CHUYN : S IN LI 2011

1 Created by: Trn Vn Trung

DNG 1: VIT PHNG TRNH IN LI.
Phng php:
- Phi xt cht in li l mnh hay yu, nu mnh dng du , yu dng du

- Kim loi v Hir thng mang in tch dng, phn cn li mang in tch m.
- Tng s in tch hai v ca phng trnh in li phi bng nhau.
- Axit yu, baz th vit tng nc.
- Mui axit th vit 2 giai on
Bi 1: Vit phng trnh in li ca cc cht sau y:
a.
2 4 3 2 4 3
H SO , HNO , H S, HCl, HClO , CH COOH.
b.
2 2
NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH) , Ba(OH) .
c.
2 2 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 4 2 3
NaCl, CuCl , Al (SO ) , FeCl , Mg(NO ) , K S, Na SO , K CO ,[Ag(NH
3
)
2
]Cl, [Cu(NH
3
)
4
](OH)
2

d.
3 4 4 2 2 2 4 3 3 4 2 4
NaClO, KClO , NaHSO , NH Cl, CaCl , NaClO , NaHS, Fe (SO ) , Na PO , Na HPO
e.
2 3 2 3 3 4 2 2 4
H CO , H SO , H PO , H C O .

DNG 2: TNH NNG MOL ION
Phng php:
Bc 1: Vit PT in li.
Bc 2: Tm s mol phn t hoc mol ion.
Bc 3: p dng cng thc tm nng mol cc ion.
Bi 1:Tm nng mol ca cc ion c trong dung dch. Bit trong 1,5 lt dung dch c ha tan 68,4 gam Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
.
Bi 2: Ha tan 34,2 gam Ba(OH)
2
vo nc c 500 ml dung dch.
a. Tnh nng mol ca cc ion c trong dung dch.
b. Tnh th tch dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,2M cn trung ha hon ton dung dch trn.
Bi 3: Ngi ta ha tan 24 gam MgSO
4
vo nc c 800 ml dung dch.
a. Tnh nng mol ca MgSO
4
v ca cc ion c trong dung dch.
b. Tnh th tch dung dch KOH 0,5M cn lm kt ta ht ion Mg
2+
.
c. Tnh th tch dung dch BaCl
2
0,5M cn lm kt ta ht ion
2-
4
SO .
Bi 4: Ngi ta ha tan 80,5 gam ZnSO
4
vo nc c 1500 ml dung dch.
a. Tnh nng mol ca ZnSO
4
v ca cc ion c trong dung dch.
b. Tnh th tch dung dch Na
2
S 0,5M cn lm kt ta ht ion Zn
2+
.
c. Tnh th tch dung dch BaCl
2
0,8M cn lm kt ta ht ion
2-
4
SO .
Bi 5: Trn ln 150 ml dung dch CaCl
2
0,5M vi 50 ml dung dch NaCl 2M. Tnh nng mol ca cc ion trong dung
dch thu c.
Bi 6: Trn ln 150 ml dung dch K
2
SO
4
0,5M vi 150 ml dung dch Na
2
SO
4
2M. Tnh nng mol ca cc ion trong
dung dch thu c.
Bi 7: Trn ln 150 ml dung dch Ca(OH)
2
0,5M vi 350 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Tnh nng mol ca cc ion trong
dung dch thu c.

DNG 3: AXIT BAZ (PHN NG TRUNG HA)
Phng php: Phn ng gia mt axit mnh vi mt baz mnh hoc hn hp nhiu axit mnh phn ng vi hn hp
nhiu baz mnh th u c chung mt phng trnh ion rt gn l:
+ -
2
H +OH H O
Bi 8: Trn ln 100 ml dung dch KOH 1M vi 100 ml dung dch HCl 0,5M th thu c dung dch D.
a. Tnh nng mol ca cc ion c trong dung dch D.
b. Tnh th tch dung dch H
2
SO
4
1M trung ha hon ton dung dch D.
Bi 9: Trn ln 100 ml dung dch KOH 1M vi 300 ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,5M th thu c dung dch D.
a. Tnh nng mol ca cc ion c trong dung dch D.
b. Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH 1M trung ha hon ton dung dch D.
Bi 10: Trn ln 300 ml dung dch KOH 1M vi 700 ml dung dch HI 1,5M th thu c dung dch D.
a. Tnh nng mol ca cc ion c trong dung dch D.
b. Tnh th tch dung dch Ba(OH)
2
1,5M trung ha hon ton dung dch D.
Bi 11: Dung dch X cha hn hp 2 axit HCl 0,4M v H
2
SO
4
0,1 M. Dung dch Y cha hn hp 2 hiroxit KOH 0,1M
v Ba(OH)
2
0,2M. Tnh th tch dung dch Y cn dng trung ho 200ml dung dch X v khi lng kt ta thu c.
CHUYN : S IN LI 2011

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Bi 12: trung ho 50 ml hn hp X gm HCl v H
2
SO
4
cn dng 20 ml dung dch NaOH 0,3M. C cn dung dch sau
khi trung ho thu c 0,381 gam mui khan.
a) Xc nh nng mol ca cc axit trong X. b) Tnh pH ca dung dch X.


DNG 4: TNH pH CA DUNG DCH
Phng php:
- Nu dung dch axit th tnh ngay [H
+
], cn dung dch baz th tnh [OH
-
] ri mi tnh [H
+
]=
-14
-
10
[OH ]

- Nu trn ln nhiu axit vi nhiu baz th tnh
H
n

,
OH
n

sau da vo pt:
+ -
2
H +OH H O . So snh
xem H
+
hay OH
-
d, ri tnh nng lng ny (quyt nh n pH ca dung dch ).
- V dung dch sau khi trn bng tng cc V .
- T [H
+
] = 10
-a
=> pH = a hoc pH = - lg[H
+
].

Bi 13: Tnh pH ca cc dung dch sau: HNO
3
0,001M; Ba(OH)
2
0,025M.
Bi 14: Ha tan 2,24 ml kh HCl vo nc thu c 100 ml dung dch HCl. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c.
Bi 15: Trn 15 ml dung dch NaOH 2M vi 50 ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,5M. Tnh nng mol/l ca cc ion trong dung
dch thu c v pH ca dung dch .
Bi 16: Trn ln 100 ml dung dch HCl 1M vi 100 ml dung dch KOH 0,5M thu c dung dch D.
a/ Tnh nng mol ca cc ion trong dung dch v pH ca dung dch.
b/ Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH 1M trung ha dung dch D.
Bi 17: Tnh nng mol ca ion H
+
v pH ca dung dch. Bit trong 100 ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
c ha tan 0,49 g H
2
SO
4
.
Bi 18: Trn 50 ml dung dch NaOH 0,12M vi 50 ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,1M. Tnh nng mol ca cc ion trong dung
dch thu c v pH ca dung dch .
Bi 19: Trn 200 ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,25M vi 300 ml dung dch cha NaOH 0,15M v KOH 0,1M. tnh pH ca dung
dch thu c.
Bi 20: (HA- 2004). Cho 40 ml dung dch HCl 0,75M vo 160 ml dung dch cha ng thi Ba(OH)
2
0,08M v KOH
0,04M. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c.
Bi 21: (CA-2005).Trn 10 g dung dch HCl 7,3% vi 20 g H
2
SO
4
4,9% ri thm nc c 100 ml dung dch A.
tnh nng mol ca ion H
+
v pH ca dung dch A.
Bi 22: Trn 1 lit dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,15M vi 2 lit dung dch KOH 0,165M thu c dung dch E. Tnh pH ca dung
dch thu c.
Bi 23: (CA-2006).
Cho dung dch A l hn hp: H
2
SO
4
2.10
-4
M v HCl 6.10
-4
M. Cho dung dch B l hn hp: NaOH 3.10
-4
M v Ca(OH)
2

3,5.10
-4
M.
a/ Tnh pH ca dung dch A v dung dch B.
b/ Trn 300 ml dung dch A vi 200 ml dung dch B c dung dch C. Tnh pH ca dung dch C.
Bi 24: (CB-SP TPHCM 2006).A l dung dch HCl 0,2M; B l dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,1M. Trn cc th tch bng nhau ca
A v B c dung dch X. tnh pH ca dung dch X.
Bi 25:Trn 300 ml dd HCl 0,5M vi 200 ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
b mol/l thu c 500 ml dung dch c pH = 1.Tnh gi
tr b.
Bi 26: (HQG TPHCM 2001).Trn 250 ml dung dch cha Ba(OH)
2
0,01M v KOH 0,02M vi 250 ml dung dch
H
2
SO
4
a mol/l thu c b g kt ta v 500 ml dung dch c pH = 2. Tnh a, b.
Bi 27: (CA-SP k Lk 2006). Cho 200 ml dung dch HNO
3
1M vo 600 ml dung dch cha ng thi NaOH
1M v Ca(OH)
2
0,1M. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c.
Bi 28: (H Quy Nhn 2001). Trn 250 ml dung dch Ca(OH)
2
1M vi 350 ml dung dch HNO
3
1M v HCl 2M. Tnh
pH ca dung dch thu c.
Bi 29: Ha tan 6,3 g HNO
3
vo nc c 500 ml dung dch A.
a/ Tnh pH ca dung dch A. b/ Tnh th tch dung dch KOH 2M trung ha dung dch A.
c/ 500 ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
0,2M vo dung dch A th pH bin i nh th no? Coi Ba(OH)
2
in li hon ton.
Bi 30: (HA-2007): Cho m gam hn hp Mg, Al vo 250 ml dung dch X cha hn hp axit HCl 1M v axit H
2
SO
4
0,5M, thu c 5,32 lt H
2
( ktc) v dung dch Y (coi th tch dung dch khng i). Dung dch Y c pH l
A. 1. B. 6. C. 7. D. 2.
Bi 31: (HA-2008):Trn ln V ml dung dch NaOH 0,01M vi V ml dung dch HCl 0,03 M c 2V ml dung dch
Y. Dung dch Y c pH l
A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 1.
CHUYN : S IN LI 2011

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Bi 32: ( HB-2008) : Trn 100 ml dung dch c pH = 1 gm HCl v HNO
3
vi 100 ml dung dch NaOH nng a
(mol/l) thu c 200 ml dung dch c pH = 12. Gi tr ca a l (bit trong mi dung dch [H
+
][OH
-
] = 10
-14
)
A. 0,15. B. 0,30. C. 0,03. D. 0,12.
Bi 33: (HB-2009): Trn 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm H
2
SO
4
0,05M v HCl 0,1M vi 100 ml dung dch hn
hp gm NaOH 0,2M v Ba(OH)
2
0,1M, thu c dung dch X. Dung dch X c pH l
A. 13,0. B. 1,2. C. 1,0. D. 12,8.


DNG 5: PHN NG TRAO I ION
phng php:
- iu kin: sn phm ca phn ng c cht kt ta, cht bay hi hoc cht in li yu.
- Trong dung dch, tng in tch dng lun lun bng tng in tch m.
- iu kin cc ion tn ti trong cng 1 dung dch l cc ion phi khng phn ng vi nhau to cht kt ta, cht
bay hi, cht in li yu.

1/ Trn nhng cht sau y, trng hp no xy ra phn ng? Vit phng trnh phn t, phng trnh ion v ion thu
gn.
1/ BaCl
2
v H
2
SO
4
.
2/ BaCl
2
v NaOH.
3/ NaCl v AgNO
3
.
4/ FeCl
2
v NaOH.
5/ Na
2
S v HCl.
6/ Na
2
SO
3
v HNO
3
.
7/ CuS v HCl.
8/ K
2
CO
3
v HCl.
9/ Na
2
S v CuSO
4

10/ Al(OH)
3
v HCl
11/Zn(OH)
2
v HNO
3

12/Zn(OH)
2
v NaOH
13/ CaCl
2
v AgNO
3

14/ Pb(NO
3
)
2
v Al
2
(SO
4
)
3

15/ Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
v NaOH
16/ CH
3
COONa v HCl
17/ (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
v Ba(OH)
2

18/ NH
4
Cl v Ba(OH)
2

19/ Ba(NO
3
)
2
v CuSO
4

20/ Al(OH)
3
v NaOH.

2/ B tc cc phn ng sau ri vit di dng ion v ion thu gn.

a/ BaCl
2
+ ? BaCO
3
+ ?
b/ FeS + ? FeSO
4
+ ?
c/ Na
2
CO
3
+ ? NaCl + ?
d/ AgNO
3
+ ? AgCl + ?
e/ Ba(NO
3
)
2
+ ? BaSO
4
+ ?
f/ ZnCl
2
+ ? AgCl + ?
g/ ZnSO
4
+ ? ZnS + ?
h/ FeCl
2
+ ? Fe(OH)
2
+ ?
i/ AgNO
3
+ ? Ag
2
CO
3
+ ?
j/ Ba(NO
3
)
2
+ ? BaCO
3
+ ?
k/ CaCO
3
+?CaCl
2
+ ? +?
l/ FeCl
3
+ ? Fe(OH)
3
+ ?
3/ Vit phng trnh phn t ca cc phn ng c phng trnh ion thu gn sau.
2- +
a/S +2H H S
2

3+ -
b/Fe +3OH Fe(OH)
3

2+ -
c/Mg +2OH Mg(OH)
2

2+ 2-
d/Ba +SO BaSO
4
4

+ -
e/Ag +Cl AgCl
+ -
f/H +OH H O
2

2+ -
g/Cu +2OH Cu(OH)
2

+ 2-
h/2H +CO CO +H O
2 2
3

i/ Pb
2+
+ S
2-
PbS
4/ Trong dung dch c th tn ti ng thi cc ion sau y c khng. Gii thch?
+ 2+ - - -
a/K ,Cu ,Cl ,NO ,OH
3

+ + 2+ - - -
b/K ,Na ,Ba ,Cl ,NO ,OH
3

+ 2+ 2+ 2- - -
c/Na ,Ca ,Ba ,CO ,Cl ,OH
3

+ + 2+ 2- -
d/Ag ,K ,Ca ,NO ,Cl
3

+ + -
e/ Na ,NH ,OH ,NH
4
3

+ + + - -
f/ Na ,K ,NH ,NO ,Cl
4 3

2+ 2+ - -
g/Ca ,Ba ,Cl ,OH
+ + 2+ - - -
h/K ,NH ,Ba ,Cl ,NO ,OH
4 3


DNG 6: P DNG NH LUT BO TON IN TCH.
phng php:
- Trong mt dung dch:

s mol in tch dng =

s mol in tch m
- Khi c cn mt dung dch mui: khi lng mui = khi lng cation (ion dng) + khi lng anion (ion m)

5. Mt dung dch cha a mol Na
+
, b mol Ca
2+
, c mol HCO

3
v d mol Cl
-
. Lp biu thc lin h gia a, b, c, d v cng
thc tng khi lng mui trong dung dch.
6. Trong mt dung dch c cha a mol Ca
2+
, b mol Mg
2+
, c mol Cl
-
, d mol SO
2
4
.
a) Lp biu thc lin h gia a, b, c, d.
b) Nu a = 0,1 ; c = 0,1 ; d = 0,3 th b bng bao nhiu ? T kt qu ny hy tnh tng khi lng cc mui c trong
dung dch.
7. Mt dung dch c cha 2 loi cation Fe
2+
(0,1 mol) v Al
3+
(0,2 mol) cng 2 loi anion l Cl
-
(x mol) v SO
2
4
(y mol).
Tnh x ,y . Bit rng khi c cn dung dch v lm khan thu c 46,9 gam cht kt ta.
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8. Mt dung dch cha x mol Cu
2+
, y mol K
+
; 0,03 mol Cl
-
v 0,02 mol SO
2
4
. Tng khi lng cc mui tan c trong
dung dch l 5,435 gam. Hy xc nh gi tr x v y.
9. Trong 200ml dung dch A c cha 0,2 mol ion Na
+
, 0,6 mol NH
4
+
, 0,4mol H
+
, 0,2mol Cl
-
, 0,5 mol SO
4
2-
. Dung dch B
cha hn hp hai hiroxit KOH 1M v Ba(OH)
2
2M. Cho 300ml dung dch B vo dung dch A, un nh. Tnh khi lng
dung dch gim sau phn ng.
10. Hy xc nh tng khi lng ca cc mui c trong dung dch A cha cc ion Na
+
, NH

4
, SO
2
4
, CO
2
3
. Bit rng :
- Khi cho dung dch A tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)
2
d v un nng thu c 0,34 gam kh c th lm xanh giy
qu m v 4,3 gam kt ta.
- Khi cho dung dch A tc dng vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
d th thu c 0,224 lt kh (ktc).
12. Dung dch A cha cc ion Na
+
, NH

4
, SO
2
4
, CO
2
3
.
a) Dung dch A trn c th iu ch t hai mui trung ho no ?
b) Chia dung dch A lm hai phn bng nhau :
- Phn th nht cho tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)
2
d ,un nng ta thu c 4,3 gam kt ta X v 470,4 ml kh Y
13,5
o
C v 1 atm.
- Phn th hai cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 235,2 ml kh 13,5
o
C v 1 atm. Tnh tng khi lng cc
mui trong dung dch A.
13. C hai dung dch, dung dch A v dung dch B. Mi dung dch ch cha 2 loi cation v 2 loi anion trong s cc ion
sau : K
+
(0,15 mol) ; Mg
2+
(0,1 mol) ; NH

4
(0,25 mol) ; H
+
(0,2 mol) ; Cl
-
(0,1 mol); SO
2
4
(0.075 mol) ; NO

3
(0,25 mol) ;
CO
2
3
(0,15 mol). Xc nh dung dch A v dung dch B.
14. Dung dch A cha a mol K
+
, b mol NH

4
, c mol HCO

3
, d mol SO
2
4
(khng k ion H
+
v OH
-
ca nc). Cho thm
(c+d+e) mol Ba(OH)
2

vo dung dch A thu c dung dch X , kh Y v kt ta Z. Coi Ba(OH)
2
in li hon ton. Tm
biu thc lin h a, b, c, d, e trong dung dch A v dung dch X.
15. Mt dung dch cha a mol NaHCO
3
v b mol Na
2
CO
3
.
a) Khi thm (a+b) mol BaCl
2
hoc (a+b) mol Ba(OH)
2
vo dung dch trn th khi lng kt ta thu c trong hai
trng hp c bng nhau khng ? Gii thch . Coi Ba(OH)
2
in li hon ton.
b) Tnh khi lng kt ta thu c trong trng hp a = 0,1 mol v b = 0,2 mol.
16. a) Mt dung dch A cha 0,03 mol Ca
2+
; 0,06 mol Al
3+
; 0,06 mol NO

3
; 0,09 mol SO
2
4
. Mun c dung dch ny th
phi ho tan hai mui no vo nc ? Gii thch.
b) Kt qu xc nh nng mol ca cc ion trong mt dung dch nh sau: [Na
+
] = 0,05 ; [Ca
2+
] = 0,01 ; [NO

3
] =
0,01 ; [Cl
-
] = 0,04 ; [HCO

3
] = 0,025. Kt qu trn ng hay sai ? V sao?
17.(
CA-2007
) Mt dung dch cha 0,02 mol Cu
2+
, 0,03 mol K
+
, x mol Cl

v y mol
2-
4
SO
Tng khi lng cc mui tan
c trong
dung dch l 5,435 gam. Gi tr ca x v y ln lt l (Cho O = 16; S = 32; Cl = 35,5; K = 39; Cu = 64)
A. 0,01 v 0,03. B. 0,03 v 0,02. C. 0,05 v 0,01. D. 0,02 v 0,05.
18.(CA-2008) Dung dch X cha cc ion: Fe
3+
, SO
4
2-
, NH
4
+
, Cl
-
. Chia dung dch X thnh hai phn bng nhau:
- Phn mt tc dng vi lng d dung dch NaOH, un nng thu c 0,672 lt kh ( ktc) v 1,07 gam kt ta;
- Phn hai tc dng vi lng d dung dch BaCl
2
, thu c 4,66 gam kt ta.
Tng khi lng cc mui khan thu c khi c cn dung dch X l (qu trnh c cn ch c nc bay hi)
A. 7,04 gam. B. 3,73 gam. C. 3,52 gam. D. 7,46 gam.

DNG 7: PHN BIT CHT.
phng php:
- i vi cht rn: thng dng H
2
O ha tan hoc dng dung dch axit long HCl, H
2
SO
4
ha tan.
- i vi cht lng:
+ Trc tin quan st mu dung dch, xem th dung dch c mu g c trng hay khng.
+ Tip theo thng dng cc thuc th nh: qu tm, dd NaOH, dd Ba(OH)
2
nhn bit.
19. Phn bit cc dung dch sau cha rong cc bnh khng c nhn : NH
4
Cl , (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
, BaCl
2
, NaOH , Na
2
CO
3
.
20. Ch dng thm mt ho cht hy phn bit cc dung dch sau : Na
2
CO
3
, Na
2
SO
3
, Na
2
SO
4
, Na
2
SiO
3
v Na
2
S.
21. Hy phn bit cc cht rn sau : NaCl , Na
2
CO
3
, Na
2
SO
4
, BaCO
3
, BaSO
4
( Ch dng thm 1 ho cht v nc).
22. Hy nu phng php nhn bit cc dung dch b mt nhn sau y: AlCl
3
, NaCl, MgCl
2
, H
2
SO
4
, NaOH
23. Bng phng php ho hc, hy nhn bit cc dung dch ng trong cc l mt nhn sau :
Ba(OH)
2
, H
2
SO
4
, FeCl
3
,CuCl
2
, NaCl , Na
2
CO
3
, NH
4
Cl , (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
. (Ch dng thm qu tm)
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24. C cc l mt nhn cha dung dch cc cht AlCl
3
, ZnCl
2
, NaCl, MgCl
2
. Bng phng php ho hc hy nhn bit,
vit phng trnh phn ng.
25. La chn mt ho cht thch hp phn bit cc dung dch mui: NH
4
Cl, (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
, NaNO
3
, MgCl
2
, FeCl
2
, FeCl
3
,
Al(NO
3
)
3
.
26. C 6 l khng nhn ng ring bit tng dung dch sau: K
2
CO
3
, (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
, MgSO
4
, Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
, FeSO
4
v Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
.
Ch c dng mt thuc th hy nhn bit. (Dng dung dch NaOH)
27. C 4 bnh mt nhn, mi bnh cha mt hn hp dung dch sau y : K
2
CO
3
v Na
2
SO
4
; KHCO
3
v Na
2
CO
3
;
KHCO
3
v Na
2
SO
4
; Na
2
SO
4
v K
2
SO
4
. Trnh by phng php ho hc nhn bit 4 bnh ny m ch dng thm dung
dch HCl v dung dch Ba(NO
3
)
2
.
-------------------------HT-------------------------