Tp ch Khoa hc 2011:19b 48-55 Trng i hc Cn Th

48
KHO ST KH NNG HP THU CC ION CU
2+
V PB
2+

CA THAN BN U MINH
L Th Bch
1
v L Thanh Phc
1

ABSTRACT
From native peat samples collected from U Minh peatlands, modified peat samples were
prepared by treating with 5% HCl solution. Their physico-chemical properties and
adsorption abilities for Cu
2+
and Pb
2+
ions were investigated. The results showed that U
Minh peat samples had high humic acid content, low ash content, pH
ZCP
and porosity.
The Cu
2+
and Pb
2+
adsorption capacities of modified peat samples were higher than that
of native ones.
Keywords: peat, adsorption, humic acid, heavy metal ions
Title: Investigation of Cu
2+
and Pb
2+
ions adsorption into U Minh peat
TM TT
T cc mu than bn nguyn khai ca vng U Minh, sau tin hnh x l cc mu than
bn nguyn khai ny bng dung dch HCl 5%. ti tin hnh kho st cc c tnh ha
l v kh nng hp th cc ion kim loi nng Cu
2+
v Pb
2+
ca cc mu than bn nguyn
khai v cc mu than bn c hot ha. Kt qu cho thy rng than bn U Minh c hm
lng humic acid tng i cao, pH
ZCP
v hm lng tro thp. Dung lng hp ph ion
Cu
2+
v Pb
2+
ca cc mu than bn c hot ha cao hn cc mu than bn nguyn
khai.
T kha: than bn, s hp th, humic acid, ion kim loi nng
1 GII THIU
T hn hai thp nin qua, than bn c nghin cu v ng dng nh l tc
nhn hp th cc cht nhim trong nc, chng hn: lm sch cc vt du trn,
loi b cc ion kim loi nng t nc thi, hp th thuc tr su v thuc
nhum, (Tania H. Ribeiro et al., 2003; Irena Twardowska et al., 1966).
c tnh hp th c c l do than bn cha cc hp cht mang cc nhm chc
phn cc nh alcohol, aldehyde, ketone v phenol, c kh nng to lin kt vi
cc cu t b hp th. Thnh phn cc hp cht ny trong than bn ph thuc rt
nhiu vo ngun gc v iu kin to thnh ( tui, bn cht ngun thc vt ban
u, kh hu,) (Recep Gundogan et al., 2004; Zacaria Reddad et al., 2002).
nc ta, than bn c nhiu ni, c s dng ch yu lm cht t, phn hu
c hoc cht kch thch tng trng cho cy. Gn y, kh nng ng dng chng
cho lnh vc x l mi trng c quan tm (V Vn Tn, 2001; Nguyn
Hng Phong, 2000).
ti ny dc thc hin vi mc tiu nh gi cc c tnh ha l v kh nng
hp thu cc ion kim loi nng ca than bn vng U Minh - mt trong nhng vng

1
B mn Ha hc, Khoa Khoa hc T nhin, Trng i hc Cn Th
Tp ch Khoa hc 2011:19b 48-55 Trng i hc Cn Th

49
m than bn quan trng ca c nc, t c th nh hng s dng chng mt
cch hp l trong vic bo v mi trng.
2 PHNG TIN V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU
2.1 Chun b mu
nh gi kh nng hp thu cc ion kim loi nng ca than bn U Minh, 02 loi
mu ca hai vng m U Minh Thng (Kin Giang, KG) v U Minh H (C Mau,
CM) sau y c s dng:
- Mu nguyn khai (NK): u tin, than bn nguyn khai trn c sy kh
50C, sau c nghin v ry to ra cc mu KGNK v CMNK, tng
ng vi ngun gc U Minh Thng v U Minh H, c kch thc ht nh hn
0,5 mm.
- Mu acid ha (AH): Cc mu KGAH v CMAH c to ra tng ng t
hai mu KGNK v CMNK theo cc bc sau:
u tin, loi b t, ct trong cc mu nguyn khai bng phng php tuyn
trong nc ti nhit phng v t l rn/lng = 1/10. Sau , tip tc loi cc tp
cht v c bn trong cc l xp bng cch x l vi dung dch HCl 5%, 90C,
trong 24 gi. Cui cng lc, ra n khi dung dch nc ra c pH khong 7,0 v
sy kh.
2.2 Xc nh cc c tnh ha l ca cc mu
Mt s c tnh tiu biu lin quan n kh nng hp th ca cc mu than bn
nh m, hm lng tro, hm lng humic acid, pH ti thi im ng in
(pH
ZCP
), din tch b mt, th tch v s phn b l xp c xc nh theo cc
phng php quy c

(G.W.Thomas, 1996; M.E. Sumner, 1996; V nh Ng,
1997). Cc c tnh ha l tiu biu ca cc mu than bn nh m, hm hng
humic acid, hm lng tro, pH
ZCP
c tin hnh kho st ti Phng th nghim
Ha l B mn Ha hc Khoa Khoa hc Trng HCT. Din tch b mt v tng
th tch cc l xp c o bng my CHEMBET 3000 ti Vin Cng ngh Ha
hc TPHCM. Hnh SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) ca cc mu than bn
c gi chp bng my hiu JEOL 5500 ti Phng th nghim chuyn su,
Trng i hc Cn Th.
2.3 Kho st kh nng hp thu cc ion Cu
2+
v Pb
2+

u tin, s nh hng ca pH dung dch v thi gian n kh nng hp thu cc
ion kim loi nng (IKN) trn c kho st.
Sau , cc ng cong hp thu ng nhit thc nghim ca cc mu than bn
c xy dng t nhng iu kin xc nh.
Cc th nghim kho st kh nng hp thu cc ion Cu
2+
v Pb
2+
c thc hin
trong mt beaker, t trong b iu nhit. Cho mi th nghim, 1,0 gam than bn
c trn vi 100 ml dung dch Cu
2+
hoc Pb
2+
(c iu ch t cc ha cht tinh
khit CuSO
4
.5H
2
O hoc PbCl
2
v nc ct), 30C, tc khuy khong 200
vng/pht v cc iu kin nh nng IKN, pH dung dch xc nh. Sau thi
Tp ch Khoa hc 2011:19b 48-55 Trng i hc Cn Th

50
gian tip xc cn thit, huyn ph c ly tm loi b phn rn bng thit b
Rotina 35 (Nht) v lc qua phu thy tinh xp G4. Hm lng cc ion Cu
2+
v
Pb
2+
c xc nh bng thit b hp thu nguyn t Polarized Zeeman Atomic
Adsorption Spectrophotometer Z-5000 (Hitachi) nhng bc sng
max
=
324.8nm i vi ion Cu
2+
v
max
= 432nm i vi ion Pb
2+
ti phng th nghim
chuyn su Trng i hc Cn Th.
3 KT QU V THO LUN
3.1 c tnh ha l ca cc mu than bn
Kt qu xc nh cc thng s v c tnh ha l ca cc mu than bn c trnh
by trong Bng 1. Kt qu cho thy than bn U Minh Thng v U Minh H c
cc c tnh ha l tng t nhau v c cht lng kh vi hm lng humic acid
khong 28%, hm lng tro thp (11,35% trong mu KGNK v 13,56% i vi
mu CMNK). Tuy nhin, chng c xp km, th hin qua din tch b mt
ring S
BET
v tng th tch cc l xp meso (D = 2-50 nm) v macro (D > 50 nm)
thp. Cc thng s ny c ci thin hn trong cc mu sau khi x l. Quan st
hnh nh b mt ca cc mu than bn Kin Giang di knh hin vi in t qut
(SEM) vi phng i 1500 ln (Hnh 1) ta thy c s gia tng l xp trong
mu c acid ha (KGAH) so vi mu nguyn khai (KGNK).
Mt kt qu quan trng khc c ghi nhn (Bng 1) l vic x l mu nh trn
lm gim ng k pH
ZCP
ca cc mu (thp hn 2,8 cho c hai mu KGAH v
CMAH) v tng hm lng humic acid, ngha l tng hm lng cc nhm chc -
OH, -COOH,. iu ny c nh hng tch cc n qu trnh hp thu cc IKN.
Bng 1: Mt vi c tnh ha l tiu biu ca cc mu than bn


c tnh
Mu
KGNK KGAH CMNK CMAH
- m (%kl)
- Hm lng humic acid (%kl)
- Hm lng tro (%kl)
- pH
ZCP

- Din tch b mt ring S (m
2
/g)
-
mesopore v macropore
V
(ml/g)
17,35
28,52
11,35
4,21
9,26
0,941
8,75
32,58
13,5
2,61
11,84
1,265
12,43
28,07
13,56
4,08
9,23
1,032
7,01
31,16
12,83
2,76
10,84
1,304

Tp ch Khoa hc 2011:19b 48-55 Trng i hc Cn Th

51


(a) (b)
Hnh 1: Hnh dng b mt SEM ca cc mu than bn KGNK (a) v mu than bn
KGAH (b)
3.2 Kh nng hp thu cc ion Cu
2+
v Pb
2+

3.2.1 nh hng ca pH dung dch
S nh hng ca pH dung dch trong qu trnh hp thu Cu
2+
v Pb
2+
trn cc mu
than bn U Minh c kho st vi pH dung dch ban u t 2 n 9. S thay
i pH c tin hnh bng cc dung dch HCl 0.1N hoc dung dch NH
4
OH
0.1N. Kt qu thu c nh sau:
Bng 2: nh hng ca pH dung dch n kh nng hp thu cc ion Cu
2+
v Pb
2+
ca cc
mu than bn ti cc iu kin: =
0
IKN
C 500 mg/l, nhit phng, t = 120 pht
pH
Dung lng hp ph Q (mg/g) Dung lng hp ph Q (mg/g)
Mu CMNK Mu KGNK Mu CMAH Mu KGAH
2 11,25 12,32 14,55 17,35
4 20,55 22,30 26,97 30,32
6 21,54 24,85 28,13 33,04
7 22,90 24,95 30,26 34,11
8 21,37 23,26 27,88 30,00
9 13,34 15,12 16,87 19,56
Nhn thy, s thay i pH dung dch IKN ban u c nh hng ng k n kh
nng hp thu ca cc mu. Cho c hai trng hp Cu
2+
v Pb
2+
, lng ion b hp
thu tng khi pH tng. Tuy nhin, theo K. Kadirvelu et al., 2000, hin tng thy
phn ca cc IKN ny xy ra khi pH dung dch cao (6,0-7,0 i vi Cu
2+
v 7,0-
8,0 i vi Pb
2+
) v th khng th kho st s hp th chng ti pH > 6,0.
3.2.2 Thi gian t n s cn bng
S hp thu cc ion Cu
2+
v Pb
2+
trn cc mu CMAH, KGNK, v KGAH v theo
thi gian tip xc c kho st tm ra thi im m ti s hp thu t
n im cn bng. Qua cc th nghim nghin cu v nh hng ca pH i vi
dung lng hp ph, ti tin hnh kho st cc th nghim ti nhit phng,
pH
dung dch
= 4 v pH
dung dch
= 7 v =
0
IKN
C 500 mg/l. Nhn chung trong tt c cc
trng hp kho st, kh nng hp th ca mu than bn t n mc cn bng sau
120 pht tip xc vi dung dch IKN. Kt qu kho st c biu din nh sau:
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52
Bng 3: Dung lng hp ph Cu
2+
lc cn bng ca than bn CMAH, KGNK v KGAH
Nng ban
u
C
0
(mg/l)
Mu than bn CMAH Mu than bn KGNK Mu than bn KGAH
Dung lng hp ph
Q (mg/g)
Dung lng hp ph
Q (mg/g)
Dung lng hp ph
Q (mg/g)
pH = 4 pH = 4 pH = 7 pH = 7 pH = 4 pH =7
200 6,00 5,97 6,00 6,00 6,00 6,00
400 12,00 11,38 12,00 12,00 12,00 12,00
800 22,86 21,36 21,98 23,8 23,98 23,91
1000 29,09 24,13 26,54 30,00 29,83 30,00
1300 30,12 24,42 25,89 32,89 30,32 34,68
1600 29,68 23,97 25,74 33,57 30,82 34,13
2000 29,83 24,11 26,14 33,67 30,67 34,34
Bng 4: Dung lng hp ph Pb
2+
lc cn bng ca than bn CMAH, KGNK v KGAH
Nng ban
u
C
0
(mg/l)
Mu than bn CMAH Mu than bn KGNK Mu than bn KGAH
Dung lng hp ph
Q (mg/g)
Dung lng hp ph
Q (mg/g)
Dung lng hp ph
Q (mg/g)
pH =4 pH = 7 pH = 4 pH =7 pH = 4 pH =7
1000 28,80 29,54 27,43 29,61 30,00 30,00
2000 59,56 58,98 57,26 58,77 57,65 58,76
3000 86,13 89,76 72,41 86,42 87,49 89,15
4000 103,06 118,36 78,18 92,18 108,23 122,36
5000 102,43 120,96 77,28 91,57 107,68 124,21
6000 102,78 120,27 77,76 91,96 106,27 125,54
3.2.3 Xy dng cc ng hp thu ng nhit
Cc th nghim xy dng cc ng hp thu ng nhit Cu
2+
v Pb
2+
trn cc mu
than bn U Minh c kho st 30C, pH dung dch ban u l 4, v pH = 7 vi
thi gian tip xc 120 pht. Kt qu c biu din nh sau:











Hnh 2: ng hp ph ng nhit Cu
2+
ca CMAH
0
10
20
30
40
0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100
Q
(
m
g
/
g
)
pH = 4
pH = 7
Nng (mg/l)
Tp ch Khoa hc 2011:19b 48-55 Trng i hc Cn Th

53
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100
Q

(
m
g
/
g
)
pH = 4
pH = 7

Hnh 3: ng hp ph ng nhit Cu
2+
ca KGNK












Hnh 4: ng hp ph ng nhit Cu
2+
ca KGAH














Hnh 5: ng hp ph ng nhit Pb
2+
ca CMAH
Nng (mg/l)
ng hap phuang nhiet cua than bun
Kien Giang axit hoa
0
10
20
30
40
0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100
Nong o(mg/l)
Q

(
m
g
/
g
)
pH = 4
pH = 7

Nng (mg/l)
ng hap phuang nhiet Pb
2+
cua than bun
CaMau axit hoa
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
0 2000 4000 6000 8000
Nong o(mg/l)
Q

(
m
g
/
g
)
pH = 4
pH = 7

Nng (mg/l)
Tp ch Khoa hc 2011:19b 48-55 Trng i hc Cn Th

54
















Hnh 6: ng hp ph ng nhit Pb
2+
ca KGNK











Hnh 7: ng hp ph ng nhit Pb
2+
ca KGAH
T cc hnh trn, c th nhn thy tt c cc mu than bn U Minh c kho st
u c kh nng hp thu Cu
2+
v Pb
2+
. Tuy nhin, nng cn bng ca cc ion
ny cn li trong dung dch sau hp thu kh cao, ngha l hiu sut hp thu ca cc
mu tng i thp.
Cc ng hp thu ng nhit cn cho ta thy hiu qu ca vic x l cc mu
than bn theo phng php nu trn. Trong trng hp Cu
2+
, cc mu sau x l
(KGAH, CMAH) c dung lng hp thu cao hn t 1,2-2,0 ln so vi cc mu
nguyn khai tng ng (KGNK, CMNK). Vi trng hp ion Pb
2+
, s chnh lch
ny l 1,2-1,6 ln. Nhn chung, ti cc iu kin nh nhau, kh nng hp th ca
cc mu tng theo trt t nh sau: CMNK < KGNK < KGAH < CMAH. Cc kt
qu ny c quy cho hm lng cc nhm chc -OH, -COOH, trong cc mu
sau cao hn, trong khi pH
ZCP
ca chng thp hn so vi cc mu u. Tht vy, v
xp ca cc mu rt thp nn cc IKN b hp thu ch yu theo c ch hp thu
ha hc. Nh cc nhm chc -OH, -COOH, c trong than bn nn khi pH dung
dch IKN cao hn pH
ZCP
ca chng, s c s hnh thnh cc tm mang in tch
m trn b mt vt liu theo cc phn ng sau:
S-OH + H
2
O S-O
-
+ H
3
O
+
S-COOH + H
2
O S-COO
-
+ H
3
O
+

ng hap phuang nhiet Pb
2+
cua than bun
Kien Giang nguyen khai
0
25
50
75
100
0 2000 4000 6000 8000
Nong o(mg/l)
Q

(
m
g
/
g
)
pH = 4
pH = 7

Nng (mg/l)
ng hap phuang nhiet Pb
2+
cua than bun
Kien Giang axit hoa
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
0 2000 4000 6000 8000
Nong o(mg/l)
Q

(
m
g
/
g
)
pH = 4
pH = 7

Nng (mg/l)
Tp ch Khoa hc 2011:19b 48-55 Trng i hc Cn Th

55
Cc tm mang in tch m d dng hp thu cc cation Cu
2+
hoc Pb
2+
. Hiu s
gia pH
ZCP
v pH
dung dch

cng ln th kh nng to cc tm ny cng thun li, lm
tng kh nng hp thu cc IKN ca than bn.
iu ng quan tm khc l vi cng mt mu than bn v cc iu kin khc nh
nhau, lng ion Pb
2+
b hp thu thp hn so vi ion Cu
2+
. Theo nghin cu ca K.
Kadirvelu et al., (2000), th kt qu ny cng c ghi nhn khi tin hnh
kho st s hp thu cc ion Cu
2+
, Pb
2+
, Ni
2+
t dung dch nc trn vi carbon hot
tnh. S khc nhau ny c gii thch l do mt in tch dng trn ion Pb
2+
thp hn Cu
2+
(bn knh ion Pb
2+
(1,12 ) ln hn so vi Cu
2+
(0,70 ) nn c hin
tng chn ln ca nhiu ion Pb
2+
trn cng mt tm hp thu.
4 KT LUN
Cc c tnh ha l v kh nng hp thu ion Cu
2+
v Pb
2+
ca than bn vng U
Minh c kho st.
Than bn U Minh c xp km, nhng nh c hm lng humic acid tng i
cao, pH
ZCP
v tro thp nn chng c kh nng hp thu c cc cation kim loi
trn. Vic x l than bn nguyn khai bng cch tuyn trong nc v acid ha vi
dung dch HCl 5% lm tng ng k kh nng hp thu ny. Tuy nhin, nhn
chung, hiu sut hp thu thp, cn phi tip tc nghin cu nhm tm ra cc iu
kin x l ti u thu c nhng mu c dung lng hp ph cao hn.
TI LIU THAM KHO
G.W.Thomas,1996, Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3, Soil Science Society Book Series, Vol.5,
American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI, 1996, pp.475-490.
Irena Twardowska, 1966, Journal of Geochemical Exploration 66, pp.387-405
K. Kadirvelu, C. Faur-Brasquet, P. Le Cloirec, 2000, Langmuir 16, pp.8404-8409.
M.E. Sumner, W.P. Miller, Methods of Soil Aanalysis, Part 3, Soil Science Society Book
Series, Vol. 5, American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI, 1996, pp.1201-1230.
Nguyn Hng Phong, (2000) Tp ch kinh t a cht v nguyn liu khong 2, pp.30-33.
P. A. Brown, S. A. Gill and S. J. Allen, 2000, Water Research 34, pp.3907-3916.
Recep Gundogan, 2004, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 269, pp.303-309.
Tania H. Ribeiro, Jorge Rubio and Ross W. Smith, 2003, Spill Science and Technology
Bulletin 8, pp.483-489.
V nh Ng, Nguyn Siu Nhn, Trn Mnh Tr, 1997, Than bn Vit Nam v s dng
than bn trong nng nghip, Nh xut bn Nng nghip, Tp. HCM.
V Vn Tn, Phan Th Kim Nga, 2001, Tp ch ha hc v cng nghip ha cht 2, pp.6-9.
Y. S. Ho, G. McKay, (1998) Chemical Engineering Journal 70, pp.115-124.
Zacaria Reddad, Claire Grente, 2002, Carbohydrate Polymers 49, pp.23-31.