CCNA Semester1

Modul e 5
Cabl i ng LANs and WANs
Objectives
Identify characteristics of Ethernet networks.
Describe the function of network devices
Describe and cabling the LANs
Decribe WAN connections and cabling
the WANs
Cabling the LANs
LAN Physical Layer
Each media has advantages and disadvantages. Some
of the advantage or disadvantage comparisons
concern the following:
Cable length
Cost
Ease of installation
Susceptibility to interference
Ethernet Family
Ethernet Standard
Ethernet is the most widely used LAN technology.
Ethernet was first implemented by the Digital, Intel,
and Xerox group, referred to as DIX.
DIX Ethernet was used as the basis for the Institute
of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.3
specification, released in 1980.
Later, the IEEE extended 802.3 to three new
committees known as 802.3u (Fast Ethernet), 802.3z
(Gigabit Ethernet over Fiber), and 802.3ab (Gigabit
Ethernet over UTP).
Ethernet Cable and Connector
UTP Implementation
EIA/TIA specifies an RJ-
45 connector for
unshielded twisted-pair
(UTP) cable. The letters
RJ stand for registered
jack, and the number 45
refers to a specific
wiring sequence.
Attach the RJ-45
RJ-45
Jack
RJ-45 Plug
Repeater: Layer 1
Repeater regenerate and
retime network signals at
the bit level to allow them
to travel a longer
distance on the media.
4 repeater rule
This rule states that no more than four repeaters can be used
between hosts on a LAN.
This rule is used to limit latency added to frame travel by
each repeater. Too much latency on the LAN increases the
number of late collisions and makes the LAN less efficient.
5.4.3.2.1 Rule
5 sections of the network.
4 repeaters or hubs.
3 sections for hosts.
2 sections for link
purposes.
1 large collision domain.
Hubs: Layer 1
Multiport repeater
The physical topology
for using a hub star.
Sometimes called
concentrator
There are 3 types of
hub: active, passive
and intelligent
Every device connected to the same network
segment is said to be a member of a collision
domain.
Network Segmentation
When the number of network
node is big, reducing network
performance, it is necessary to
break up a large LAN into
smaller, more easily managed
segments.
Bridge Functions
Switches and bridges
operate at the Data Link
layer of the OSI model.
The function of the bridge
is to make intelligent
decisions about whether
or not to pass signals on
to the next segment of a
network.
Bridge Functions
They makes these decisions based upon the layer 2
physical address (MAC).
A switch therefore has two main functions:
switch data frames
build and maintain tables
The function of the
bridge is to make
intelligent decisions
about whether or not
to pass signals on to
the next segment of
a network.
LAN Switch
Switches operate at much
higher speeds than
bridges and can support
new functionality, such
as virtual LANs.
Switches can easily
replace hubs
Cisco Catalyst
Catalyst 6500
Catalyst 2950
Catalyst 3550
Switch: Micro-segmentation
An Ethernet switch allows
many users to communicate in
parallel in a virtually collision-
free environment.
Ethernet switches have such
benefits:
reduces network congestion
maximizes bandwidth
reduces collision domain size
Host Connectivity - NIC
The NIC is also referred to as a network adapter and is
considered Layer 2 devices because each NIC carries a
unique code called a MAC address.
When selecting a NIC, consider the following:
Network architecture
Operating system
Media type
Data transfer speed
Available bus types
Type of network
Peer-to-peer versus Client/Server
Cabling the WANs
WAN physical layer
The physical layer implementations vary depending
on:
distance of the equipment from the services
speed
type of service itself
WAN Serial Connections
If the connection is made directly to a service
provider, or a device that provides signal clocking
such as a channel/data service unit (CSU/DSU), the
router will be a data terminal equipment (DTE) and
use a DTE serial cable.
Routers and Serial Connections
Determine whether DTE or DCE connectors are
required. The DTE is the endpoint of the users
device on the WAN link.
The DCE is the point where responsibility for
delivering data passes into the hands of the service
provider.
Fixed and modular port
Interfaces on routers with fixed serial ports are labeled
for port type and port number (eg S1). Ethernet AUI port
need transceiver to convert from DB-15 to RJ45
Interfaces on routers with modular serial ports are
labeled for port type, slot, and port number (eg: S0/1).
Routers and DSL Connections
The Cisco 827 ADSL router has one Asymmetric Digital
Subscriber Line (ADSL) interface.
To connect an ADSL line to the ADSL port on a router, do
the following:
Connect the phone cable to the ADSL port on the router.
Connect the other end of the phone cable to the phone jack.
DSL works over standard telephone lines using pins 3 and
4 on a standard RJ-11 connector.
Routers and Cable Connections
The Cisco uBR905 cable access router provides high-
speed network access on the cable television system
to residential and small office, home office (SOHO)
subscribers.
Setting Up Console Connections
The console port allows monitoring and configuration of a Cisco
hub, switch, or router.
The AUX port allows remote monitoring and configuration of
devices over modem connection.
To set up a connection between the terminal and the Cisco
console port, perform two steps.
Connect the devices using a rollover cable from the console port, on the
router, to the serial port, on the terminal (workstation).
Configure the terminal emulation application with the following common
equipment (COM) port settings: 9600 bps, 8 data bits, no parity, 1 stop bit,
and no flow control.
Lab Companion
5.1.5 RJ-45 Jack Punch Down
5.1.12 Building a Peer-to-Peer Network
5.1.13 Building a LAN Network
5.2.3 Interconnecting network devices
5.2.7 Establishing a Console Connection to a Router or Switch
Summary
LAN physical layer
Ethernet standards
5-4-3 rule
Functions of network devices
Peer-to-peer versus client/server network
WAN physical layer
WAN connections
WAN technologies