This document discusses coefficients of friction between various material combinations under static and dynamic conditions. It also discusses coefficients of friction for bearings, screws, and rolling resistance. Rolling resistance coefficients are provided for different wheel and tire types. Air resistance coefficients and surface areas are listed for various vehicles and objects. Conversion tables are included for Beaufort wind speed scale and percentage slope to angle of inclination.
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Coefficient of friction, Rolling resistance, Air resistance, Aerodynamics
This document discusses coefficients of friction between various material combinations under static and dynamic conditions. It also discusses coefficients of friction for bearings, screws, and rolling resistance. Rolling resistance coefficients are provided for different wheel and tire types. Air resistance coefficients and surface areas are listed for various vehicles and objects. Conversion tables are included for Beaufort wind speed scale and percentage slope to angle of inclination.
This document discusses coefficients of friction between various material combinations under static and dynamic conditions. It also discusses coefficients of friction for bearings, screws, and rolling resistance. Rolling resistance coefficients are provided for different wheel and tire types. Air resistance coefficients and surface areas are listed for various vehicles and objects. Conversion tables are included for Beaufort wind speed scale and percentage slope to angle of inclination.
Coefficient of friction, Rolling resistance and Aerodynamics
Coefficient of friction for many material combinations
Coefficient of friction in bearings Coefficient of friction in screw joints Rolling resistance Air resistance, aerodynamics
Coefficient of friction for a range of material combinations combination Static Dynamic dry lubricated dry lubricated steel-steel 0.5...0.6 0.15 0.4...0.6 0.15 copper-steel - - 0.5...0.8 0.15 steel-cast iron 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.05 cast iron - cast iron 0.25 0.15 0.2 0.15 friction material - steel - - 0.5-0.6 - steel-ice 0.03 - 0.015 - steel-wood 0.5-0.6 0.1 0.2-0.5 0.05 wood-wood 0.4-0.6 0.15...0.2 0.2...0.4 0.15 leather-metal 0.6 0.2 0.2...0.25 0.12 rubber-metal 1 - 0.5 plastic-metal 0.25...0.4 - 0.1...0.3 0.04...0.1 plastic-plastic 0.3-0.4 - 0.2...0.4 0.04...0.1 The coefficient of friction between two materials in relative sliding may depend on contact pressure, surface roughness of the relative harder contact surface, temperature, sliding velocity and the type of lubricant whether the level of contamination. It's the reason that the data found in the many reference tables available may show a large variation. www.engineeringtoolbox.com/friction-coefficients-d_778.html http://www.carbidedepot.com/formulas-frictioncoefficient.htm http://www.engineershandbook.com/Tables/frictioncoefficients.htm http://www.roymech.co.uk/Useful_Tables/Tribology/co_of_frict.htm http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2005/steel.shtml http://www.diracdelta.co.uk/science/source/f/r/friction/source.html http://nl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Fysica/Dynamica http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Physics_Study_Guide/Frictional_Coefficients http://encarta.msn.com/media_461544499/Table_of_Friction_Coefficients.html
Coefficient of friction, Rolling resistance, Air resistance, Aerodynamics http://www.tribology-abc.com/abc/cof.htm 1 of 3 6/26/2014 1:38 PM Coefficient of friction in screw joints lubricated lubricated dry dry oiled MoS 2 Zn-plating RVS 0.12...0.18 0.08...0.12 0.12...0.18 0.3...0.8 screw lubricants / friction >>
Rolling resistance C r [-] Steel wheel on rail 0.0002...0.0010 Car tire on road 0.010...0.035 Car tire energy safe 0.006...0.009 Tube 22mm, 8 bar 0.002 Race tyre 23 mm, 7 bar 0.003 Touring 32 mm, 5 bar 0.005 Tyre with leak protection 37 mm, 5 bar / 3 bar 0.007 / 0.01 Calculator rolling resistance >>
Air resistance
C w [-] A f [m 2 ] A f C w [m 2 ] Modern car 0.25...0.35 1.8 0.54 MPV 0.4...0.5 3 1.35 Truck 0.7 6 4.2 Formula 1 0.75 1.6 1.20 Nuna Solar Car 0.07 0.86 0.06 Sports plane 0.12 5 0.60 Card 0.8 1 0.80 Grand pa bike 1.1 0.6 0.66 Racing bike 0.9 0.35 0.31 Horizontal bicycle 0.8 0.25 0.20 aerodynamic bicycle 0.4...0.15 0.25 0.07 Ball 0.5 R 2 0.5R 2 Half sphere 0.4 R 2 0.4R 2 Half sphere 1.3 R 2 1.3R 2 Flat circular disc 1.1 R 2 1.1R 2 Calculator air resistance >>
Conversion percentage of slope to slope angle Coefficient of friction, Rolling resistance, Air resistance, Aerodynamics http://www.tribology-abc.com/abc/cof.htm 2 of 3 6/26/2014 1:38 PM A 5% slope is a slope that rises 5 m for every 100 m horizontal distance, i.e. a slope of atan(5/100)=2.86 degrees. A 100% slope is one of 45 degrees.
www.tribology-abc.com Coefficient of friction, Rolling resistance, Air resistance, Aerodynamics http://www.tribology-abc.com/abc/cof.htm 3 of 3 6/26/2014 1:38 PM