1

CU HI, P N V HNG DN GII

MN: X L TN HIU S
CU HI V BI TP CHNG 1
Bi 1.1
Cho tn hiu tng t
( ) t t t t x
a
100 cos 300 sin 10 50 cos 3 + =
Hy xc nh tc ly mu Nyquist i vi tn hiu ny?
Bi 1.2
Cho tn hiu ( ) t t x
a
100 cos 3 =
a) Xc nh tc ly mu nh nht cn thit khi phc tn hiu ban u.
b) Gi s tn hiu c ly mu ti tc 200 =
s
F Hz. Tn hiu ri rc no s c c
sau ly mu?
Bi 1.3
Tm quan h gia dy nhy n v u(n) v dy xung n v ( ) n
Bi 1.4
Tng t bi trn tm quan h biu din dy ch nht rect
N
(n) theo dy nhy n v u(n).
Bi 1.5
Hy biu din dy ( ) 1 n +
Bi 1.6
Xc nh x(n) = u(n-5)-u(n-2)
Bi 1.7
Xc nh nng lng ca chui
( )
( )

<

=
0 3
0 2 1
2
n
n
n x
n

Bi 1.8
Hy xc nh nng lng ca tn hiu ( )
n j
Ae n x
0

=
Bi 1.9
Xc nh cng sut trung bnh ca tn hiu nhy bc n v u(n)
2
Bi 1.10
Xc nh cng sut trung bnh ca tn hiu nhy bc n v u(n)
Bi 1.11
Hy xc nh cng sut trung bnh ca tn hiu ( )
n j
Ae n x
0

=
Bi 1.12
p ng xung v u vo ca mt h TTBB l:
( )
1 n 1
2 n 0
h n 1 n 1
1 n 2
0
=

= =

n

( )
1 n 0
2 n 1
x n 3 n 2
1 n 3
0
=

= =

n

Hy xc nh p ng ra y(n) ca h.
Bi 1.13
Tng t nh bi trn hy tnh php chp x
3
(n) = x
1
(n)*x
2
(n) vi:
a) x
1
(n) =
1 0
3
0
n
n
n

; x
2
(n) = rect
2
(n-1).
b) x
1
(n) = ( ) 1 n + + ( ) 2 n ; x
2
(n) = rect
3
(n).
Bi 1.14
Cho HTTT bt bin c h(n) v x(n) nh sau:
( )
0
0
n
a n
h n
n

=

( )
0
0
n
b n
x n
n

=

0 < a < 1, 0 < b < 1, a b. Tm tn hiu ra (p ng ra)?
Bi 1.15
Hy xc nh xem cc h c phng trnh m t quan h vo ra di y c tuyn tnh
khng:
a) ( ) ( ) n nx n y =
b) ( ) ( ) n x n y
2
=
Bi 1.16
Hy xc nh xem cc h c phng trnh m t quan h vo ra di y c tuyn tnh
khng:
a) ( ) ( )
2
n x n y =
b) ( ) ( ) B n Ax n y + =
3
Bi 1.17
Xc nh xem cc h c m t bng nhng phng trnh di y l nhn qu hay khng:
a) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 = n x n x n y
b) ( ) ( ) n ax n y =
Bi 1.18
Xc nh xem cc h c m t bng nhng phng trnh di y l nhn qu hay khng:
a) ( ) ( ) ( ) 4 3 + + = n x n x n y ;
b) ( ) ( )
2
n x n y = ;
c) ( ) ( ) n x n y 2 = ;
d) ( ) ( ) n x n y =
Bi 1.19
Xt tnh n nh ca h thng c p ng xung h(n) = rect
N
(n).
Bi 1.20
Xc nh khong gi tr ca a v b cho h TT BB c p ng xung
( )

<

=
0
0
n b
n a
n h
n
n

l n nh.
Bi 1.21.
Hy tm p ng xung h(n) ca mt h thng s c cho bi s sau y:
x(n)
( )
2
h n
( )
3
h n
y(n)
( )
1
h n

Bi 1.22
Cho mt h thng tuyn tnh bt bin c m t bng phng trnh sai phn sau y:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0 1 2 4
1 2 4 y n b x n b x n b x n b x n = + + +
Hy biu din h thng .
Bi 1.23
Hy biu din bng th tn hiu ( ) ( ) n x n y 2 = , y ( ) n x l tn hiu c m t nh
sau:.
4








Bi 1.24
Hy xc nh nghim ring ca phng trnh sai phn.
( ) ) ( ) 2 ( ) 1 (
6
1
6
5
n x n y n y n y + =
khi hm cng bc u vo ( ) 0 , 2 = n n x
n
v bng khng vi n khc.
Bi 1.25
Hy gii phng trnh sai phn tuyn tnh h s hng sau
y(n) 3y(n-1) + 2y(n-2) = x(n) + x(n-2)
Vi iu kin u y(-1) = y(-2) = 0 v x(n) = 5
n
Bi 1.26
Cho x(n) = rect
3
(n)
Hy xc nh hm t tng quan R
xx
(n).
Bi 1.27
Hy cho bit cch no sau y biu din tng qut mt tn hiu ri rc bt k x(n)?
a) ( ) ( ) ( )
k
x n x n n k
+
=
=

b)
0
( ) ( ) ( )
k
x n x k n k
+
=
=

c) ( ) ( ) ( )
k
x n x k n k
+
=
=

d) ( ) ( ) ( )
k
x n x n k n
+
=
=

Bi 1.28
H thng c c trng bi p ng xung h(n) no sau y l h thng nhn qu:
a) h(n) = u(n+1) b) h(n) = -u(n-1)
c) h(n) = -u(-n-1) d) h(n) = -u(n+1)
Bi 1.29
Php chp lm nhim v no sau y:
a) Phn tch mt tn hiu min ri rc b) Xc nh p ng ra ca h thng
-7 -6 -5 -4
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 n
( ) n x
4

5
c) Xc nh cng sut ca tn hiu d) Xc nh nng lng tn hiu
Bi 1.30
Phng trnh sai phn tuyn tnh h s hng m t h thng ri rc no sau y:
a) H thng tuyn tnh bt bin. b) H thng tuyn tnh.
c) H thng n nh. d) H thng bt bin.

P N CHNG I
Bi 1.1.
Do 2. f = , tn hiu trn c cc tn s thnh phn sau:
25
1
= F Hz, 150
2
= F Hz, 50
3
= F Hz
Nh vy, 150
max
= F Hz v theo nh l ly mu ta c:
max
2 300
s
F F = Hz
Tc ly mu Nyquist l
max
2F F
N
= . Do , 300 =
N
F Hz.
Bi 1.2
a) Tn s ca tn hiu tng t l 50 = F Hz. V th, tc ly mu ti thiu cn thit
khi phc tn hiu, trnh hin tng chng mu l 100 =
s
F Hz.
b) Nu tn hiu c ly mu ti 200 =
s
F Hz th tn hiu ri rc c dng
( ) ( ) ( )n n n x 2 cos 3 200 100 cos 3 = =
Bi 1.3
Theo nh ngha dy nhy n v u(n) v dy xung n v ( ) n ta c:
( ) ( )
n
k
u n k
=
=


Bi 1.5
Ta c:

( )
1 1 0 1
1
0 0
n n
n
n

+ = =
+ =

1
-1 0
( ) 1 n +
n 1 -2
6

Bi 1.6
Ta xc nh u(n-2) v u(n-5) sau thc hin php tr thu c kt qu
x(n) = u(n-5)-u(n-2) = rect
3
(n-2)
1
0 n 4 1 2
( )
3
( ) 2 x n rect n =
2 3 5

Bi 1.7
Theo nh ngha

( ) ( )
( )
24
35
8
9
3
4
1
2
3
1
4
1
1
2
0
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
3
= + = +

=
+ = =

=
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n x E

V nng lng E l hu hn nn tn hiu x(n) l tn hiu nng lng.
Bi 1.8
p s: Nng lng ca tn hiu bng v hn.
Ch
0
2 2 2
0 0
[ os ( ) sin ( )]
j n
Ae A c n n A

= + =
Bi 1.9
Xc nh cng sut trung bnh ca tn hiu nhy bc n v u(n)
Gii
Ta c:

( )
2
1
1 2
1 1
lim
1 2
1
lim
1 2
1
lim
0
2
=
+
+
=
+
+
=
+
=

=


N
N
N
N
n u
N
P
N N
N
n
N

Do , tn hiu nhy bc n v l mt tn hiu cng sut.
7
Bi 1.10
Ta c:

( )
2
1
1 2
1 1
lim
1 2
1
lim
1 2
1
lim
0
2
=
+
+
=
+
+
=
+
=

=


N
N
N
N
n u
N
P
N N
N
n
N


Do , tn hiu nhy bc n v l mt tn hiu cng sut.
Bi 1.11
P=
2
1
lim
2 1
N
N
n N
A
N

=
+

=A
2
Bi 1.12
Ta s thc hin php chp bng th: i sang bin k, gi nguyn x(k), ly i xng h(k)
qua trc tung thu c h(-k), sau dch chuyn h(-k) theo tng mu tnh ln lt cc gi tr
ca y(n) c th nh hnh sau:











Dch chuyn h(-k) ta c v tnh tng t ta c....y(-2)=0, y(-1)=1, y(0)=4, y(1)=8, y(2)=8,
y(3)=3....cui cng ta thu c kt qu:
( )
0
, 0, 0, 1, 4, 8, 8, 3, 2, 1, 0, 0, y n


=

Bi 1.14
Ly i xng h(k)
thu c h(-k)
Nhn, cng x(k)
v h(-k)
k
2 3
2
( ) k h
k
-1 0 1 2 3 4
3
( ) k x
-2
-1 0 1 2
k
2 3
2
( ) k h
y(0) = 1.2 + 2.1 = 4
-1 0 1 2 3 4
8
Nhn xt: H thng nhn qu h(n) v x(n) u nhn qu
( ) ( )
1
0 0
.
n n
k
k n k n
k k
y n b a a b a

= =
= =


C dng:
1
0
1
1
n n
k
k
x
x
x
+
=

( )
( )
( )
1
1
1
1 .
0
1 .
0 0
n
n
b a
a n
y n
b a
n
+

<

Bi 1.15
a) i vi cc chui xung u vo ( ) n x
1
v ( ) n x
2
, tn hiu ra tng ng l:
( ) ( ) n nx n y
1 1
=
( ) ( ) n nx n y
2 2
=
Lin hp tuyn tnh hai tn hiu vo s sinh ra mt tn hiu ra l:
( ) ( ) ( ) [ ] ( ) ( ) [ ]
( ) ( ) n nx a n nx a
n x a n x a n n x a n x a H n y
2 2 1 1
2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 3
+ =
+ = + =

Trong khi lin hp hai tn hiu ra y
1
y
2
to nn tn hiu ra:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) n nx a n nx a n y a n y a
2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1
+ = +
So snh 2 phng trnh ta suy ra h l tuyn tnh.
b) u ra ca h l bnh phng ca u vo, (Cc thit b in thng c qui lut nh th
v gi l thit b bc 2).
p ng ca h i vi hai tn hiu vo ring r l:
( ) ( ) n x n y
2
1 1
=
( ) ( ) n x n y
2
2 2
=
p ng ca h vi lin hp tuyn tnh hai tn hiu l:
( ) ( ) ( ) [ ] ( ) ( ) [ ]
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) n x a n x n x a a n x a
n x a n x a n x a n x a H n y
2
2
2
2 2 1 2 1
2
1
2
1
2
2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 3
2 + + + =
+ = + =

Ngc li, nu h tuyn tnh, n s to ra lin hp tuyn tnh t hai tn hiu, tc l:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) n x a n x a n y a n y a
2
2 2
2
1 1 2 2 1 1
+ = +
V tn hiu ra ca h nh cho khng bng nhau nn h l khng tuyn tnh.
Bi 1.16
9
a) H tuyn tnh
b) H khng tuyn tnh.
Bi 1.17
Cc h thuc phn a), b) r rng l nhn qu v u ra ch ph thuc hin ti v qu kh ca
u vo.
Bi 1.18
Cc h phn a), b) v c) l khng nhn qu v u ra ph thuc c vo gi tr tng lai ca
u vo. H d) cng khng nhn qu v nu la chn 1 = n th ( ) ( ) 1 1 x y = . Nh vy u ra ta
1 = n , n nm cch hai n v thi gian v pha tng lai.
Bi 1.19
( )
1 1
n
S h n N

=
= =

1
0
( 1 )
N
n
N

=
= =

H n nh
Bi 1.20
H ny khng phi l nhn qu. iu kin n nh l :


=

=
+ =
0
1
) (
n n
n n
n
b a n h
Ta xc nh c rng tng th nht l hi t vi 1 < a , tng th hai c th c bin i
nh sau:
( )

= + + + =

+ + + = =


=

=
1
1
1 1
1
1 1
2
2
1
1

b
b b
b
b
n
n
n
n

y b 1 = phi nh hn n v chui hi t . Bi vy, h l n nh nu c 1 < a
v 1 > b u tho mn.
Bi 1.21.
Hng dn
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1 3
2
3
1 2
3
h n rect n
h n n n
h n n

=
= +
=

Hng dn:
Thc hin h
2
(n) + h
3
(n) ri sau ly kt qu thu c chp vi h
1
(n):
h(n) = h
1
(n) * [h
2
(n) + h
3
(n)]
Bi 1.22
10
p dng cc cng c thc hin h thng ta v c h thng nh sau:
0
b
1
b
2
b
4
b
( )
0
b x n
( )
1
1 b x n
( )
2
2 b x n
( )
4
4 b x n

Bi 1.23
Ta ch rng tn hiu ( ) n y t c t ( ) n x bng cch ly mi mt mu khc t ( ) n x , bt
u vi ( ) 0 x . Chng hn ( ) ( ) 0 0 x y = , ( ) ( ) 2 1 x y = , ( ) ( ) 4 2 x y = ,...v ( ) ( ) 2 1 = x y ,
( ) ( ) 4 2 = x y ,v.v...
Ni cch khc, ta b qua cc mu ng vi s l trong ( ) n x v gi li cc mu mang s
chn. Tn hiu phi tm c m t nh sau:








Bi 1.24
Dng nghim ring l:
( ) 2 0
n
p
y n B n =
Thay ( ) n y
p
vo u bi ta c
1 2
5 1
6 6
2 2 2 2
n n n n
B B B

= +
5 1
6 6
4 (2 ) 4 B B B = + v tm thy
8
5
B =
Bi vy, nghim ring l
-4 -2 -1 0 1 2
( ) ( x n y =
11
( ) 0 2
5
8
= n n y
n
p

Bi 1.25
p n:
y(n) = (13/50) (104/75).2
n
+ (13/6).5
n
vi n 0.

Bi 1.26
p n:
R
xx
(-2) = R
xx
(2) = 1;
R
xx
(-1)= R
xx
(1)= 2;
R
xx
(0).
Lu : hm t tng quan bao gi cng t gi tr cc i ti n=0.
Bi 1.27
Phng n c)
Bi 1.28
Phng n b)
Bi 1.29
Phng n b)
Bi 1.30
Phng n a)
12
CU HI V BI TP CHNG 2
Bi 2.1
Xc nh bin i z ca cc tn hiu hu hn sau
a) ( ) { } 1 0 7 5 2 1
1
= n x
b) ( ) { } 1 0 7 5 2 1
2

= n x
c) ( ) { } 1 0 7 5 2 1 0 0
3
= n x
d) ( ) { } 1 0 7 5 4 2
4

= n x
Bi 2.2
Xc nh bin i z ca cc tn hiu hu hn sau
a)
( ) ( )
1
x n n k , k 0 = >
b)
( ) ( )
2
x n n k , k 0 = + >
Bi 2.3
Xc nh bin i z ca tn hiu:
( ) ( )

<

= =
0 0
0
n
n a
n u n x
n
n

Bi 2.4
Cho ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ] ( ) n u n x
n n
3 4 2 3 =
Xc nh X(z).
Bi 2.5
Xc nh bin i z ca tn hiu:
( )

=
0
1 0 1 N n
n x
Bi 2.6
Cho ( )
1
3
=
+
z
X z
z

Xc nh x(n) bng phng php khai trin thnh chui ly tha.
Bi 2.7
Cho ( )
2
3
1
( 1).( )
2
+
=
+ +
z
H z
z z z

13
Xc nh im cc im khng h thng. Biu din trn mt phng z.
Bi 2.8
Cho ( )
2
3
1
( 1).( )
4
=
+ + +
H z
z z z

Xt n nh h thng?
Bi 2.9
Cho tn hiu ( )
2
2
2 7 3
z
X z
z z
+
=
+
, Hy xc nh x(n) = ?
Bi 2.10
Cho h thng c hm truyn t
( )
2
2 3
5 1
6 6
+
=
+ +
z
H z
z z

a) Xc nh im cc im khng ca h thng.
b) Xt xem h thng c n nh khng.
c) Tm p ng xung h(n) ca h thng.
Bi 2.11
Cho h thng c:
( )
2
2 3 1
z
H z
z z
=
+


a) Hy xt xem h thng c n nh khng
b) Hy xc nh p ng xung ca h thng.
c) Xc nh h(n) khi ( )
2006
2
2 3 1
z
H z
z z
=
+

Bi 2.12
Cho s h thng:
14
1
z

( )
2
X z
1
z

( )
1
X z
1
z

( )
12
H z
( )
11
H z
( )
2
H z
( )
1
H z


Hy xc nh hm truyn t H(z)
Bi 2.13
Cho h thng c hm truyn t:
1 2 3 4
1
( )
4 3 2
H z
z z z z

=
+ + + +

Hy xt s n nh ca h thng.
Bi 2.14
Tm h thng v p ng mu n v ca h thng c m t bng phng tnh sai phn:
( ) ( ) ( ) n x n y n y 2 1
2
1
+ =
Bi 2.15
Cho tn hiu ( ) ( )
3
2
n
x n u n

=



Bin i z ca n s l:
a) ( )
3
2
z
X z
z
=

vi
3
2
z > b) ( )
1
1
3
1
2
X z
z

=
+
vi
3
2
z >

c) ( )
1
1
3
1
2
X z
z

vi
3
2
z < d) ( )
3
2
z
X z
z
=
+
vi
3
2
z >
Bi 2.16
Cch biu din no sau y thng c dng biu din hm truyn t H(Z) ca h thng:
15
a)
( )
0
1
M
r
r
r
N
k
k
k
b z
H z
a z

=
=

b)
( )
0
1
1
M
r
r
r
N
k
k
k
b z
H z
a z

=
=
+

c)
( )
0
1
1
M
r
r
r
N
k
k
k
b z
H z
a z
=
=
=
+

d)
( )
1
0
1
1
1
M
r
r
r
N
k
k
k
b z
H z
a z

=
=
+

Bi 2.17
Cho tn hiu x(n) =
( ) n u a n
n
hy cho bit trng hp no sau y l bin i X(z) ca
n:
a)
( )
1
2
1
1
z
az

vi a z > b)
( )
2
1
1
1

az
az
vi a z >
c)
( )
2
1
1
1

az
az
vi z a < d)
( )
2
1
1
az
az

vi a z >
Bi 2.18
Phn t Z
-1
trong h thng ri rc l phn t:
a) phn t tr b) phn t tch phn
c) phn t vi phn c) phn t nghch o
Bi 2.19
H thng s c trng bi hm truyn t H(z) s n nh nu:
a) Tt c cc im khng (Zero) z
or
phn b bn trong vng trn n v.
b) Tt c cc im cc (Pole) z
pk
ca h thng phn b bn trong vng trn n v.
c) Tt c cc im cc (Pole) z
pk
ca h thng phn b bn ngoi vng trn n v.
d) Tt c cc im khng (Zero) z
or
phn b bn ngoi vng trn n v.
Bi 2.20
Phng n no sau y th hin hm truyn t ca h thng biu din theo dng im cc
v im khng?
a) ( )
( )
( )
0
1
0
1
.
=
=

M
r
r
N
k
k
z z
H z G
z z
b) ( )
( )
( )
1
0
1
.
=
=

N
pk
k
M
r
r
z z
H z G
z z

16
c) ( )
( )
( )
0
1
1
.
=
=

M
r
r
N
pk
k
z z
H z G
z z
d) ( )
( )
( )
0
0
0
.
=
=

M
r
r
N
pk
k
z z
H z G
z z

P N CHNG II
Bi 2.1
p n
a) ( )
5 3 2 1
1
7 5 2 1

+ + + + = z z z z z X , RC c mt phng z , tr 0 = z .
b) ( )
3 1 2
2
7 5 2

+ + + + = z z z z z X , RC: c mt phng z , tr 0 = z v = z
c) ( )
7 5 4 3 2
3
7 5 2

+ + + + = z z z z z z X , RC: c mt phng z , tr 0 = z .
d) ( )
3 1 2
4
7 5 4 2

+ + + + = z z z z z X , RC: c mt phng z , tr 0 = z v = z
Bi 2.2
p n:
a) ( )
k
1
X z z

= [ngha l, ( )
ZT
k
n k z

], 0 > k , RC: c mt phng z , tr 0 = z .

b) ( )
k
2
X z z = [ngha l, ( )
ZT
k
n k z + ], k > 0, RC: c mt phng z , tr = z .
Bi 2.3
Theo nh ngha ta c:

( ) ( )


=

= =
0
1
0 n
n
n
n n
z z z X

Nu 1
1
<

z hoc tng ng > z , th chui ny hi t n ( )

1
1 / 1

z .
Nh vy, ta s c cp bin i z .

( ) ( ) ( )
z
n
1
1
x n u n X z RC: z
1 z

= = >


Min hi t RC l min nm ngoi ng trn c bn knh .
Lu rng, ni chung, cn khng phi l s thc.
Bi 2.4
p n
17
( )
1 1
3 4
X z RC: z 3
1 2z 1 3z

= >


Bi 2.5
Ta c:
( )
( )

=
= + + + = =

1
1
1
1
... 1 . 1
1
1 1
1
0
z
z
z
z N
z z z z X
N
N
N
n
n

v ( ) n x l hu hn, nn RC ca n l c mt phng z , tr 0 = z .
Bi 2.6
p n:
Thc hin ging v d 2.5 ta c:
x(n) = (-1/3)
n
. u(n)
Bi 2.7
im cc: z
p1, p2
= (-1/2) j(3/2); z
p3
= .
im khng: z
o1
= -3
Bi 2.8
p n: H thng khng n nh
Bi 2.9
Ta c:
( )
( )
2
2
2 7 3
X z
z
z z z z
+
=
+
c 3 im cc
1
1
2
p
z = ,
2
3
p
z = ,
3
0
p
z =
( )
( )
3 1 2
2
1 1 3
2 3 2
2 2
X z
A z A A
z z z
z z z z
+
= = + +





u l cc n nn:
1
1
2
A z

=


2
1
2
2
z
z
+

( )
1
2
1 5
2
2 2
1
1 1 5 1
2 3 . 1
3
2 2 2 2
z
z z
=
+
= = =

18
( )
2
3 A z =
( )
2
1
2 3
2
z
z z
+




3
3 2 5 1
5 1 3
6. 2 3 .3
2
2
z
z
=
+
= = =

3
A z =
( )
2
1
2 3
2
z
z z z
+




( )
0
0 2 2
1 3
2 3
2
z=
+
= =





Vy:
( )
1 1
1
3 3
1 3
2
2
X z
z z z
z

= + +

( )
1 1 1
1
2 3 3 3
2
z z
X z
z
z
= + +

m = 0 th
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1 2
3
2 2 3 3
n
n
x n u n u n n

= + +



Nh vy hon thnh bin i Z ngc.
Bi 2.10
p n:
a) H c 1 irm khng z
01
= -3/2; hai im cc l z
p1
= -1/3 v z
p2
= -1/2
b) Cn c vo cc im cc u nm trong vng trn n v ta thy h thng n nh.
c/ Tm h(n) ging bi tp 2.9
Bi 2.11
p n:
a) H thng khng n nh
b) h(n) = 2.u(n) 2.(1/2)
n
.u(n)
c) Da vo kt qu cu b) v tnh cht tr ta c
h(n) = 2.u(n+2006) 2.(1/2)
2006
u(n+2006)
Bi 2.12
p dng: Trong min z: song song th cng, ni tip th nhn.
19
Phn tch ra H
1
(z), H
2
(z),
( ) ( ) ( )
1 2
. H z H z H z =
( ) ( ) ( )
1 11 12
H z H z H z = +
( )
( )
( )
1
11
X z
H z
X z
=
( ) ( ) ( )
1
1
2 3 X z X z z X z

= +
( )
1
11
2 3 H z z

= +
( )
( )
( )
2
12
X z
H z
X z
=
( ) ( ) ( )
1
2 2
4 X z X z z X z

= +
( ) ( )( )
1
2
1 4 X z X z z

=
( )
12
1
1
1 4
H z
z

( )
1
1 1
1
2 3
1 4
H z z
z

= + +

( )
1
2
H z z

=
( )
1 1
1
1
2 3
1 4
H z z z
z

= + +

Bi 2.13
p dng tiu chun Jury. H n nh
Bi 2.14
Bng cch tnh bin i z ca phng trnh sai phn, ta c:
( ) ( ) ( ) z X z Y z z Y 2
2
1
1
+ =


Do vy hm h thng l:

( )
( )
( )
1
2
1
1
2

=
z
z H
z X
z Y

H thng ny c mt cc ti
2
1
= z v mt zero ti gc 0.
20
Ta c:
( ) ( ) ( ) n u n h
n
2
1
2 =
y l p ng xung n v ca h thng.
Bi 2.15
Phng n a)
Bi 2.16
Phng n b)
Bi 2.17
Phng n b)
Bi 2.18
Phng n a)
Bi 2.19
Phng n b)
Bi 2.20
Phng n c)
21
CU HI V BI TP CHNG 3
Bi 3.1
Xc nh bin i Fourier ca tn hiu
( ) 1 1
n
x n a a = < <
Bi 3.2
Tm bin i Fourier v ph bin ca dy
( )

=
0
1 0 L n A
n x
vi minh ho nh hnh sau





Bi 3.3
Hy tnh php chp cc dy
( ) ( )
1 2
* x n x n vi
( ) ( )
1 2
0
1, 1 , 1 x n x n



= =




thng qua bin i Fourier.
Bi 3.4
Xc nh mt ph nng lng
( )
j
xx
S e

ca tn hiu
( ) ( ) 1 1 < < = a n u a n x
n

Bi 3.5
Cho ( ) ( )
n
x n a u n = vi 5 . 0 = a v 5 . 0 = a . Hy biu din mt ph nng lng
( )
j
xx
S e


Bi 3.6
Cho tn hiu ( ) ( )
3
4
n
x n u n

=


. Ph ca tn hiu s l p n no sau y:
0
( ) n x
....
1 L n
A
22
a) Khng tn ti. b)
( )
1
3
1
4
j
j
X e
e

=
+

c)
( )
1
3
1
4
j
j
X e
e

d)
( )
1
3
1
4
j
j
X e
e

Bi 3.7
Cho tn hiu ( ) ( )
4
3
n
x n u n

=


. Ph ca tn hiu s l p n no sau y:
a) Khng tn ti. b)
( )
1
4
1
3
j
j
X e
e

=
+

c)
( )
1
4
1
3
j
j
X e
e

d)
( )
1
4
1
3
j
j
X e
e

Bi 3.8
Thnh phn tng ng ca ( ) k n x khi chuyn sang min tn s s l:
a)
( )
j k j
e X e

b)
( )
j k j
e X e


c)
( )
j k j
e X e

d)
( )
j k j
e X e


Bi 3.9
Thnh phn tng ng ca ( ) n n x
0
cos khi chuyn sang min tn s s l:
a) ( )
0
1
2
X + b) ( )
0
1
2
X
c) ( ) ( )
0 0
2
1
2
1
+ + X X d) ( ) ( )
0 0
1 1
2 2
X X +
Bi 3.10
Thnh phn tng ng ca ( ) n x e
n j
0

khi chuyn sang min tn s s l:

a)
( )
0
( ) j
X e
+
b)
( )
0
( ) j
X e


c)
( )
0 0
( ) j j
e X e

d)
( )
0 0
( ) j j
e X e
+

Bi 3.11
Khi no pha ca b lc s l tng bng 0 th quan h gia p ng tn s v p ng bin
tn s s l:
23
a)
( ) ( )
H H =
j j
e e

b)
( ) ( )
H H =
j j
e e


c)
( ) ( )
H H =
j j j
e e e

d)
( ) ( )
H H =
j j j
e e e


Bi 3.12
p ng xung h(n) ca b lc s thng thp l tng pha 0 c biu din dng no sau
y:
a) ( )
sin
c c
c
n
h n
n


= b) ( )
sin
.
c
n
h n
n

=
c) ( )
sin
c c
c
n
h n
n


= d) ( )
sin
c c
n
h n
n

=
Bi 3.13
p ng xung h(n) ca b lc s thng cao l tng pha 0 c biu din dng no sau
y:
a) ( )
sin
( )
c c
c
n
h n n
n

= b) ( )
sin
( )
.
c
n
h n n
n

=
c) ( )
sin
( )
c c
c
n
h n n
n

= + d) ( )
sin
( )
c c
n
h n n
n

=
Bi 3.14
p ng xung h(n) ca b lc s thng di l tng pha 0 vi tn s ct
c1
<
c2
c biu
din dng no sau y:
a) ( )
2 2 1 1
2 1
sin sin
c c c c
c c
n n
h n
n n


= +
b) ( )
2 2 1 1
2 1
sin sin
c c c c
c c
n n
h n
n n


=
c) ( )
2 2 1 1
2 1
sin sin
c c c c
c c
n n
h n
n n


=
d) ( )
1 1 2 2
1 2
sin sin
c c c c
c c
n n
h n
n n


=
Bi 3.15
p ng xung h(n) ca b lc s chn di l tng pha 0 vi tn s ct
c1
<
c2
c biu
din dng no sau y:
a) ( )
1 1 2 2
1 2
sin sin
( )
c c c c
c c
n n
h n n
n n

= +
b) ( )
2 2 1 1
2 1
sin sin
( )
c c c c
c c
n n
h n n
n n

=
24
c) ( )
2 2 1 1
2 1
sin sin
( )
c c c c
c c
n n
h n n
n n

= +
d) ( )
2 2 1 1
2 1
sin sin
( )
c c c c
c c
n n
h n n
n n

= +
Bi 3.16
Cht lng b lc s tt khi:
a) + gn sng di thng
1
, di chn
2
u nh.
+ Tn s gii hn di thng
p
, tn s gii hn di chn
s
cch xa nhau (ngha l di
qu ln).
b)

+ gn sng di thng
1
, di chn
2
ln.
+ Tn s gii hn di thng
p
, tn s gii hn di chn
s
gn nhau (ngha l di qu
nh).
c) + gn sng di thng
1
, di chn
2
u nh.
+ Tn s gii hn di thng
p
, tn s gii hn di chn
s
gn nhau (ngha l di qu
nh).
d) + gn sng di thng
1
, di chn
2
u ln.
+ Tn s gii hn di thng
p
, tn s gii hn di chn
s
cch xa nhau(ngha l di
qu ln).
Bi 3.17
Nhng cu tr li no sau y l ng:
a) Bin i Fuorier l trng hp ring ca bin i Z
b) Bin i Z l trng hp ring ca bin i Fourier
c) Bin i Fourier l bin i Z thc hin trn vng trn n v
d) Bin i Fourier hon ton c lp vi bin i Z.
Bi 3.18
Cc tn hiu trong min tn s c tnh cht:
a) Tun hon vi chu k l
b) Tun hon vi chu k l 2
c) Khng phi l tn hiu tun hon
d) Tun hon khi 0.

P N CHNG III
Bi 3.1
25
Ta phn ra lm 2 trng hp n < 0 v n > 0 ng vi cc tn hiu x
1
(n) v x
2
(n)
nh vy ta c kt qu:
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
2 1
cos 2 1
1
a a
a
X X X
+

=
+ =

Bi 3.2
V ( ) n x l mt kh tng tuyt i nn bin i Fourier ca n tn ti. Hn na, ( ) n x l tn
hiu nng lng hu hn vi
L A E
x
2
=
. Bin i Fourier ca tn hiu ny l
( )
1
0
1
1
j L L
j j n
j
n
e
X e Ae A
e

= =

( )
( )
( )
( )
1
2
sin / 2
sin / 2
j L
j
L
X e Ae

=
Vi 0 = , bin i ta c
( )
0 j
X e A L = .
Ph bin ca ( ) n x c dng
( )
( )
( )

=
=
2 / sin
2 / sin
0

L
A
L A
X
Bi 3.3
S dng bin i Fourier, ta c
( ) ( )
1 2
1 2 cos
j j
X e X e

= = +
Do
2
1 2
2 2
( ) ( ) ( ) (1 2cos )
3 4cos 2cos 2
3 2( ) ( )
j j j
j j j j
X e X e X e
e e e e

= = +
= + +
= + + + +

Bin i Fourier ngc ta c:
( )
0
1 2 3 2 1 x n



=




Kt qu ny trng vi kt qu nu ta tnh tch chp trn bng phng php th.
Bi 3.4
V 1 < a nn dy ( ) n x l mt kh tng tuyt i. C th thm tra li bng cch dng cng
thc tng cp s nhn, ngha l
26
<

= =


=

=
a
a n x
n
n
n
1
1
) (
0

V th bin i Fourier ca ( ) n x tn ti nh vy:
( ) ( )


=

= =
0 0 n
n
j
n
n j n
ae e a X


V 1 < =

a ae
j
, nn
( )

j
ae
X

=
1
1

Ph mt nng lng l
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )( )


j j
xx
ae ae
X X X S

= = =

1 1
1
*
2

hoc tng ng
( )
2
cos 2 2
1
a a
S
xx
+
=

Bi 3.5
Hnh biu din tn hiu ( ) n x v ph tng ng ca n khi 5 . 0 = a v 5 . 0 = a . Nhn xt:
khi 5 . 0 = a tn hiu bin i nhanh hn v ph ln hn cc tn s cao.


Bi 3.6
p n: Phng n d)
27
Bi 3.7
p n: Phng n a)
Bi 3.8
p n: Phng n d)
Bi 3.9
p n: Phng n c)
Bi 3.10
p n: Phng n b)
Bi 3.11
p n: Phng n a).
Bi 3.12
p n: Phng n c)
Bi 3.13
p n: Phng n a)
Bi 3.14
p n: Phng n b)
Bi 3.15
p n: Phng n d)
Bi 3.16
p n: Phng n c)
Bi 3.17
p n: Phng n a) v c)
Bi 3.18
p n: Phng n b)
28
CU HI V BI TP CHNG 4
Bi 4.1
Cho dy tun hon ( ) x n
( )
1 0 5
0 6 11
n
x n
n

=

chu k N = 12.
Hy xc nh ( ) X k

.
Bi 4.2
Cho dy tun hon chu k 4 nh sau:
( )
4
1 0
2 1
4 2
3 4
=

=

=

n
n
x n
n
n
hy xc nh ( )

X k
Bi 4.3
Cho:
( )
4
4 0
3 1
2 2
1 4
=

=

=

n
n
x n
n
n
hy xc nh ( )

X k
Bi 4.4
Cho tn hiu c chiu di hu hn:
( )
1 0 n L 1
x n
0 n

Hy tnh bin i DFT ca dy x(n) c chiu di N vi L N
Bi 4.5
Hy chng minh:
2
1
.
0
.
0

=
=
=

N
j n r
N
n
N r l N
e
n

l: nguyn
Bi 4.6
Cho hai dy
x
1
(n)
4
=
(n 1)

29
4
n
1 0 n 4
x(n)
4
0 n

Hy xc nh php chp vng ca 2 dy trn
Bi 4.7
Bin i DFT ca mt tn hiu tun hon chu k N ( )

N
x n s l:
a) ( ) ( )
2
1
0
1
.

=
=

N
j kn
N
n
X k x n e
N

b) ( ) ( )
2
1
0
.

=
=

N
j kn
N
n
X k x n e


c) ( ) ( )
2
1
0
.

=
=

N
j kn
N
n
X k x n e

d) ( ) ( )
2
1
0
1
.

=
=

N
j kn
N
n
X k x n e
N

Bi 4.8
Bin i ngc IDFT ca mt tn hiu ( )

X k chu k N s l:
a) ( ) ( )
2
1
0
1
.

=
=

N
j kn
N
k
x n X k e
N

b) ( ) ( )
2
1
0
.

=
=

N
j kn
N
k
x n X k e


c) ( ) ( )
2
1
0
.

=
=

N
j kn
N
k
x n X k e

d) ( ) ( )
2
1
0
1
.
N
j kn
N
k
x n X k e
N

=
=



Bi 4.9
Cp bin i xui, ngc DFT i vi dy c chiu di x(n)
N
s l:
a) ( )
( )
1
0
1
0 1
0

N
kn
N
n
x n W k N
X k N
k
v ( )
( )
1
0
1
0 1
0
N
kn
N
k
X k W n N
x n N
n

b) ( )
( )
1
0
0 1
0
N
kn
N
n
x n W k N
X k
k

v ( )
( )
1
0
1
0 1
0
N
kn
N
k
X k W n N
x n N
n

c) ( )
( )
1
0
1
0 1
0

N
kn
N
n
x n W k N
X k N
k
v ( )
( )
1
0
1
0 1
0
N
kn
N
k
X k W n N
x n N
n

d) ( )
( )
1
0
0 1
0

N
kn
N
n
x n W k N
X k
k
v ( )
( )
1
0
0 1
0

N
kn
N
k
X k W n N
x n
n

Bi 4.10
Ta c th tnh php chp tuyn tnh hai dy x
1
(n) v x
2
(n) c chiu di L[x
1
(n)]=N
1
v
L[x
2
(n)]=N
2
thng qua bin i DFT nu ta chn chiu di thc hin bin i DFT l:
30
a) N N
1
+ N
2
-1 b) N N
1
+ N
2
-1
c) N<N
1
+ N
2
-1 d) N > N
1
+ N
2
-1
P N CHNG IV
Bi 4.1
Hng dn: Cch lm tng t v d 4.1
Bi 4.2
y l dy tun hon chu k N=4
Da vo bin i DFT ( ) ( )
2
1
0
.

=
=

N
j kn
N
n
X k x n e


Ta c:
2 2
.
4 2 2
.
( )
( )

= = =
=
j kn j kn j kn j
k n
N
k n
e e e e
j


T y ta thay vo c:
( ) ( )
1
0
.( )

=
=

N
kn
n
X k x n j
Vy:
( )
3
0.
0
0 ( ).( ) 10

=
= =

n
n
X x n j
( )
3
1.
0
1 ( ).( ) 3

=
= = +

n
n
X x n j j
( )
3
2.
0
2 ( ).( ) 0

=
= =

n
n
X x n j
( )
3
3.
0
3 ( ).( ) 3

=
= =

n
n
X x n j j
Bi 4.3
Hng dn: Gii tng t bi trn
Bi 4.4
p n:
( )
( )
( )
( ) N L k j
N k j
N kn j
e
N k N
N kL
N k
e
e
k X
/ 1
/ 2
/ 2
/ sin
/ sin
1 ,...., 1 , 0
1
1

=
=

31
Bi 4.6
p n: Cch lm tng t v d 4.6 v ta c:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3
3 1 2 1 2 2 4
4 4 4 4 4 4
0
* ( 1)
=
= = =

m
x n x n x n x m x n m x n
Tc x
3
(0)
4
= 1/4; x
3
(1)
4
= 1; x
3
(2)
4
= 3/4; x
3
(3)
4
= 1/2.
Bi 4.7
p n: Phng n b)
Bi 4.8
p n: Phng n d)
Bi 4.9
p n: Phng n b)
Bi 4.10
p n ng: a)
32
CU HI V BI TP CHNG 5
Bi 5.1
Cho b lc FIR loi 1 vi N=7 c p ng xung h(n) c xc nh h(0)=1, h(1)=2, h(2)=3,
h(3)= 4.
Tm v p ng xung h(n)
Bi 5.2
Cho b lc FIR loi 2 vi N=6 c p ng xung h(n) c xc nh h(0)=1, h(1)=2, h(2)=3.
Tm v p ng xung h(n).
Bi 5.3
Cho b lc FIR loi 3 vi N=7 c p ng xung h(n) c xc nh h(0)=1, h(1)=2, h(2)=3.
Tm v p ng xung h(n).
Bi 5.4
Cho b lc FIR loi 4 vi N=6 c p ng xung h(n) c xc nh h(0)=1, h(1)=2, h(2)=3.
Tm v p ng xung h(n).
Bi 5.5
Hy thit k b lc s FIR thng cao pha tuyn tnh, dng ca s Barlett vi N = 9,
4
c

= .
Bi 5.6
Hy thit k b lc s FIR thng cao pha tuyn tnh, dng ca s ch nht vi N = 9,
4
c

= .
Bi 5.7
Hy thit k b lc s FIR thng di pha tuyn tnh, dng ca s ch nht vi N = 9,
1
4
=
c

,
2
3
=
c


Bi 5.8
Hy thit k b lc s FIR chn di pha tuyn tnh, dng ca s tam gic Barlett vi N = 9,
1
3
=
c

,
2
2
=
c


Bi 5.9
Cht lng ca s s tt khi no:
a) B rng nh trung tm hp v t s gia bin nh th cp th nht trn bin
nh trung tm:
( )
( )
0
20lg
s
j
j
W e
W e

= phi nh.
33
b) B rng nh trung tm ln v t s gia bin nh th cp th nht trn bin
nh trung tm:
( )
( )
0
20lg
s
j
j
W e
W e

= phi nh.
c) B rng nh trung tm ln v t s gia bin nh th cp th nht trn bin
nh trung tm:
( )
( )
0
20lg
s
j
j
W e
W e

= ln.
d) B rng nh trung tm hp v t s gia bin nh th cp th nht trn bin
nh trung tm:
( )
( )
0
20lg
s
j
j
W e
W e

= ln.
Bi 5.10
Ca s Hanning c cht lng km hn ca s Hamming v:
a) B rng nh trung tm ca ca s Hanning ln hn ca s Hamming
b) B rng nh trung tm ca ca s Hanning nh hn ca s Hamming
c) T s gia bin nh th cp th nht trn bin nh trung tm ca ca s Hanning
ln hn ca s Hamming.
d) T s gia bin nh th cp th nht trn bin nh trung tm ca ca s Hanning
nh hn ca s Hamming.
Bi 5.11
Ca s Blackman c gn sng thp nht so vi cc ca s Hanning, Hamming, tam gic
v ch nht v:
a) B rng nh trung tm ca ca s Blackman nh nht.
b) B rng nh trung tm ca ca s Blackman ln nht.
c) T s gia bin nh th cp th nht trn bin nh trung tm ca ca s
Blackman ln nht.
d) T s gia bin nh th cp th nht trn bin nh trung tm ca ca s
Blackman nh nht.
Bi 5.12
Khi thit k b lc s FIR pha tuyn tnh thc cht l chng ta xc nh:
a) Cc h s ca b lc b) Loi cu trc b lc
c) Chiu di ca b lc d) c tnh pha ca b lc
Bi 5.13
Khi thit k b lc FIR bng phng php ca s, nu b lc cha p ng c cc ch
tiu k thut th ta phi:
a) Thay i loi ca s b) Tng chiu di ca ca s
34
c) Dng c phng php a) v b) d) Thay cu trc b lc
Bi 5.14
Khi thit k, nu ta tng chiu di N ca ca s, ta thy:
a) gn sng c di thng v di chn tng theo.
b) gn sng c di thng v di chn gim i.
c) Tn s gii hn di thng
p
v tn s gii hn chn
s
gn nhau hn.
d) Tn s gii hn di thng
p
v tn s gii hn chn
s
xa nhau hn.
P N CHNG V
Bi 5.1
Ta c FIR loi 1
1
2
( ) ( 1 ) (0 1)
N
h n h N n n N

=
=

Vy
1 6
3
2 2

= = =
N
;
h(0) = h(6) =1 ; h(1) = h(5) =2; h(2) = h(4) =3; h(3) = 4.
Bi 5.2
Ta c FIR loi 2
1
2
( ) ( 1 ) (0 1)
N
h n h N n n N

=
=

Vy
1
2

=
N
vy tm i xng nm gia 2 v 3.
h(0) = h(5) =1 ; h(1) = h(4) =2; h(2) = h(3) =3.
Bi 5.3
Ta c FIR loi 3
1
2
( ) ( 1 ) (0 1)

=
=
N
h n h N n n N

35
Vy
1
2

=
N
= 3 vy tm phn i xng nm ti 3.
h(0) = -h(6) =1 ; h(1) = -h(5) =2; h(2) = -h(4) =3; h(3) = h(-3) = 0.

Bi 5.4
Ta c FIR loi 4
1
2
( ) ( 1 ) (0 1)

=
=
N
h n h N n n N

Vy
1
2

=
N
vy tm phn i xng nm gia 2 v 3.
h(0) = -h(5) =1 ; h(1) = -h(4) =2; h(2) = -h(3) =3.
Bi 5.5
Cng thc b lc thng cao pha khng ( ( ) 0 = ):
( ) ( )
sin
c c
hp
c
n
h n n
n

=
Trong bi ny c dch i, t pha khng chuyn sang pha tuyn tnh
( )
1 9 1
4
2 2
N


= = =
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
sin 4
sin 4
1
4
4 4
4 4
4
4
c c
hp
c
n
n
h n n n
n
n

= =

( )
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 1 3 3 3 1 1
4 4 4 12 2 4 2 4 3 12 2
d
H z z z z z z z z


= +
Hay:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 3
1 2 3
4 12 2 4 2
3 3 1 1
3 5 6 7
4 4 4 3 12 2
=
+
y n x n x n x n
x n x n x n x n



Bi 5.6, Bi 5.7, Bi 5.8 Cch lm tng t v d trn.
Bi 5.9
36
p n: Phng n a)
Bi 5.10
p n: Phng n c).
Bi 5.11
p n: Phng n d)
Bi 5.12
p n: Phng n a)
Bi 5.13
p n: Phng n c)
Bi 5.14
p n: Phng n b).
37
CU HI N TP V BI TP CHNG 6
Bi 6.1
Cho hm truyn t b lc tng t: ( )
1
1
+
=
s
s H
a

Hy chuyn sang b lc s bng phng php tng ng vi phn vi tthi gian ly mu
T=0.1
Bi 6.2
Bin i b lc tng t c hm h thng:
( )
9 ) 1 , 0 (
1 , 0
2
+ +
+
=
s
s
s H
a

thnh b lc s IIR nh phng php bt bin xung.
Bi 6.3
Cho mch in sau y:

Hy chuyn mch ny thnh mch s bng phng php tng ng vi phn
Bi 6.4
Hy chuyn b lc tng t sau sang b lc s bng phng php bin i song tuyn.


Bi 6.5
Xc nh cp v cc cc ca b lc Butterworth thng thp c rng bng -3dB l 500Hz
v suy gim 40dB ti 1000Hz.
Bi 6.6
B lc Butterworth c m t dng nh sau
38
( )
( )
0
1
a n
pk
k
H
H s
s s
=
=

; vi cc im cc
1 2 1
2 2
k
j
n
pk
s e


+


=
Trong
( )
0
1
1
n
pk
k
H s
=
= =

(chun ha)
Hy xc nh hm truyn t H
a
(s) khi n= 3
Bi 6.7
p ng bin tn s b lc s IIR theo phng php Butterworth c dng:


Hy cho bit tham s N v tham s
c
nh hnh v l:
a) bc ca b lc v tn s di chn b) chiu di ca b lc v tn s di thng
c) bc ca b lc v tn s ct d) chiu di ca b lc v tn s ct
Bi 6.8
Khi bc N ca b lc Butterworth tng ln th:
a) Cht lng ca b lc c ci thin.
b) Cht lng ca b lc gim i
c) Cht lng khng ph thuc vo vic tng bc N ca b lc
d) Cht lng khng b nh hng ch c tn s ct thay i.
Bi 6.9
p ng bnh phng bin tn s ca b lc Chebyshev loi I l:
a)
2 1
( )
1 ( / )
N c
H
T
=
+
b)
2
2 2
1
( )
1 ( / )
N c
H
T
=
+



39
c)
2
2
1
( )
1 ( / )
N c
H
T
=
+
d)
2
2 2
1
( )
1 ( / )
N c
H
T
=
+

Bi 6.10
p ng bnh phng bin tn s ca b lc Elip l:
a)
( )
2
2
1
( )
1 /
N c
H
U
=
+
b)
( )
2
2 2
1
( )
1 /
N c
H
U
=
+


c)
( )
2 1
( )
1 /
N c
H
U
=
+
d)
( )
c N
U
H
+
=
/ 1
1
) (
2
2

y ( ) x U
N
l hm elp Jacobian bc N .

P N CHNG VI
Bi 6.1
Ta c: nh x chuyn sang min s theo phng php tng ng vi phn l:
T
z
s
1
1

=
Do vy ta c: ( )
[ ]
)] 1 /( 1 [
) 1 /(
1 / 1 (
1
1
T z
T zT
T z
z H
+
+
=
+
=



Hay vi T=0.1: ( )
1
909 , 0 1
09 , 0
909 , 0
09 , 0

=
z
z
z
z H
Bi 6.2
Ta ch rng b lc tng t c mt im khng ti 1 . 0 = s v mt cp phc bin lin
hp ti:
0.1 3
pk
s j =
Ta tm ( ) z H trc tip theo khai trin phn thc ca ( ) s H
a
. Nh vy ta c:
( )
3 1 , 0
2
1
3 1 , 0
2
1
j s j s
s H
+ +
+
+
=
Khi :
40
( )
1 3 1 , 0 1 3 1 , 0
1
2
1
1
2
1


+

=
z e e z e e
z H
T j T T j T

V hai cc l phc lin hp, ta c th kt hp chng to ra b lc hai cc n vi hm h
thng:
( )
1 2 , 0 1 1 , 0
1 1 , 0
3 cos 2 1
3 cos 1


+

=
z e Tz e
Tz e
z H
T T
T

Bi 6.3
( )
ra
vo
a
u
H s
u
= , vi
2 2
ra vo 1
2 2
;
R sL R sL
u i u i R
R sL R sL

= = +

+ +


( )
( )
2 2
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
a
R sL R Ls
H s
R R R sL R sL R R R R Ls
= =
+ + + +

( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
1
1
2
2
1 1
1 2 1 2
1 2 1 2
1
1
1 1
s
s
s
z
R L
R L z
T
H z
z R R T R R L z
R R R R L
T

= =
+ +
+ +

( )
( )
( ) ( )
1
2
1
1 2 1 2 1 2
1
s
R L z
H z
R R T R R L R R Lz

=
+ + +

( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
1 2
1 2 1 2
1 2 1
1 2 1 2
1
1
s
s
R L
z
R R T R R L
H z
R R L
z
R R T R R L

+ +
=
+

+ +

( )
( )
( )
2
0 1 0
1 2 1 2
1 2
1
1 2 1 2
1 ;
1
s
s
R L
M b b b
R R T R R L
R R L
N a
R R T R R L
= = =
+ +
+
= =
+ +

Vy: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0 1 1
1 1 y n b x n b x n a y n = + +
Sau ta v s cu trc b lc s.
Bi 6.4
Tng t nh cc bi trn.
Bi 6.5
Cc tn s ti hn chnh l tn s -3dB
c
v tn s bng chn
s
. C th, chng bng:
41
1000 =
c

2000 =
s

ng vi suy gim 40dB, 01 . 0
2
= . V th, t (8.2.54) ta c:
64 , 6
2 log 2
) 1 10 ( log
10
4
10
=

= N
tho mn cc ch tiu mong mun, ta chn 7 = N . Cc v tr cc l:
[ ] / 2 (2 1) /14
1000 0, 1, 2, , 6
j k
pk
s e k

+ +
= =
Bi 6.6
Cc im cc ny u c phn b u trong vng trn Butterworth. Khi chun ha th
cc vng trn c bn knh l 1, khng chun ha th bn knh l
c
.
( )
( )
2 2
3 3
1
1
a
j j
H s
s s e s e

=

+



( )
( )
( )
2 2
2
2
3 3
1 1
2
1 1 2cos
1 1
3
a
j j
H s
s s s
s s s e e


= =


+ + +
+ + +






( )
( )
2
1
1 1
a
H s
s s s
=
+ +


Bi 6.7 p n: Phng n c)
Bi 6.8 p n: Phng n a)
Bi 6.9 p n: Phng n b)
Bi 6.10 p n: Phng n d)
42
CU HI V BI TP CHNG 7
Bi 7.1
Hy tnh ton DFT vi 15 = N im bng tch ca cc DFT 3 im v 5 im.
Bi 7.2
Chng minh rng mi s
( )
1 0
2
N k e
k N j

tng ng vi mt cn bc N ca n v. V nhng s ny dng cc pha trong mt
phng phc v minh ho tnh cht trc giao bng cch s dng nhn xt ny:
( ) ( )

=
=

l k
l k N
e e
N
n
n N j kn N j
0
1
0
2 2

Bi 7.3
Hy chng minh rng vi hnh dng cnh bm nh sau







Ta c:
1 1
1 1
Re ( ) 1; Re ( 1) 1
Re ( ) 1; Re ( 1) 1
i i
i i
X p X p
X q X q
+ +
+ +
< + <
< + <

Nu:
1
( )
2
i
X p < v
1
( )
2
i
X q <
Bi 7.4
V th lu tn hiu c 16 im s dng thut ton FFT c s 4 chia theo thi gian
trong dy u vo c trt t bnh thng v cc tnh ton c thc hin ti ch.
Bi 7.5
V th lu tn hiu c 16 im s dng thut ton FFT c s 4 chia theo thi gian,
trong dy vo v dy ra c trt t bnh thng.
1
( )
i
X q
( )
i
X p
1
( )
i
X q
+

1
( )
i
X p
+

43
P N CHNG VII
Bi 7.1
minh ho cho th tc tnh ton trn, chng ta hy xem xt vic tnh mt DFT 15 = N
im. 15 5 3 = = N nn ta chn 5 = L v 3 = M . Mt khc chng ta lu dy ( ) n x 15 im
theo kiu ct nh sau:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 14 2 , 4 9 1 , 4 4 0 , 4
13 2 , 3 8 1 , 3 3 0 , 3
12 2 , 2 7 1 , 2 2 0 , 2
11 2 , 1 6 1 , 1 1 0 , 1 : 2
10 2 , 0 5 1 , 0 0 0 , 0
x x x x x x
x x x x x x
x x x x x x
x x x x x x
x x x x x x
= = =
= = =
= = =
= = =
= = =
: 5 Hng
: 4 Hng
: 3 Hng
Hng
: 1 Hng


















By gi chng ta tnh ln lt DFT 3 im ca cc hng. Vic tnh ton ny dn n mng
53 sau :
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) 2 , 4 1 , 4 0 , 4
2 , 3 1 , 3 0 , 3
2 , 2 1 , 2 0 , 2
2 , 1 1 , 1 0 , 1
2 , 0 1 , 0 0 , 0
F F F
F F F
F F F
F F F
F F F

11
12
13
1
5
10
0
14
6
7
2
8
3
9
4
DFT 3 im
( ) 3 = M
lq
N
W
0
1
2
5
8
11
14
DFT 5 im
( ) 5 = L
Tnh ton DFT vi 15 = N im bng tch ca cc DFT 3 im v 5 im.
44
Trong bc tip theo cn phi nhn mi gi tr ( ) q l F , vi h s pha
lq lq
N
W W
15
= , vi
4 0 l v 2 0 q . Vic tnh ton ny dn n mng 53 :
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) 2 , 4 1 , 4 0 , 4
2 , 3 1 , 3 0 , 3
2 , 2 1 , 2 0 , 2
2 , 1 1 , 1 0 , 1
2 , 0
3
1 , 0 0 , 0
G G G
G G G
G G G
G G G
G G G
Ct 2 Ct 1 Ct

Bc cui cng l tnh ton DFT 5 im ln lt cho 3 hng. Vic tnh ton ln cui ny ta
nhn c cc gi tr mong mun ca DFT dng :
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 14 2 , 4 9 1 , 4 4 0 , 4
13 2 , 3 8 1 , 3 3 0 , 3
12 2 , 2 7 1 , 2 2 0 , 2
11 2 , 1 6 1 , 1 1 0 , 1
10 2 , 0 5 1 , 0 0 0 , 0
x X x X x X
x X x X x X
x X x X x X
x X x X x X
x X x X x X
= = =
= = =
= = =
= = =
= = =

Minh ho trong hnh 9.9 th hin cc bc tnh ton ny.
Ta cn quan tm n vic dy d liu c phn chia v kt qu DFT ( ) k X c lu trong
cc mng mt chiu. Khi dy u vo ( ) n x v dy u ra ca DFT ( ) k X trong cc mng hai
chiu c c cho t hng 1 sang hng 5 th cc dy chng ta nhn c l :
DY U VO
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 14 9 14 13 8 3 12 7 2 11 6 1 10 5 0 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
DY U RA
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

Chng ta thy rng dy u vo b xo trn t cc trt t bnh thng trong tnh ton DFT.
Mt khc, dy u ra li tun ng vi trt t. Trong trng hp ny vic sp xp li mng u
vo ph thuc vo vic phn on ca mng mt chiu thnh mng hai chiu v trt t m theo
cc tnh ton DFT c tnh. Vic xo trn ca dy d liu u vo hoc dy d liu u ra ny l
mt c tnh chung ca hu ht cc thut ton tnh ton FFT.
45
CU HI V BI TP CHNG 8
Bi 8.1
Cho b lc c hm truyn t
( )
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
1 0
1


+ +
+ +
=
z a z a
z b z b b
z H

Hy biu din b lc theo dng trc tip
Bi 8.2
Cho b lc c hm truyn t
( )
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
1 0
1


+ +
+ +
=
z a z a
z b z b b
z H

Hy biu din b lc theo dng chun tc trc tip II
Bi 8.3
Cho h thng c m t bi phng trnh sai phn sau:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 1 4 6 1 2 y n y n x n x n x n + = + +

Hy th hin h thng dng trc tip
Bi 8.4
Cho h thng c m t bi phng trnh sai phn sau:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 0.5 1 2 2 2 3 1 2 2 y n y n y n x n x n x n + + = + +

Hy v s h thng dng chun tc trc tip 2
Bi 8.5
Cho h thng vi hm truyn t
( )
1 2
1 2 3 4
3 2 0.5
2 2 3 0.5
z z
H z
z z z z


+ +
=
+ + + +

Hy v s thc hin h thng dng trc tip v chun tc.
Bi 8.6
Cho h thng c m t bi phng trnh sai phn sau:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 5 1 2 ( 3) 2 1 0.5 2 y n y n y n y n x n x n x n + + + = + +

Hy v s thc hin h thng dng trc tip v chun tc.
Bi 8.7
Cho mt lc dn 3 tng vi cc h s
3
1
,
2
1
,
4
1
3 2 1
= = = k k k , hy tm cc h s b lc FIR
c cu trc dng trc tip.
46
Bi 8.8
Cho mt lc dn 5 tng vi cc h s
1 2 3 4 5
1 1 1 1 1
, , , ,
4 2 3 4 2
k k k k k = = = = = , hy tm cc h
s b lc FIR c cu trc dng trc tip.
Bi 8.9
Tm cc h s dn tng ng vi b lc FIR c hm h thng:
( ) ( )
3 2 1
3
3
1
8
5
24
13
1

+ + + = = z z z z A z H
Bi 8.10
Tm cc h s dn tng ng vi b lc FIR c hm h thng:
( ) ( )
1 2
2
1 1
1
2 8
H z A z z z

= = + +

P N CHNG VIII
Bi 8.1





Bi 8.2







Bi 8.3
Phi a v dng:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 0.5 1 2 3 1 0.5 2 y n y n x n x n x n + = + +

( ) n y
0
b
( ) n x
2
b
1
b
+
1
a
2
a
+
1
z
+ +
1
z
1
z
1
z
2
b

( ) n y ( ) n x
0
b
1
b
+
+
1
a
a
2
+
+
1
z
1
z
47







Bi 8.4
Chuyn nh bi 8.2 ta c






Bi 8.5
Cch lm tng t bi 8.1, 8.2
Bi 8.6
Cch lm tng t bi 8.1, 8.2
Bi 8.7
Ta gii bi ton theo phng php quy vi 1 = m . Nh vy, ta c:
( ) ( ) ( )
1 1
1
0
1
1 0 1
4
1
1 1

+ = + =
+ =
z z k
z B z k z A z A

T cc h s ca b lc FIR tng ng vi dn 1 tng l ( ) 1 0
1
= , ( )
4
1
1
1 1
= = k . V
( ) z B
m
l a thc nghch o ca ( ) z A
m
, nn ta c:
( )
1
1
4
1

+ = z z B
K tip ta cng thm tng th hai vo dn. i vi 2 = m , cho:
( ) ( ) ( )
2 1
1
1
2 1 2
2
1
8
3
1

+ + =
+ =
z z
z B z k z A z A

2

( ) n y ( ) n x 2
3
+
+
2

+
+
1
z
1
z
( ) n y
0
b
( ) n x
2
b
1
b
+
0.5
+
1
z
+
1
z
1
z
48
Do cc tham s b lc FIR tng ng vi dn hai tng l ( ) , 1 0
2
=
( ) ( )
2
1
2 ,
8
3
1
2 2
= = . V ta cng c:
( )
2 1
2
8
3
2
1

+ + = z z z B
Cui cng, vic b xung thm tng th 3 vo dn s dn n a thc:
( ) ( ) ( )
3 2 1
2
1
3 2 3
3
1
8
5
24
13
1

+ + + =
+ =
z z z
z B z k z A z A

V vy, b lc FIR dng trc tip cn tm c c trng bi cc h s:
( ) , 1 0
3
= ( ) ( )
8
5
2 ,
24
13
1
3 3
= = v ( )
3
1
3
3
=
Bi 8.8
Cch lm tng t bi 8.7

Bi 8.9
Trc ht ta lu rng ( )
3
1
3
3 3
= = K . Hn na:
( )
3 2 1
3
24
13
8
5
3
1

+ + + = z z z z B
H thc gim bc vi 3 = m c:
( )
( ) ( )
2 1
2
3
3 3 3
2
2
1
8
3
1
1

+ + =

=
z z
K
z B K z A
z A

V th ( )
2
1
2
2 2
= = K v ( )
2 1
2
8
3
2
1

+ + = z z z B . Bng s lp li php quy h tng
bc ta t c:
( )
( ) ( )
1
2
2
2 2 2
1
4
1
1
1

+ =

=
z
K
z B K z A
z A

Do ( )
4
1
1
1 1
= = K
Bi 8.10
Cch lm tng t bi 8.9
49
CU HI V BI TP CHNG 9
Bi 9.1
Cho tn hiu:
1 0 6
( ) 6
0
n
n
x n
n

Hy xc nh tn hiu khi i qua b phn chia vi h s M=2
Bi 9.2
( )
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2 3 2 3 2 X z z z z z z z z

= + + + + + +
Hy xc nh tn hiu ( )
M
Y z

vi M=2
Bi 9.3
Cho ph tn hiu
/ 2 3
2
/ 2
( )
j
X e

3
2

Hy xc nh
( )
2
j
Y e

Bi 9.4
Cho ( )
1 0 6
3
0
n
n
x n
n

Hy xc nh: ( )
2
y n

Bi 9.5
Cho tn hiu ( ) { } 1, 3, 3,1 x n = . Tn hiu ny qua b ni suy vi L = 2.
Tm X(z) = ? v ( ) ?
L
Y z

=
Bi 9.6
Cho ph tn hiu
50
/ 2 3
2
/ 2
( )
j
X e

3
2

Hy xc nh
( )
2
?
j
Y e

=
Bi 9.7
Cho 2 s
S 1:
( ) ( )
( )
( )
H z L
L LH
X z Y z Y z

S 2:
( )
( )
( ) ( )
H z L
H H L
X z Y z Y z

Hy chng minh 2 s tng ng.
Bi 9.8
Cho tn hiu: ( )
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 X z z z z z z z

= + + + + + +
Tn hiu ny i qua b ly mu
2
3
v
2
3
. Tm ( )
2
3
? Y z

= v ( )
2
3
? Y z

=
Bi 9. 9
Cho ( ) ( )
2
x n rect n =
( )
1 0 3
3
0
n
n
h n
n

Tnh ( )
2
?
H
y z

=
Bi 9. 10
Cho ( ) ( )
2
x n rect n =
( )
1 0 3
3
0
n
n
h n
n

Tnh ( )
2
?
H
Y z

=
51
P N CHNG IX
Bi 9.1
Tng t v d 9.1 ta c: sau khi chun ho tn hiu i qua b phn chia
l: ( ) ( )
2
2. y n x n

=
( )
2
0 y

= 1; ( )
2
1 y

= 2/3; ( )
2
2 y

= 1/3;
Bi 9.2
Cch lm ging v d 9.2
Bi 9.3
Cch lm ging v d 9.3
Bi 9.4
( )
2
0, 1 , 2 ,...
0
n
x n L L
y n L
n

Ta c: ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 2
0 1 2 3
3 3
y y y

= = =
Bi 9.5
( )
1 2 3 4
3 3 X z z z z z

= + + +
( )
2 4 6 8
2
3 3 Y z z z z z

= + + +
Bi 9.6
( ) ( )
2
2
j j
Y e X e

=
Ta v ra thy ph b nn li mt na ging v d 9.6
Bi 9.7
S 1:
( ) ( )
( )
( )
H z L
L LH
X z Y z Y z

( ) ( )
L
L
Y z X z

=
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) . .
L
LH L
Y z Y z H z X z H z

= =
S 2:
( )
( )
( ) ( )
H z L
H H L
X z Y z Y z

52
( ) ( ) ( )
H
Y z X z H z =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
.
L L L
H H L
Y z Y z X z H z

= =
Kt lun: 2 s tng ng
L ( )
H
L
z
L

Bi 9.8
Cho tn hiu: ( )
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 X z z z z z z z

= + + + + + +
Tn hiu ny i qua b ly mu
2
3
v
2
3
. Tm ( )
2
3
? Y z

= v ( )
2
3
? Y z

=
Bi 9. 9
( )
1
1 X z z

= +
( )
1 2
2 1
1
3 3
H z z z

= + +
( ) ( ) ( ) .
H
Y z X z H z =
( )
1 2 1 2
1
2 2 2 2
2
0
1
.
2
j l j l
H
l
Y z X z e H z e

=

=

( )
1 1
2 2
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
2
( ) ( )
1
[ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )]
2
H H
H
Y z Y z
Y z X z H z X z H z

= +


C th ta tip tc tnh tng t nh v 9.10
Bi 9. 10
( )
1
1 X z z

= +
( ) ( )
2 2
2
1 Y z X z z

= = +
( )
1 2
2 1
1
3 3
H z z z

= + +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2
. .
H
Y z Y z H z X z H z

= =
T y ta thc hin tng t ging v d 9.14