giljtid

njLnw...

kndh

UFw bena

jH be!

kiy UtSt j rf
bgah gfiyfHf fw ika
$ fgft ahyah, 4, khbfhiy, kyh,
brid - 600 004.  : 044 - 2495 1415
E-mail : mtsacademy@yahoo.co.in

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DATA

Padaithavanai Thedukiren

Title of the Book

Subject

: A collection of Talk-lets on Scientist

Author

(Pseudonym)

: Mano

Language

: Tamil

First Edition

: November 2006

Copyright

: Author

Paper used

: 11.6 kg D/cr White Printing

Size ef the book

: 18.5 x 12.5 cms

Printing point used : 13 Point

No. of Pages

: 93 + 11 = 104

No. of Copies

: 1000

Binding

: Card Board Binding

Laser

: M.T.S. Academy, Chennai - 4.

Publisher

: Mylai Thiruvalluvar Tamizh Sangam

Periyar University Study Centre,
Sree Karpagavalli Vidhyalaya,
4, Mangollai, East Mada Street,
Mylapore, Chennai - 600 004.
Phone : 044 - 2495 1415
E-mail : mtsacademy@yahoo.co.in
Website : www.mtsacademy.com

Printer

thJiu

: Kay Vee Kay Letter Press,

3/3, P.V. Koil Street,
3rd Lane, Mylapore,
Chennai - 600 004.

Price : Rs. 35- 00

aur

.be. tehaf

nkdh g, bgfq, brid cakw.

sh v. 25, nj mA,
15, lhl eha nuhL,
. ef, brid - 600 017.

sik f; KJik bt vgJ eilKiw

bkh. siknyna tsikahd m MwY
bfhL sFtbjgJ xU y WtfSnf mik.
mj mikF fhuz mtdJ jh jij
KndhfS brj a #hgy. jhnahL
mWRitngh; jijnahL fngh vw yt
thFbfhg jij brh jj f gadhf
jda wW f, ma, isaho
wnjh tUwh vgJ F br. M!
eh FLtJ jij vkia, jda
kndhitjh!
Born with Silver Spoon vW goj neU
FLthf. Born with Bright Brain vW kndhit
FLtJ rhy bghUjnk. mDgt tkhf t
iwt jj FHij! gy i#f gydhf Mdj
n#hl brhago wjt j a jt.

ww kj xbthUtU xU rhjid bra

ntL vW JogJ tSt fhoa t. wna
ntlh vW Pha brht. mij wjhY
tSt brhgo wf ntL vgJjh.

IV

mJiu

j itaf jUw ntj. mj ntj TWtJ,

njh fbHhL njhWf m~yh
njhw njhwhik eW.
vwh.
cdh KJ nghw rhjidfis bra
Koahlh j cy kj thtJ ku thtJ
xWjh vW mitah mW brhdh.
rig eLnt nlhiy thahjh eku vW
mt rhjid a wj xU y jtf vGJ
tU obt j ghyf! kndh beiy j
jK ngdhY viyaw f PhdK bfhl
fhuzdhny isfSF ghongh fij brhdh
mW. W Einstein t J ma ffis
Ritahf brh vnyhiu kwh.

P. DEVAPIRAN
Section Officer,
Tamil Nadu Legistative Assembly Secretariat,
Fort St. George,
Chennai - 600 009.

MFfh ny bj vghf. kndhit

UJ ghJ tUnw. vlnghF cau
idJ fng%tif milnw. wjJ Kj
crhfK a mJ tUwh.

wj eh vgJ uhz uFj nghy; Jt

Judgment Day nghy Jtiu Ma brafis cyF
vLJfhL! bjhlJ jF nkY eyJ
brnt vW N ciuJfhL! vW iwt
jUw Miz. mj Mizid midtU VW
nghW tifny bragLJw j d kdt
kndhF vdJ thJf! gyhL gyhL gy
nfho whL brhyhL RitahL g bfhl
bgUkh cs iw M kfshf khiyfshf c njh
jhf thf tsf vd th knw!

ggiy thbdh gy thuf fij brh

FWa neu xU fijl jahuht midtiu
glglf itJ, bt bgWt (jijah
tHFf brtJ nghy); rJuf lL tYehf,
bf MLt kLkyhk gy Mlfis
mFntW Mntwhf J nghL kg; ir
addhd vdF iza js gygy nkfa
ir fiyPf Mgfis milahs fhLt;
iughlf yt Rlgl M_yij
fhoaJL; cz tiff j who y
tiffis mKf brt; fbghl FJ
isahLt; goY nrhiliy; mghu jdif!
uFgoahd bjdhtL! Rthuakhd njhH!!

brid
17.11.2006

y Ug ehY kneu fifbad mig

bgh mkh; m rilf mHfh nghLbfhs

- .be. tehaf

VI

mUikahd U rnfhjf; cwdfS bga gy.

jKila mrkh mtjf brj jij l nghL
vLwh jfkh! rKjhaF mfydh grf!
mtUF e!!
thj xU jhjh, gho thUJ thJwhf.
xU jhjh, gho Mfis bghwd.
j gKf fiyP bdhU Kfkh j
Phd jf!
ma xbthW jJtkh bjhl, Ritah
iw bgWwJ; ma mPfsh ffhyUJ
jfhyF tUnwh. mtfis gojh thit
gojJnghy. mj Ka xbthU whU wf
ntL. mjF t brj kndh tha th!!
- mg,
g. njtuh

giu
fiykhk, nrth udh

lhl nrnah
aFe, nfhit thbdh iya,
nfha - 641 045.
kW bray,
kiy UtSt j rf,
kyh, brid - 600 004.

thd ggiy xgu kKoah sF

tzfsa tsiwah xJ
bfhoUgt kndh! brid thbdh thd
ggiy xgu v.v. bungh xbthU ehS
u 9.00 kF FHijfSfhd fijia brh
vzw neaf vzfis ftJ, mtj
csf vyh vW W J bfhoUgt
kndh!
mt tzfsa brhd midJ
fijfS to bttJsd.
1. kndh thbdh fijf
2. fhr fijf
3. flf
4. kndh fz fijf
kndh fijf y bk nkiygf
Ugghl yhf UgJ FljfJ. g

VIII

bjhlf f fFnghnj yhauhf s

rhjid gilJ bfhoUwh kndh!
jF mLj flkhf flj Xuhlhf kndh
kiy UtSt j rf btL
bfhoUF ma fh vD fhyhoj
ma mPf FJ bjhlJ vG tUwh.
jid ma fh thrff gyU gygl ghuho
csd.
ma fh bt tj ehF fLiufSl
D 14 fLiufis brhnyhafshf izJ
bkhj gbdL ma mPf sikfhy
ffis, mtj fLofis, mt
gafis f ewhf jdnf ca j eil, j
eil vG UgJ bgJ ghuhoFaJ.
j YF gilgtid njLnw... vD
jiy f wghf mikJsJ. ghtyfS,
fPfS, vGjhsfS Kiwna ghlfis,
fijfis, fijfis gilgjh gilghsf vW
midtuhY ghuhl bgWt. mnj nghW a
bghUfis, j guj yy cs gntW
Mwfis flJ btgLs ma
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cUthdhf? mtf fLof vbdd?
mtdh ehoF, kfSF vbdd gaf?
nghw gntW dhfSF ilnjL tif

IX

gilgtid njLnw... vD jiy

bttJs midJ brhnyhafS
fUJ brnthL, fgid tsnjhL bghw
bghJsd.
kndh njl bt tJs 18 ma
mPf tuyhW, gilfS iwa s
jiyKiwF a tufns! mit midJ g
khztf goJ gabgw ntoait v ifanw!
xbthU ML etg 19 M nj mW j wj
ehidbaho flj IjhLfshf bjhlJ IJ
fis, uL x ehlhfis kndh
btoUgJ bgJ ghuhoFaJ. ahf yf
Kdh ghuj ujk mku uhfh wj eh
etg 19. mnj eh wUF j kndh mid
uhfhia ngh rhjidf gy fJth
vgjF foa TW.
kndhF CfK crhfK Co gyhwhD
mtid mit K Uf br Ka bgU gF
tgt mtdJ jijah tHfP UF. V.nf.
vk mtf. mjF Jizahf, L
nfhyhf bragL kndh jh, U rnfhjf
ghuhLFatfns! midF nkyhf kndh
gilghwYF cu_o, ts_L mj bjhoid
brgt kndh khkh UF. g. njtuh mtfns!

j YF f wghd thJiu tHs

aur .be. tehaf mtfSF, mJiu
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vW cL.
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tuyh l bgWgtdhf kndh sFth vgJ
z!
kndh th eyK tsK bgW, gyhL thH
iwaU Jiz fL. thf! tsf!! XFf!!!
mg,
lhl nrnah
kW bray, kiy UtSt j rf.

cns...
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.

mJ fyh
Mo
Maglh
n#hr
thr uhkhD#
nAh #Ah ghgh
fnah
u mghyh rhuhgh
Ruka runrfu
n#hr l
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..nu.
ghr
iknf ~ghunl
Mg Io
b#fZ rungh
r Ir l
rhy lh

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1
7
12
16
21
27
36
42
50
55
60
65
69
72
79
83
86
90

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m zh

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f aJ nghW Phahd
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jiytuhf bghWngW bfhlJ
gyiunghy ehD thd gwgJ ngh
UjJ; bgUikahf UjJ.
mtiu g goJ nfL eh Xus
mJ bfhlit :
va FLg wj jH. fod
ciH kW mggh f caj iy
miljt. a Vfiz l
ghuj udh mJfyh 15.10.1931
jHfYs uhnktu wjh.
bgnwh i#Dyh kW Makh.

giljtid njLnw...

fyh mtf fPU, u iz

JthDTl vgijaJ a. j
thehis cikahfnt ehLF mgz
brJlt vgij goJ my,
fTlhfnt ghnwh!
ghJfh bjh Egij njr
tsF gagLjyh vd e
Ka wat. 1983 mLj UgJ
MLf ah Vfizfis jahJ
L vW cyfjhilna mt TanghJ,
xU ynu mtuJ Tiw eduh.
13 tUl U Vfizia btfukhf gnrhjid brjnghJ cyfnk
ajJ tuyhW.
cikahd fhytiu Phdgo fyh
fgid ts iwjtuh. Vfiz
tsia jgl Kiw nkghit
brj nghnj ghJfh Muh kW
Kndwfhf jah brjhuh.
jijah glnfho. glnfho kf

kndh

fyhnkh W gh fG a
eho FoauRjiyt. ah tik f
ehlhf, tsik f ehlhf cUthf
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Coa tz Uwh. V eif
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khf vgt itUj yf
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tRuka mtfS xUtuh. mt
flgwitia fho, d fLiu vGj
brhYthuh. mJ rka fyh mtf kd
ehK th gwf Kojh vw vz
njhsJ. mtuJ Ma mahJiu
rhyk mtf mtUF fjit vz, eif, Kid. rgtf

giljtid njLnw...

xU kj vthW khkuhf cUbgWwh

vgij mJ bfhs v nghw
WtfSF bjyh Ka myth?
fhy gy f vGa fyh
mtf, ah 2020 vw jdJ
ma, bjh Eg, gaghL (Science and
Technology and Applicaiton) Mait Ka
mrf MF.
s ta rnfhjuf W
filfis ftJ bfhtJl,
tha, bt ga jffis
U goghuh. g goig
uhnktuY, f goig U
a tstdh fY fwh.
khdJiw FJ brid v.I.o.
gwh. a ghJfh mikrf
bjh Eg ts kW cg (khd)
aFeuf bghayhsuhf nrjh.
jhH gwF nAht uh~ e
l fyh mtfsh totikf

kndh

glnghJ gyU nf brjduh. mt

mjid bghUgLjhk ciHJ bt
bgwh. mbkfh ehrh bt
Wtd MW khj g. behoF
2.5 l ntf gwF
uhbfLfis To nrF, RW
wf jtWjyhf btoJ HToa
uhbf JLf g vjh mizf
njitahd g bgwh. 1979
v.v.. Kj gnrhjid njhialj
nghJ lhKal KaW 1980
v.v.. nrhjid bt bgwJ eh
fU bfhs ntoa ghl.
a muR uhQt gyij mff
nto t Uj uhQt Muh
kW ts ikaF U, N,
MfhZ, eh, m vW IJ Vfizf
cUthF bghWid tHaJ.
j mrhjhuz lij iwntw mt
ah cs bkhj bjh Eg

giljtid njLnw...

ffY xbthU FGit VgL

mjid Phfis gagL bt
flh. J ju, m#] vw uia
totikjh. kUJt JiwF gy gaf
is jh. ja nehahfSF ga
gLJ ng nkf vw fUia t
fLojhuh. nghnah nehahfSF
gagL tif mf vilyhj
cnyhf fUfis fLojh.
braif nfhf VtJl myhk
flL fl gh Vfiz
jahf ntL vd U khd
gilF njitahd muh Vfiz
jahY <Lglt.

Mo...
vnyhUF Mo vwl mt
gh vD iugl ehaf ngh j
fLo jj k (iru)
ef bjUf tna FayiwUJ
j ta nufh! nufh! (eh
fLoJ nl) vW Xoaij
jtwhk bjUF. vdF mtsjh
bjUjJ. yf jf _ykhf
ytiw ma KojJ.
Mo xU nuf fj nkij.
287-212 .K. fhyjt; gilgh; jJt
Ph. 1700 MLfSF Kghf thjtiu
ws id Tw fhuz t khbgU
aa mTik; Mo jJt
vD nfhghL.
Mo js, ltot fj, fj,
irbgh a Jiwf tyt.

giljtid njLnw...

iruh vDl wjh.

v mby[hoah vD l
f gwh. a fj mt ed
ma fj fLofis E
fj (rhFy) nghwtiw v
nehdh. tot fj s mfy fd
gkhzf j Muhid nk
bfhlh. ir bghaiy bghWj
tiu benfh jJt mjh. nrk f
(Compound Pulley) cUthdh. v
j nrJ fU cUthdh.
r, Mo jJtF tUnth.
iru kd bghbfhyl jf
l bra Mizlhdh. jahuhd
l gsgsj nghJ Rj jf
bragliy. br fyUF vW
rnjf. Mo ij fLof
rahd M vW mtiu kho ld.
Mo[&F nahJ nahJ xW
ygliy. FHgkhd kdJl Ff

kndh

bjho wdh. kd - M kd
xiw nghL lh mJ cns ntiy
brJ bfhnlUF. Obud ill
eik rgjgLJ. mJnghy mt
j bjho wal mtuJ
cl vilF rkkhd ms j
bjhoUJ btnaaJ mtuJ kd
bghjl brjJ. njhaJ. k
jhf Koahk nufh, nufh (fL
bfhnl, fL bfhnl) vd
bjUf wj nkahfnt Xodhuh!
j jJt mogil mjhtJ, ut
mjgL
lbghUshdJ
j
fdF rkkhf btnaW jUF
fuhd
vilia
HwJ
vw
nfhgho mogil mj l,
fygl l vd %jh vgJ tuyhW.
j
theh
KGtJ
Muh,
gnrhjidfSF vyh PhfS
gnrhjid, Muh vnw j thehis

10

giljtid njLnw...

bryLtJ bjwJ. mJ nghnw

Mo[& j theh KGtij
ma Muhnf mgjh.
nuhkha gilbaLnghJ mt
jahj gy irbgh fUf
iruh ghJfhF gagLj
gld. j fUf mt cUtha
nflh gagLjglJ. fzho
_y Na x ffis brY
gilbaLgt glFfis vJ ld.
J tuJ fLong!
fdkhd bghUfis vjhf f
aYkh? vw nf vH, kd uh
Kd Ko vd Ta Mo
z nrJtJ nghw cUis
mik f bghUjgL cWahd
fiw mJ tna L jUF cs
fg izJ kW Kida kdiuL
Gf
brjh.
Rygkhf
fg
jUJ bttu tuJ Tj

kndh

11

mit fL kdU kfS bkaJ xU

jfij. vyh xU fj fjhnd!
Mo thj iru ehil
lhk
rilL
Muj
nuhkhaf Mo m wdh
jh fZlglij kwfiy. tuJ
Nah l neUnkh vW mofo mr
bfhthfsh.
Mo mikahf kz tlL
fj Muh <LgL bfhoUj
nghJ nuhkha u xUt bfhy
tjh. t tlij KoJ Ltjhf Tw
mj KuL u fia gh bfhW
lhdh (beR bghWfiy).
v cliy mjhY; kdij mf
KoahJ vW mikahf jJ mtuJ
c. mtuJ nfhghLf ws thJ
bfhoUwd!

kndh

Maglh...
cwduhd jhjh xUt vf oF
tUjnghJ tHf nghy rhu
nghl, tHfnghy fhW thf khoF
brnwh. nkf Tl eftJ vdF
eh khd gwgJnghy UjJ.
eruf efwjh, eh efnwhnkh
vgJ ngh UwJ vnw.
ijnghy jid tj e a
xUtjh sgu ilbtyhJ
nahJ gy thd rhu cikfis
fljh vwh. mj jhjh, X
bgw fj nguha kLky; thd
rhuY tyt vW nfgL
Unw. mt Maglhit gjh
brhwh vgJ kL bjjJ.
vdnt, Maglhit g nk
bfhL brhYf jhjh vwJ, mt
aJ, gny Noifahf Uwhna?

13

Maglh vd fL oJ lhna!
eyJ. mtiu g TWnw nf.
Maglh thDyfij nrj bjhFf
mirfis g Muh nk bfhlh.
mnghija fhy iyahd iy
UwJ vW, Na, eru kW w
thd klyYs bjhFf ah
ia R tUwd vW ed
vwnghJ, mJ vgo jhjh vnghJ
jghdijna rahdJ vW Kj ahU
ewd? vw v nfia nfL
bto jh. d bjhlJ,
Maglh mtf mj Cf jtwhdJ
vW sdh. jdJ mdhnyna
jidjhnd R tUwJ vW
sdh. ufzf vthW VgLwd
vW rahd sff Tdh!! vW
Wdh.
clnd vjhfsh? vW nfnl.
v fdij jo, yhkyh...! Mdh
nkijf TW thik W btY

14

giljtid njLnw...

myth? mjgo mtuJ Muh Kof

d iybgwJ vwh. nkY,
frh TaJnghy, kj X
cikia fLojh vwh,
Uliw xU gij Vdh vW
bghU vwh. bjhlJ, rkUj
bttj Maglh fshd
Magilah, Maglh jhjh
Mad jnghJs thdrhuF
bghUjkhd Uwd. mwhl thda
fzLf kW grhf FgjFTl
mitf gagLj gLwd vwh.
Maglh thda kL,
viyyh MH cs fj maY,
nfh fj rhuY, ifdnko
rhuY nkijjh vd sa jhjh,
Maglhjh muhit gagL
fj rhu fis nahbkY
nu fj kW nfhz Y
ftd brYa Kj Ph. Pi kig
rahf ehF jrk lf (3.1414) tiu
fzlh vW Tdh.

kndh

15

a vW Tfns? vF wJ
tsjh? vW nfnl. jhjh, Rkh
150 MLfSF Kd thjt. fhYs
ghlu (ghdh) wjt. fj
kW thdrhu fwh; fj tYe,
Ph. thdrhu go u fukhd
khwf bfhL tj mt, mJiw
Kndhoahf Muh nkbfhlh. mj
Phd jh bgw mid cyF
jjh. vdnt jh Kj a gnrhjid
braif ufF Maglh vW bga
NlglJ vW brh bfhL
UjnghJ, rhu tJl v mkh
cztUj vfis Tlh.
thdrhu Muh jil gljh
bdhU Maglhit j ehL
HwJ vW eh Tw, j fhy
#hjh.
isfSF I (IQ)
bghWikl Muh brjh gygy
cgnahfkhd fLof fL
ofyh vW Tbfhnl wdh.

kndh

n#hr ...
csh njj eilbgW Kdh
mghl cJ to (fh) ngh
bfhoUif (mgo xU njj
Ugnj mgh brhjh bj)
nkil ng ngRgt, kf ifjo
bfhoUf, nrhlh FoJ bfhoUjh.
mnghJ Tl Uj mgh eg
tf vnyhU n#hr vD
PhF flikgltf vwh.
V rh? ah mt? mtiu g
brhYfns... vnw (vG bfhL
UF Phf ga jf
vLJlyhnk vW).
ngg gonj vW Mujh.
yh wj n#hr (1733)
Mrhukhd fh Jt FLgij
nrjt. kjFU Mf KaJ bfhL

17

Uif njthyaJl bfhif

ntWghL VgL vdgL
njthya nguha Mdh. 1776
yl ugy Ph bg#
~uhid rjJ mt th
UKidahf mikjJ. mtuJ Phd
ij Urkhf tsu culh. j _y
bgr mtfSilna e kyjJ.
1767 Kj fLo
uhig (Graphite) vdgL mWnfhz
tos f ntWU rhu gh
vgJjh. mLJ, j yJF gf
xU l rhuha cg ntl
nt brayhf FSnfh rfiu fiur
<L vD rhW cs irnk
vD behdh rhuhakhf, r U
Mi[lhf khWif nkny fhW
jgij fL bgh joaJ mtUF.
mfhid
bfhL
v
kuJLfis mizJ fhodh. nkY,

18

giljtid njLnw...

kndh

19

mbehth bjhoia R bgh

jiu tjjh thitl fdkhdJ
vw cik yglJ. dh mj
thnt fhg-il-Mi[L MF.
fhgilahi[il j gnrhjid
Tl
cUthF
Kiwid
cUthdh. mj fdkhd thit
j fyjnghJ f Ritahdjhf
UjJ. mijjh dh e nkil
ngrhsf kW gy cgnahJ L
ciuahWwhf.

M# ilF myth? V kuf

tsf ntL vd jJ.

nrhlh iu fljj gadh

mt buR ma mfhbjF
njthdnjhL (1772) uha brhiro
gjfK bgwh (1773). 1772
jhtuf Rthgij Kj Kj
ftj Ph. mitf kjfUJ
KY khWgL fhgilahi[L
RthJ M#id btLwd vgJ
ngg ebrahW. mjdhjh
jhtuf kuf tsjh iwa

mt mnkhah, rgilahi[L,
iAu# rigL kW fhg
nkhdhi[L Maitfis J mj
Fzfis Kj flJ tjh.
itfSl mt rhujh mnkhah
thit
ijgJ
FJ
1781
fljh.

mt nkY xU thit fljh.

mJ th ieu Mi[L vgjhF.
mfhW kfilna mrhjhuz isit
cL gaJ. fiythz Kj tontY
tiu vj isit VgLdhfnsh mij
n#hr flj ththd
ieu Mi[L (Laughing Gas) cL
gajhjh. mj bga Fth
vd bgaL miHfgLwJ.

, xUtif a nfhJ
bfhL
vGJnfhyh
vGatiw

20

giljtid njLnw...

mf gagL bghUis cUthdh.

mghid W eh ug (Rubber)
vW TWnwhnk mij fLoj mF
flS mtnu.
MAh #durfkhd Ph vW
F th yhkny jh mgh.

thr uhkhD#...
xU fLiu nghofhf gy gf
UJ xU Ukz klg To
Unjh. mofo rF egf gy
gfY cL. ah njha
khkjfis ga ngR ngho mLj
khj UwJ vW ngR tUif
ghuah, ntfhdj, fjnkij
uhkhD# nghnwh g ngR tjJ.
mnghJ, f ufhF nkijf y
Wta kiwJ LtJ yglJ.
ghuah, ntfhdj nghw ugy
kjfis g mfkhf goJ nfL
mJ Unwh. 33 taJtiu thJ
kiwj ah jiy wj fjnkij
thr uhkhD#iu g bjJ
bfhs Mt VglJ.
ma ffh x mtiu ga
tuf bjJ bfhl eg y

22

giljtid njLnw...

kndh

23

jftfis Tdh. bdhU eg

jh goj tufis brhdh.
nkijf gyuJ thif nghynt xU ViH
FLg wJ, Fgnfhz xU
iz gTl f gazij
Mujhuh. fhy cs isP
fSF kh, bf nghwt
vts nkhfnkh mts nkhf
uhkhD#F fj vD jft
vfis af itjJ. kw ghlf
ntgfh. muR f cjbjhif
iljjh goig bjhlj mtUF v.V.
glgo nj bgw Koaiy.

gutrkhdjh W mtiu g eh
jf vG bfhoUnw. mts
u mJ mtiu L brwJ. Ug
uL tanyna mtUF lgJ vyh
lfL, Hia kidny it
vW v ghoah TW gHbkhF
VwthW mtUF Ukz eilbgwJ.
VjhtJ ntiy nrjhf ntL.
gh ng brid ngh uo
Fkhjh ntiy. gf ntiy brJ
fisjhY, uY X neufY
fzF Muh vwh ghJ
bfhSfns.

Mdh, g gojnghnj
rkghLfis LgJ FJ
mUjh. muh, nahbk Ma
fj gof f Mt VgL
UwJ. ju, nfhz bk, a
fj kr MatY nj bgwh.
mtuJ th UKid mt vGa Rj
fj RUf vD yhF. m

j fzF gilfis bjhFJ a

fj fHf gifF mDdh.
mjf mtuJ fLiuf tu
bjhld. bgbesa vf vw
mtuJ fLiu cyf fj nkijf
ftdij <jjh.
xU yl gif Aho
vgt nghl fzF Ufhd ilia

24

giljtid njLnw...

vGa uhkhD#, mJl jdJ fzF

Mt, ta iy g fojK vG mDg,
tiu g Kj bkjdkhf thj
Aho d mYs bghid
czjh. nf{ gfiyfHf
fj nguhauhd fhnu Aho f
bgw fj z. uhkhD#UF oo
f nru miHjh. gHik thj
FLgij nrj uhkhD#F FHg
VglJ. mtuJ jhahnu fd bjt
Fu nfljhf czJ uhkhD#ij
taD itjh. mPf gy
cjnahL brid gfiyfHf
cgfhu rgsij itJ nf
oo f nrjh.
1914 Ahol nrJ uhkhD#
fj Muhf <Lglh. ntil
jh! uhkhD# mj rka khLy
rkghLf nghw gy Jiwf gy
Muh fLiuf rkjhuh. 1918
oo f cWduhf, uha

kndh

25

brhiro cWduhf Mduh.

Mdh fhy flJjh cyf mtiu VW
bfhlJ, vyh nkijfis nghy.
vfis jfhy bgnwhf vdkh
ftwhf. Mdh uhkhD#nuh
rhghLF
fzF
MuhF
njitahd fhjF lhoUwh.
Fig bjhof, bjUf lF
fhjfis vLJ tJ fzF nghLth
vW eg gojjhf TanghJ f
tjJ. uha brhiro vgJ fj
a Y , b g s f a Y
Kndwij ehL mPf iwj
yhYs gHikahd rf MF. f
wj zfns mj cWduhf Ko.
uhkhD#F mj bgUik iljJ.
d gjid fLghL MW
MLfSF mtUF MLnjhW 150 g
rkhd iljjh. nf{ gfiy
fHf .V. gl mJ bfsujJ. 1919
ah Udh. yhUj nghnj

26

giljtid njLnw...

nehthglh. 1920 vYU neh

fhuzkhf KgJ _W taJTl ughk
fhykhdh.
uhkhD#
rhjidf
{aij ga sf, iAg
nahbk bjhl ga njwf, v
fj, nah bk cjah ka
nuif Rws nghwit mlF. mt
L brw fj Ff, %gzf
Mad MuhFaitahf fwd.
dh, uhkhD# ~buL neh
vw bga yl nf{
gfiyfHf btlJ. mJ mfhu
tkhd ifnalhf fj Jiwd
nghWwd.
whL thJ rhF rhjidfis
fFWa fhynyna rhJL
mizj n#hjh thr uhkhD#!
vW cznjh.

nAh #Ah ghgh...

mQit JisJ m Vfl F
vW tSt TtUJ, mQ vts
EaJ; mj r vts bgaJ vd
sF. xU ehL tyurhf fH ntL
khdh mehL mQr gaghil
mJ m wJ sf ntLkyth?
mQ FHij vwh, ah mj jij
nAh #Ah ghgh. vdnt ahit
bghWj ms mJ nAh mQr
vgjhf bfhsyh.
mt mnlhg 30, 1909 Kig
wjh. ah FHij jah nfho
nfhoah cg brj nghJ xU y
FHijf Kjhf mtjgJ clyth?
nAh #Ah ghgh mnggl FHij
Mth. mQr ah bgUikia
cyfs iyehl cj jt.

28

giljtid njLnw...

is g Kisny bj vgJ
nghy s tanyna ma ghl mf
Mt fhodh. ghgh jhjh ikN
mu Ka g Ujt. jij lhlh
fbg tHfP. vdnt trf
d UJ tjh. fu
#hnfd vD g gwh. mt
ewhf gY bghUL bgnwh
yf VgL bfhLjd. ghgh mjid
eF gagL bfhlh. gRfS
gjffS bgwh. ugygkhf sdh.
fijfY, XafY Tl Mt
fhodhuh. s ta Mg
IO jJt nfhghL iy
vjhf goJ J bfhS w
tsJ bfhlh. w ma
mPf Muh fis
ehtf gogJngh goJ fjh; W
nrhjidfS brthuh.
ggoF wF vl
f gojh. ma fHf
ma Muh <Lglh.

kndh

29

bdhU a. lJ _is jf
ahf ma rhjitf wJ
sFkh. tyJ _is Efiyf wJ
sFkh. bgUghY kjfSF VjhtJ
xU gF wJ sdh kbwhW
XbtLJ L. ghghit bghWjtiu
uL gFfS f wghf sd.
mt ma wJ sanjhL Xa
tiuthuh. irfUfS thgh.
yhJ kW Inuha ehLf
Xaf tiutJ mtuJ bghGJ nghfhf
UjJ. mt tiuj Xaf yl
M nfy l bgWsd.
bgnwh Ugnfg
bgha go nj bgwh.
j Ug ghlfis gy nf{
gfiyfHf nrjh. 1934 lhl
gl bgwh. bgsf wJ
sajh nf{ gfiyfHf
bgsf nguhauhf afglh.
gnrhjidf brJ ghl fwJngh
gnrhjidf brJ khztfis v

30

giljtid njLnw...

ff brjjh wj nguhauhf
fjh.
ah tj mt ulh cyf ngh
rkakhjyh d yhJ Ughk
nfna jlJ, ah ey
neukhf mikjJ. bgfq ah
f bgw Phahd r... uhk
jiytuhf Uj a ma fHf
aa nguhauhf gahdh.
nehg gR bgw Phahd
r... uhk jiyikyhd ma
fUju nAh #Ah ghgh fh
ff ga mUikahd brhbgh
brF jidF Ujhf mikjJ
vW uhk ghuhodh.
yl uha brhiro mtuJ 31 M
ta mtiu jdJ bfsut cWduhf
1941 nrJ bfhlJ. ah
bgsf ma nrhjidf nkbfhs
gz cjf brjJ.

kndh

31

RlL ml njr gW ft
ghgh. ah r_f bghUshjhu ts
FJ mt ftd brwJ. r.
njhulhldhd bjhl mtUF
trF, mjhtJ ma tsF
njitahd bgw cjaJ. 1945 lhlh
ma M ika ghgh KaY,
lhlh jY njhaJ. mj
aFeuhf bghWngwh ghgh. ika
cyYs Muh ikaf mQ
Muh wjjhf saJ. ah
cs gy PhfS nAhghgh
wig czJ lhlh ika nrjd.
mLJ, ghgh mtfSF neU mtfSl Vgl bjhl isthf mQ
ria kf eikfSfhf gagLj
Phf ghLglntL vW a
muR mjfhd midJ cjfis bra
ntL vW a ghuhSkwnyna
khd iwntwglJ. mQr M
FGF ghghit jiytuhf a muR

32

giljtid njLnw...

ajJ. mQria Mf rahf

gagLj Muhf nkbfhsgld.
nua, nshla bfhL
cUthF mQr bfhL rhu jahf
ghgh llh. mQ rfhd nua,
njha Mait ah ilwd
vd a Muh mPf fLof
ghgh Mnyhridgo a muR
cy IjhtJ qnlha mQr
iya KigF mU ouhng
VgLjglJ.
ghgh mQ Muh iya gy
a isPf mQa Muh
<Lgl fhuzkhf ghgh sdh. 1954
mbkf #dhg Irndht Uggo
I.eh. rig VgLa rkhjhd thF mQ
ria gagLJtjfhd M FG
afgl cy jiywj mQa
Phf nAhghgh xUt vgJ
vjifa bgUik!

kndh

33

ghgh Vghodh yhJ,

mnuah, fdlh, Inuha ehLf
MatWl Tlhf mQria Mf
tkhd gfSF gagLj cl
goiff Vgld. vyh ehLfYKs
ma mPfS cldhd ghgh
bjhlgh mJ rhakhW.
a muR nAh #Ah ghghF
f caj glkhd gk mJ
bfsujJ. mQr f VgLj
gL mQ Muhf eilbgwd.
tuJ mQ r ga mid
nfw mbkfh kW yhJ
muRf ed j mQfUfis cUthf
tiu bgU bghU kW khd Tl
bfhLJ gakj Ud.
rkhjhdF mQria gagLJtij
yakhf bfhl nAh ghgh mij
Vfiy.

34

giljtid njLnw...

F ahl VgLj, fruh

mQr Muh iyaij
ouhng VgLj t Kajh.
mbkf cjl Kj mQr iya
jhuh WtglJ. ulh
iya 1962 uh#jh fdlh
cjlD, _whtJ mQr iya
brid fghfY njhWfgld.
ghgh neU kW yh gf rh Ma
a ujkfSF ma Mnyhrfuhf
sdh.
uh#jhYs g~iu
ah Kj mQFil btof
brjh nAhghgh. ah gy cyf
ehLf cajJ. ghgh Ukz brJ
bfhshk mQr MF j
thifia mgjh.
RryhJF
Ia
ehLf
Mnyhrid Tl fyJ bfhs
brW bfhoUjnghJ Vgl khd

kndh

35

g M kiygF fhykhdh.
nAh #Ah ghgh vw a
mQa Ph Wa ghgh mQ
Muh Wtd ggy rhjidfis
bjhlJ brJ bfhL UwJ.
mjdh e a Ueho bgUik
ehL caJ bfhoUwJ.

kndh

fnah...
R kh

Mu MLfSF Kghf
nkfa ehLfY gFjthsfis
kj Fy nuhfshf fUjgl
fhy _l eiff M brjd.
gilf wj kj Fy thtjh
jh ugr ika vW, Vida
uff ia RWtjhf, iybgw
eru klyfSF mgh brhf
csjhf ed. ugr ga Ul
fhyfUij kWjtf utijfSF
jlidfSF Mshdhf. jnghJ
bfhL braf brJL rl
oUJ vjhf jgij ghF
nghJ, thd kly fUJfis Tajnf
jlid vgJ aghf csJ myhth?
vD thikjhnd W btwJ?
thikia neh mj fhy gid
bjhlatf mjfhd grhf
mtkhdfis jhat fnah.

37

1564 Qyf Mf u brj

fnah njhdh. [h gfiy
fHf kUJt gy nrjt
ghnyna Llh. Maf
xthj nfhghLfis vJ thljh
f
cjbjhif
bgwKoahk
btnadh vW TWt.
Mdh,goFnghnj nehahf
eho Joig fl fU,
Crf mfis g, mt
sij bghWJsJ vW fL
ojh.
d oUjgona fj kW
aua ftd brY zJt
bgwh. fLof bjhljd.
iAnuho juhR vw tuJ
fLo tiu Ph,
fL
oghs vw milahsfis jjJ.
t gh btnaa [h giyf
fHf tiu kJ fj nguhauhf
mfjJ. gy gfiy fHffS

38

giljtid njLnw...

tUF miH Ljd. bt

cs ghLth gfiy fHf fj
nguhauhf nrjh. 18 ML fhy mF
gah Muhf gy nkbfhlh.
ma f cUthdh. ild
vW xU a ghl mtuh njhWf
glJ. RHY bghUf ga Muh mJ.
mtuJ fLof Kakhdit cU
bgU vd j tHfgL bly
nfhf vdgL bjhiy nehF
fUfns! KgJ klF cUbgUF r
thj mtiw bfhL ahH uf
ga cikfis fljh.
f l khW vW fljh. thd
klyij ukhf gnrhfyhdh.
ahH ufij R ehF cguff
Ugij flh. ru
cgufkhf RWtij flh. m
kiyf, ghiwf Ugij flh.
f ehg uoid fL
ojh. flj cikfis bjhFJ

kndh

39

eruflUj brf vd
btlnghJ gy vf sd.
mtuJ fLofis VWbfhl
mPf bt Muhahs
bfs.
mlho vw nuf mP
thda jJtfis VW
bfhltfsh fnah ahH
(FU) uf kW fis VW
bfhs Koaiy. tuJ blynfhig
Fiw Td. mj tna ghf kWjd.
ghj yU jkF xW bjaiy vd
Tdhfsh!
mauhj fnah, ruf, Ru,
Na nghw uffis Muhjh. r
uf tisaf uhd kiw Ru
uf khWjf ruid xJ Uj
Mait mtiu <J aoad.
Na f csij flh. mit
nkff vd Ko brjh.

40

giljtid njLnw...

tuJ tha fLof fiH

btWig xUnf rghjd. 1616UJ
t brj uff ga MuhfSF
tuJ #hjfYs uff xJiHfiy nghY. tuJ vf tuJ m
Eg K f Koahk fnjhf
FUkhf _y ghjd. nfhgf vw
tha mP jJtkhd Na ika
jhjij VW bfhl fnah
jhj, Na jdJ m jidjhnd
R RHwJ vgdthF. fnjhf
Urig mfhf mtiu fUJfis
bfhsTlhJ; mJ kj JnuhfkhF vW
flis wjd. kd jsuhj fnah,
ugr Nand ika vw jhjij
urhu brjJl Urig
flisia f ngh rg mtfl
ntodh. 1632 fnah uL
ujhd cyf Kiwf vw
btlh. nuf mP mlho
aa
bfhiffis
jfJ

kndh

41

nfhgf nfhghil MjJ

vGUjh. gKj bra
glJl fnah rhuizia rf
nelJ. fnah Fwthbad .
vGgJ taJ fnah jlidahf
koL k nff itfglh.
MD mt RHynt brwJ vW
bkjhf T bfhlhuh.
79 taJ tiu Muhia bjhlU l
j bgw fnah f xia Hjh.
1642 fhykhdh. Mdh, mt fL
ofS jhjfS fhykhfiy.
fhyjh VWbfhsgld! fhyij
btw fnah Mdh!

kndh

u mghyh rhuhgh...
c yf

rkhjhdF vbddnth
ahffS ntfS, ahd KafS
elJnljh UF vwh mkh
nggiu uo bfhnl.
cyf rkhjhdJF mQ Muhia
gagLa Ph xUt Ujh
vwh v _j rnfhj. ah? nAh ghgh
jhnd? vnw. mtU Tljh. eh
brhy tjJ u rhuhgh vw a
Ph g vW Tw vdF Mt g
bfhlJ. rnfhjl nfL mj mr
fij njh :
ntW uffSF kjiu mD
MuhwJ tyuR ehLf. ah j
kj rKjha uidfSF fhz
braifnfh Kaf csJ
vwhuh u mghyh rhuhgh. cik
jh! mKa gyfisjh eh

43

W gy tiffY mDgJ bfhL

Unwh.
u mghyh rhuhgh mfkjhgh
trf - tsj bjhyg FLg
mghyh - rushnj jgaUF 1919
wjh. bu vdgL mUikahd
gTl g gUt (MAh...
mUikahd Mug).
mF mtUF ma Mt, gil
w tiu VJthd NH iljJ. ma
nrhjidfis jhK brJ ghg Mt
fhoa u rhuhghF bgnwh
ntoa ma cg fuzfis th
jjd.
F#uh go KoJ yl
nf #h f nk go.
UgJ ta bgsfa kW fj
gl bgwh! ma g jff,
ehjf tU brfis goJ
jik l nghL bfhlh (vgojh

44

giljtid njLnw...

kndh

45

yUF gobayh s ta bghW

tUwnjh?) Phfis g bjJ
bfhlnyna ekF gh bghWghtJ
tJlhjh?)

ehl, .M.v. (Physics Research Laboratory) vW

tHfgL aa (ma) M
Tl 1954 #tAyh neU mtfsh
wJ itfglJ.

ulh cyf j bjhlaJ

jhehL U a ma fHf
r... uhk mtfl Muh
khztuhf bgfq nrjh. fh
ff ga j gid bjhl
bgfq, nd kW kakiy
bjhlf njitahd cgfuzfis
1945 Wdh. 1947 a
(mQ fUa) lhl gl
bgwh. mF nAhghgh Muhf
nkbfhL Ujh. mtUl u
rhuhahF e VglJ. rhjid bra
L nfhyhf r... uhk mtfS,
nAhghgh Ujd.

mta MTlF bjh

kW ma M f (Council of
Scientific and Industrial Research - CSIR) kW
mQr Jiw Mju ilJ
tswJ. ah fh ff
g Muh brtjfhf Vgl Kj
MTl Jjh. j is fhZ
cs Fkh u mtfsh njhW
fglJ.

u rhuhghF ma M Tl
VgLj Mt FjJ. u Ka
gydhf mfkjhgh r... uhk mof

mj MTl u rhuhgh
jiyik fh ff neu ntWghL
f g, f bgw thiy z
nf.M. uhkehj mtf jiyik
mabt kW nk fhwGj kly
aa rgjgl M vd U
Mf nkbfhsgld.

46

giljtid njLnw...

rhuhgh xU uju g iyaij

mfkjhghY, bfhilfhd (1951) kW
Utdju (1955) nkY U uju g
iyafis Wdh.
bt ga Muhia ah
Kj Kj bra KawtU u
rhuhghjh. gy Phf btehL
fSF mD jftf nrfjh.
yhJ, mbkfh cl ehLf
u rhuhgh MuhTl f bgwJ.
cyf ma mPf rhuhghia
bt kW fh ff Fj
Muh FGf nrJ bfhld;
Mnyhridf nfld.
mt Phahf kLkyhk wj
ahghahf fjh. mt ahghu
_y
bghU
<o
xU
gFia
MuhfSF bryL bghUL kUJ
fbg MuJ, mY bt flh.
1957-58 my cyf - aa

kndh

47

Mo ah gf _ykhf
u rhuhghF bt Muh
a thf njhd. 1957 I fy brYaJ xU fhuz. bt
Muhfhd a nja FG
jiytuhf u rhuhgh afglh.
nAh ghgh mtf a gf gyJl
rhuhgh Jgh Kj (uhbf) Vfiz
mD iya mikjh. mJ Utdju
mUnf csJ. ka nuif mUnf
mikJsJ.
etg 21, 1963 nrhoa th bfhl
Kj Vfiz mDgglJ. mJ ie
mgh vw mbkf VfizahF.
#gh mQFL btoF wF
mQthwiy mikgF kLnk
gagLj ntL vW ah cW
lJ. mQ Mw mik tF vD
bfhifia cyf muF rhuhgh
bfhL brW ah fiH

48

giljtid njLnw...

gudh. mQfUf ga cyfsha

mif jah I.eh. bghJ
brayhsUF cj FG u l
bgwh.
a
LjiyF
wF
cyf
rkhjhdF, kf ethF
mQria gagLJ bfhif
cUthdJ. nAhghgh mtf kiwF
d mQthw FG jiyik
bghW rhuhghl tjJ. ah
mQr bfhifia bragLj u
rhuhgh ghLglh. Muh
$Anfhlh cUthf cjdh.
1975 ah brYa Kj bt
uhbflhd Maglhit cUthf
llt rhuhgh. Mdh mJ
btfukhf brYjglnghJ mt
y iy. jkJ 52 MtJ tanyna
fhykhdh. I.eh. bt kheho
ma jiytuhf bghW tjt.
ah caj UJfshd gk$,

kndh

49

gk glf bgwt. gehf gjf

bgwt. 1970 adh eilbgw
khehoY jiytuhf sdh.
FWa fhy iwa rhjidf j,
mQria Mf tkhf gagLa,
a btJiwia cyf f bgw
brj u rhuh ghia g cUgoahd
jftfis m ril nghLbfhS
mfh _y nfljF ghuho rkhjhdkhf
cztUj brnwh.

kndh

Ruka runrfu...
th cs eru Tlf ga
gy Muhf eilbgW UjhY,
gy fLof fJ UjhY,
ekJ a Ph U. runrf
MuhfS, fLofS f
cdjkhditahf fwd. J
xbthU aDF bgUikahd xU
brahF.
runrf yhT mnlhg 10,
1910 U. Ruka ma - Uk. jh
jgd _whtJ FHijahf
wjh. mtuJ jij a murhf
caj gj tjh. Mugfia
runrf yhT jdJ bgnwhf kW
j Maf _y fwh. 1918
mtuJ jij bridF khwyh
FLgJl bridF Fo bgajh.
runrf mthw mtuJ khzt

51

gUtnyna btglJ. jdJ caiy

fia fwj Kiw J ca
iyg 1925 M ML iw
brjh. d, brid ubl
f bgsfij w ghlkhf
vLJ, 1930 jkJ siy Phd
glij, Mdl bgwh.
runrf f wj khztuhf
fjjh mtUF yh cs
nf{ gfiyfHf nkgo
gogjfhd cjbjhifia (Scholarship)
a murhf tHaJ. 1933 M ML
runrf jkJ lhlnu glij btwh.
nf{ gfiy fHf cs o
f Prize Fellowship g tHfglJ.
j fhyfl mt j f
njhahd yjhit kzJ bfhlh.
o gj fhy runrf
gy th aa tYefSl
beUfkhd eguhf Ujh. Vbfdnt
mt bt cs eru Tlf

52

giljtid njLnw...

(White Dwarf Stars) ga MuhY

<LgoUjh. j Muh rgjkhf,
murit btfHf (Royal Astronomical
Society) mt ciuahWbghGJ, j
btis w, Fskhd eruf xU
Fl Tlkhf njhwkwd
vD jdJ fLoig btlh.
Mdh, r. Mj vol vw kbwhU
thd aa Ph ij jtW vd
thlh. vD runrfUila fL
ong r vW fhy %fglJ.
fL ofhf, runrfUF nehg
gR f jhkjkhf tHfglJ.
1937 runrfUF fhnfh gfiy
fHf Muhahsuhf tJ nrUkhW
miH LfglJ. mnghJ mtuJ
fLof f f bgwitahf
Ujd. 1937UJ jkJ gfhy
KGtij mt fhnfh gfiy
fHfnyna fjh.
runrf fhnfh gfiyfHf,

kndh

53

eru Tlf ga gy a
Muhfis bra Mujh. j
Muhfhd gydhf, 1942 jkJ fL
ofis xU jf _y btlh (The
Principles of Stellar Dynamics). runrf xU
Muh <Lglh, m mt jid
KGikahf <LgLJ tHfij bfhL
Ujh. mj Muhia Koj ng
mt mLj Muhia vLJ bfhth.
ulh cyf nghnghJ, mQ
Mjf rgjgl, fhnfh gfiy
fHf Muh gnfFkhW miHf
glh. mg j fhy Uthsf
vnfh ~bg kW n# ~uh
nghw f fbgw gy aa
PhfSl gHF thig bgwh.
mJl mj Phf dh
fhnfh gfiyfHf bgsf Jiw
nrJ g jd. j fhuzkhf gy
wj khztf fhnfh gfiy fHf
bgsf Jiw nrjd. tf

54

giljtid njLnw...

uL d khztf, runrf
gahd. runrf rahd t
fhLjdhY, mtfsJ ntiy jid
mt mgJ bfhl FzdhY
uL khztfS 1957 nehg
gir btwd.
runrf gyjkhd Muhf
<LgL bt bgwh. Kakhd vyh
MuhfSF wF mj Muhf
FJ jf vG btLth. mt
Fljf y jff, Hydrodynamics and
Hydromagnetic Stability, Ellipsoidal Figures of
Equilibrium, The Mathematical Theory of Black Holes
MaitahF.
j k J
f L c i H g h Y ,
eFzfshY,
lh
KaahY
runrf gy rhjidfis jh. mj
_y e ehLF bgU f nrjh.
mtiu nghW eh midtU KaW
bt bgw ntL. ahF bgUik
nrf ntL.

n#hr l...
kUJt gY a jkifah jkF
r# mjhtJ mWit ir
zJt bgWt Mt Ugjhf
Tdh. mJ cdF iftj fiyahnw
vW T FL thnd. mt jkF
oj Kndhoahf n#hr l vw
mWit ir ziu g Tdh.
mWit ir br xbthU
kUJtU n#hr liu idfhk
Uf KoahJ.
gbjhgjh whL k bga
mWit irfSF wF VgL
iunahl bjhW neh _y gh
nehahf cHf nelJ. mWit
ir bt; Mdh M ngh nrJ
lh vw iy.
1839 ntayhs #o th

56

giljtid njLnw...

vgt, cl <ukhd R M#
gL itJ vJ fdahf Mtjh
mij jLf fhafis rhJ (shl)
Kjyhd gilfis R Wffo
fhWglhk ghJfhf ntL vd
cWl Tdh.
lid nrj mWit ir
zuhd n#hr l mTiw
rnjjh; jh. lhl ghr
EQ nfhghL if bfhLjJ.
EQf
braghlh
gh
juhwJ. Mdh y EQfsh
mWit ir btfukhf eilbgw
nghJ cUF MgJ iswd.
mRj fhW kLkyhk ijdhY neh
bjhW VgLwJ. EQfis mjh
jh uzf Rjkhf UF vd
nahjh. EQfis bfhy cf
cUthdh. ij mt shnfh vD
MTl nkbfhlh. t
Kiwid gfhr brjd rf kUJtf.

kndh

57

ntfhdj TaJngh xUt bt

bgw _Wiy flf ntL. Kj
gfhr; d ulhtJ v; mij
fljh mnkhf Mju.
lhl n#hr l nehah
cUnf ciy itfToa EQfis
KY mjhjh nehah cley
milth. mWit ir KG bt bgW
vd %jh. vf tYHJ bt
bgwh. vGj v kdey FW
msF brwh vwh ghJ
bfhSf j cyfij g!
1893 oZ jL Kiw kUJt
fHfij lhl l Wdh. neh
jL tKiwf kW btfukhd
mWit ir FJ Muhf nk
nfhsgld. mfHf d l
bganyna saJ.
l mWit irF d
bjhW uidfSF EQfis

58

giljtid njLnw...

mf fhgh myij cgnahf

ntLbkd fLojh. mtyij
itJ fL fL Kiwia mKf
gLdh.
lhl l fhgh myij mWit
ir eilbgW l, nkiria R
fh t Kiw (Spray) bjJ
RjgL, mWit ir fUfis
bfh fhgh my L eidJ
vLJ mWit ir brjh. EQfis bfhW mWit ir
xbthU flY Rfhjhuij iyeho
bt bgwh. mj thf bgwh.
iu v (Anti-Septic) Niy
btfukhf mWit ir brayh vd
%jh. n#hr l 1827 ml,
v[ wjt. jijah n#hr #h[
l oZ aayhs. n#hr
l
yl
gfiyfHf
sfiy gl bgw d kUJt
gwh. a hng vD cla

kndh

59

zl mWit ir gwh. 1852

Kjik kUJt khztuhf gl bgW
1856 vognuh uha gk cj
mWit ir zuhdh. j FUthd
n# ir kfis kz jh. kfngW
yhjnghJ bjh ahf FLg
ahf mtf kl Ujd.
lhl l Kj Kjyhf yh
cs bgUikf rigahd uf
rigF akd bragl kUJtuhth.
nlhah kfhuhah akd brjh.
yl cs kd f kUJt
kid tuJ rkfhy kUJt bgTr
xU mWit ir brJ ghuhL
bgwnghJ f myo bfhlhuh. mnj
khahd mWit iria l
bgTridl wghf ntfkhf brJ
fubth bgwh. MdhY mij l
Ugiy. iwFl jSghjyth?
l ngh thf vW rnfhjia
thnd!

kndh

.o. ehL...
gh jtiu

vyh PhfS
nf{ msF goJ nkijfshf
Uwhfns! Phd Jiw gofhj
nkijf clh vW njhw MujJ.
mgh if fhj khkkh Ut kh
kh sfhjJl .o. ehL vw gofhj
nkij g gJ RtJngh tuf
d.
G. Jiurh ehLit G.D. ehL vw
bga midtU mt. nfhit mUnf
fyf vw uhk, 1893M ML
G.D. ehL wjh. t a taduhf
UFnghnj, tuJ jhah wJ lh.
jij U. nfhghrh ehLth tsf
glh.
go mf ehlyhjtuhf Ujh
.o. ehL. vdnt, 3 M tFl gF
brtijna Wlh. Mdh, jhkhfnt

61

j fW, uhzf kW kUJt,

tha nghw w fis gojh.
ggo mf iy vD,
.o. ehLF ija kW Tikahd
m, fod ciH Mait vnghJ
Ujd. mt brj bjh eZl Vgl
nghY mt kd fyfhk, jDila
ijajh
Kndw
ghLglh.
njhfisna bt miltjfhd go
fLfshf kh bfhlh. Vikahd
FLg wUjhY, jdJ lh
KaahY, fod ciHghY, bga
bjhyguhf sdh. Mug fhy
f Fiwj rgsJF nAhl g
Uwh. vj xU aij eF
bjJ bfhs ntL vw Mt
mtl UjJ. xU nkhlh iris
th, mij KGtJkhf J nghL,
mj bjh Egij mJ bfhS
wik mtlUjJ.
thif ey rjgf mtiu

62

giljtid njLnw...

njo tu Mujd. nkhlh toia g

eF bjJ bfhl mt, jhnk xU
nkhlh toia Xo gz rghf
Mujh. iu mtnu nkhlh
tofis th gid bra
Mujh. d, brhjkhf nkhlh
to bjhrhiy xW Mujh.
mJkLkyhk, tuJ gy fLof
tUF bgaiu, fiH, brtij
rghJ bfhLjd. Muhf gy brJ
gyjkhd aufis jahjh.
nthL g br auij gy
tUlf Kng fLoUwh.
mJl nsL br auij
fLojh. mj au _y
jahuhF nsil, 200 Kiw n bra
gagLjyh.
tuJ
kw
y
fLof
nfkuhF njitahd ol m#l
(Distance Adjuster), ngdh f, fofhuf,
thbdh bgof, kbzbz _y

kndh

63

RW Mait. Mdh mtUF

mtuJ fLofSF ca mfhu
mtUF ilfiy vgJ X
cikahF.
G.D. ehL trhaJiwY jkJ
wikia fho xU uiana
VgLdh. frghUF gHij
ghdh.
Jiw
mt
cUthait : bga nrhs jhtu, caj uf
gU bro, ijaw ggh kW
gythF. t cUtha bjhrhiyf
_y gy ngUF ntiy iljJ. tiu
cathf, ah vor vW
miHghf. 1952 M tUl jdJ brhj
Kadh bgnuh v bfhl fh
xiw cUthdh. thW gy JiwfY jkJ wikia btgLdh
.o. ehL. btehLfY gy f bgw
jiytfis rjh. mehLf cs
bjh Egfis mjh.

64

giljtid njLnw...

.o. ehL Muhfhd gy Cf

bjhiffis (Scholarship) VgL
midtiu CFjh. bjh ffhd
fia kW gy f Wtdfis Wdh. nfhit efuJF bgU
f nrjt .o. ehL vwh mJ
ifahfhJ.

..nu. ...
a nta jij ..nu. Mth
(ah J g nghlhk neuoahf
aJF tJnl!). 1861 uh%
vDl wJ, uhk ggoig
KoJ 1871 bfhfjh brW bknuh
ghl f glgo Kojh.
f
mby[hl
bgy
mtf iufis nfL nta
ehl bfhlh. 1881 v.V. osnkh
bgwh. wF vog gfiyfHf
gy brwh L cj bjhif
bgW.
nuF nAh gR cjbjhif
ah - fyfJF KD, D vw
fLiuF
iljJ.
bubl
f 1889 nu nrjh. 1889 Kj
1916 tiu mF gjh. n#.. nfhZ,
v.M. jh, ..nl nghw m wj

66

giljtid njLnw...

kndh

67

khzhffis ftjh. nu xU ehL

gwhs. vdntjh mt ma
bghWF; Rju ehL bghWfhJ vd
miH Ljh.

ma fUjuf nu Ma ciu
nta kLky, ma ah
vjifa
bgUik
thjJ
vW
czJtjhf mikjJ.

cz fygl, Fghf be
Rjjik, fLF viz Rj jik,
fhyKiw mltiz LgL jkf
cl gy jugl uidfgh
mtuJ Muh guaJ.

My Vfhga jiy w
fhy mJ. af xW mahj
ghkuf vw vz jiy w fhy
mJ. ah nta afij
jiyik jh el bfhoUj nu
miu ah bjhik fhynyna
Rffgl ghjur foia kahf
nehahfSF fLtJ FJ sdh.
l nghl ghjur foia kahf
fLtJ, nehahia Fzkila
brtJ, mJ ed cgfuzf yhj
bjhik fhynyna afSF mJ
rhakhW
vw
br
cyf
Phfis th sf brjJ.
sfhukhf idj y Mnyaf
bt jiy Fjd.

Mntj kUJf KaJt bgw

ghjur J nu jftd brwJ.
ghjur ienu fLo J rhaij
mtUF wjJ. fiuaToa ghjur
ienu cUthf iHjh nu. Mdh
Mrakhf
j
ie
my
mfgoahd ghjurJl fyJ kr
cWaw gok VglJ. j Kof
1896 btahd bgfh Ma rKjha
vD j btahdJ.
yhT eilbgw ukhlkhd

68

giljtid njLnw...

tWik fhuzkhf ubl f

gof Koahk nghd nu d yhJ
brW gof, jh gof idj
bubl fnyna iuahsuhf K Flhnghy nrjJ
ia kah bty Ko vgjF
rhW.
ubl
f
b#fZ
rungh-nu, ma f uhk nu, bkhj ngh, uhk, nu Tl
ah ed maYF tnfhaJ.

ghr...
v egDF fh t. V bjkh?
mtid mt L eh foJlJ. mt
LF brUj eh mtid ghJ,
eyntis! mtnuh eh foia g
ftiygL, jL Cia fL
oUwh! vnw. v eg
mkh, vtnuh iy mJ! ghr!
vW sf Mujh.
ghr, uhR eho cs
nlh vw C org 27, 1822 wjh.
gh jdJ Mugfia fwh. jdJ
rhjddh midtiu ftjt.
W cyf mtiu EQ ca
jij vW nghWwJ. , mtuJ
rhjidfis g ghngh.
tuJ EQ bfhif Mug
Vfgliy. Mdh, t ij

70

giljtid njLnw...

%jh. bfhifgo bgUghyhd

nehf njhwfhuz, if isF
EQfjh. neh u ntLbkwh,
mnehia isF EQfis
mf ntL. mGF bghUfis
fhghw ntLkhdh, mbghUf
cs EQfis mf ntL.
ghr kWbkhU Muhia
Mujh. mJ gLfSF VgL
neh g fLoJ mij Fz
gLJtJ. ghr gy tUlf Muh
brJ, nehia FzkhF Kiwia fL
ojh. Kakhd a vd
btwh, tWik thoanghJ ghr
jdJ Muhia Wanj iy.
ghr gy jL kUJfis
fLojh. W bteh fo vwh
mtuJ jLjh cjwJ. mJ kLky...
bgaikfhd jL ws ekF
cj tUwJ.

kndh

71

kd 3 M bengha xid nrj

gLJ nehfis g flkhW
ghriu nfLbfhlh. 1864 ghr
nehfis g, l Muh brJ,
EQfshjh nehf VgLwd
vd fljh. mJl 55 o bra
tiu xid Rl itjh, mit mJ
L vgij fljh. W eh
ghiy eF bfhf itJ mUJnwh
myth? J ghr fLoj nkbrhd
Kiwahjh. Kiw Pasteurization vW
miHfgLwJ.
thW khl FyJF gy ma
fLofis jj ghriu eh vgo
kwf Ko?

kndh

iknf ~ghunl
eg Mdj, ildhnkh, ildhnkh,
ildh ildh ildhnkh vW ghoago
tjh. J kh ghLwhna?
vnw. ildnkh uh#h iknf ghunl
Phia g ngR nghofhf
iwa bjJ bfhnl; ngnd;
btnw vwh.
xg fUia joL,
bjjij brhY... thifF
cgnahfgL vnw.
g brjij fS gofns :
tWikahd FLg w (ljl
nAh ghgh ju vnyh MugK
gojh UwJ. brhFR thifjh
eik bfLwjh?) sik Rkhuhd f;
jf ahghl ntiy brj ghunl
igoFF tj vyh jffis

73

xW lhk gof m tsjJ.

fiyfsa r ga fLiu
goJ mtUF rhu ghjJngh Mt
gaJ. giHa fzho ghofis
bfhL rhu b#dnul totikjh.
ghunl Mnya nta kW
aa Phahf fjh.
fhj kW nta JiwfSF
mtuJ gf mjkhdJ.
gy ma mPf mtiu xU wj
gnrhjidahs vd ghuhLt. bjh
Eg f r gaghL mtuJ
Kaf isjh. ma M
fSfhf VWbfhsgoUF midJ
cyf myFKiw v.I. myFf vdgL.
Vw v.I. myF ~ghu
vW ghunl bgauh tHfgLwJ.
rhuF fhjF ilna
cs bjhl g fLojJ
ghunl Ka fLoghF.

74

giljtid njLnw...

kndh

75

nta vw ma mikig,
fs nfhghL vw f bgw
nfhghoid ghunl cUthdh.

tjnghJ Vf kWJlh. vD
yhJ uha fHf nta
nguhauhf gj tjh.

r. Anl vw ma mP
ciufis nff nel ghunl mtuJ
ciufis FbgLJ igL brJ
mtUF mD mtiu ftJ mtl
gho fG ntiy nrjh. go
goahf ghunl mtUF f cjahf
gnrhjidf <Lglyhdh. mtuJ
gnrhjid Tl jik aa,
nta Jiwf mUikahf l
nghL bfhlh.

uha fHf bjhlJ btfukhd

iuf nta kW aa
rgjkhf tHdh. ghunl xU f wj
gnrhjidth vd nghwglh. 19 M
who f bga Phahd
ghunl xU ntayhsuhf thit
bjhlat.

FU Anl fLoj Ruf

s MgJ Ugjhf ghuhSkw
fol cikahd igTw,
FUehj nfhgJF Mshdh. uha
fHf njj ghunlF vuhf thfJ
g Jbfhl nghJ ghunl mtgh
FU g m filtiu khwhk elJ
bfhlh. uha fHf jiyt gj

gy gnrhjidf thyhf gy ma
cikfis nfhLghLfis
fljh. Fghf aa fhj r
gaJ. brKiw nta Fj bra
sff jahjh. J mtuJ bjh
EgwikF rhW. iwa J fk
nrkf fLojh (Organic Compounds).
mtW bg KakhF. uju
thit utkhFjY rha vd
%jh.

76

giljtid njLnw...

vD, mtuJ bga gf rhu

kW fhj JiwfshF. tjh Kj
Kj fhj yUJ rhu
jahjt. Kj auij
cUthdh. ildnkh tuJ
fLojh.
rhuF nt bghUfSF
ilnaahd cwit %jh. x jhd
fhj r isid fLojh.
n#sh nkbt vD Ph
ghunl gnrhjid kW nfhgho
mogil rha fhj y
nfhghoid Wdh. ghunl
ma thijfshd ma (Ion),
th (Electrode), vth (Cathode)
kW neth (anode) Maitjh
ws HfYsd.
1820 ghunl v~F cnyhf fyit
FJ M brJ cnyhfa kW
cnyhffis jhJfUJ
bjLF Kiwfis fljh.

kndh

77

kjij bghWjtiu mt brl ka

vD UJt tFig nrjt. va
FLg wjt. kid bga rhuh
bgdh!
jfSF gagLjgL nta
Mjf jahg gnff cWahf
kWjh. yl iknf ghunl
iy bryh vDl WtgLsJ.
l 20 gL %gh jh ghunl
gl mlglJ.
ghunl
blynfh
Mofis
uikif f caj x yf v
(Refractive Index) I jah brJlh. fL
ong 1845 ilahnkdo[
(Diamagnetism) vD khbgU fLoF
taikjJ.
mtuJ rhu kW a Fj
Mf midJ mtuJ eifahd
aif Mwf rhu kLnk
btg, x, fhj r kW ntaf

78

giljtid njLnw...

Tl isth isj wghd

MwyhF vgj mogil mikjd.
1831 uha brhiroF mt uL
gFfshf mj M Kof rhu
Fj gnrhjid Mf vgjhF.
1839 Mnuha FiwjJ. Mdh
L 1845 RWRWghf Mfis
bjhljhuh. RWNH Rfhjhu
FJ mfiw bfhl ghunl aif
ufuhf sdh.
mt l olh iknf ghunl
mtf KGikahd thit ghF
bghGJ mt xU wj gnrhjid ma
jJtPh. khbgU Mthsuhd t
t brwh vbwW ma caJ
bfhnl nghF vWiujJ f
bghUjkhd mtiu ga tfshF.

Mg Io...
ulh

cyf ngh #gha

efufshd nuhkh, ehfhrh J
mbkfh mQFL nguit
clhanghJ midtiu l ngu
miljJ ah bjkh? mQFL
fLogjF tnfha mQ Mw
ga nfhghoid Wa b#k
aa mP Mg Iojh.
cyf rkhjhdij bgJ U
nghat. f bgw khnkijahf
kLk mik Jtuhf sat,
jkJ fL o jifa m braYF
gaglJ FJ tUjhk vd brth?
_ ef ggoig Jta
Io ggo rhjhuz. Mdh
fj, ma ghlf . Tr Rght,
b#k ehil Ml yuh bgJ

80

giljtid njLnw...

btWfgl
j
d
w.
FLgJl jh RryhJ
Foik bgW (Zurich) gfiy
fHf glgo, R ehL cik
fhgf mYtyf Mthsuhf ntiy,
nrhnta khz nthnkia fhj
fokz, bjhlJ U FHijfSF jij
vgd marhuh thif F.
ma Jiw mtUF bgU fiH
mjJ. mtuJ iw Mw thghlhd
(Mass Energy formula) E=MC2 vgnjahF. (
E = Mw (Energy) M = iw (Mass) C = ir
ntf (Velocity) j fhuzkhfnt mt
U FHijfSF kLkyhJ ed
aa jij vd nghwglh.
Io jid vnghJ fj
kW aa Jiwfnyna MUF.
jdF mtnghJ njhW vzf
uridfis FJ itJ dh
FngLf thyhf ugr gy

kndh

81

fSF mtUF kLkyhk mt

_y yfJF iljJ. tif
FngLfUJ
jahJ
M
fLiufSF M (AURICH University)
gfiyfHflUJ Kidt gl
bgwh.
Io x ntfnk ntbwj
Mw ntfij l mfkhdJ vW
%jh. bghlha, ll Ma
cnyhff J x G nghJ mit cG
vy uhfis x vy uhf (Photo
electrons) vW mt isid x
is (Photo Electric Effect) vW bt
gLdh. mgoah, vW rhjhuzkhf
jiyahl ntlh. fLofhf
1921 M ML mtUF cyf fbgw
nehg gR tHfglJ vgjfhf
J mkf.
bjhlJ,
busa
af
nfhghil (Brownian Movement Theory)

82

giljtid njLnw...

btlh. xU k (Liquid) foyh

Jff (Free Particles) aF tjF
mJff k _y TWfSl nrtJ
vgnj m nfhgho RUf. mtuJ
kWbkhU fLo fbgw ra
nfhghlhF (Theary of relativity) is?
cyff!

b#fZ rungh...
jh tuf

ah etg 30 M
ehis jhtuf ehshf bfhlhl
khjd. mitf el mthW
bra fhuz, etg 30, 1858 mW wj
ah jiywj Phf
xUtuhd b#fZ rungh. mtuJ
theh rhjidahf fL mj ma
cikahd jhtufS cdnk vW
fljjh. btfukhd gy gnrhjid
f _y b#fZ ru ngh, ehfS
cngh; Rthngh vgij fL
czJ cyFF giwrhdh vW
jhtuf mtiu bfhlhod. vfsJ
W mirf rkdhd flJ jik
nghwtiw Jakhf mJbfhs
bun[huh~, ~nghnlh bjo
bufhl, nuonahl nghw fUfis
fLojh vd mitf rh
mfTL.

84

giljtid njLnw...

b#fZ
rungh
tf
ikbk vw l wjh.
nf{ gfiy fHf jik l
nghL bfhlh f _ykhf. aa,
aa (Elecro Physics) jhtu tiff
clTWjik f u Muh
nkbfhlh, gnahbf jkJ
Muh bjhlj mt 1917 ngh
o jhtu Muh j
bjhldh. thG thHh df v
isfis fl nrhjidf
<Lglh. btg, kUJf, mf
nghw gtif CfS yF kW
jhtu Ef vthW vbfhwd
vd brKiwf cyFF bja
gLdh. jhtufSF cz cL vd
ah b#fZ rungh fL
ojJ mjkhd bfhlhlglJ.
t bkPhd mayuhd Rth
ntfhdj fhyjt vgJ
FljfJ.

kndh

85

ngh thGfhy mtuJ fLof mnghija ca cyf

(tHf ngh) VW bfhsgliy.
ca vf oZ ca tYe
xUtuh gykhf vfglJ. ilWf
bra gld. mitfis jkJ Muh
Kofis mt au CfSF rhjhuz
jhtuf mirf vw jiy
a b[hi[o btlh.
mitf dh a jf
(Journals) gfgld.
b#fZ rungh mtf Ujh
Kj kjfSF cz csjh vW
Muh <LgoUgh vwh xU
Roga. mt vnghJ Phd fLofSF ck nfhuhjt. j cik
fis ah gHbgU Ktf mJ
itUjd vgh mt. t jhtua
Muhahs kLky. fhj miyf,
jft df FJ gnrhjidf _y
gy cikfis btbfhzJsh.

kndh

r Ir l...
iyth

< ria
wfJ nfh nghy gwgij eh
mnth. Vida gUbghUf midJ
< r isthf
nyna Uwd vw aa
cikia fL mJ cyFF
brhdt yl Mnya aa
kW fza Ph r. Ir l
Mth. t 17 M who ma
uahs vW brhyyh.
wf xnrif bt xah
fwJ vw nfhghoid x
ma t fljh. au
ma l _W ntf fns
milbt < Fj ia tFf
monfhd. fza fhFy
Koyhjrkij Kj fljtU
tnu. ed ma kfjhd Kakhd

87

jbahU rhjid ahbj l

aif jJt fj nfhghLf
MF.
l, yhJ eho cnuh
vdgL a uhk 25 org 1642 M
ML wjh. wUF Kdnu jijia
Hjh. ulhLf jhah kWkz
a ghol l lglh.
(aif isaho W ta
bgnwhiu Hgtf cyf f bgWtij
ahnuD xU Ph MuhantL). t
Vikahd trha FLg wjt
vD trha vofhah frf,
nf{ gfiyfHf nrJ fj
fwh. mF , ngfha kW
fhoa jJtf fwh. nsneh
F gut, gfiy fHf _lglnghJ,
mt mj fhyfljh W
fHgL msF KaJt thj
Muhf <LgL gytiw fL
ojh. vD mtiw gfiy.

88

giljtid njLnw...

A] vgt fojF ilahf,

xU Jfid gut lh, mJ
kia neh tisthf RHy bjhlF
vd bjjh. A] mthW tisthf
RHyhJ tlkhf RHY vd fUJ
bjjh. jid VW bfhshj
l, mil bt nfhf ghij
FJ,
mj
fza
FJ
Muh wdh. nA vgt
Ljng l jkJ ffis
Mf 1684 Kj 1686 tiu gjh.
mitf dh aa ma
f Kakhd jhffis cL ga
aif jJt (Philosophiae Naturalis),
(ah nkjnkofh) aif
jJt fj nfhghLf vd
miHf bgwd.
ah vdgL nfhghLf
Fj Kj jf l 3 f
vdgL af f ga nfhghLf
l bgwd. ulh jf

kndh

89

l ma jJt l bgwJ.
mJ
fhblah[
vdgL
jJtF khwhf mikjJ. Wahf
_wh jf Mw (dynamics)
braghLf, mit Fj sf, y
Cj Fj jJt Mait l bgwd.
Phd tuyh l vw
jbahU Ph rkjit nghW
ma
tsF
ntW
vtU
mfiy vW brhyyh.
t fl cL vw eif
cilat. tuJ fyiw, thgtfns!
kj dJF mfydh fjtiu
idJ bfhlhLf vd f rahf
vGj gLsJ. aif aif
fS Uo UJ l vD
sfh cyFF btrkhW vD
mbyrhl ngh TW bkahF.

kndh

rhy lh...
cikia brhif nfhg tUtJ
aif. yhlh e Mjhthd
kj Fu ng eik FnghJ
ekF nfhg tUwjyth? ij goiy
ts MuhnghJ fljt
yh bf vDl wj
aa mPU nkijkhd rhy
lh. wjJ ut 12, 1809.
tuJ jijah yl th kUJt
uhg th lh; ghldh kUJt
uhk lh. thW cajL
FLg wj rhy lh vL
tanyna jhia Hjt. vD, xU fj
_o kbwhU fj wgJngh lh
jhah Hgahk _j rnfhju
rnfhjf kW cwdf xLbkhj
mutiz t xU Fiw
tsjh.

91

brhFR thif uahk mtuJ

_is mghukhf Jikneh ntfkhf
bra glJ. gy nta Mfis s
ta brayhdh. kUJt kd bryiyna vd FLgdUF Mjf
UjJ. U vd?
lh gilfglJ gy ma
cikfis fla; mtiu g
gyU cyf KGtJ vGj; ehD k
f j vGjjhnd? dh
khbgU fbgw lh, 16 tany
vobg gfiyfHf kUJt
go gof mDgglnghJ kaf
kU gzgl mWit irfhf
btnawglh. mt fhyho
jUif, jhtuayhsU uhg
uho flth cdfis ga
Mid mKfgLatUkhd y
z uhg n#[ bjhl
ilJ mtuJ MuhfSF tnfhd.

92

giljtid njLnw...

tUF jhtua z #h
Ot bA nyh bjhl
VglJ. bAnah xU nkij. mt
lh ma rhj Mtij
CfgLdh.
bAnyh gJiung
vv vD fg ytr
gaahf aayhsuhf rhy lh
miHf glh. m fg, bjdkfh
HF kW nkF flfiuf, g
f Fnuhndhbk iyaf W
Muhid nkbfhljhF.
rhy ya vGa nfhsa
jhjfis goj rhy lh
jDila M fLof ta
jJtfis xo miktjhf czjh.
vkiy FHf bjhlJ goJ goJ
btgotkh fl mo gLifah
sFtij czjh. mitf caj
gokf fsh fl klJF nkny
mikJsjh fljh.

kndh

93

mtuJ mauh nfhsa Muh,

cya fis fla oaJ.
isthf gzhk tsgh mt
kd jhaJ. giHa gokf fS
a cdfSFkhd xWikia
xikia Muha Kglh. gaz
mtUF UF Phia bt
bfhL tjJ.
1836 yhJ Ua lh
nfhsa r_f cWduhf mj
thf fYF njbjLfglh.
1839 mtuJ fg gaz nfhsa
Mfis
nfhsa
kW
gdhLf aif tuyhW vw
ja Muh fLiufshf gjh.
ya ya jhtua
vd lh Muh thff
jnghija ma tsF Jfshf
csd.