Hng dn gii chi tit Ha khi A nm 2013_M 374 Thnh ng

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P N CHI TIT CHO THI TUYN SINH I HC NM 2013
MN HA HC KHI A M 374


Cho bit nguyn t khi (theo vc) ca cc nguyn t:
H = 1; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32; Cl = 35,5; P = 31; Ca = 40;
Cr = 52, Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Br = 80; Ag =108; Ba = 137.
I. PHN CHUNG CHO TT C TH SINH (40 cu, t cu 1 n cu 40)
Cu 1 : Hn hp X gm 3,92 gam Fe, 16 gam Fe
2
O
3
v m gam Al. Nung X nhit cao trong iu
kin khng c khng kh, thu c hn hp cht rn Y. Chia Y thnh hai phn bng nhau. Phn mt
tc dng vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
long (d), thu c 4a mol kh H
2
. Phn hai phn ng vi dung dch
NaOH d, thu c a mol kh H
2
. Bit cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca m l
A. 5,40 B. 3,51 C. 7,02 D. 4,05
p n C
Hng dn:

n
Fe
= 0.07 mol, n
Fe2O3
= 0.1 mol
- Phn 2 phn ng vi NaOH
d
sinh a mol kh H
2
Al phn ng cn d Fe
2
O
3
ht
- Phn 1 phn ng vi vi H
2
SO
4
sinh 4a mol kh H
2
Al sinh a mol v Fe sinh 3a mol
Trong phn 1: n
Al
= a/1.5 v n
Fe
= 3a Trong hn hp Y th n
Al d
= 2a/1.5 v n
Fe
= 6a
- Do Fe
2
O
3
phn ng ht nn n
Fe lc sau
= n
Fe
+ 2*n
Fe2O3
= 0.07 + 0.2 = 6a
a = 0.045 mol n
Al d
= 0.06
- Phn ng: Fe
2
O
3
+ 2Al

2Fe + Al
2
O
3

0.1 0.2 mol (Do Al d nn Fe
2
O
3
phn ng ht)
n
Al ban u
= 0.06 + 0.2

= 0.26 mol m = 7.02 gam
Cu 2: Trong iu kin thch hp, xy ra cc phn ng sau
(a) 2H
2
SO
4
+ C 2SO
2
+ CO
2
+ 2H
2
O
(b) H
2
SO
4
+ Fe(OH)
2
FeSO
4
+ 2H
2
O
(c) 4H
2
SO
4
+ 2FeO Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ SO
2
+ 4H
2
O
(d) 6H
2
SO
4
+ 2Fe Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3SO
2
+ 6H
2
O
Trong cc phn ng trn, phn ng xy ra vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
long l
A. (a) B. (c) C. (b) D. (d)
p n C
Hng dn:

Cc phn ng (a), (c), (d) l ca axit H
2
SO
4
c.
Cu 3: Trong mt bnh kn cha 0,35 mol C
2
H
2
; 0,65 mol H
2
v mt t bt Ni. Nung nng bnh mt
thi gian, thu c hn hp kh X c t khi so vi H
2
bng 8. Sc X vo lng d dung dch
AgNO
3
trong NH
3
n phn ng hon ton, thu c hn hp kh Y v 24 gam kt ta. Hn hp kh
Y phn ng va vi bao nhiu mol Br
2
trong dung dch?
A. 0,10 mol. B. 0,20 mol. C. 0,25 mol. D. 0,15 mol
p n D
Hng dn:

Dng bi ton v hn hp gm ton cht kh S dng phng php bo ton KL
- Khi lng hn hp: m
hh
= 0.35*26 + 0.65*2 = 10.4 g
- Bo ton khi lng ta c: m
hn hp kh trc
= m
hn hp kh sau
= 10.4 g
- S mol kh lc sau: n
kh lc sau
= 10.4/(8*2) = 0.65 mol
- S mol kh gim chnh l s mol ca Hiro phn ng (cng vi C
2
H
2
to thnh C
2
H
4

v C
2
H
6
do Nung nng bnh mt thi gian,

): n
H2 p
= (0.65 + 0.35) 0.65 = 0.35 mol
- Phn ng to kt ta: C
2
H
2
C
2
Ag
2

0.1 mol 0.1 mol
Hng dn gii chi tit Ha khi A nm 2013_M 374 Thnh ng

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n
C2H2 p
= 0.35 0.1 = 0.25 mol
- Phn ng cng H
2
xy

ra:
C
2
H
2
+ H
2
C
2
H
4
(1) C
2
H
2
+ 2H
2
C
2
H
6

x x mol y 2y mol
- Ta c h phng trnh: x + y = 0.25 mol (tng s mol C
2
H
2
phn ng)
2x + y = 0.35 mol (tng s mol H
2
phn ng)
x = 0.1, y = 0.15 mol
- Hn hp Y phn ng vi dung dch Br
2
:
C
2
H
4
+ Br
2
C
2
H
4
Br
2

0.15 0.15 mol
Cu 4: iu kin thch hp xy ra cc phn ng sau:
(a) 2C + Ca CaC
2
(b) C + 2H
2
CH
4

(c) C + CO
2
2CO (d) 3C + 4Al Al
4
C
3

Trong cc phn ng trn, tnh kh ca cacbon th hin phn ng
A. (c) B. (b) C. (a) D. (d)
p n A
Hng dn: Cc phn ng cn li C u th hin tnh oxi ha.
Cu 5: Ln men m gam glucoz to thnh ancol etylic (hiu sut phn ng bng 90%). Hp th
hon ton lng kh CO
2
sinh ra vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
d, thu c 15 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m
l
A. 15,0 B. 18,5 C. 45,0 D. 7,5
p n A
Hng dn:
- Phn ng ln men glucoz: C
6
H
12
O
6
2C
2
H
5
OH + 2CO
2
(H = 90%)
- Ta c: n
CO2
= n
CaCO3
= 15/100 = 0.15 mol
m
glucoz
= [0.5*n
CO2
/0.9]*180 = 15 g
Cu 6: Hn hp X gm Ba v Al. Cho m gam X vo nc d, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon
ton, thu c 8,96 lt kh H
2
(ktc). Mt khc, ha tan hon ton m gam X bng dung dch NaOH,
thu c 15,68 lt kh H
2
(ktc). Gi tr ca m l
A. 29,9 B. 24,5 C. 19,1 D. 16,4
p n B
Hng dn:
- Khi cho Ba v Al vo nc th Ba p vi nc to thnh OH
-
v H
2,
sau Al phn ng
vi OH
-
to thnh kh H
2
). Khi cho Ba v Al vo NaOH th Ba v Al phn ng ht hon
ton.
- Ta c n
kh (2)
= 0.7 mol > n
kh (1)
= 0.4 mol phn ng (1) Al cha tan ht do
thiu OH
-

- Lng OH
-
thiu ha tan ht Al (1): n
OH thiu
= n
Al cha tan
= n
H2 t hn
/1.5 = 0.3/1.5 = 0.2
mol
n
Ba(OH)2 thiu
= 0.1 mol
- Ta c h phng trnh:
n
Ba
+ 1.5*n
Al
= 0.7 mol ( phn ng 2)
n
Ba
+ 0.1 = 0.5*n
Al
(thiu 0.1mol Ba ha tan ht Al, Ba : Al = 1 :2 )
n
Ba
= 0.1 mol; n
Al
= 0.4 mol m = 24.5 g
Cu 7: Khi lng Ag thu c khi cho 0,1 mol CH
3
CHO phn ng hon ton vi lng d dung
dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, un nng l
A. 10,8 gam B. 43,2 gam C. 16,2 gam D. 21,6 gam
Hng dn gii chi tit Ha khi A nm 2013_M 374 Thnh ng

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p n D
Hng dn:
- CH
3
CHO l anehit n chc phn ng trng gng to 2Ag
- Khi lng Ag to thnh: m
Ag
= 108*[2n
CH3CHO
] = 21.6 g
Cu 8: Cho bt Fe vo dung dch gm AgNO
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton,
thu c dung dch X gm hai mui v cht rn Y gm hai kim loi. Hai mui trong X v hai kim
loi trong Y ln lt l:
A. Cu(NO
3
)
2
; Fe(NO
3
)
2
v Cu; Fe B. Cu(NO
3
)
2
; Fe(NO
3
)
2
v Ag; Cu
C. Fe(NO
3
)
2
; Fe(NO
3
)
3
v Cu; Ag D. Cu(NO
3
)
2
; AgNO
3
v Cu; Ag
p n B
Hng dn:
- Dy in ha ca kim loi: Fe
2+
Cu
2+
Ag
+
Fe
3+

- 2 mui to thnh l ca ion c tnh oxi ha yu hn (ly t tri sang): Fe
2+
v Cu
2+

- 2 KL to thnh l ca KL c tnh kh yu hn (ly t phi sang): Ag v Cu
- Cch khc: loi A do Fe tc dng vi Cu
2+
, loi C do Cu tc dng vi Fe
3+
, loi D do Cu
tc dng vi Ag
+

Cu 9: Cho 100 ml dung dch amino axit X nng 0,4M tc dng va vi 80 ml dung dch
NaOH 0,5M, thu c dung dch cha 5 gam mui. Cng thc ca X l
A. NH
2
C
3
H
6
COOH B. NH
2
C
3
H
5
(COOH)
2

C. (NH
2
)
2
C
4
H
7
COOH D. NH
2
C
2
H
4
COOH
p n A
Hng dn: n
amino axit
= 0.04 mol; n
NaOH
= 0.04 mol X l amino axit ch c 1 gc COOH
- PTP: H
2
N-R-COOH + NaOH H
2
N-R-COONa + H
2
O
0.04 mol 0.04 mol
- M
H2N-R-COONa
= 5/0.04 = 125 R = 42 R = C
3
H
6
NH
2
C
3
H
6
COOH
Cu 10: Cho 1,37 gam Ba vo 1 lt dung dch CuSO
4
0,01 M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon
ton, khi lng kt ta thu c l
A. 3,31 gam B. 2,33 gam C. 1,71 gam D. 0,98 gam
p n A
Hng dn: n
Cu
2+
n
SO4
2-
= 0.01 mol; n
Ba
2+
= 0.01 mol n
OH
-

= 0.02 mol
- Phng trnh ion thu gn: Ba
2+
+ SO
4
2-
BaSO
4

0.01 0.01 0.01 mol (va )
- Cu
2+
+ 2OH
-
Cu(OH)
2

0.01 0.02 0.01 mol (va )
m
kt ta
= m
BaSO4
+ m
Cu(OH)2
= 0.01*233 + 98*0.01 = 3.31 g
Cu 11: Khi c chiu sng, hirocacbon no sau y tham gia phn ng th vi clo theo t l mol
1 : 1, thu c ba dn xut monoclo l ng phn cu to ca nhau?
A. isopentan. B. pentan. C. neopentan. D. butan.
p n B
Hng dn: isopentan c 4 v tr th, pentan c 3, neopentan c 1 v butan c 2.
Cu 12: Oxi ha hon ton 3,1 gam photpho trong kh oxi d. Cho ton b sn phm vo 200 ml
dung dch NaOH 1M n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X. Khi lng mui
trong X l
A. 14,2 gam B. 11,1 gam C. 16,4 gam D. 12,0 gam
p n A
Hng dn: n
H3PO4
= n
P
= 0.1 mol, n
NaOH
= 0.2 mol
-
Ta c t l: n
NaOH
/ n
H3PO4
= 0.2 / 0.1 = 2 To mui duy nht Na
2
HPO
4
(0.1 mol)

Hng dn gii chi tit Ha khi A nm 2013_M 374 Thnh ng

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-
Khi lng mui: m
Na2HPO4
= 142*0.1 mol = 14.2 g

Cu 13: Cho X l hexapeptit, Ala-Gly-Ala-Val-Gly-Val v Y l tetrapeptit Gly-Ala-Gly-Glu. Thy
phn hon ton m gam hn hp gm X v Y thu c 4 amino axit, trong c 30 gam glyxin v
28,48 gam alanin. Gi tr ca m l
A. 77,6 B. 83,2 C. 87,4 D. 73,4
p n B
Hng dn: n
Gly
= 30/75 = 0.4 mol, n
Ala
= 28.48/89 = 0.32 mol
- t x, y ln lt l s mol ca X v Y, ta c: 2x + 2y = 0.4 mol
2x + y = 0.32 mol
- Ta c: M
Gly
= 75; M
Ala
= 89; M
Val
= 117; M
Glu
= 147
M
X
= (75*2 + 89*2 + 117*2) 18*5 = 472; M
Y
= 75*2 + 89 + 147 18*3 = 332
x = 0.12 mol, y = 0.08 mol m = 0.12*472 + 0.08*332 = 83.2 g

Cu 14: trng thi c bn, cu hnh electron ca nguyn t Na( Z = 11) l
A. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
5
3s
2
B. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
4
3s
1
C. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
D. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
1

p n A
Hng dn: Cu ny cho im TS!!!!
Cu 15: Hn hp X cha ba axit cacboxylic u n chc, mch h, gm mt axit no v hai axit
khng no u c mt lin kt i (C=C). Cho m gam X tc dng va vi 150 ml dung dch NaOH
2M, thu c 25,56 gam hn hp mui. t chy hon ton m gam X, hp th ton b sn phm
chy bng dung dch NaOH d, khi lng dung dch tng thm 40,08 gam. Tng khi lng ca hai
axit cacboxylic khng no trong m gam X l
A. 15,36 gam B. 9,96 gam C. 18,96 gam D. 12,06 gam
p n D
Hng dn:
- Do cc axit u n chc nn ta t CT cc axit l R-COOH, ta c:
n
R-COOH
= n
NaOH
= 0.3 mol; m
R-COOH
= m
R-COONa
22*n
NaOH
= 25,56 6.6 = 18.96 g
M
R-COOH
= 18.96/0.3 = 63.2 Axit no n c M < 63.2 l HCOOH hoc CH
3
COOH
- Bo ton khi lng trong phn ng t chy: n
O2
= [m
CO2
+ m
H2O
m
axit
]/32 = 0.66 mol
- Bo ton nguyn t phn ng t chy: 2n
R-COOH
+ 2n
O2
= 2n
CO2
+ n
H2O
= 1.92 mol (1)
- cho tng khi lng sn phm: 4n
CO2
+ 18n
H2O
= 40.08 g (2)
n
CO2
= 0.69 mol; n
H2O
= 0.54 mol n
2 axit ko no c 1
= n
CO2
n
H2O
= 0.15 mol
n
axit no
= 0.3 0.15 = 0.15 mol. (n y c th th vi 2 axit HCOOH v CH
3
COOH)
- t axit no l C
n
H
2n
O
2
, 2 axit khng no l C
m
H
2m-2
O
2
, s mol CO
2
:
n
CO2
= n*0.15 + m * 0.15 = 0.69 n + m = 4.6 (vi n = 1 hoc n = 2)
Vi n = 2 m = 2.6 C 1 axit khng no c s C < 2.6 (Loi v ko c axit no tha)
Vi n = 1 m = 3.6 (nhn) m
2 axit ko no
= 18.96 0.15*46 = 12.06 g
Cu 16: Dung dch axit axetic phn ng c vi tt c cc cht trong dy no sau y?
A. Na, NaCl, CuO B. Na, CuO, HCl C. NaOH, Na, CaCO
3
D. NaOH, Cu, NaCl
p n C
Hng dn: Axit axetic khng phn ng vi NaCl (loi A, D), HCl (loi B), Cu (loi D)
Cu 17: Tn thay th (theo IUPAC) ca (CH
3
)
3
C-CH
2
-CH(CH
3
)
2
l
A. 2,2,4-trimetylpentan B. 2,2,4,4-tetrametylbutan
C. 2,4,4,4-tetrametylbutan D. 2,4,4-trimetylpentan
p n C
Cu 18: T nilon-6,6 l sn phm trng ngng ca
A. etylen glicol v hexametyleniamin B. axit aipic v glixerol
C. axit aipic v etylen glicol. D. axit aipic v hexametyleniamin
Hng dn gii chi tit Ha khi A nm 2013_M 374 Thnh ng

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p n D
Cu 19: Hn hp X gm Na, Ba, Na
2
O v BaO. Ha tan hon ton 21,9 gam X vo nc, thu c
1,12 lt kh H
2
(ktc) v dung dch Y, trong c 20,52 gam Ba(OH)
2
. Hp th hon ton 6,72 lt kh
CO
2
(ktc) vo Y, thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 23,64 B. 15,76 C. 21,92 D. 39,40
p n B
Hng dn: Quy i hn hp thnh Na (x mol), Ba (ymol) v O (z mol), ta c:
- Phn ng: Na + H
2
O NaOH + 0.5 H
2

Ba + 2H
2
O Ba(OH)
2
+ H
2
(bn cht phn ng khng i)
O + H
2
H
2
O
- Ta c h phng trnh: 23x + 137y + 16z = 21.9 g
0.5x + y z = 0.05 mol (s mol kh H
2
sn phm cn li)
y = 20.52 / 171 = 0.12 mol (s mol Ba = s mol Ba(OH)
2
)
x = 0.14, y = 0.12, z = 0.14 (mol) n
OH
-
= n
NaOH
+ 2n
Ba(OH)2
= 0.14 + 2*0.12 = 0.38 mol
- Ta c: n
CO3
-
= n
OH
-
- n
CO2
= 0.38 0.3 = 0.8 mol < n
Ba
2+
= 0.12 mol
n
BaCO3
= 0.08*197 = 15.76 g
Cu 20: Hp cht X c thnh phn gm C, H, O cha vng benzen. Cho 6,9 gam X vo 360 ml dung
dch NaOH 0,5 M (d 20% so vi lng cn phn ng) n phn ng hon ton, thu c dung dch
Y. C cn Y thu c m gam cht rn khan. Mt khc, t chy hon ton 6,9 gam X cn va
7,84 lt O
2
(ktc), thu c 15,4 gam CO
2
. Bit X c cng thc phn t trng vi cng thc n gin
nht. Gi tr ca m l
A. 13,2 B. 12,3 C. 11,1 D. 11,4
p n B
Hng dn: n
NaOH p
= 0.36*0.5/120% = 0.15 mol, n
O2
= 0.35 mol, n
CO2
= 0.35 mol
- Bo ton khi lng phn ng t chy: m
H2O
= m
X
+ m
O2
m
CO2
= 2.7 g n
H2O
= 0.15 mol
- Bo ton nguyn t O: n
O trong X
= 2n
CO2
+ n
H2O
2n
O2
= 0.15 mol
- Ta c: n
C trong X
= n
CO2
= 0.35 mol, n
H trong X
= 2n
H2
= 0.3 mol
- Lp t l: n
C
: n
H
: n
O
= 0.35 : 0.3 : 0.15 = 7 : 6 : 3 CTPT = CTDGN ca X l C
7
H
6
O
3

X c 1 lin kt X c gc -COO
- n
X
= 6.9 / 138 = 0.05 mol. T l n
NaOH
/ n
X
= 3:1 X l este ca phenol: HCOOC
6
H
4
OH
- Phn ng: HCOOC
6
H
4
OH + 3NaOH HCOONa + C
6
H
4
(ONa)
2
+ 2H
2
O
0.05 mol 0.1 mol
- Bo ton khi lng trong phn ng: m
X
+ m
NaOH
= m + m
H2O

m = 6.9 + 0.18*40 0.1*18 = 12.3 g
Cu 21: Bit X l axit cacboxylic n chc, Y l ancol no, c hai cht u mch h, c cng s
nguyn t cacbon. t chy hon ton 0,4 mol hn hp gm X v Y (trong s mol ca X ln hn
s mol ca Y) cn va 30,24 lt kh O
2
, thu c 26,88 lt kh CO
2
v 19,8 gam H
2
O. Bit th tch
cc kh o iu kin tiu chun. Khi lng Y trong 0,4 mol hn hp trn l
A. 17,7 gam B. 9,0 gam C. 11,4 gam D. 19,0 gam
p n C
Hng dn: n
O2
= 1.35 mol; n
CO2
= 1.2 mol; n
H2O
= 1.1 mol
- S C
TB
= n
CO2
/ n
hh
= 1.2 / 0.4 = 3 X v Y c 3C Ancol c dng C
3
H
8
O
z
(ancol no)
- S H
TB
= 2n
H2O
/ n
hh
= 2*1.1/0.4 = 5.5 X l axit c s H < 5.5, n chc ( v Y c 8H)
X l C
3
H
4
O
2
hoc C
3
H
2
O
2
.
bi cho s mol ca X ln hn Y. S H trung bnh gn X hn X l C
3
H
4
O
2

- Ta c h phng trnh: n
X
+ n
Y
= 0.4 mol
2n
X
+ 4n
Y
= 1.1 mol
Hng dn gii chi tit Ha khi A nm 2013_M 374 Thnh ng

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n
X
= 0.25 mol; x
Y
= 0.15 mol
- Bo ton nguyn t O trong phn ng chy: 2n
X
+ z*n
Y
+2n
O2=
= 2n
CO2
+ n
H2O

z = 2 Ancol Y l C
3
H
8
O
2
m
Y
= 0.15*76 = 11.4 g
Cu 22: Tin hnh cc th nghim sau
(a) Sc kh etilen vo dung dch KMnO
4
long.
(b) Cho hi ancol etylic i qua bt CuO nung nng.
(c) Sc kh etilen vo dung dch Br
2
trong CCl
4
.
(d) Cho dung dch glucoz vo dung dch AgNO
3
, trong NH
3
d, un nng.
(e) Cho Fe
2
O
3
vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
c, nng.
Trong cc th nghim trn, s th nghim c xy ra phn ng oxi ha - kh l
A. 5. B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
p n D
Hng dn: Cc phn ng oxi ha kh: a, b, c, d
a) CH
2
=CH
2
+ 2KMnO
4
+ 4H
2
O 3HOCH
2
-CH
2
OH + 2MnO
2
+ 2KOH
b) C
2
H
5
OH + CuO CH
3
-CHO + Cu + H
2
O
c) CH
2
=CH
2
+ Br
2
CH
2
Br-CH
2
Br
d) C
6
H
12
O
6
+ 2AgNO
3
+ 2NH
3
+ H
2
O OHCH
2
-[CH-OH]
4
- COOH + 2Ag + 2NH
4
NO
3

Cu 23: Cho s cc phn ng:
X + NaOH (dung dch) Y + Z; Y + NaOH (rn) T + P;
T Q + H
2
; Q + H
2
O Z.
Trong s trn, X v Z ln lt l
A. HCOOCH=CH
2
v HCHO B. CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
v CH
3
CHO
C. CH
3
COOCH=CH
2
v CH
3
CHO D. CH
3
COOCH=CH
2
v HCHO
p n C
Hng dn: T phn ng phn hy ca T 1500
0
C T l CH
4
, Q l C
2
H
2

- T phn ng iu ch ra T Y l CH
3
COONa X c dng CH
3
COO- Loi A
- Phn ng: C
2
H
2
+ H
2
O CH
3
CHO (Z) X l CH
3
COOCH=CH
2
(p n C)
Cu 24: ng vi cng thc phn t C
4
H
10
O c bao nhiu ancol l ng phn cu to ca nhau?
A. 3 B. 5 C. 4 D. 2
p n C
Hng dn: Cng thc s ng phn C
n
H
2n+2
O
2
= 2
n-2

( 1 < n < 6 )
- Ancol no, n chc c dng R-OH. S ng phn ca gc R l 2
n-2

= 2
2
= 4 p
1) C
4
H
9
OH 2) C
3
H
6
(CH
3
)-OH
3) CH
3
-CH(CH
3
)-CH
2
-OH 4) CH
3
-(OH)C(CH
3
)-CH
2
-OH
Cu 25: Cho m gam Fe vo bnh cha dung dch gm H
2
SO
4
v HNO
3
, thu c dung dch X v
1,12 lt kh NO. Thm tip dung dch H
2
SO
4
d vo bnh thu c 0,448 lt kh NO v dung dch Y.
Bit trong c hai trng hp NO l sn phn kh duy nht, o iu kin tiu chun. Dung dch Y
ha tan va ht 2,08 gam Cu (khng to thnh sn phm kh ca N
+5
). Bit cc phn ng u xy ra
hon ton. Gi tr ca m l
A. 2,40 B. 4,20 C. 4,06 D. 3,92
p n C
Hng dn: S phn ng Fe Fe
2+

NO
3
NO
Cu Cu
2
+
- Bo ton electron cho qu trnh phn ng: 2n
Fe
+ 2n
Cu
= 3n
NO

n
Fe
= [3*(0.05 + 0.02) 2*0.0325] / 2 = 0.145 mol m
Fe
= 4.06 g
t
0

1500
0
C
t
0
, CaO
t
0
, xt
Hng dn gii chi tit Ha khi A nm 2013_M 374 Thnh ng

7

Cu 26: Lin kt ha hc gia cc nguyn t trong phn t HCl thuc loi lin kt
A. cng ha tr khng cc B. ion
C. cng ha tr c cc D. hiro
p n C
Hng dn:
- Cc cht c lin kt CHT c cc: HX, SO
2
, NH
3
, H
2
O, CO
2
(phn t CO
2
ko phn cc)
- Cc cht c lin kt CHT ko cc: X
2
, ankan, anken, ankin.
Cu 27: Thc hin cc th nghim sau
(a) Cho dung dch HCl vo dung dch Fe(NO
3
)
2

(b) Cho FeS vo dung dch HCl.
(c) Cho Si vo dung dch NaOH c.
(d) Cho dung dch AgNO
3
vo dung dch NaF.
(e) Cho Si vo bnh cha kh F
2
.
(f) Sc kh SO
2
vo dung dch H
2
S.
Trong cc th nghim trn, s th nghim xy ra phn ng l
A. 6 B. 5 C. 4 D. 3
p n B
Hng dn: Cc phn ng xy ra: a, b, c, e, f
a) 3Fe
2+
+ 4H
+
+ NO
3
-
3Fe
3+
+ NO + 2H
2
O
b) FeS + HCl FeCl
2
+ H
2
S (CuS, PbS th ko tan)
c) Si + 2NaOH

+ H
2
O Na
2
SiO
3
+ 2H
2
(SiO
2
ch tan trong kim nng chy)
e) Si + 2F
2
SiF
4
( t
0
thng ch tc dng vi F
2
)
d) SO
2
+ 2H
2
S 3S + 2H
2
O
Cu 28: Ha tan hon ton m gam Al bng dung dch HNO
3
long, thu c 5,376 lt (ktc) hn hp
kh X gm N
2
, N
2
O v dung dch cha 8m gam mui. T khi ca X so vi H
2
bng 18. Gi tr ca m
l
A. 17,28 B. 19,44 C. 18,90 D. 21,60
p n D
Hng dn: Dng bi KL c tnh kh mnh nh Al, Mg tc dng vi HNO
3
(hoc H
2
SO
4
)
cn ch sn phm c th c mui NH
4
NO
3
.
- Ta c h: n
N2
+ n
N2O
= 0.24 mol
28n
N2
+ 44n
N2O
= 0.24*18*2 g
n
N2
= 0.12 mol; n
N2O
= 0.12 mol
- Bo ton electron cho phn ng: 3n
Al
= 10n
N2
+ 8n
N2O
+ 8n
NH4NO3

3*m/27 = 10*0.12 + 8*0.12 + 8*n
NH3NO3
n
NH3NO3
= m/72 0.27 (mol)
- Khi lng mui to thnh: m
mui
= m
Al(NO3)3
+ m
NH3NO3

8m = 213*(m/27) + 80*( m/72 0.27) m = 21.6 g
Cu 29: Cho hn hp X gm 0,01 mol Al v a mol Fe vo dung dch AgNO
3
n khi phn ng hon
ton, thu c m gam cht rn Y v dung dch Z cha 3 cation kim loi. Cho Z phn ng vi dung
dch NaOH d trong iu kin khng c khng kh, thu c 1,97 gam kt ta T. Nung T trong
khng kh n khi lng khng i, thu c 1,6 gam cht rn ch cha mt cht duy nht. Gi tr
ca m l
A. 8,64 B. 3,24 C. 6,48 D. 9,72
p n D
Hng dn:
- Do Al
3+
tan trong OH
-
d
. Nung kt ta T (hidroxit ca Fe
3+
, c th c Fe
2+
) trong
khng kh chc chn to thnh Fe
2
O
3
.
Hng dn gii chi tit Ha khi A nm 2013_M 374 Thnh ng

8

- Ta c: n
Fe2O3
= 0.01 mol n
Fe ban u
= 0.02 mol
- Ta c h: n
Fe
2+
+ n
Fe
3+
= 0.02 mol
90*n
Fe
2+
+ 107*n
Fe
3+
= 1.97 g
n
Fe
2+
= n
Fe
3+
= 0.01 mol
- Bo ton electron: 3n
Al
+ 2n
Fe
2+
+ 3n
Fe
3+
= n
Ag to ra

m = 108*(3*0.01 + 2*0.01 + 3*0.01) = 8.64 g
Cu 30: Cht no sau y khng to kt ta khi cho vo dung dch AgNO
3
?
A. HCl B. K
3
PO
4
C. KBr D. HNO
3
p n D
Hng dn:
- AgNO
3
+ HCl AgCl
trng
+ HNO
3

- 3AgNO
3
+ K
3
PO
4
Ag
3
PO
4

vng
+ KNO
3

- AgNO
3
+ KBr AgBr
vng
+ HNO
3

Cu 31: Phenol phn ng c vi dung dch no sau y?
A. NaCl. B. KOH. C. NaHCO
3
. D. HCl.
p n B
Hng dn: Phenol tc dng c vi kim, kim loi kim, nc Brom
C
6
H
5
OH + KOH C
6
H
5
OK + H
2
O
Cu 32: Cho cc cn bng ha hc sau:
(a) H
2
(k) + I
2
(k)

2HI (k). (b) 2NO
2
(k)

N
2
O
4
(k).
(c) 3H
2
(k) + N
2
(k)

2NH
3
(k). (d) 2SO
2
(k) + O
2
(k)

2SO
3
(k).
nhit khng i, khi thay i p sut chung ca mi h cn bng, cn bng ha hc no trn
khng b chuyn dch?
A. (a). B. (c). C. (b). D. (d).
p n A
Hng dn: Thay i p sut khng lm chuyn dch cn bng khi tng s mol kh tham gia
bng tng s mol kh to thnh.
a) 2 2 (khng chuyn dch) b) 2 1 c) 4 2 d) 3 - 2
Cu 33: Kim loi st tc dng vi dung dch no sau y to ra mui st(II)?
A. CuSO
4
. B. HNO
3
c, nng, d.
C. MgSO
4
. D. H
2
SO
4
c, nng, d.
p n A
Hng dn:
- Fe + CuSO
4
FeSO
4
+ Cu
- Fe + 6HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ 3NO
2
+ 3H
2
O
- Fe khng phn ng c vi MgSO
4

- 2Fe + 6H
2
SO
4
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3SO
2
+ 6H
2
O
Cu 34: Ha tan hon ton 1,805 gam hn hp gm Fe v kim loi X vo bng dung dch HCl, thu
c 1,064 lt kh H
2
. Mt khc, ha tan hon ton 1,805 gam hn hp trn bng dung dch HNO
3

long (d), thu c 0,896 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Bit cc th tch kh u o iu
kin tiu chun. Kim loi X l
A. Al. B.Cr. C. Mg. D. Zn.
p n A
Hng dn: n
H2
= 0.0475 mol; n
NO
= 0.04 mol
a. TH
1
: Kim loi X khi tc dng vi HCl v HNO
3
u to ra 1 sn phm oxi ha.
Hng dn gii chi tit Ha khi A nm 2013_M 374 Thnh ng

9

- Khi tc dng vi HCl th Fe cho sn phm oxi ha l Fe
2+
, cn khi tc dng vi HNO
3

cho sn phm l Fe
3+
. S mol e chnh lch gia 2 phn ng:
n
e chnh lch
= 3n
NO
2n
H2
= 3*0.04 2*0.045 = 0.025 mol = n
Fe

m
X
= 1. 805 56*0.025 = 0.405 g
- S mol H
2
do X sinh ra l: n
H2 do X
= 0.0475 0.025 = 0.0225 mol
X 0.5n H
2

0.045/n 0.0225 (mol)
M
X
= 0.405 / (0.045/n) = 9n Kim loi M l Al (n = 3)
Cu 35: Cc cht trong dy no sau y u to kt ta khi cho tc dng vi dung dch AgNO
3
trong
NH
3
d, un nng?
A. vinylaxetilen, glucoz, anehit axetic. B. glucoz, imetylaxetilen, anehit axetic.
C. vinylaxetilen, glucoz, imetylaxetilen. D. vinylaxetilen, glucoz, axit propionic.
p n A
Hng dn: Cc cht to tc dng vi AgNO
3
/NH
3
to kt ta: hp cht c nhm -CHO
(anhit, glucozo, mantozo), este ca axit fomic, cht c ni 3 u mch (ankin)
Cu 36: Tin hnh in phn dung dch cha m gam hn hp CuSO
4
v NaCl (hiu sut 100%, in
cc tr, mng ngn xp), n khi nc bt u b in phn c hai in cc th ngng in phn,
thu c dung dch X v 6,72 lt kh (ktc) anot. Dung dch X ha tan ti a 20,4 gam Al
2
O
3
. Gi
tr ca m l
A. 25,6. B. 23,5
C. 51,1. D. 50,4.
p n C
Hng dn: Dd X ha tan c Al
2
O
3
X cha Al(OH)
3
(CuSO
4
thiu, NaCl d, kh to
thnh Anot l Cl
2
) hoc cha H
2
SO
4
(NaCl thiu, CuSO
4
d, kh to thnh Anot l Cl
2
v O
2
).
a. TH
1
: X cha Al(OH)
3
(CuSO
4
thiu, NaCl d, kh to thnh Anot l Cl
2
)
2NaOH + Al
2
O
3
2NaAlO
2
+ H
2
O
0.4 0.2 (mol)
- Phn ng in phn sau khi CuSO
4
: 2NaCl + 2H
2
O 2NaOH + Cl
2
+ H
2

0.4 0.2 mol
- Phn ng in phn lc u: 2NaCl + CuSO
4
Cu + Cl
2
+ Na
2
SO
4

0.1 0.3 0.2 = 0.1 (mol)
- Khi lng hn hp ban u: m = 160*n
CuSO4
+ 58.5*(2n
Cl2
) = 51.1 g
Cu 37: Cht no sau y khi un nng vi dung dch NaOH thu c sn phm c anehit?
A. CH
3
-COO-C(CH
3
)=CH
2
. B. CH
3
-COO-CH=CH-CH
3
.
C. CH
2
=CH-COO-CH
2
-CH
3
. D. CH
3
-COO-CH
2
-CH=CH
2
.
p n B
Hng dn: Este thy phn trong mi trng kim to ra anehit c dng R-COO-CH=C-R
Cu 38: Dung dch no sau y lm phenolphtalein i mu?
A. glyxin. B. metylamin. C. axit axetic. D. alanin.
p n B
Hng dn: Nhng cht c tnh baz mnh lm dd phenolphtalein chuyn sang mu hng.
Cu 39: Cho 0,1 mol tristearin (C
17
H
35
COO)
3
C
3
H
5
tc dng hon ton vi dung dch NaOH d, un
nng, thu c m gam glixerol. Gi tr ca m l
A. 27,6. B. 4,6. C. 14,4. D. 9,2.
p n D
Hng dn: (C
17
H
35
COO)
3
C
3
H
5
+ 3NaOH 3 C
17
H
35
COONa + C
3
H
5
(OH)
3

- Ta c: n
glixerol
= n
cht bo
= 0.1 mol m
glixerol
= 0.1*92 = 9.2 g
Hng dn gii chi tit Ha khi A nm 2013_M 374 Thnh ng

10

Cu 40: Dy cc cht u tc dng c vi dung dch Ba(HCO
3
)
2
l:
A. HNO
3
, Ca(OH)
2
v Na
2
SO
4
. B. HNO
3
, Ca(OH)
2
v KNO
3
.
C. HNO
3
, NaCl v Na
2
SO
4
. D. NaCl, Na
2
SO
4
v Ca(OH)
2
.
p n A
Hng dn:
- Gc Ba
2+
c th tc dng vi CO
3
2-
, SO
4
2-
, SO
3
, CrO
4
2-
, PO
4
3-
, HPO
4
2-

- Gc HCO
3
-
l gc lng tnh c th tc dng vi: H
+
, OH
-

II. PHN RING (10 cu)
Th sinh ch c lm mt trong hai phn (Phn A hoc Phn B)
A. Theo chng trnh Chun (10 cu, t cu 41 n cu 50)
Cu 41: Cho X v Y l hai axit cacboxylic mch h, c cng s nguyn t cacbon, trong X n
chc, Y hai chc. Chia hn hp X v Y thnh hai phn bng nhau. Phn mt tc dng ht vi Na, thu
c 4,48 lt kh H
2
(ktc). t chy hon ton phn hai, thu c 13,44 lt kh CO
2
(ktc). Phn
trm khi lng ca Y trong hn hp l
A. 28,57% B. 57,14% C. 85,71% D. 42,86%
p n D
Hng dn: n
H2
= 0.2 mol; n
CO2
= 0.6 mol
- Tng s mol kh H
2
phn 1: 0.5n
X
+ n
Y
= 0.2 mol (n
X
, n
Y
l s mol trong mi phn)
- Tng s mol kh CO
2
phn 2: n
CO2
= n*(n
X
+ n
Y
) = 0.6 vi n l s C ca X v Y
n = 0.6 / (n
X
+ n
Y
) (1)
- Ta c 0.5(n
X
+ x
Y
) < 0.5n
X
+ n
Y
< n
X
+ n
Y
0.5(n
X
+ x
Y
) < 0.2 < n
X
+ x
Y

0.2 < n
X
+ x
Y
< 0.4 Th vo (1): 1.5 < n < 3 n = 2
X l CH
3
COOH v Y l HOOC-COOH; n
X
= 0.2 mol v n
Y
= 0.1 mol
%m
Y
= 0.1*90/(0.2*60 + 0.1*90) = 42.86%
Cu 42: t chy hon ton hn hp X gm 0,07 mol mt ancol a chc v 0,03 mol mt ancol
khng no, c mt lin kt i, mch h, thu c 0,23 mol kh CO
2
v m gam H
2
O. Gi tr ca m l
A. 5,40 B. 2,34 C. 8,40 D. 2,70
p n A
Hng dn: S C
TB
ca 2 ancol: C
TB
= n
CO2= /
n
ancol
= 0.23/(0.07 + 0.03) = 2.3
C 1 ancol c s C < 2.3
- TH
1
: Ancol khng no, c 1 lin kt i c s C < 2.3 Khng c ancol no tha
- TH
2
: Ancol a chc c s C < 2.3 Ch c th l C
2
H
4
(OH)
2

- S mol do C
2
H
6
O
2
to ra: n
CO2
= 0.07*2 = 0.14 mol, n
H2O
= 0.07*3 = 0.21 mol
S mol CO
2
do X to ra l 0.23 0.14 = 0.09
S C ca ancol khng no, c 1 lin kt i = 0.09 / 0.03 = 3 C C
3
H
6
OH
S mol H
2
O to ra: n
H2O
= 0.21 + 0.03*3 = 0.3 mol m
H2O
= 0.3*18 = 5.4 g
Cch 2:
- Ta suy lun: Ancol khng no, c 1 ni i th to ra n
H2O
= n
CO2
. Cn ancol C
2
H
4
(OH)
2

to ra n
H2O
= n
CO2
+ n
C2H4(OH)2
(Do C
2
H
4
(OH)
2
l ancol no)
- Tng s mol H
2
O = n
CO2
+ n
C2H6O2
= 0.23 + 0.07 = 0.3 mol m
H2O
= 0.3*18 = 5.4 g
Cu 43: Dy cc cht u c kh nng tham gia phn ng thy phn trong dung dch H
2
SO
4
un
nng l:
A. fructoz, saccaroz v tinh bt B. saccaroz, tinh bt v xenluloz
C. glucoz, saccaroz v fructoz D. glucoz, tinh bt v xenluloz
p n B
Hng dn:
Hng dn gii chi tit Ha khi A nm 2013_M 374 Thnh ng

11

- Monosaccarit nh glucoz, fructoz khng c kh nng tham gia phn ng thy phn.
Cu 44: Cho cc cp oxi ha kh c sp xp theo th t tng dn tnh oxi ha ca cc ion kim
loi: Al
3+
/Al; Fe
2+
/Fe, Sn
2+
/Sn; Cu
2+
/Cu. Tin hnh cc th nghim sau:
(a) Cho st vo dung dch ng(II) sunfat.
(b) Cho ng vo dung dch nhm sunfat.
(c) Cho thic vo dung dch ng(II) sunfat.
(d) Cho thic vo dung dch st(II) sunfat.
Trong cc th nghim trn, nhng th nghim c xy ra phn ng l:
A. (b) v (c) B. (a) v (c) C. (a) v (b) D. (b) v (d)
p n B
Hng dn:
- Fe + CuSO
4
FeSO
4
+ Cu
- Sn + CuSO
4
FeSO
4
+ Sn
Cu 45: Cho cc pht biu sau:
(a) Trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc, crom thuc chu k 4, nhm VIB.
(b) Cc oxit ca crom u l oxit baz.
(c) Trong cc hp cht, s oxi ha cao nht ca crom l +6
(d) Trong cc phn ng ha hc, hp cht crom(III) ch ng vai tr cht oxi ha.
(e) Khi phn ng vi kh Cl
2
d, crom to ra hp cht crom(III).
Trong cc pht biu trn, nhng pht biu ng l:
A. (a), (b) v (e) B. (a), (c) v (e)
C. (b), (d) v (e) D. (b), (c) v (e)
p n B
Hng dn:
- Cc oxit ca Crom: CrO l oxit baz, Cr
2
O
3
l oxit lng tnh, CrO
3
l oxit axit
- Phn ng trong mi trng kim crom(III) ng vai tr cht kh; cn trong mi trng
axit crom(III) ng vai tr cht oxi ha
Cu 46: Th nghim vi dung dch HNO
3
thng sinh ra kh c NO
2
. hn ch kh NO
2
thot ra
t ng nghim, ngi ta nt ng nghim bng:
(a) bng kh. (b) bng c tm nc.
(c) bng c tm nc vi. (d) bng c tm gim n.
Trong 4 bin php trn, bin php c hiu qu nht l
A. (d) B. (c)


C. (a) D. (b)
p n B
Hng dn: NO
2
c tnh axit, ta nn dng kim loi b kh c.
- Phn ng: 2Ca(OH)
2
+ 4NO
2
Ca(NO
2
)
2
+ Ca(NO
3
)
2
+ 2H
2
O
Cu 47: Hn hp X gm H
2
, C
2
H
4
v C
3
H
6
c t khi so vi H
2
l 9,25. Cho 22,4 lt X (ktc) vo
bnh kn c sn mt t bt Ni. un nng bnh mt thi gian, thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi
H
2
bng 10. Tng s mol H
2
phn ng l
A. 0,070 mol B. 0,015 mol C. 0,075 mol D. 0,050 mol
p n C
Hng dn: n
X
= 1 mol
- Bo ton khi lng cho phn ng gm ton cht kh:
m
X
= m
Y
n
X
*m
X
= n
Y
*M
Y
1*9.25*2 = n
Y
*10*2 n
X
= 0.925 mol
- S mol kh gim chnh l s mol H
2
phn ng: n
H2
= n
X
n
Y
= 1 0.925 = 0.075 mol
Hng dn gii chi tit Ha khi A nm 2013_M 374 Thnh ng

12

Cu 48: Trong cc dung dch CH
3
-CH
2
-NH
2
, H
2
N-CH
2
-COOH, H
2
N-CH
2
-CH(NH
2
)-COOH,
HOOC-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH(NH
2
)-COOH, s dung dch lm xanh qu tm l
A.4 B.1 C. 2 D.3
p n C
Hng dn: Cc cht lm xanh qu tm: amin no; baz ca kim loi kim hoc kim th;
amino axit c s nhm NH
2
> COOH; mui ca kim loi kim hoc kim th vi axit yu
- 2 dung dch lm xanh qu tm: CH
3
-CH
2
-NH
2
v H
2
N-CH
2
-CH(NH
2
)-COOH


Cu 49: Cho phng trnh phn ng aAl +bHNO
3
cAl(NO
3
)
3
+ dNO + eH
2
O.
T l a : b l
A. 1 : 3 B. 2 : 3 C. 2 : 5 D. 1 : 4
p n D
Hng dn:
- Phn ng: Al + 4HNO
3
Al(NO
3
)
3
+ NO + 2H
2
O
Cu 50: Cho 25,5 gam hn hp X gm CuO v Al
2
O
3
tan hon ton trong dung dch H
2
SO
4
long,
thu c dung dch cha 57,9 gam mui. Phn trm khi lng ca Al
2
O
3
trong X l
A. 40% B. 60% C. 20% D. 80%
p n C
Hng dn: t s mol CuO v Al
2
O
3
ln lt l x, y. Ta c:
CuO

CuSO
4
Al
2
O
3
Al
2
(SO
4
)
3

x x mol y y mol
- Ta c h: 80x + 102y = 25.5 g
160x + 342y = 57.9 g
x = 0.255 mol; y = 0.05 mol %Al = (102*0.05)/(102*0.05 + 80*0.255) = 20%
B. Theo chng trnh Nng cao (10 cu, t cu 51 n cu 60)
Cu 51: Cho phng trnh phn ng:
4 2 2 7 2 4 2 4 3 2 4 2 4 3 2
aFeSO bK Cr O cH SO dFe (SO ) eK SO fCr (SO ) gH O
T l a:b l
A.3:2 B 2:3 C. 1:6 D. 6:1
p n D
Hng dn: 6FeSO
4
+ K
2
Cr
2
O
7
+ 7H
2
SO
4
3Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ K
2
SO
4
+ Cr
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 7H
2
O
Cu 52: Cho cc pht biu sau:
(a) x l thy ngn ri vi, ngi ta c th dng bt lu hunh .
(b) Khi thot vo kh quyn , freon ph hy tn ozon
(c) Trong kh quyn, nng CO
2
vt qu tiu chun cho php gy ra hiu ng nh knh.
(d) Trong kh quyn, nng NO
2
v SO
2
vt qu tiu chun cho php gy ra hin tng ma
axit
Trong cc pht biu trn , s pht biu ng l:
A.2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 1
p n D
Hng dn:
- Hg + S HgS (HgS l hp cht duy nht ca Hg khng c)
- Kh freon l CF
2
-CF
2
(gy ph hy tng ozon)
- CO
2
l tc nhn chnh gy hiu ng nh chnh.
- Ma axit do NO
2
v SO
2
to ra.
Cu 53: Cho cc pht biu sau:
(a) Glucoz c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng bc
Hng dn gii chi tit Ha khi A nm 2013_M 374 Thnh ng

13

(b) S chuyn ha tinh bt trong c th ngi c sinh ra mantoz
(c) Mantoraz c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng bc
(d) Saccaroz c cu to t hai gc -glucoz v -fructoz
Trong cc pht biu trn , s pht biu ng l:
A.3 B. 4 C. 2 D. 1
p n A
Hng dn:
- Pht biu a, b, c u ng; cn pht biu d l sai.
- Sa li: Saccaroz c cu to t hai gc -glucoz v -fructoz
Cu 54: Cho 13,6 gam mt cht hu c X (c thnh phn nguyn t C, H, O) tc dng va vi
dung dch cha 0,6 mol AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, un nng , thu c 43,2 gam Ag. Cng thc cu to ca
X l :
A. CH
3
-CC-CHO B. CH
2
=CH=CH-CHO
C. CHC-CH
2
-CHO D. CHC-[CH
2
]
2
-CHO
p n C
Hng dn: n
Ag
= 0.4 mol
- Ta c: n
Ag to ra
< n
AgNO3 phn ng
X l c cha ni ba u mch (loi A, B)
- T A nhn thy X l anehit n chc n
X
= 0.5*n
Ag
= 0.2 mol
M
X
= 13.6 / 0.2 = 68 p n C. X l CHC-CH
2
-CHO
Cu 55: Peptit X b thy phn theo phng trnh phn ng X + 2H
2
O 2Y + Z (trong Y v Z l
cc amino axit). Thy phn hon ton 4,06 gam X thu c m gam Z. t chy hon ton m gam Z
cn va 1,68 lt kh O
2
(ktc), thu c 2,64 gam CO
2
; 1,26 gam H
2
O v 224 ml kh N
2
(ktc).
Bit Z c cng thc phn t trng vi cng thc n gin nht. Tn gi ca Y l
A. glyxin B. lysin C. axit glutamic D. alanin
p n A
Hng dn: n
O2
= 0.075 mol; n
CO2
= 0.06 mol; n
H2O
= 0.07 mol; n
N2
= 0.01 mol
Trong Z: n
C
= n
CO2
= 0.06 mol; n
H
= 2*n
H2O
= 0.14 mol; n
N
= 2*n
N2
= 0.02 mol
- Bo ton s mol O trong Z: n
O
+ 2n
O2
= 2n
CO2
+ n
H2O
n
O trong X
= 0.04 mol
- Trong Z: C : H : N :O = n
C
: n
H
: n
N
: n
O
= 0.06 : 0.14 : 0.02 : 0.04 = 3 : 7 : 1: 2
Z l C
3
H
7
NO
2
hay CH
3
-CH(NH
2
)-COOH (Ala)
- Bo ton khi lng trong phn ng chy: m
Z
+ m
O2
= m
CO2
+ m
H2O
+m
N2

m
Z
= 2.64 + 1.26 + 0.01*28 0.075*32 = 1.78 g n
Z
= 1.78/89 = 0.02 mol
n
H2O
= 0.04 mol, n
Y
= 0.04 mol
- Bo ton khi lng trong phn ng thy phn: m
X
+ m
H2O
= m
Y
+ m
Z

m
Y
= 4.06 + 0.04*18 1.78 = 3 g M
Y
= 3/0.04 = 75 (Gly)
Cch 2:

Bo ton khi lng mZ = 2.64 + 1.26 + 0.01*28 0.075*32 = 1.78 g
- Trng hp Z l amino axit c 1 nhm NH
2
n
Z
= 2*n
N2
= 0.02 mol
M
Z
= 1.78/0.02 = 89 Z l Ala
- n
Z
= 1.78/89 = 0.02 mol; n
H2O
= 0.04 mol, n
Y
= 0.04 mol
- Bo ton khi lng trong phn ng thy phn: m
X
+ m
H2O
= m
Y
+ m
Z

m
Y
= 4.06 + 0.04*18 1.78 = 3 g M
Y
= 3/0.04 = 75 (Gly)
Cu 56: Trng hp no sau y khng xy ra phn ng?
(a)
0
t
2 2 2
CH CH CH Cl H O
(b)
3 2 2 2
CH CH CH Cl H O
(c)


0
t cao,p cao
6 5
C H Cl NaOH ac ; vi (C
6
H
5
- l gc phenyl)
Hng dn gii chi tit Ha khi A nm 2013_M 374 Thnh ng

14

(d)
0
t
2 5
C H Cl NaOH
A. (a) B. (c) C. (d) D. (b)
p n D
Hng dn: Gc vinyl halogen (CH
2
=CH-X ) v gc phenol halogen (C
6
H
5
-X) ch xy ra
phn ng thy phn trong mi trng kim, iu kin t
0
cao
, P
cao
.
Cu 57: Trng hp no sau y, kim loi b n mn in ha hc?
A. t dy st trong kh oxi kh. B. Thp cacbon trong khng kh m.
C. Kim loi km trong dung dch HCl D. Kim loi st trong dung dch HNO
3
long
p n B
Hng dn: iu kin xy ra n mn in ha hc:
- Cc in cc phi khc nhau v bn cht. C th l cp hai kim loi khc nhau, kim loi
phi kim hay kim loi hp cht.
- Cc in cc phi tip xc trc tip hoc gin tip vi nhau qua dy dn.
- Cc in cc cng tip xc vi dung dch cht in li
Cu 58: Cho 12 gam hp kim ca bc vo dung dch HNO
3
long (d), un nng n phn ng
hon ton, thu c dung dch c 8,5 gam AgNO
3
. Phn trm khi lng ca bc trong mu hp kim
l
A. 65% B. 30% C. 55% D. 45%
p n D
Hng dn: n
AgNO3
= 8.5/170 = 0.05 mol n
Ag
= n
AgNO3
= 0.05 mol
%Ag = 0.05*108 / 12 = 0.45 = 45%
Cu 59: Cho s phn ng
0
Cl,d dungdchNaOH,d
t
Cr X Y
Cht Y trong s trn l
A. Na
2
Cr
2
O
7
B. Cr(OH)
2
C. Cr(OH)
3
D. Na[Cr(OH)
4
]
p n D
Hng dn: Chui phn ng:
1. 2Cr + 3Cl
2
2CrCl
3

2. CrCl
3
+ 4NaOH
d


Na[Cr(OH)
4
] + 3NaCl
Cu 60: Hn hp X gm ancol metylic, ancol etylic v glixerol. t chy hon ton m gam X, thu
c 15,68 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) v 18 gam H
2
O. Mt khc, 80 gam X ha tan c ti a 29,4 gam
Cu(OH)
2
. Phn trm khi lng ca ancol etylic trong X l
A. 46% B. 16% C. 23% D. 8%
p n C
Hng dn: n
H2O
= 1 mol; n
CO2
= 0.7 mol; n
Cu(OH)2
= 0.3 mol
- Gi s mol CH
3
OH, C
2
H
5
OH, C
3
H
5
(OH)
3
trong m gam X ln lt l x, y ,z. Ta c:
n
CO2
= x + 2y + 3z = 0.7 mol (1)
n
H2O
= 2x + 3y + 4z = 1 mol (2)
- Trong 80 g X, ta c: 2C
3
H
5
(OH)
3
+ Cu(OH)
2

0.6 mol 0.3 mol
- Ta c: C (32x + 46y + 92z) gam X th c z mol C
3
H
5
(OH)
3

Theo : 80 gam X c 0.6 mol C
3
H
5
(OH)
3

0.6(32x + 46y + 92z) = 80z 19.2x + 27.6y - 24.8z = 0 (3)
- T (1), (2), (3) x = 0.05 mol; y = 0.1 mol; z = 0.15 mol.
%C
2
H
5
OH = 0.1*46(0.05*32 + 0.1*46 + 0.15*92) = 23%
-----------------------------