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Phuong Phap Don Bien BDHSG
Phuong Phap Don Bien BDHSG
Vy trong trng hp tng qut ng thc xy ra 0 x y z = =
Kt lun:
( )
, , 0 f x y z
CCH 4: Chun ha & thc hin dn bin theo TBN
V bt ng thc (1) l ng bc nn bng cch chun ha ta c th gi s:
1 xyz = (*)
Bc 1:
Ta c:
( )
1 3 3 0 x y z x y z + + + + (2)
Xt biu thc
( )
, , 3 f x y z x y z = + + . Ta chng minh:
( )
, , 0 f x y z
Thc hin dn bin theo TBC: t xy = , ta s chng minh:
( ) ( )
, , , , f x y z f t t z (3)
Kim tra (*): Khi thay , x y bi t xy = th (*) vn tha
Xt hiu:
( ) ( )
, , , , d f x y z f t t z =
( )
3 2 3 x y z t z = + + +
2 x y t = +
M t xy = 2 2 x y xy t + = 2 0 x y t + nn 0 d
Bc 2: Chng minh
( )
, , 0 f t t z (4)
Tht vy:
( )
( ) ( )
2
2 2
1 2 1
1
, , 2 3 2 3 0
t t
f t t z t z t
t t
+
= + = + =
Vi iu kin (*) th ng thc xy ra 1 1
1
x y
x y x y z
t
=
= = = = =
Vy trong trng hp tng qut ng thc xy ra 0 x y z = =
Kt lun:
( )
, , 0 f x y z
Th d 2. Cho , , a b c l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin . . 1 a b c = . Chng minh rng:
1 1 1 13 25
1 4
+ + +
+ + + a b c a b c
(1)
Li gii.
Xt biu thc
( )
1 1 1 13
, ,
1
f a b c
a b c a b c
= + + +
+ + +
.
Thc hin dn bin theo TBN, ta s chng minh:
( )
( )
, , , , f a b c f a bc bc (3)
Ta c:
( )
( )
, , , , d f a b c f a bc bc =
1 1 1 13 1 2 13
1
2 1
a b c a b c a
bc a bc
(
= + + + + +
(
+ + +
+ +
1 1 2 1 1
13
1
2 1
b c a b c
bc a bc
| | | |
= + +
| |
+ + +
+ +
\ \
( )
( )
( )
2
1 13
1 2 1
b c
bc
a b c a bc
(
(
=
(
+ + + + +
(
Khng mt tnh tng qut, ta gi s
{ }
max , , a a b c = , do 1 abc = 1 bc
1
1
bc
Mt khc, theo bt ng thc AM-GM ta c:
( )
( ) ( )( )
3 3
13 13 13
1
16
1 2 1 3 1 3 1 a b c a bc abc abc
= <
+ + + + + + +
nn 0 d
( )
( )
, , , , f a b c f a bc bc
Chng minh
( )
25
, ,
4
f a bc bc (4)
t t bc = vi 0 1 t < , ta s chng minh:
2
1 25
, ,
4
f t t
t
| |
|
\
(5)
Ta c:
2
2 2
2 3 2
2
1 2 13 2 13 25
, ,
1 4 2 1
2 1
t
f t t t t
t t t t t
t
t
| |
= + + = + +
|
+ +
\
+ +
2
2
3 2
2 1
3 13 0
4 2 1
t
t
t t t
| |
+ +
|
+ +
\
( )
3 3 2
3 2
3 2 2 3 1
13 0
4 2 1
t t t t
t
t t
+ +
+
+ +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2 2
3 2
1 2 1 2 1
13 0
4 2 1
t t t t
t
t t
+
+
+ +
( ) ( )
2
4 3 2
1 8 20 18 9 8 0 t t t t t + +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2
2 2
1 2 2 1 5 2 1 2 5 7 3 0 t t t t t t
(
+ + +
(
Suy ra:
( )
25
, ,
4
f a bc bc
Kt lun:
( )
, , 0 f x y z
Gii thch k nng phn tch:
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
4 3 2 4 2 3 2 2
2
2
2 2
8 20 18 9 8 8 8 2 20 20 5 10 14 6
2 2 1 5 2 1 2 5 7 3 0
t t t t t t t t t t t
t t t t t
+ + = + + + + +
= + + +
Bi tp tng t
1. Cho , , a b c l cc s thc dng sao cho 1 abc = . Chng minh rng:
1 1 1 6
5
a b c a b c
+ + +
+ +
2. Cho , , a b c l cc s thc dng sao cho 1 abc = . Chng minh rng:
2 1 3
3 a b c ab bc ca
+
+ + + +
3. Cho , , a b c l cc s thc dng sao cho 1 abc = . Chng minh rng:
( )( )( ) ( )
7 5 a b b c c a a b c + + + + + +