ti 7: Thit b Media Gateway

1.1.Media Gateway: l mt thit b hoc dch v cung cp s chuyn i gia 2 mi trng truyn dn gia cc
mng vin thng khc nhau nh PSTN, GSM, 3G, PBX Media Gateway cung cp phng tin truyn ti thng
tin thoi, d liu, fax v video gia mng gi IP v mng PSTN Bn dng gateway chuyn i gia tn hiu thoi
analog thnh cc gi tin truyn trn mng.,... Cha cc card giao tip vi public network hoc card thu bao. Media
gateway c s dng l phn t kt ni trung gian gia cc h thng mng s dng IP(chuyn mch gi) v h
thng TDM (Time Division Multiplexing). Cc lung d liu thuc cc giao thc khc nhau c MG chuyn i
sang giao thc IP v c truyn i qua h thng NGN (li IP).Vic chuyn i ny c iu khin bng
Softswitch (SW) hay Media Gateway Controller (MGC) thc hin vic m ha, gii m v nn d liu thng qua
cc giao thc Media Gateway Controller Protocol (MGCP)/ Megaco(H.248) / Session Initiation Protocol(SIP).
Chc nng ca MG: Cung cp dch v chuyn i cc tn hiu AD (Analog to Digital):. Truyn d liu thoi s
dng giao thc RTP(Real Time Protocol). Cung cp ti nguyn cho vic s l s (Digital Signal Processing) di
s iu khin ca Media Gateway Controller. H tr vic giao tip v chuyn i qua li gia cc giao thc sn c
nh: CAS, QSIG, ISDN, T1, IPCho php m rng cng giao tip v cung cp kh nng d phng, qun l, nng
cp h thng m khng lm thay i n cc thnh phn khc ca h thng mng. Media Gateway c tnh nng ca
mt tng i class-5 (Host) nu n u ni n mng truy nhp bng hp.Ngoi ra n cn c tnh nng ca mt tng
i class-4 (Trunk/ Transit) khi ni vi mng PSTN c sn hay n mng ca nh cung cp khc.
c tnh h thng: Mt Media Gateway c cc c tnh sau: L mt thit b vo, ra (I.O) c hiu. Dung lng
b nh phi lun bo m lu tr cc thng tin trng thi, thng tin cu
hnh, cc bn tin MGCP, th vin DSP Dung lng a ch yu dng cho
qu trnh ng nhp(Loggin). D phng y giao din Ethernet (i vi
mng IP), m rng mt vi giao din T1, E1 vi mng TDM. Mt khong
120 cng(DSOs).S dng bus H.110 m bo tnh linh ng cho h
thng ni b.
V tr ca MG trong h thng NGN: Xt v cu trc lun l th MG nm
trong lp truyn thng h thng NGN, chng c qun l bi lp iu
khin l cc Softswitch/Media Gateway controller. Xt trn cu trc vt l
th MG l thit b trung gian gia mng s liu khc vi mng IP.
Cu trc ca MG: gm cc cng phng tin truyn ti thng tin thoi,
d liu, fax v video gia mng gi IP v mng PSTN.
Media Gateway Controller: l chc nng c bn ca chuyn mch mm v cng thng c gi l Call Agent
hay B iu khin cng (Gate Controller) hay chuyn mch mm (Softswitch). MGC iu khin x l cuc gi, cn
MG v SG s thc hin truyn thng. MGC iu khin SG thit lp v kt ni cuc gi. Ngoi ra cn giao tip vi
h thng OSS v BSS. MGC chnh l chic cu ni gia cc mng c c tnh khc nhau nh PSTN, SS7, mng IP.
N chu trch nhim qun l lu lng thoi v d liu qua cc mng khc nhau. Mt MGC kt hp vi MG, SG
to thnh cu hnh ti thiu cho chuyn mch mm.
Cc chc nng ca MGC: iu khin cuc gi, duy tr trng thi ca mi cuc gi trn mt MG. iu khin v h
tr hot ng ca MG, SG. Trao i cc bn tin c bn gia hai MG-F. X l bn tin bo hiu SS7 (khi s dng
SIGTRAN). X l cc bn tin lin quan QoS nh RTCP. Thc hin nh tuyn cuc gi ( bao gm bn nh tuyn
v bin dch). Ghi li cc thng tin chi tit ca cuc gi tnh cc (CDR-Call Detail Record). iu khin qun l
bng thng.
c tnh h thng: L mt CPU c hiu yu cu l h thng a x l, c kh nng m rng theo chiu ngang.
Cn b nh ln lu tr d liu. iu ny cng rt cn thit cho cc qu trnh a x l. Ch yu lm vic vi lu
lng IP, do yu cu cc kt ni tc cao. H tr nhiu loi giao thc. sn sng cao.
3.Signaling Gateway: to ra mt chic cu gia mng bo hiu SS7 vi mng IP di s iu khin ca MGC. SG
lm cho Softswitch ging nh mt nt SS7 trong mng bo hiu SS7. Nhim v ca SG l x l thng tin bo hiu.
Cc chc nng ca SG: Cung cp mt kt ni vt l n mng bo hiu. Truyn thng tin bo hiu gia MGC v
Signalling Gateway thng qua mng IP. Cung cp ng dn truyn dn cho thoi, d liu v cc dng d liu khc.
(Thc hin truyn d liu l nhim v ca Media Gateway) Cung cp cc hot ng SS7 c s sn sng cao cho cc
dch v vin thng.
c tnh h thng: L mt thit b vo ra I/O. Dung lng b nh phi lun m bo lu tr cc thng tin trng
thi, thng tin cu hnh, cc l trnh Dung lng a ch yu s dng cho qu trnh ng nhp (logging), do
khng yu cu dung lng ln. D phng y giao din Ethernet (vi mng IP). tng hiu xut v tnh linh
ng ngi ta s dng bus H.110 hoc H.100. Yu cu sn sng cao: nhiu SG, nhiu lin kt bo hiu
4.Media Server:l thnh phn la chn ca Softswich, c s dng x l cc thng tin c bit. Mt Media
Server phi h tr phn cng DSP vi hiu xut cao nht.
Cc chc nng ca mt Media Server: Chc nng Voicemail c bn. Hp th Fax tch hp hay cc thng bo c
th s dng e-mail hay cc bn tin ghi m trc. Kh nng nhn dng ting ni (nu c). Kh nng hi ngh truyn
hnh (video conference). Kh nng chuyn thoi sang vn bn. (Speech to text).
c tnh h thng: L mt CPU, c kh nng qun l l lng bn tin MGCP. Lu tr cc phng php thc hin
lin kt vi DSP ni b hay ln cn. Cn dung lng b nh ln lu tr cc c s d liu, b nh m, th vin,..
Dung lng a tng i nh. Qun l hu ht cc lu lng IP nu tt c ti nguyn IP c s dng x l
thoi. S dng Bus H110 tng thch vi card DSP v MG. sn sng cao.
5.Application Server: l mt server mc ng dng cha mt lot cc dch v ca doanh nghip. Chnh v vy m
ta cn gi l Server ng dng thng mi. V hu ht cc Server ny u qun l cc dch v v truyn thng qua
mng nn chng khng rng buc nhiu vi Softswitch v vic phn chia hay nhm cc thnh phn ng dng. Cc
dch v cng thm c th thuc Call Agent, hoc cng c th thc hin mt cch c lp. Nhng ng dng ny giao
tip vi Call Agent thng qua cc giao thc nh SIP, H.323 Chng thng c lp vi phn cng nhng li yu
cu truy nhp c s d liu c trng.
Chc nng ca Feature Server: Xc nh tnh hp l v h tr cc thng s dch v thng thng cho h thng a
chuyn mch. Mt s v d v cc dch v c tnh: H thng tnh cc: Call Agent s dng cc b CDR (Call
Detail Record). Chng trnh CDR c rt nhiu c tnh, chng hn kh nng ng dng tc da trn loi ng
truyn, thi im trong ngyDch v ny cho php cc khch hng truy nhp vo bn tin tnh cc ca h thng
qua cuc gi thoi hay yu cu trang Web. H.323 Gatekeeper - Dch v ny h tr nh tuyn thng qua cc min
khc nhau. Mi min c th ng k mt s in thoi v s truy nhp trung k vi Gatekeeper thng qua giao thc
H.323. Gatekeeper s cung cp dch v nh tuyn cuc gi cho mi u cui H.323. Gatekeeper cn c th cung
cp iu khin tnh cc v qun l bng thng cho Softswitch. VPN - Dch v ny s thit lp mng ring o cho
khch hng vi cc c tnh: Bng thng xc nh (thng qua mng thu ring tc cao), m bo QoS, Nhiu
tnh nng ring theo chun, K hoch quay s ring, Bo mt cc m thoi c truyn dn..
c tnh h thng: Do tnh c bit nn n yu cu mt CPU tin ch cao. iu ny cng cn ph thuc vo cc
ng dng c bit khc nhau. Cn b nh ln vi tr thp. CPU c kh nng m rng p ng cho vic nng
cp dch v v lu lng. t mt vi c s d liu trong Server. Dung lng a ln, tu thuc vo c tnh ca
tng ng dng. V d nh dung lng 100GB-1T cho ngn hng Voicemail. Giao din Ethernet (vi mng IP) c
thc hin vi y kh nng d phng.
Chng 3: Cc thit b Media Gateway
Cc loi thit b MG:
Wireless getway: 3G-NGN
Access getway: lan-NGN
Resident getway: digital tv- ngn
Trunk getway: pstn- ngn
Signaling getway: ss7-ngn
Wireless access getway: mng di ng ngn
13.THIT LP CUC GI THNG QUA MGCP
Trnh t thit lp cuc gi gia hai my in thoi A in thoi B nh sau:
Khi my in thoi A c nhc ln Gateway A gi bn tin cho MGC.
Gateway A to m mi quay s v nhn s b gi.
S b gi c gi cho MGC.
MGC xc nh nh tuyn cuc gi nh th no:
MGC gi lnh cho Gateway B.
Gateway B chung my B.
MGC gi lnh cho Gateway A v B to phin kt ni RTP/RTCP.
14.Media Gateway Controller Media Gateway Controller Media Gateway Controller Media Gateway Controller
- -- - Cac chc nang chnh cua Media Gateway Controller Cac chc nang chnh cua Media Gateway Controller Cac chc nang chnh cua Media Gateway Controller Cac chc nang chnh cua Media Gateway Controller: : : :
(1):ieu khien cuoc goi, duy tr trang thai cua moi cuoc goi tren mot Media Gateway. (2):ieu khien va ho tr hoat ong
cua Media Gateway, Signaling Gateway. (3)Trao oi cac ban tin c ban gia 2 MG-F. (4)X ly ban tin SS7 (khi s dung
SIGTRAN). (5)X ly ban tin lien quan QoS. (6)Phat hoac nhan ban tin bao hieu. (7)nh tuyen (bao gom bang nh tuyen,
phan tch so va dch so). (8)Tng tac vi AS-F e cung cap dch vu hay ac tnh cho ngi s dung. (9)Co the quan ly cac
tai nguyen mang (port, bang tan, ).
Cac giao thc Media Gateway Controller co the s dung Cac giao thc Media Gateway Controller co the s dung Cac giao thc Media Gateway Controller co the s dung Cac giao thc Media Gateway Controller co the s dung:
(1)e thiet lap cuoc goi: H.323, SIP. (2)ieu khien Media Gateway: MGCP, Megaco/H.248. (3)ieu khien
Signaling Gateway: SIGTRAN (SS7). (4)e truyen thong tin: RTP, RTCP
ti 8: MPLS v IP/MPLS
Chng 1: Tng quan MPLS
1.1 Cng ngh IP: c xy dng trn giao thc TCP/IP tng ng lp truyn ti ca m hnh OSI. IP l kiu
giao thc khng lin kt, c chc nng lin kt d liu gia cc mng hay kt ni chng thnh lin mng. IP phn
on cc gi tin khi truyn ti qua cc mng khc nhau sau tng hp li khi chng c gi ti ch.
1.2- c im cng ngh ATM: Cho php truyn thng tin vi tc cao. ATM l cng ngh chuyn mch hng
kt ni vi nhiu kt ni (knh o c nh, bn c nh, knh o chuyn mch). S dng vi nhiu loi cu hnh
(im-im, im-a im, a im-a im). Bng tn phn b rng.Thit b ATM c nhiu giao din hu dng
i vi nhng dch v thoi/hnh nh; c kh nng giao tip vi h thng PDH, SDH, IP, Frame Relay v h tr IP
qua MPOA.
1.3 Cng ngh MPLS (Multi-Protocol Label Switching): l cng ngh chuyn mch IP s dng c ch ATM
tng tc truyn gi tin m khng cn thay i cc giao thc nh tuyn ca IP. MPLS tch chc nng ca IP
router ra lm hai phn ring bit : chc nng chuyn gi tin v chc nng iu khin.
1.4 c im cng ngh MPLS: c im: Tc nhanh hn v gim tr. Kh nng m rng. n gin. Tit
kim ti nguyn mng. Kh nng nh tuyn tt hn. Mt s c tnh ca MPLS: Cung cp dch v IP da trn cc
mng ring o . Loi b cu hnh a lp. Tuyn hin. H tr a lin kt v a giao thc
Chng 2 : khi nim v hot ng
2.1- Cc khi nim c bn: ng ln (Upstream): Hng i dng dn t ch n ngun. ng xung
(Downstream): Hng i ng dn t ngun n ch. Mt phng iu khin: L ni m cc thng tin iu khin
nh l thng tin v nhn v nh tuyn c trao i vi nhau. Mt phng d liu/Mt phng chuyn tip: L ni m
hot ng chuyn tip thc s c thc hin khi mt phng iu khin c thit lp. Nhn (Label): l 1 thc
th ngn c di c nh v khng c cu trc ni.Nhn c gn vo 1 gi tin c th i din cho 1 lp chuyn
tip tng ng. Ngn xp nhn (Label stack): c cu trc bi 1 tp cc nhn chn vo gia tiu lp 2 v lp 3
ca gi tin.Thng qua ngn xp nhn, MPLS thc hin nh tuyn phn cp v to ra cc ng chuyn mch nhn.
B nh tuyn chuyn mch nhn LSR (Label Switch Router): Dng chuyn cc gi tin bng th tc phn phi
nhn LSR gm cc loi: LSR bin, ATM-LSR, ATM-LSR bin. B nh tuyn bin nhn (LER): thc hin chc nng
nhn cc gi cha c dn nhn (gi IP) v ch nh mt nhn cho chng ti li vo v loi b nhn ti li ra.
ng dn chuyn mch nhn (LSP): L ng gi tin qua mng chuyn mch nhn t im bt u dn nhn n
nhn b loi b khi gi tin v c thit lp trc khi truyn d liu. Lp chuyn tip tng ng FEC
(Forwarding Equivalence Class): l mt nhm cc gi chia s yu cu chuyn tip chng qua mng. Bng chuyn
tip chuyn mch nhn LSF (Label switching Forwarding Table): l bng chuyn tip c cha thng tin v nhn u
vo, nhn u ra v a ch im tip theo. C s thng tin nhn (LIB- Label Information Base): l bng kt ni
trong LSR c cha gi tr nhn/ FEC c gn vo cng ra cng nh thng tin v ng gi phng thc truyn tin.
Gi tin dn nhn: l mt gi tin m nhn c m ho trong . n nh v phn phi nhn: Trong MPLS , quyt
nh kt hp 1 nhn Label c th vi 1 FEC c th l do LSR pha trc thc hin. LSR pha trc sau khi kt
hp s thng bo vi LSR pha sau v s kt hp . Do vy cc nhn c LSR pha trc n nh v cc kt hp
nhn c phn phi theo hng t LSR pha trc n LSR pha sau.
2.2- Cc thit b MPLS: b nh tuyn chuyn mch nhn (LSR): thc hin chc nng chuyn tip gi thng tin
trong phm vi mng MPLS bng th tc phn phi nhn. . B nh tuyn bin nhn LER: l thit b hot ng
ranh gii gia mng MPLS v mng truy cp.. ng chuyn mch nhn (LSP) l mt tp hp cc LSR m
chuyn mch mt gi c nhn qua mng MPLS hoc mt phn ca mng MPLS.. Lp chuyn tip tng ng
(FEC) l mt nhm hoc lung cc gi c chuyn tip dc theo cng mt tuyn v c x l theo cng mt
cch chuyn tip.
2.3- Hot ng ca MPLS
a. Ch hot ng khung ca MPLS: Ch ny xut hin khi s dng MPLS trong mi trng cc thit b
nh tuyn ch iu khin cc gi tin IP im-im. Cc gi tin gn nhn c chuyn tip trn c s khung lp 2.
Bc 1: Xy dng bng nh tuyn IP: Cc giao thc nh tuyn IP c s dng xy dng bng nh tuyn IP
trong tt c cc LSR. Cc bng FIB c xy dng da vo bng nh tuyn IP m khng cn thng tin gn nhn.
Bc 2: Gn nhn: Mi LSR gn 1 nhn cho cc a ch ch trong bng nh tuyn IP. Vic gn nhn din ra
khng ng b. Bc 3: Phn phi nhn: Nhn gn c thng bo ti tt c cc LSR ln cn, m khng cn
bit LSR ln cn l ngc chiu hay cng chiu v ch. Tt c cc router MPLS s t gn 1 nhn cho 1 a ch
ch mt cch c lp. Bc 4: Xy dng cc bng: Nhn thng bo nhn. Tng LSR ghi li nhn nhn c trong
bng LIB ca n. Cc LSR bin nhn nhn t LSR li k tip ca chng cng ghi thng tin nhn trong bng FIB.
b. Ch hot ng t bo MPLS: L ch hot ng khi trin khai MPLS qua ATM, xut hin mt s kh
khn sau: khng tn ti mt c ch no cho vic trao i trc tip cc gi IP gia 2 nt MPLS cn k qua giao din
ATM. Tt c cc s liu trao i qua giao din ATM phi c thc hin qua knh o ATM . Cc tng i ATM
khng th thc hin vic kim tra nhn hay a ch lp 3. Nh vy cn thit phi xy dng mt s c ch m
bo thc thi MPLS qua ATM nh sau: Cc gi IP khng th trao i trc tip qua giao din ATM. Mt knh o VC
phi c thit lp gia 2 nt MPLS cn k trao i gi thng tin iu khin. Nhn trn cng trong ngn xp nhn
c s dng cho cc gi tr VPI/VCI. Cc th tc gn v phn phi nhn phi c sa i m bo cc tng
i ATM khng phi kim tra a ch lp 3. Trao i thng tin gia cc LSR cn k: Thng qua kt ni ngoi bng
nh kt ni Ethernet gia cc tng i. Thng qua knh o qun l trong bng tng t nh cch m giao thc ATM
Forum thc hin. Xy dng bng nh tuyn IP trong tt c LSR. Cc gi IP khng dn nhn khng th chuyn qua
cc giao din LC-ATM. Cc bng chuyn tip khng c xy dng cho ti khi cc nhn c gn ti cc a ch
ch trong bng nh tuyn IP.
+ cc ng dng ca MPLS
Ci thin chc nng chuyn tip gi trong mng
- MPLS n gin cho php trin khai mt cch d dng
- MPLS tng chc nng mng bi v n cho php vic nh tuyn bi chuyn mch tc ng dy
H tr QoS v CoS vi cc dch v khc nhau
- MPLS s dng thit lp tuyn c iu khin lu lng v gip t c cc mc dch v m bo
- MPLS kt hp thit lp tuyn rang buc v lp tuyn hin
H tr linh hot ca mng
Tch hp ip v ATM vo mng
- MPLS cung cp cu ni gia mng truy cp v li ATM
- MPLS c th s dng li cc chuyn mch cng/router c sn ca ATM, kt hp mt cch hiu qu hai mng ring bit
Xy dng kh nng vn hnh lien mng
- MPLS l mt gii php chun m c th t c s hp lc gia mng IP v ATM
- MPLS lm cho IP d dng kt hp qua sonet tch hp chuyn mch quang

Chng 3 Cc giao thc MPLS
3.1- Giao thc phn phi nhn LDP: Tp hp cc th tc dng thit lp v trao i cc LSR vi nhau.
3.2- Giao thc CR-LDP: nh tuyn tm ra ng kt ni ti u. Cc thng tin lin quan s c yu cu a
vo h thng tnh ton. CR-LDP c m rng t LDP. N hot ng c lp vi mi giao thc cng ng bin
bn trong (IGP) khc. iu kin qun tr: Nh qun tr mng c th iu khin c lu lng i trong cc ng kt
ni nh chn li hoc ch cho i qua cc con ng nh sn .C th kt hp c 2 loi iu kin trn ch khng
nht thit phi l 1 trong 2 loi. iu kin tm con ng ngn nht: Thut ton SPF (Shortest Path First) b sung
thm cc iu kin rng buc thnh CSPF (Constraint-Based SPF). Ti u theo 1 tiu ch no (Con ng ngn
nht, t nt nht, cost thp nht,) Khng vi phm cc iu kin rng buc
3.3- Giao thc dnh trc ti nguyn RSVP: dng dnh trc cc ti nguyn cho mt phin lm vic trong
mng Internet. RSVP gm 2 loi bn tin: PATH v RESV.
3.4- Giao thc phn b nhn BGP: c tng cng h tr vic phn b nhn.
Chng 4 Bo hiu v nh tuyn m bo cht lng QoS
4.1- Cht lng dch v MPLS: tiu ch h tr cht lng dch v nh tr, bng tnu tin ti bin ca
mng, lung lu lng ngi dng c nhn v chuyn cc lung lu lng trong LSP ring vi thuc tnh
CoS hay QoS ca n. MPLS c th h tr cc dch v khng nh trc qua LSP bng vic s dng mt trong cc k
thut sau: B ch th CoS c th c truyn i trong nhn gn lin vi tng gi. CoS c cha trong mo u m
ca MPLS. Trong trng hp nhn khng cha ch th CoS th gi tr CoS c th lin quan ngm nh ti 1 LSP c
th. Cht lng dch v QoS c th c cung cp bi LSP c thit lp trn c s bo hiu ATM (trng hp ny
mng MPLS l mng ATM-LSR)
4.2- nh tuyn m bo QoS trong MPLS
A. Khi qut v nh tuyn m bo QoS : nh tuyn QoS xc nh tuyn da trn ti nguyn mng hin c v
yu cu ca lung lu lng. N c cc u im sau: m bo cht lng dch v QoS la chn tuyn ng i kh
thi nht. Nu lu lng vt qu gii hn ca tuyn th nh tuyn m bo QoS a ra nhiu tuyn khc truyn
lu lng d . Nu xy ra li mng hoc li nt th nh tuyn m bo QoS s la chn mt tuyn ng i thay
th. Cc loi lu lng khc nhau c yu cu QoS khc nhau v cc t hp lu lng c ngun v ch ging nhau
c th i cc tuyn ng khc nhau. Nhc im: Do cc rng buc v cht lng ( tr, rung pha, t l mt gi)
ca cc ng dng phn tn thng thay i. Vn ti u ha phc tp hn. Hot ng ca cc thut ton nh
tuyn QoS b nh hng nghim trng nu khng cp nht thng tin trng thi mng kp thi.
B. Mt s thut ton nh tuyn QoS trong MPLS: bc nhy ti thiu MHA(min hop algorithm). Tm ng
ngn nht v rng nht WSPA (widest sortest path algorithm). Tm ng rng nht v ngn nht SWPA. nh
tuyn nhiu ti thiu MIRA( minimum interference routing algorithm)
C. Mt s gii php ci thin hiu nng nh tuyn QoS trong MPLS: gii php lm chnh lch lung lu lng
kt ni thng qua k thut lm chch lung o. Th 2 l gii php cn bng mc tiu thng c gii quyt bng
cch t trng s thich hp cho cc lien kt, vi mc tiu cn bng cc yu t nhiu v ti, ti thiu mc ti a ca
chim dng lin kt.

ti 9: ISDN, B-ISDN v ATM
CHNG 1: ISDN (Integrated Service Digital Network)
1.1 ISDNl g? mng s tch hp a dch v l: Mng vin thng, da trn k thut chuyn mch knh v gi, cung
cp cc ng truyn s, c kh nng phc v nhiu loi dch v khc nhau nh: thoi v phi thoi. Mng ISDN cho
php tt c cc thng tin thoi, s liu v hnh nh c th truyn qua mt ng dy thu bao vi tc cao v cht
lng tt.. Mng ISDN c c im sau: L mt mng a dch v, thay th nhiu mng vin thng khc nhau ang tn
ti bng mt mng duy nht, cung cp tt c cc dch v hin ti v cc dch v tng lai vi mt thu bao duy nht.
ISDN c h thng bo hiu s 7 v cc node chuyn mch thng minh. Kin trc ISDN tng thch vi m hnh OSI.
Cc giao thc c pht trin ca m hnh OSI c th s dng c trong ISDN. Cc giao thc c th s dng mt
cch c lp cho cc tng khc nhau, c chc nng ring ca tng tng m khng nh hng n cc tng k nhau. Mc
tiu chnh ca mng l chun ho tt c cc thit b u cui, nh m thanh, hnh nh, vn bn...c tch hp chung vo
mt mng duy nht. Nhm s dng c hiu qu cc ti nguyn ca mng.
1.3. Cc loi knh trong ISDN: Knh l ng truyn thng tin gia ngi s dng v mng, c gi l knh thu
bao. Trong ISDN knh thu bao chia 3 loi c bn: knh D, B v H, c phn bit vi nhau v chc nng v tc :
Knh D: Dng truyn bo hiu gia ngi s dng v mng. Knh D hot ng vi tc 16Kbps hoc 64Kbps, ph
thuc vo giao din ngi s dng. Knh B: Dng truyn tn hiu ting ni, m thanh, s liu v hnh nh ca ngi
s dng. Knh B hot ng tc 64 Kbps. Ba loi lin kt c th thit lp qua knh B : Chuyn mch knh (Circuit-
switched): Qu trnh thit lp lin kt khng thc hin trn knh B m s dng h thng bo hiu knh chung. Chuyn
mch gi (Packet-switched): Thu bao c ni ti mt node chuyn mch gi v s liu s c chuyn i nh chun
X25. Lin kt bn c nh (Semipermanent): loi lin kt ny khng i hi th tc thit lp lin kt, tng t nh thu
bao knh ring (Leased line). Knh H cung cp cc dch v tc cao v ghp cc lung tc thp hn. c 4 loi knh
H :Knh H0 : tng ng vi 6 knh B, c tc 384 Kbps. Knh H10 : 23B, 1.472 Mbps. Knh H11 : 24B, 1.536
Mbps. Knh H12 : 30B, 1.920 Mbps.
1.4. Giao din ISDN :Giao din BRI (Basic Rate Interface): C cu trc knh l 2B+D, trong knh D c tc 16
Kbps. Tng cng tc ca giao din ny l 144 Kbps nhng trong thc t tc c s c th ln ti 192 Kbps. Giao
din ny dnh cho cc thu bao nh cung cp cc dch v truy nhp mng bng cc thit b u cui a nng hoc
cc thit b ring l. Giao din PRI (Primary): Dng cho thu bao c dung lng ln nh tng i PBX hoc mng cc
b LAN. Do cc tiu chun truyn dn khc nhau nn c 2 loi truy nhp l: 23B+D cho tiu chun Bc M 1544 Kbps
v 30B+D cho tiu chun Chu u 2048 Kbps (knh D c tc l 64 Kbps).
1.5. Chc nng cc tng trong kin trc ISDN: Tng vt l trong ISDN: Cu trc trong tng ny ph thuc vo hng
lin kt t thit b u cui n mng hay t mng n thit b u cui. Giao din ca tng gm: NT Frame (Network to
Terminal),TE Frame (Terminal to Network). Tng 2 trong ISDN: Tng ng vi tng Data Link ca m hnh OSI. Hot
ng trong tng ny c giao thc LAP-D (Link Access Protocol - D channel). LAP-D thc hin cc chc nng sau y :
Cung cp dch v thit lp mt hay nhiu lin kt Data Link trn cng knh D cho cc hot ng ca tng 3, To khung
(Frame), Kim sot ng b, Pht hin li v t ng pht li khung c li, Ghi nhn cc sai st v th tc, Kim sot
lung, Cc chc nng gim st tng 2.
Cu trc khung ca LAP-D nh sau: Flag: biu th s bt u hay kt
thc ca khung. Address: a ch ISDN. SAPI (Service Access Point
Identifier):im truy nhp dch v cho tng 3 (6bit). C/R (Command/
Response): Khung ny l mt lnh hay mt p ng (1bit). EA (Extended Address) bt u hay kt thc ca trng a
ch (bng 1 l byte cui ca a ch) (2bit). TEI (Terminal Endpoint Identifier):a ch c bit hoc n nh ID cho mi
thit b u cui ISDN, lin kt vi mng ISDN qua giao din S/T (7bit ). Control : Trng iu khin. Information :
Trng d liu. PD(Protocol Discriminator) (1byte). L (Length) cho bit chiu di ca trng CRV (1byte). CRV (Call
Reference Value) thit lp s hiu cho mi cuc gi (1 hoc 2 byte). MT (Message Type) Loi Message (1byte). MOIE
(Mandatory/Optional Information Elements). CRC : Trng kim tra.
Tng 3 trong ISDN: c chc nng thit lp, duy tr v gii phng cc lin kt. Cc thc th tng 3 s cung cp cc thng
ip truyn trong cc trng tng 2. Cc thng ip thng c di 8 bit v c nhiu loi thng ip s dng trong
cc trng hp khc nhau. V d nh thng ip SETUP (00000101) thit lp cuc gi.
1.6. ng dng ca ISDN: Voice, Fax, Data, v email ng thi; hi ngh truyn hnh gi thp; qung b t xa v truyn
audio cht lng cao.

CHNG 3: ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode)
3.1.Khi nim v ATM: l phng thc truyn khng ng b k thut chuyn mch gi cht lng cao da trn vic
ghp khng ng b phn chia theo thi gian c xy dng trn c s t hp cc u im ca chuyn mch gi v
chuyn mch knh. ATM c kh nng cung cp nhiu loi dch v vi cc yu cu khc nhau v QoS nhng vn m bo
hiu qu s dng ti nguyn mng
3.2.Cc c im ca ATM: do truyn theo phng thc khng ng b c ngha l thng tin khi a vo u vo ca
h thng c np vo cc b nh, sau n c chia nh ra thnh cc t bo v truyn qua mng. Vi k thut ny
ATM c cc c im sau: ATM s dng cc gi c kch thc nh v c nh c gi l t bo (ATM cell), cng vi
truyn vi tc cao s lm cho tr ng truyn v bin ng tr nh so vi dch v thi gian thc, ngoi ra kch thc
cc t bo nh to iu kin cho vic hp knh tc cao c d dng. Nhm mt mt vi knh o thnh mt ng
o nhm gip cho vic nh tuyn c d dng.
3.4. Cu trc t bo ATM
3.4.1.Tng vt l: l giao din in t hoc vt l, cc tc ng truyn, v nhng c tnh vt l khc. ATM c lp
vi bt k phng tin truyn no. Tng vt l ca ATM khng nh ngha bt k mt phng tin ring no. ATM h
tr nhiu phng tin khc nhau, bao gm c nhng phng tin hin c c dng trong nhng h thng lin lc khc.
Cc nh cng nghip c xu hng dng SONET (Synchronous Optical Network Mng Quang ng b) nh phng
tin truyn vt l ATM cho c cc ng dng LAN v WAN. ATM Forum (Din n ATM) th ang ngh dng FDDI
(100 Mbit/s), Fibre Channel (155 Mbit/s), OC3 SONET (155 Mbit/s), v T3 (45 Mbit/s) lm giao din vt l cho ATM.
Hin ti, hu ht cc hng truyn ti ang dng ng ni T3 vo cc mng ATM ca h.
3.4.2.Tng ATM: l nh dng cell, cch thc cc cell c truyn, v cch x l tt nghn. N cng nh ngha s thit
lp, nh tuyn v hy b ca knh o, cng nh kim sot li. ATM cell c hai dng header. Mt l UNI (User Network
Interface - Giao din Mng Ngi dng), c dng trong nhng cell do ngi dng gi, v NNI (Network-to-Network
Interface - Giao din Mng-n-Mng), c gi bi nhng b chuyn mch n cc b chuyn mch khc. NNI cell
khng c trng GFC (Generic Flow Control - iu khin Dng Tng qut). ATM cell di 53 byte; 48 byte dng cho d
liu v 5 byte dng cho thng tin header. trong header cha
thng tin knh v thng tin ng i gip nh hng cell n ch
ca n. Thng tin c cha trong mi trng (field) ca tiu
c nh ngha nh sau : GFC Trng ny vn cha c nh
ngha trong tiu UNI cell v ngay c trong tiu NNI cell. VPI
(Virtual Path Identifier - Phn t nh danh ng o) nh dng
nhng ng o gia cc ngi dng hay gia cc ngi dng v
cc mng. VCI (Virtual Channel Identifier - Phn t nh danh
Knh o) nh dng knh o gia cc ngi dng hay gia ngi
dng v mng. PTI (Payload Type Indicator - B ch th Kiu Ti-
thu) Ch ra kiu ca thng tin trong vng d liu ca cell, cho bit l thng tin ca ngi dng, thng tin mng, hay
thng tin qun l. CLP (Cell Loss Priority - Quyn u tin Hy Cell) nh ngha cch thc hy b nhng cell no
nu tc nghn mng xy ra. Trng ny cha nhng gi tr u tin, vi 0 ch ra rng cell c u tin cao nht.
HEC (Header Error Control - iu khin Li Tiu ) Cung cp thng tin cho vic pht hin v sa sai nhng li n
bit.
3.4.3.Tng Thch nghi ATM: c nh ngha qui trnh chuyn i thng tin t nhng tng cao hn thnh cc ATM
cell. Trong mi trng mng, n cung cp giao din cho vic chuyn cc khung thnh cc cell cho Ethernet, Token Ring,
v nhng giao thc mng khc. AAL tp trung cc gi d liu t cc tng cao hn vo cc ATM cell. AAL c nhiu kiu
v tng iu hnh dch v khc nhau ph hp vi nhng kiu lu thng khc nhau. Cc tng dch v phn loi cc ng
dng da trn phng php cc bit c truyn, bng thng v nhng kiu kt ni i hi. Kiu 1: Mt dch v CRB
(constant bit rate - tc bit khng i) hng kt ni vi vic qui nh thi gian cho cc ng dng audio v video.
Kiu 2: Mt dch v VBR (variable bit rate - tc bit thay i) cho cc ng dng thi gian thc trong nhng mt
mc nh l c th chp nhn, v cho nhng ng dng khng thi gian thc, nh x l giao dch. Kiu : Mt dch v
ABR (available bit rate - tc bit c sn) cho cc ng dng khng quan trng v thi gian nh lin mng LAN hay gi
lp LAN. Mt mc dch v c bn lun lun sn sng, v bng thng d phng cho nhng cao im lu thng, nu bng
thng mng vn cn. Kiu 5. Mt dch v UBR (unspecified bit rate - tc bit khng c ch r) cung cp bng thng
rnh cho nhng dch v khng quan trng nh truyn tp tin.

3.6.u im ca ATM:Ghp knh khng ng b (TDMA) v thng k cho mi kiu lu lng.Gn rng knh rt
linh hot v mm do. Gim lu lng v gi thnh nh lin kt truyn cc t bo trc khi truyn. T bo ATM c kch
thc c nh v kt hp vi ghp knh, gip cho vic t hp nhiu ngun tn hiu khc nhau trn mt ng truyn
c d dng, t cc nh khai thc c th cung cp nhiu dch v cho khch hng trn cng mt ng truyn.
3.7.Cc nhc im ca ATM: Tr ng truyn do khng ng b im chuyn mch v cc thit b tch/ghp knh.
Tn hiu thoi s b nh hng rt nhiu nu xy ra tr ny.

ti 10: SIP, MGCP v SIGTRAN
CHNG 1. GIAO THC KHI TO PHIN SIP (Session Initiation Protocol)
1.1- Tng quan: l giao thc iu khin bo hiu thuc lp ng dng c s dng thit lp, duy tr v kt thc
cc phin multimedia hay cc cuc gi qua mng IP ca mt hay nhiu ngi tham gia. SIP l giao thc n gin
da trn vn bn c h tr cung cp cc dch v thoi qua internet. SIP lin kt vi cc giao thc IETF khc nh
SAP (giao thc thng bo phin), SDP (giao thc m t phin), RSVP (giao thc gi trc ti nguyn), RTP (giao
thc truyn ti thi gian thc), RTSP (giao thc phn phi dng tin a phng thc) cung cp mt s lng ln cc
dch v VoIP. SIP c 5 tnh nng sau: Tch hp vi cc giao thc c ca IETF. n gin v c kh nng m
rng. H tr ti a s di ng ca u cui. D dng to tnh nng mi cho dch v mi. Kh nng lin kt hot
ng vi mng in thoi hin ti.
1.2- Chc nng ca SIP: nh v ngi dng (User location): xc nh h thng u cui c s dng trong
truyn thng. Xc nh kh nng ngi dng (User capabilities): xc nh phng tin v cc thng s s dng.
Tnh kh dng ngi dng (User Availability): xc nh s sn sng ca bn c gi tin hnh truyn thng.
Thit lp cuc gi (Call setup): chung, thit lp thng s cuc gi ti c pha b gi v ch gi. X l cuc gi
(Call handling): bao gm chuyn ti v kt thc cuc gi.
1.3- Cc thnh phn SIP: User Agent l thit b u cui, c th l mt my in thoi SIP hay mt my tnh chy
phn mm u cui SIP. UA c th khi to, thay i hay hy cuc gi. Bao gm: UAC(User Agent Client) v
UAS(Server). UAC thc hin vic khi to mt cuc gi cn UAS thc hin vic nhn cuc gi. Nhng c UAC v
UAS u c th gii phng cuc gi. Proxy Server l phn mm trung gian hot ng c Server v Client thc
hin cc yu cu thay th cho cc u cui khc. Tt c cc yu cu c x l bi Proxy Server hoc chuyn n
cho cc my ch khc. Location Server l phn mm nh v thu bao, cung cp thng tin v v tr ca pha b gi
cho cc phn mm Proxy Server v Redirect Server. Redirect Server l phn mm nhn yu cu SIP v chuyn i
a ch SIP sang a ch khc v gi nhng a ch ny cho u cui. Redirect Server khng thc hin vic chp
nhn hay hu cuc gi. Registrar Server l phn mm nhn cc yu cu ng k Register. Trong nhiu trng hp
Registrar Server m nhim lun mt s chc nng an ninh nh xc nhn ngi s dng. Thng thng n c
ci t cng vi Proxy hoc Redirect Server hoc cung cp dch v nh v thu bao.
1.4- Cc phng thc SIP: c 6 phng thc chnh qun l mt phin c bn: INVITE: y l phng thc dng
mi mt user hay dch v kt ni cuc gi. ACK: Cho bit ng dng khch nhn yu cu INVITE. OPTIONS:
c s dng khi c yu cu i vi server v vic xc nh c tnh cuc gi. BYE: Kt thc cuc gi gia hai
ngi s dng. REGISTER: ng dng khch ng k a ch SIP server. CANCEL: hy b yu cu va gi. INFO:
c s dng mang thng tin gia cuc gi.
1.5- Cc m tr li thng dng nht: 100 trying. Yu cu nhn ti mt server chng k tip. M ny c tr
v t proxy server hoc server trung gian khc trn ng bo hiu cuc gi. 180 Ringing. 181 call forwarding.
Nu proxy server tr v m ny, n ang chuyn cuc gi. 182 Queued for services. Cc ng dng c th tr hon
tr li cuc gi cho n khi n phc v cc cuc gi ang xp hng. 183 session progress. 200 OK, yu cu c
thc thi thnh cng. 400 Bad request. Li c php thng ip. 401 User yu cu xc thc trc khi thc hin yu
cu ny. 403 forbidden. Nhn c khi c gng gi mt s khng c chp nhn t thu bao ca chng ta. 404
khng tm thy user. 408 Request time out. 500 li server. 600 Buy. 603 decline. 604 does not Exist
1.4. Cc loi bn tin SIP: Bn tin yu cu (Request): t Client ti Server. Bn tin phc p (Response) t
Server tr li cho Client. Cu trc bn tin SIP: Start line: Mi bn tin SIP c bt u vi mt Start Line, Start
line c th l Request-Line (trong request) hoc l Status-Line (trong response). Headers: c s dng vn
chuyn cc thuc tnh ca bn tin v thay i
ngha ca bn tin. Body: c s dng m t
phin c khi to hoc c s dng mang
d liu di dng text hoc nh phn lin quan
n phin .
1.5- Thit lp v hu cuc gi SIP
Hai in thoi khng qua Proxy: My gi
gi mt tn hiu mi (INVITE). My c gi gi
tr mt thng tin hi p 100-Th. Khi my c
gi bt u chung, mt tn hiu hi p 180-
chung c gi tr. Khi bn gi nhc my,
my c gi gi mt tn hiu hi p 200-OK.
My gi hi p vi ACK tip nhn. Lc ny
cuc gi ch thc c truyn di dng d liu
thng qua RTP. Khi ngi gi dp my, mt yu
cu BYE c gi n cho my gi. My gi phn hi vi tn hiu 200 -OK.
Thit lp cuc gi thng qua SIP proxy server: Bc 1: User UAC1 mun kt ni n i tng gi. ti
thi im ny.ng dng chy trn UAC1 to ra mt thng ip INVITE v gi n proxy. a ch proxy c cu
hnh trc trong chng trnh. Bc 2: Proxy nhn yu cu
bng cch lng nge trn cng 20050/UDp. N tr li ngay
lp tc mt p ng 100 ( TRYING) yu cu i client kt
ni . sau chuyn qua bc 3. Bc 3: Proxy kim tra
yu cu INVITE. Xc nh my ni m i tng gi ng
nhp vo va chuyn INVITE n my . Bc 4: UAC2
tr li li proxy vi mt p ng 100 ( TRYING). Bc 5:
UAC2 gi 1 p ng 180 (RINGING) n proxy cho bit
tnh trng ang chung. Bc 6: Proxy chuyn 180
(RINGING) n UAC1. Bc 7: UAC1 nhn 180
(RINGING), lp tc pht ra tn hiu chung ch. Bc 8:
i tng gi UAC2 bt my. UAC2 bo proxy tn hiu
bt my vi 200 (OK). Bc 9: proxy chuyn 200(OK) n
UAC1. Bc 10: UAC1 gi yu cu ACK n proxy xc
nhn rng nhn 200 (OK). Bc 11: proxy chuyn ACK
n UAC2. Bc 12: UAC1 pht ra lung RTP vi UAC2
v bt u truyn m thnh. Bc 13,14: i tng gi ti
UAC1 cp my trc .UAC1 pht ra yu cu BYE v gi
n UAC2 thng qua proxy. Bc 15:,16: UAC2 nhn
c yu cu BYE ca UAC1 .n phn hi 200( OK) .kt thc cuc gi.
Hot ng Proxy Server: Client SIP cuong@gmail.com gi bn tin INVITE cho tuan mi tham gia cuc
gi. Gm cc bc sau: Bc 1: cuong gi bn tin INVITE cho tuan min yahoo.com, bn tin ny n Proxy
server SIP ca min yahoo.com. Bc 2: Proxy server ca min yahoo.com s tham kho server nh v quyt
nh v tr hin ti ca tuan. Bc 3: Server nh v tr li li v tr hin ti ca tuan. Bc 4: Proxy server gi bn
tin INVITE ti tuan. Proxy server thm a ch bn tin INVITE. Bc 5: UAS ca tuan p ng cho server Proxy vi
bn tin 200 OK. Bc 6: Proxy server s gi bn tin 200 OK p tr v cho cuong. Bc 7: cuong gi bn tin ACK
cho tuan thng qua Proxy Server. Bc 8: Proxy server chuyn bn tin ACK cho tuan. Bc 9: Sau khi c 2 bn
ng tham gia cuc gi, thit lp mt knh RTP/RTCPg ia 2 im cui truyn tn hiu thoi. Bc 10: Sau khi
qu trnh truyn dn hon tt, phin lm vic b
xa bng cch bn tin ACK v BYE gia 2 im
cui.
Hot ng Redirect Server: Bc 1: Redirect
server nhn c yu cu t cuong. Bc 2:
Redirect server truy vn n Location Server
nh v a ch ca tuan. Bc 3: Location
Server tr li a ch ca tuan cho Redirect
server. Bc 4: Redirect server tr li a ch
ca tuan n ngi gi cuong.N khng pht
yu cu INVITE nh Proxy Server. Bc 5:
UAC cuong gi li bn tin ACK cho Redirect
Server xc nhn trao i thnh cng. Bc
6: Ngi gi cuong gi yu cu INVITE trc
tip n a ch c tr bi Redirect Server
.Ngi b gi tuan p ng vi ch th thnh
cng (200 OK), v ngi gi p tr bn tin
ACK xc nhn.Cuc gi c thit lp.
Qu trnh thit lp v hy mt phin kt ni:
ng k, khi to, xc nh v tr ngi s dng.
Xc nh bng thng cn thit c s dng.
Xc nh s sn sng ca pha c gi, pha
c gi phi gi 1 bn tin phn hi cuc gi:
chp nhn hay t chi. Cuc gi c thit lp.
Chnh sa cuc gi v duy tr. Kt thc cuc
gi.
1.6- nh gi: n gin ho c ch bo hiu v iu khin cuc gi cho VoIP. SIP l giao thc dng text, c cu
trc n gin cc thit b u cui d dng phn tch v sa i. u im: -Tnh m rng. -Cho php to cc
thit b u cui mt cch n gin v d dng m vn m bo chi ph thp. nhc im: - SIP l giao thc rt
mi, cn c tip tc hon thin. - N ch cp ti mt phm vi hp trong ton b phin truyn thng nn cn
phi c kt hp vi cc giao thc khc trong qu trnh xy dng mt h thng hon chnh. - Kh nng giao tip
vi mng chuyn mch knh km.
CHNG 2. Giao thc iu khin cng phng tin MGCP (Media Gateway Controll Protocol)
2.1 Tng quan: MGCP l giao thc mc ng dng dng iu khin hot ng ca MG. y l mt giao thc
s dng phng thc master/slave. Trong MGC ng cai tr m master, hay MGC l yu t quyt nh chnh
trong qu trnh lin lc vi MG, cn MG l slave l thc th th ng thc hin mi lnh do MGC yu cu.
2.2 Cc thnh phn: C 2 thnh phn c bn s dng giao thc MGCP l MGC v MG. Mi MGC c mt s nhn
dng ring gi l Call Agent Identifier.
2.3 Cc khi nim c bn: im cui (Endpoint): l nhng ni thu v nhn d liu . V d: cng DS0, cng
analog, giao din trung k ATM OS3Kt ni (Connection): l s kt ni truyn thng tin gia cc im cui.
Mi kt ni c mt s nhn dng c to bi MG. MGCP dng giao thc Session Description Protocol m t
mt kt ni. Tn hiu (Signal): l tn hiu s dng trong qu trnh bo hiu thc hienj mt cuc gi. V d:
dial tone, ringing tone, busy toneS kin (Event): l cc s vic xy ra v lm thay i trng thi ca thu bao
. V d: nhc my(off hook), gc my(on hook)Gi (Pakage) : L mt nhm cc tn hiu v s kin c s dng
trong qu trnh thc hin mt cuc gi.
MGCP nh ngha 3 bo hiu:
2.5 Thit lp cuc gi MGCP: Trnh t thit lp cuc gi gia hai my in thoi A in thoi B nh sau: Khi my
in thoi A c nhc ln Gateway A gi bn tin cho MGC. Gateway A to m mi quay s v nhn s b gi. S
b gi c gi cho MGC. MGC gi lnh cho Gateway B: Gateway B chung my B. MGC gi lnh cho
Gateway A v B to phin kt ni RTP/RTCP.
2.6 nh gi MGCP: u im: dng trin khai ln, cc h thng phc tp. N cho php tch hp tt vi mng SS7,
to s thun tin cho qu trnh iu khin v x l cc cuc gi. Nhc im: qu phc tp i vi cc ng dng
nh. Ngoi ra n ch tp trung vo vic chuyn i gia cc lung phng thc.
ti 11: Bo hiu H.323
1.1. Gii thiu v bo hiu: l qu trnh trao i thng tin thit lp v iu khin mt kt ni hoc qun l mng.
Mng NGN c cc loi bo hiu: Cuc gi: SIP, H.323. Gia MGC-MG, gia MGC-server: MGCP, Megaco/
H.248. Bo hiu cho PSTN: SIGTRAN. Bo hiu QoS
SIP c xy dng bi IETF, l mt giao thc bo hiu iu khin thuc lp ng dng dng thit lp, iu
chnh v kt thc phin lm vic ca mt hay nhiu ngi tham gia. MGCP l mt giao thc dng iu khin
hot ng ca MG. SIGTRAN dng truyn tin bo hiu ca mng PSTN qua mng IP. Megaco tng t vi
MGCP v mt cu trc v mi lin h gia b iu khin v cng GW, nhng h tr a dng hn cc loi mng.Cc
giao thc ny c th phn thnh 2 loi: cc giao thc ngang hng (H.323,SIP, BICC) v cc giao thc ch/t
(MGCP, MEGACO/H.248).
2.2.1. Thit b u cui : Thit b u cui H.323 l cc im cui pha khch hng, cung cp giao din trc tip
gia ngi dng v mng.
2.2.2. Gateway: l phn t ty chn khng nht thit phi c trong giao tip phn t H.323, n ng vai tr lm
phn t cu ni v tham gia vo cuc gi c s chuyn tip t mng H.323 (LAN, Internet) sang mng phi H.323
(SCN, PSTN). L cu ni u cui H.323 vi H.310 (B-ISDN), H.320(ISDN), H.321 (ATM), H.324M
(Mobile).GW c 2 loi: Tng t, K thut s.
Media Gateway: cung cp phng tin thc hin chc nng chuyn i m ho. N chuyn i gia cc m truyn
trong mng IP (truyn trn RTP/UDP/IP) vi m ho truyn trong mng SCN (PCM, GSM)MGW c chc nng
sau: Chc nng chuyn i a ch knh thng tin, chuyn i lung, dch m ho, Bo mt thng tin, Kt cui
chuyn mch knh, Kt cui chuyn mch gi, Giao din vi mng SCN, chuyn i knh thng tin gia IP v SCN,
qun l, Giao din mng chuyn mch gi.

Media Gateway Controler: l phn t kt ni MGW, SGW v GK. Cung cp cc chc nng x l cuc gi cho
GW, iu khin MGW, nhn thng tin bo hiu SCN t SGW v thng tin bo hiu t GK.
Signalling Gateway: cung cp v h tr chc nng knh bo hiu gia mng IP v mng SCN. SGW c chc
nng sau: Kt ni cc giao thc iu khin cuc gi SCN. Kt ni bo hiu t mng SCN: phi hp hot ng vi
cc chc nng bo hiu ca MGWC. Chc nng bo hiu: chuyn i gia bo hiu mng IP vi bo hiu mng
SCN khi phi hp hot ng vi MGWC. Bo mt knh bo hiu: bo m tnh bo mt ca knh bo hiu t GW.
Chc nng thng bo: ghi cc bn tin s dng, xc nh v ghi cc bn tin thng bo ra thit b ngoi vi.
Chc nng ca Gateway: Chuyn i gia cc dng khung truyn dn. Chuyn i gia cc th tc giao tip.
Chuyn i gia cc dng m ho khc nhau ca cc lung tn hiu hnh nh cng nh m thanh. Thc hin vic
thit lp v xo cuc gi c pha mng LAN cng nh pha mng chuyn mch SCN. Gateway khi hot ng s c
c im ca mt thit b u cui H.323 hoc mt MCU trong mng LAN v c c im ca mt thit b u cui
trong SCN hoc mt MCU trong SCN. Ngoi ra, n cn tham gia vo vic thit lp v hu b cuc gi.
2.2.3. Gatekeeper : l mt thc th tu chn trong mng H.323 cung cp cc chc nng bin dch a ch v iu
khin truy nhp mng cho cc thit b u cui H.323, GW v MCU. Ngoi ra, cung cp cc dch v khc cho cc
phn t mng trn nh qun l bng thng hay nh v cc GW.. Chc nng ca mt GK c phn lm 2 loi: -
Cc chc nng bt buc: Bin dch a ch: bin dch t a ch danh nh sang a ch truyn ti. iu khin ng
nhp: qun l qu trnh truy nhp mng ca cc im cui bng cc bn tin H.225.0. iu khin bng thng: qun
l bng thng ca mng bng cc bn tin H.225.0. Qun l vng: GK s cung cp cc chc nng trn cho cc u
cui c ng k vi n.- Chc nng khng bt buc: Bo hiu iu khin cuc gi: quyt nh c tham gia vo
qu trnh bo hiu cho cuc gi hay khng. Cp php cho cuc gi: quyt nh c cho php cuc gi c tin hnh
hay khng. Qun l bng tn. Qun l cuc gi. Sa i a ch nh danh .Bin dch s c quay: chuyn cc s
c quay sang s E.164 hay s mng ring. Qun l cu trc d liu
Ch hot ng: Ch trc tip: GK ch c nhim v cung cp a ch ch m khng tham gia kt ni. Chn
ng: GK l thnh phn trung gian, chuyn tip thng tin trao i gia cc bn.

2.2.4. MCU - Multipoint Control Unit: l thnh phn h tr trong dch v hi ngh a im c s tham gia ca t 2
terminal H.323 tr ln. Mi terminal tham gia vo hi ngh u phi thit lp mt kt ni vi MCU. MCU bao gm
hai thnh phn:.
2.2.5. Vng hot ng: Mt vng hot ng H.323 l tp hp tt c cc u cui, cc GW v cc MCU chu s
qun l duy nht ca mt GK.
CHNG 3: CC GIAO THC THUC H.323
- Nhm th nht c nhim v trao i tn hiu gia cc thnh phn ca mng H.323, m bo cho mt endpoint
c th thit lp c cuc thoi vi mt endpoint khc. Bao gm: RAS, Q.931, H.245.
- Nhm th hai chu trch nhim m bo truyn dng ting ni c tnh thi gian thc qua mng, Bao gm :
Audio CODECs, Video CODEC, RTP, RTCP

3.1. Giao thc bo hiu RAS (H225.0) (Registration, Admission and Status) c s dng thc hin vic ng
k, qun l vic tham gia ca cc im cui, thay i bng thng, trao i trng thi v loi b ng k gia cc
im cui vi GK. Cung cp cc th tc iu khin tin cuc gi trong mng H.323 c GK. Knh bo hiu RAS
c thit lp gia cc u cui v cc GK trc cc knh khc. N c lp vi knh bo hiu cuc gi v knh
iu khin H.245. Giao thc bo hiu cuc gi H.225: l giao thc cho php thit lp v kt thc cuc gi, h trc
cc chc nng bo hiu cho mt cuc gi, c s dng thit lp knh kt ni gia cc im cui
3.3. Giao thc iu khin cuc gi H.245: l giao thc cho php thng nht phng thc truyn thng gia cc
im cui v thit lp knh logic d liu ting ni truyn qua knh ny. Dng trao i cc bn tin iu khin
H.245 t u cui n u cui. Cc bn tin H.245 dng trao i v kh nng ca cc terminal v dng yu
cu m hay ng cc knh lun l.
3.4. Giao thc truyn ti thi gian thc RTP: Giao thc ny cung cp cc dch v truyn ti thoi v hnh nh.
3.5. Giao thc iu khin thi gian thc RTCP: Giao thc ny cung cp cc thng tin trng thi v iu khin
cht lng cuc thoi ti cc bn tham gia. Chc nng c bn ca RTCP l cung cp s phn hi v cht lng ca
vic phn phi d liu, ng b ha thoi v hnh nh RTC v RTCP hot ng lp UDP.

RAS


CHNG 4: X L CUC GI H.323
Giai on 1 - Thit lp cuc gi. Trong giai on ny cc phn t trao i vi nhau cc bn tin theo mt trong cc
th tc c trnh by sau y: C hai thit b u cui u khng ng k vi Gatekeeper: Hai thit b u cui
trao i trc tip vi nhau. C hai thu bao u ng k ti mt Gatekeeper: C 2 tnh hung xy ra l Gatekeeper
chn phng thc truyn bo hiu trc tip gia 2 thu bao hoc bo hiu cuc gi c nh tuyn qua
Gatekeeper. Ch c mt trong 2 thu bao c ng k vi Gatekeeper: Bo hiu cuc gi c truyn trc tip gia
hai thu bao.
Giai on 2 - Thit lp knh iu khin Sau khi trao i tn hiu thit lp cuc gi, cc u cui s thit lp knh
iu khin H.245. Knh iu khin ny c th do thu bao b gi hoc thu bao gi thit lp. Trong trng hp
khng nhn c tn hiu kt ni hoc mt u cui gi tn hiu kt thc th knh iu khin H.245 s b ng.
Giai on 3 - Thit lp knh truyn thng o Sau khi xc nh master-slaver th knh iu khin knh H.245 s thc
hin vic m knh logic (H.225) truyn thng tin. Sau khi m knh logic th mi u cui truyn tn hiu xc
nh thng s truyn.
Giai on 4 - Dch v rng bng tn: rng bng tn ca mt cuc gi c Gatekeeper thit lp trong thi
gian thit lp trao i. Trng thi: gim st trng thi hot ng ca u cui, Gatekeeper lin tc trao i tn
hiu vi cc u cui do n kim sot. Trong khong thi gian din ra cuc gi, mt u cui hoc Gatekeeper c
th u n hi trng thi t u cui bn kia bng cch gi tn hiu yu cu. u cui nhn c tn hiu s p tr
trng thi hin thi.
Giai on 5 - Kt thc cuc gi Mt thit b u cui c th kt thc cuc gi theo cc bc sau: 1. Dng truyn
lung tn hiu video khi kt thc truyn mt nh, sau ng tt c cc knh logic phc v truyn video. 2. Dng
truyn d liu v ng tt c cc knh logic dng truyn d liu. 3. Dng truyn audio sau ng tt c cc
knh logic dng truyn audio. 4. Truyn tn hiu trn knh iu khin H.245 bo cho thu bao u kia bit n
mun kt thc cuc gi. Sau n dng truyn cc bn tin H.245 v ng knh iu khin H.245. 5. N s ch
nhn tn hiu kt thc t thu bao u kia v s ng knh iu khin H.245. 6. Nu knh bo hiu cuc gi ang
m, th n s truyn i tn hiu ngt sau ng knh bo hiu. 7. N cng c th kt thc cuc gi theo cc th tc
sau: Mt u cui nhn tn hiu kt thc m trc n khng truyn i tn hiu yu cu, n s ln lt thc hin
cc bc t 1 n 6 trn ch b qua bc 5. Trong mt cuc gi khng c s tham gia ca Gatekeeper th ch cn
thc hin cc bc t 1 n 6. Nhng trong cuc gi c s tham gia ca Gatekeeper th cn c hot ng gii phng
bng tn. V vy sau khi thc hin cc bc t 1 n 6, mi u cui s truyn tn hiu ti Gatekeeper. Sau
Gatekeeper s c tn hiu p tr. Sau u cui s khng gi tn hiu ti Gatekeeper na v khi cuc gi kt
thc.
Xt trng hp cuc gi im- im n gin nht, khi bo hiu cuc gi khng nh tuyn ti Gatekeeper.
Trc ht, c hai u cui H.323 phi c ng k ti cc Gatekeeper
u cui A gi yu cu ti Gatekeeper ngh thit lp cuc gi
GATEWAY gi cho u cui A thng tin cn thit v u cui B v chp nhn thit lp cuc gi
u cui A gi bn tin SETUP ti u cui B
u cui B tr li bn tin Call Proceeding v ng thi lin lc vi Gatekeeper xc nhn quyn thit lp cuc
gi.
u cui B gi bn tin Alerting v Connect
Hai u cui trao i mt s bn tin H.245 xc nh ch t, kh nng x l ca u cui v thit lp kt ni
RTP

So snh gia H.323 v SIP: Gia H.323 v SIP c nhiu im tng ng. C hai u cho php iu khin, thit
lp, v hy cuc gi. C hai u h tr cc dch v cn thit. SIP l mt giao thc tng i mi so vi H.323, do
n trnh c mt s khuyt im v c nhiu u im hn H.323 trong ng dng cho VoIP. Mt khc SIP c
thit k cho Internet l loi hnh mng best-effort nn n c kh nng nh a ch tt hn v trnh c s phc tp
m rng khi phm vi ca cc mng vin thng ngy cng c m rng. SIP gn nh v ph thng gn ging nh
giao thc HTTP trn Internet. H.323 s dng m ho nh phn cho cc bn tin dng Binary trn nn tng cu trc
ASN.1 cn SIP l giao thc da trn nn tng text nh HTTP. H.323 a ra phng php nh a ch, k thut pht
hin vng trong vic tm kim cc tn min phc tp, chc nng ny b gii hn v kh m rng khi phm vi mng
tng nhanh. iu ny gy kh khn trong vic gim st trng thi cc bn tin. Tuy nhin SIP c chc nng rt hiu
qu trong vic s dng tuyn ng lu trong Header bn tin SIP v do c th x l d dng cc bn tin li.

ti 12: Dch v trong NGN

3- Cc vn v dch v
3.1 Bo mt: C nhiu thnh phn yu cu v bo mt mc cao trong mng NGN: Khch hng/ thu bao cn
phi c tnh ring t trong mng v cc dch v c cung cp, bao gm c vic tnh cc. Cc nh mng, cc nh
cung cp dch v, cc nh cung cp truy nhp u cn phi bo mt bo v hot ng, vn hnh, ng thi c
th gip h phc v tt khch hng cng nh cng ng. Cc quc gia khc nhau yu cu v i hi tnh bo mt
bng cch a ra cc hng dn v to ra cc b lut m bo tnh sn sng ca dch v, cnh tranh lnh mnh
v tnh ring t.
Cc vn cn bo mt: T chi dch v, Nghe trm, Gi dng, Truy nhp tri php, Sa i thng tin, T chi
khch hng
Cc gii php tm thi: xc thc ti khon, ch k s, iu khin truy nhp, mng ring o, pht hin xm nhp,
ghi nht k v kim ton, m ha.
3.2 Cht lng dch v QoS: s dng yu giao thc MPLS.
Chng 3: Chuyn mach mm (Gio trnh NGN)
1. Nhc im ca chuyn mch knh: - Gi thnh chuyn mch ca tng i ni ht. - Dch v khng a dng,
khng c s phn bit dch v cho cc khch hng khc nhau. - Hn ch v kin trc mng, do kh khn trong
vic pht trin mng. - Ngoi ra khi mt tng i c sn xut th dung lng ca n l khng i. Do khi m
rng dung lng nhiu khi i hi n vic phi tng s cp chuyn mch, iu ny s nh hng n vic ng b,
bo hiu cng nhiu vn phc tp khc.
2. Khi nim chuyn mch mm: - L phng thc chuyn mch da trn c s tch ring chc nng x l cuc
gi khi chc nng chuyn mch vt l,c kh nng chuyn ti nhiu loi thng tin vi cc phng thc khc nhau. -
c thc hin bng phn mm m trn mt mi trng my tnh m ca h tng mng. - Chc nng x l cuc
gi do Media Gateway Controller m nhim. - Chc
nng chuyn mch vt l do Media Gateway thc hin
trn c s h tng mng

3. Cc thnh phn chnh chuyn mch mm: Thnh phn chnh ca chuyn mch mm Softswitch l b iu
khin cng thit b Media Gateway Controller (MGC). Bn cnh cn c cc thnh phn khc h tr hot ng
nh: Signaling Gateway (SG), Media Gateway (MG), Media Server (MS), Application Server (AS)/Feature Server
(FS).
4. u im chuyn mch mm: - Cho
c hi mi v doanh thu. - Thi gian
tip cn th trng ngn. - Kh
nng thu ht khch hng. - Gim chi ph
xy dng mng. - Gim chi ph iu
hnh mng. - S dng bng thng mt
cch hiu qu. - Qun l mng hiu qu.
- Ci thin dch v. - Tit kim khng
gian t thit b. - Cung cp mi trng
to lp dch v mm do. - An ton vn
u t:
5. Qu trnh thc hin cuc gi
chuyn mch knh: Qu trnh ny gm
nhng giai on sau: (1) Thu bao ch
gi (TBCG): nhc my. (2) Tng i
ch gi (TCG): gi m mi quay s
cho thu bao ch gi. (3) TBCG: quay
s. (4) TCG: thu s, phn tch v nh tuyn chuyn cuc gi n ch. Bn tin SS7 c chuyn n tng i
ch. (5) Tng i b gi (TBG): thu bn tin SS7, xc nh trng thi ca thu bao b gi (TBBG) (bn hay ri) v
cp tn hiu chung nu TBBG ri. ng thi cng gi bn tin SS7 thng bo cho TCG trng thi ca TBBG. (6)
TBBG: nhc my. (7) TBG thit lp kt ni, TCG bt u tnh cc. (8) TBCG v TBBG: m thoi. (9) TBCG
hoc TBBG t my: cuc gi kt thc. (10)TCG v TBG: ngng tnh cc, bn tin kt thc cuc gi c trao
i.
6. Qu trnh thc hin cuc gi chuyn mch mm: (1) Khi c mt thu bao nhc my (thuc PSTN) v chun b
thc hin cuc gi th tng i ni ht qun l thu bao s nhn bit trng thi nhc my ca thu bao. SG ni vi
tng i ny thng qua mng SS7 cng nhn bit c trng thi mi ca thu bao. (2) SG s bo cho MGC trc
tip qun l mnh thng qua CA-F, ng thi cung cp tn hiu mi quay s cho thu bao. Ta gi MGC ny l MGC
ch gi. (3) MGC ch gi gi yu cu to kt ni n MG ni vi tng i ni ht ban u nh MGC-F. (4) Cc con
s quay s ca thu bao s c SG thu v chuyn ti MGC ch gi. (5) MGC ch gi s dng nhng s ny
quyt nh cng vic tip theo s
thc hin. C th : cc s ny s
c chuyn ti chc nng R-F, R-F
s dng thng tin lu tr ca cc
my ch c th nh tuyn cuc
gi. Trng hp u cui ch cng
loi vi u cui gi i (tc u l
thu bao PSTN):- Nu thu bao b
gi cng thuc MGC ch gi, tin
trnh theo bc (7). - Cn nu thu
bao ny thuc s qun l ca mt
MGC khc, tin trnh theo bc (6).
(6) MGC ch gi s gi yu cu thit
lp cuc gi n mt MGC khc.
Nu cha n ng MGC ca thu
bao b gi (ta gi l MGC trung gian)
th MGC ny s tip tc chuyn yu
cu thit lp cuc gi n MGC khc
cho n khi n ng MGC b gi.
Trong qu trnh ny, cc MGC trung
gian lun phn hi li MGC gi
yu cu n n. Cc cng vic ny
c thc hin bi CA-F. (7) MGC
b gi gi yu cu to kt ni vi
MG ni vi tng i ni ht ca thu
bao b gi (MG trung gian). (8) ng
thi MGC b gi gi thng tin n
SG trung gian, thng qua mng SS7
xc nh trng thi ca thu bao b
gi. (9) Khi SG trung gian nhn c
bn tin thng bo trng thi ca thu bao b gi (gi s l ri) th n s gi ngc thng tin ny tr v MGC b gi.
(10) V MGC b gi s gi phn hi v MGC ch gi thng bo tin trnh cuc gi. (12) MGC b gi gi thng
tin cung cp tn hiu hi m chung cho MGC ch gi, qua SG ch gi n thu bao ch gi. (13) Khi thu bao b
gi nhc my th qu trnh thng bo tng t nh cc bc trn: qua nt bo hiu s 7, qua SG trung gian n
MGC b gi, ri n MGC ch gi, qua SG ch gi ri n thu bao thc hin cuc gi. (14) Kt ni gia thu bao
ch gi v thu bao b gi c hnh thnh thng qua MG ch gi v MG trung gian.. (15) Khi kt thc cuc gi th
qu trnh s din ra tng t nh thit lp cuc gi.
SO SNH HOT NG CA CHUYN MCH MM V CHUYN MCH KNH






Chng 2: Cu trc NGN (Gio trnh NGN)
1. Chin lc tin ha: Mng th h sau c t chc da trn cc nguyn tc c bn sau : p ng nhu cu cung
cp cc loi hnh dch v vin thng phong ph, a dng, a dch v, a phng tin. Mng c cu trc n gin.
Nng cao hiu qu s dng, cht lng mng li v gim thiu chi ph khai thc v bo dng. D dng m rng
dung lng, pht trin cc dch v mi. linh hot v tnh sn sng cao, nng lc tn ti mnh.
Do , vic xy dng mng th h mi NGN cn tun theo cc ch tiu : +NGN phi c kh nng h tr c cho cc
dch v ca mng Internet v ca mng hin hnh.+Mt kin trc NGN kh thi phi h tr dch v qua nhiu nh
cung cp khc nhau. +Mng tng lai phi h tr tt
c cc loi kt ni (hay cn gi l cuc gi), thit lp
ng truyn trong sut thi gian chuyn giao, c cho
hu tuyn cng nh v tuyn.
2. Cu trc lun l (Chc nng) mng NGN: Cu
trc mng mi bao gm cc lp chc nng sau :
- Lp nt ni (Access + Transport/ Core)
- Lp trung gian hay lp truyn thng (Media)
- Lp iu khin (Control)
- Lp qun l (Management)
2.1. M hnh phn lp chc nng NGN:
2.1.1 Lp truyn dn v truy nhp:
Phn truyn dn:
- Lp vt l : s dng k thut truyn dn quang vi
ghp knh bc sng quang DWDM.
- Lp 2 v lp 3 :Truyn dn trn mng li da vo
k thut gi cho tt c cc dch v vi cht lng dch
v QoS ty yu cu cho tng loi dch v. ATM hay
IP/MPLS c th c s dng lm nn cho truyn dn trn mng li m bo QoS. Mng li c th thuc mng
MAN hay mng ng trc. Cc router s dng bin mng li khi lu lng ln, ngc li, khi lu lng thp,
switch router c th m nhn lun chc nng ca nhng router ny.
- Thnh phn : Cc nt chuyn mch/ Router (IP/ATM hay IP/MPLS), cc chuyn mch knh ca mng PSTN, cc
khi chuyn mch PLM nhng mng ng trc, k thut truyn ti chnh l IP hay IP/ATM. C cc h thng
chuyn mch, h thng nh tuyn cuc gi.
- Chc nng : Lp truyn ti trong mng NGN bao gm
c chc nng truyn dn v chc nng chuyn mch. Lp
truyn dn c kh nng h tr cc mc QoS khc nhau
cho cng mt dch v v cho cc dch v khc nhau. N
c kh nng lu tr li cc s kin xy ra trn mng (kch
thc gi, tc gi, tr hon, t l mt gi v Jitter
cho php, i vi mng chuyn mch gi; bng thng,
tr hon i vi mng chuyn mch knh TDM). Lp
ng dng s a ra cc yu cu v nng lc truyn ti v
s thc hin cc yu cu .
Phn truy nhp:
- Lp vt l : Hu tuyn : Cp ng, xDSL hin ang s
dng. Tuy nhin trong tng lai truyn dn quang
DWDM, PON (Passive Optical Network) s dn dn
chim u th v th trng xDSL, modem cp dn dn
thu hp li. V tuyn : thng tin di ng - cng ngh
GSM hoc CDMA, truy nhp v tuyn c nh, v tinh.
Lp 2 v lp 3 : Cng ngh IP s lm nn cho mng truy
nhp.
- Thnh phn : gm cc thit b truy nhp ng vai tr giao din kt ni cc thit b u cui vo mng qua h
thng mng ngoi vi cp ng, cp quang hoc v tuyn. Cc thit b truy nhp tch hp IAD. Thu bao c th s
dng mi k thut truy nhp (tng t, s, TDM, ATM, IP,) truy nhp vo mng dch v NGN.
- Chc nng : cung cp cc kt ni gia thu bao u cui v mng ng trc ( thuc lp truyn dn) qua cng
giao tip MGW thch hp. Mng NGN kt ni vi cc thit b u cui chun v khng chun nh cc thit b truy
xut a dch v, in thoi IP,my tnh PC, tng i ni b PBX, in thoi POTS, in thoi s
2.1.2 Lp truyn thng:
- Thnh phn : Thit b lp truyn thng l cc cng truyn
thng (MG Media Gateway) bao gm : Cc cng truy nhp :
AG (Access Gateway) kt ni gia mng li vi mng truy
nhp, RG (Residental gateway) kt ni mng li vi mng
thu bao ti nh. Cc cng giao tip : TG (Trunking Gateway)
kt ni gia mng li vi mng PSTN/ISDN, WG (Wireless
Gateway) kt ni mng li vi mng di ng,...
- Chc nng : c kh nng tng thch cc k thut truy nhp
khc vi k thut chuyn mch gi IP hay ATM mng
ng trc.
2.1.3 Lp iu khin:
- Thnh phn: bao gm cc h thng iu khin m thnh
phn chnh l Softswitch cn gi l Media Gateway
Controller hay Call Agent c kt ni vi cc thnh
phn khc kt ni cuc gi hay qun l a ch IP nh :
SGW (Signaling Gateway), MS (Media Sever), FS
(Feature Server), AS (Application Server).
- Chc nng: c nhim v kt ni cung cp cc dch v
thng sut t u cui n u cui vi bt k loi giao
thc v bo hiu no.
Lp ng dng:
- Thnh phn : gm cc nt thc thi dch v SEN (Service
Excution Node), thc cht l cc server dch v cung cp
cc ng dng cho khch hng thng qua lp truyn ti.
- Chc nng :cung cp cc dch v c bng thng khc
nhau v nhiu mc . Mt s loi dch v s thc hin
lm ch vic thc hin iu khin logic ca chng v truy nhp trc tip ti lp ng dng, cn mt s dch v khc
s c iu khin t lp iu khin nh dch v thoi truyn thng. Lp ng dng lin kt vi lp iu khin thng
qua cc giao din m API. Nh m cc nh cung cp dch v c th pht trin cc ng dng v trin khai nhanh
chng trn cc dch v mng.
Lp vt l: l mt lp c bit xuyn sut cc lp t lp kt ni cho n lp ng dng. Ti lp qun l, ngi ta c
th trin khai k hoch xy dng mng gim st vin thng TMN, nh mt mng ring theo di v iu phi cc
thnh phn mng vin thng ang hot ng. Tuy nhin cn phn bit cc chc nng qun l vi cc chc nng iu
khin. V cn bn NGN s da trn cc giao din
m v cung cp rt nhiu loi hnh dch v trong
mt mng n, cho nn mng qun l phi lm
vic trong mt mi trng a nh u t, a nh
khai thc, a dch v. T nhng phn tch trn, ta
xy dng s cc thc th chc nng ca mng
NGN:








Thit lp cuc gi getkeeper ni vng:(1):u cui A quay s in thoi gi cho u cui B,(2):Getway A gi
cho gatekeeper mt bn tin ARQ, yu cu cho php gi ti u cui B,(3):Gatekeeper tm u cui B v tr li mt
bn tin ACF vi a ch IP ca GW B,(4:)GW A gi bn tin thit lp cuc gi Q.931 cho GW B vi s in thoi ca
u cui B,(5):GW B gi bn tin ARQ cho gatekeeper yu cu cho php tr li cuc gi ca GW A,(6):Gatekeeper tr
li bn tin ACF vi a ch IP ca GW A,(7):GW B thit lp cuc gi n u cui B,(8):Khi u cui B tr li GW B
gi kt ni Q.931 n GW A
BNG NH TUYN MPLS
R1 R2

R3
Router table Xr2 Xr3 xr
Lib(cso thong tin nhan) X25(quang ba sang 2
router bien) router loi

FIB(thong tin chua nhan) XR2 25 XR3 25
LFIB ( co so thong tin
chua nhan)
X25 X25

PHAN BIET IP ROUTER VA MPLS ROUTER
*****IP ROUTER : SU DUNG IP , SU DUNG GIAO THUC IP RIP , STATIC ROUTE . ,
*****MPLS ROUTER : SU DUNG IP , NHAN . SU DUNG NHU CHUYEN MACH IP + GIAO THUC
CHUYEN MACH NHAN ,, ROUTER BIEN DUNG DE DAT NHAN , THAO NHAN , ROUTER LOI QUANG
BA NHAN SANG 2 BIEN , SU DUNG GIAO THUC BGB , OSBF , TRUYEN GOI TIN THEO BAN DINH
TUYEN LAP SAN