter of solution

Dilute: A low number of moles of solute
per liter of solution

* An acid/base can be strong and dilute or
weak and concentrated, etc

Strong & Weak Acids/Bases
Strong Acids: HCl, HNO
3
, H
2
SO
4
, HBr, HI, HClO
4

Weak Acids: all others
(ex:HF, CH
3
COOH, H
3
PO
4
, H
2
CO
3
, HCN)

Strong Bases: Group 1 Hydroxides (ex; NaOH) and
lower group 2 hydroxides (ex: Ba(OH)
2
)

Weak Bases: all others (ex: NH
3
)
Distinguishing between Strong and
Weak Acids/Bases
pH measurement of two substances of same
molarity (strong acids/bases dissociate more and
have more extreme pH)
Conductivity measurement of two substances of
same molarity (strong acids/bases have higher
conductivity)
Rate of reaction: strong acids/bases will react
more vigorously and produce more products
Acidic and Basic Salts
Salts dissociate in water
Some of these ions are weak acids or
bases
To predict if acidic or basic salt must look
at the acid and base that forms the salt
Neutral Salt
Formed from a strong acid and strong
base

NaOH + HCl NaCl + H
2
O
strong strong neutral
base acid
Acidic Salt
Formed from strong acid and weak base

NH
3
+ HCl NH
4
Cl
weak strong acidic
base acid
Salt dissociates to form hydronium ions
NH
4
Cl NH
4
+
+ Cl
-
NH
4
+
+ H
2
O H
3
O
+
+ NH
3

Basic Salts
Formed from strong base and weak acid

H
2
CO
3
+ NaOH Na
2
CO
3

weak strong basic
acid base
Salt dissociates to form hydroxide ions
Na
2
CO
3
Na
+
+ CO
3
2-
CO
3
2-
+ H
2
O OH
-
+ HCO
3
-