RAINWATER

Guidelines for Installing A Rainwater Collection and Utilization System

CONTRIBUTIONS: Grateful acnowledgment is made of t!e assistance "ro#ided to t!e
successful com"ilation of t!is guideline $y t!e following:
Arc!itect and S"ecial %ro&ects 'e"artment
(uala )um"ur City *all
)ocal Go#ernment 'e"artment
+inistry of *ousing and )ocal Go#ernment
'rainage and Irrigation 'e"artment
+inistry of Natural Resources and ,n#ironment
-ector Borne 'isease Control 'i#ision
+inistry of *ealt!
.ater Resources +anagement 'i#ision
National *ydraulic Researc! Institute of +alaysia /NA*RI+0
Association of Consulting ,ngineer1s +alaysia /AC,+0
Institute of ,ngineer1s +alaysia /I,+0
Association of Arc!itect +alaysia
Real ,state and *ousing 'e#elo"ers Association /R,'*A0
%er$adanan (ema&uan Negeri Selangor
+a&lis %er$andaran %ulau %inang
+a&lis %er$andaran Sandaan
Syariat Bealan Air Selangor /S2ABAS0
%ersatuan %engurusan (om"les +alaysia
THE COMMITTEE FOR THE GUIDELINES FOR RAINWATER COLLECTION
AND UTILIZATION SYSTEM

Ad#isor 23B3'ato1 Azmi Bin (!alid
Tim$alan +enteri II
(ementerian %eruma!an 'an (era&aan Tem"atan
Tec!nical Ad#isor ,nci *assan $in *a&i *amza!
%engara! 4a$atan Arite dan %ro&e (!as
'ewan Bandaraya (uala )um"ur
C!airman Ir3*ooi 2oe +eng
Tim$alan %engara! 4a$atan Arite dan %ro&e
(!as
'ewan Bandaraya (uala )um"ur
Committee Ir35ong Tian 2ong
%engara! Unit (awalan Bangunan
(ementerian %eruma!an dan (era&aan Tem"atan
,nci Nordin $in +o!d Salle!
4a$atan (era&aan Tem"atan
(ementerian %eruma!an dan (era&aan Tem"atan
,nci *ew See Seng
4a$atan Arite dan %ro&e (!as
'ewan Bandaraya (uala )um"ur
Ir3*&3A$dul *amid $in +d3(assim
Ba!agian Saliran
4a$atan %engairan dan Saliran
(ementerian %ertanian
Ir3C!eng %e Siang
4a$atan %engairan dan Saliran /.ilaya!
%erseutuan0
(ementerian %ertanian
,nci Tee Sing Tiat
4a$atan %engairan dan Saliran /.ilaya!
%erseutuan0
(ementerian %ertanian
,nci (3Nantaumar
4a$atan Saliran dan %engurusan Sungai
'ewan Bandaraya (uala )um"ur
RAINWATER
Guidelines for Installing A Rainwater Collection and Utilization System
INTRODUCTION
.!ere#er t!e country or city e6"eriences a se#ere water s!ortage7is inclined to construct more
dams u"stream3T!e de#elo"ment of giant dams u"stream !owe#er de#ours #ast tracts of forest
and t!e cost of suc! "ro&ects are enormous3+oreo#er t!e demand of water su""ly in ur$an
areas is liely to increase due to a ra"id concentration of "o"ulation and increase in industries3
T!e country is endowed wit! far more rainfall t!an t!e amount of water demand3Rainwater
!ar#esting could $e and effecti#e tool for !el"ing to reduce t!e use of treated water and
"ro#ides a con#enient $uffer in times of emergency or a s!ortfall in "u$lic water su""ly3
Rainwater !ar#esting from roofto" catc!ments and cistern storage is not new3It !as $een an
im"ortant source of water su""ly for domestic "ur"oses in many rural areas in t!e "ast3
T!e need to "romote rainwater collection and utilization can lead to t!e com"re!ensi#e
resolution of water resources "ro$lems and t!e en#ironmental "ro$lems in ur$an areas3
T!e "ro"osal to $uild tens of t!ousands of 8mini dams9 /rainwater tans0 in ur$an areas instead
of continuing to $uild giant dams u"stream not only contri$ute to treated water conser#ation
$ut also !el"s to control ur$an floods $y storing rainwater from roofs and t!e ground
surface3T!e stored water can $e used for non:drining "ur"oses and as a $ac:u" water su""ly3
RAINWATER
Guidelines for Installing A Rainwater Collection and Utilization System
CONTENTS PAGE
Acnowledgements
Introduction
1.1 PURPOSE OF GUIDELINES
;
1.2 SCOPE THE GUIDELINES
;7 <
1.3 HOW TO USE THE GUIDELINES
<
2. ELEMENTS OF RAINWATER COLLECTION
AND UTILIZATION SYSTEM
<3; Collection Area =
<3< Con#eyance Area =
<3> Storage 5acility =
<3= 'istri$ution System =
3. QUALITY OF RAINWATER & USAGE OF RAINWATER
>3; General ?
>3< Rainwater and Roof Collection ?
>3> Recommended Usage of Rainwater ?
4. TECHNOLOGIES FOR RAINWATER
COLLECTION AND UTILIZATION
=3; Collection rainwater from Roof @
=3< ,liminating Contaminated first 5las! Rainwater ;A
=3> 'raining ,6cess Rainwater in *ea#y Rain ;A
%rotecting Rainwater Utilization 5acilities from *ea#y Rain
=3= Interce"ting O$stacles Using 5ilters7 Strainers and Nets ;<
=3B Storing Rainwater in Tan ;<7 ;=
=3? Su""lying Rainwater to %lace of Use ;?
=3C Using Treated .ater in Times of S!ortage ;@
=3@ %re#ention of +osDuito Breeding ;@
CONTENTS PAGE
B3 MULTI-STOREYED BUILDING
B3; 'efinition <A
B3< Rainwater Collection and Utilization <A
B3> Roof Catc!ments <A
B3= Collection Rainwater <A
B3B Rainwater Storage TanE5acility <A
B3? Usage of Rainwater <<
B3C ,liminating Contaminated 5irst 5las! Rainwater <<
B3@ Rainwater for Toilet 5lus!ing <<
B3F +aterial of ,le#ated Rainwater Tan <<
B3;A Using Treated .ater in Time of Rainwater S!ortage <<
B3;; Grit C!am$er G Sedimentation Tan <=
B3;< Tec!nical %oints to $e considered for <=
)arge Rainwater Storage Tan
6. MAINTENANCE OF RAINWATER
COLLECTION AND UTILIZATION
?3; Catc!ments Area <?
?3< Sedimentation Tan <?
?3> 5ilterEScreen <?
?3= Rainwater Storage Tan <?
?3B Rainwater Su""ly ,Dui"ment <?
. CREATI!E DESIGN OF RAINWATER
COLLECTION AND UTILIZATION FACILITIES <C
C3; General
C3< Creati#e 'esign
APPENDI"
A. E"AMPLES OF CREATI!E DESIGNS OF
RAINWATER STORAGE FACILITY
;3 Rainwater Tan Using Columns or $ric %iers <@7 <F
<3 Rainwater Tan Using %artition .all 5encing >A
>3 Rainwater Tan as an )andsca"e ,lement >;
=3 Rainwater Tan as an Arc!itectural 5eature ><
CONTENTS PAGE
B. TYPICAL E"AMPLES OF RAINWATER
COLLECTION AND UTILIZATION
;3 Tan at 5irst )e#el wit! Gra#ity Su""ly >>
<3 Tan on Ground )e#el 3%um"ing G >=
Roof Tan Gra#ity Su""ly
>3 Tan Underground7 %um"ing G >B
Roof Tan Gra#ity Su""ly
TABLES
;3 A#erage %* of Rainwater in (uala )um"ur >
And %etaling 4aya for ;FF@
<3 Recommended Storage Ca"acity ;>
>3 %lan to +aintain Rainwater Utilization 5acilities <B
FIGURES
;3 ,lements of a Rainwater Collection and Utilization System >
<3 'e#ice to Cut 5irst 5las! Rainwater /I0:Using Se"aration %i"e C
>3 'e#ice to Cut 5irst 5las! Rainwater /II0:Using Se"aration Tan F
=3 'e#ice to 'eal wit! *ea#y 5las! Rainwater F
B3 Net at Roof 'rain ;;
?3 Net at Gutter ;;
C3 5ilter in Rainwater 'own "i"e
;;
@3 Strainer in Rainwater 'own "i"e ;;
F3 'etails at Storage Tan ;>
;A3 Roof To"ETan /Gra#ity Su""ly0 ;B
;;3 Underground Tan /%um"ed Su""ly0 ;B
;<3 Ground )e#el Tan /%um"ed Su""ly0 ;B
;>3 %re#ention of +osDuito Breeding: Using Insert %roof Net ;C
;=3 Se"arate 'own "i"e for Rainwater Collection and 'isc!arge
from Cooling Tower and ,le#ated Tan ;C
;B3 .ater Su""ly from ,le#ated Rainwater Tan ;F
;?3 Rainwater Tan wit! ,lectrode Rod Control <;
;C3 Grit C!am$er <;
;@3 Ground )e#el Sedimentation Tan <>
;F3 Sedimentation Tan Incor"orated in Rainwater Storage Tan <>
1.# RAINWATER COLLECTION AND UTILIZATION
1.1 PURPOSE OF GUIDELINES
T!e guideline for rainwater collection and utilization !as $een "re"ared to
document some of t!e ways in w!ic! rainwater can $e collected from roofs of t!e
$uildings and t!e "ractical utilization of t!e rainwater3
T!e Guidelines::
Is intended as an 8ideas manual9 for references for t!ose w!o wants to
install a rainwater collection and utilization system3
Is intended to "ro#ide some information on t!e Duality of rainwater7t!e
rationale $e!ind t!e tec!niDues of rainwater collection and utilization
system suggested3
Is aimed at encouraging t!e owner to t!in and ado"t w!ere#er "ossi$le
a""ro"riate inno#ati#e alternati#es w!ic! offer real ad#antages /c!ea"er to
t!e owner7 more functional7 aest!etically "leasing0 and ada"ta$le to !is
needs3
1.2 SCOPE OF THE GUIDELINES
T!e Guideline is di#ided into t!e following sections and a""endices::
S$%&'() T*(
T!is section $riefly e6"lains t!e elements or com"onents of t!e rainwater
collection and utilization system3
S$%&'() T+,$$
T!is section "ro#ides some information of t!e Duality of rainwater and
recommended usage of rainwater3
S$%&'() F(-,
T!is section e6"lains t!e tec!nologies for rainwater collection and utilization
system i3e3 system to collect7 store and use3 It "ro#ides a selection of
alternati#e design elements w!ic! may$e a""ro"riate in a gi#en conte6t3It also
include t!e ment!od of "re#enting t!e $reeding of mosDuito3
S$%&'() F'.$
T!is section outlines some "rinci"les of installing a rainwater collection and
utilization for multi:storeyed $uildings t!at differs from t!e system for
singlesEdou$le terrace or stand:alone $uildings3
S$%&'() S'/
T!is section gi#es a recommended maintenance "lan of t!e rainwater
collection and utilization system for t!e use of clean rainwater3
T!e sco"es descri$ed are liely to meet t!e needs in terrace !ouses7
$ungalows7 multi:storeyed $uildings in !ousing com"le6es7 commercial
$uildings and sc!ool3
S$%&'() S$.$)
T!is section maes suggestion t!at rainwater storage facility may not
necessarily $e ready:made tans3 Storage facility can $e designed wit! t!e
greatest "otential as "ieces of arc!itecture7 landsca"e and aest!etically to
$lend wit! t!e surrounding en#ironment3
A00$)1'/ A
T!is a""endi6 e6"lores and gi#es some creati#e designs of rainwater storage
facility in "lace of storage tan t!at is aest!etically "leasing3
:some food for t!oug!t3
A00$)1'/ B
T!is A""endi6 "ro#ides e6am"les of ty"ical rainwater collection and
utilization system for terrace !ouse and $ungalows3
1.3 HOW TO USE THE GUIDELINES
T!e guidelines set out recommendations for t!e general "rinci"les7 designs7
layout and installation of a rainwater collection utilization system3
Alt!oug! t!e em"!asis in on !ousing and domestic uses7t!e "rinci"les and
designs for ot!er $uildings are similar35or t!is "ur"ose7recommendations set u"
for Hlarge installation system1is refered to multi:storey $uilding or w!ere
rainwater usage is $ig and Hsmall installation1 is refered to single Edou$le storey
terrace or stand alone $uilding or w!ere t!e rainwater usage is small3
T!e system consists of a Hcollection system1and t!e Hutilization system13If t!ere
is constraints in $udget7s"ace reDuirement 7difficulty in reno#ation of "i"es in
e6isting $uildings to su""ly rainwater for toilet flus!ing7t!e owner can install
only a collection system7wit! a ta" outlet attac!ed to t!e rainwater storage tan
and su""ly to "laces of use can $e from a $ucet or watering can $e directly or
t!roug! a !ose connected to it3
T!is uses t!e recommendations to suit t!e indi#idual needs3


<3A ELEMENTS OF THE RAINWATER COLLECTION AND
UTILIZATION SYSTEM
T!e main com"onents and elements in t!e rainwater collection system are::
2.1 T+$ C(22$%&'() A,$3
;3 Indi#idual roofto" of !ouse or $uilding3
<3 Communal catc!ments
:directly from t!e sy
: surface run:off from large "a#ed area3
<3< C().$43)%$ S45&$6
;3 Series of gutters t!at carry t!e rainwater from t!e collection area to t!e
cistern E storage tan3
2.3 S&(,37$ F3%'2'&4
;3 Constructed as "art of a !ouse or $uilding3
<3 Constructed E installed se"arately on t!e ground or under t!e ground3
>3 Storage tans or storage facility of creati#e design3
2.4 T+$ D'5&,'8-&'() S45&$6
;3 T!e "lum$ing system /including "um"s if necessary0 su""lying
rainwater to t!e "lace of use3
Basic element of a rainwater collection and utilization system wit!
storage facility is s!own in 5ig3;3
3.# QUALITY OF RAINWATER
3.1 GENERAL
;3 T!e Duality of rainwater de"ends on t!e air Duality3 Rain was!es off
sus"ended "articles in t!e air w!ile falling3 Rain in ur$an areas contains
!armful su$stances suc! as sul"!ur dio6ide and nitrogen o6ides disc!arges
from cars and factories7 and acid rain is t!e result of t!ese in t!e air3
<3 T!e "arameter H"*1 is used for measure of t!e acidity in rainwater3/"* C I
neutral7and lower t!e num$er7t!e more acidic t!e water0
>3 5rom record of rain stations7collected in (uala )um"ur and %etaling 4aya for
;FF@7 t!e "* #alue of t!e rain is $etween =3= to =3@3/ta$le ;0
3.2 RAINWATER AND ROOF COLLECTION
;3 T!e Duality of rainwater collected from t!e roof of $uildings de"ends on t!e
condition of t!e roof3 'irt7 soot7 lea#es and e6creta of cats and $irds are
de"osited on or attac!ed to roofs causing contamination3Contamination is
es"ecially !ea#y wit! t!e first raindro"s after a long dry s"ell3
<3 T!e first flus! rainwater must $e eliminated from t!e catc!ments $efore it is
collected3 /Refer to =3<03
>3 T!e Interim National .ater Juality Standards 5or +alaysia and .ater
Juality Category and uses /Refer to =3> and =3=03
>3> RECOMMENDED USAGE OF RAINWATER
;3 T!e Duality of rainwater is determined $y t!e collecting source3Rainwater
collected from roofs of $uildings s!ould not $e used for drining and cooing
"ur"oses3
<3 Rainwater collected s!ould t!erefore $e used for t!e following "ur"oses::
i0 5lus!ing toilets
ii0 .atering "lants
iii0 .as!ing #e!icles
i#0 General cleaning
4.# TECHNOLOGIES FOR RAINWATER UTILIZATION
System to collect7store and use7
T!e tec!nology to o"erate a rainwater collection and utilization system is made of
t!e following functional tec!niDues::
;3 Collecting rainwater from roof3
<3 Cutting off contaminated rainwater w!en rain starts3
>3 'raining e6cess rainwater in !ea#y rain3
=3 Storing rainwater in tans3
B3 Su""lying rain water to t!e "lace of use3
?3 Using treated water in times of s!ortage3
T!is c!a"ter mainly deals wit! crucial "oint of eac! functional
tec!niDue in rainwater utilization for::
;3 Bungalows
<3 Terrace !ouse
>3 +ulti:Storeyed $uilding
4.1 COLLECTING RAINWATER FROM ROOF
4.1.1 R((9
T!e roof of $uildings resources for rainwater catc!ments3,nsure t!e largest
"ossi$le area for rainwater catc!ments3
4.1.2 R((9 S-,93%$5
Roof surfaces s!ould $e c!emically inert materials7suc! as concrete tiles7metal
decK3in order to a#oid ad#erse effects on water Duality3
4.1.3 R3')*3&$, D(*)-P'0$
'own "i"es s!ould $e of c!emically inert materials suc! as U%-C7 gal#anized
ironK in order to a#oid ad#erse effects on water Duality3
4.1.4 G-&&$,5
Gutters s!ould $e of c!emically inert materials suc! as U%-C7 gal#anized ironK
in order to a#oid ad#erse effects on water Duality3
=3< ELIMINATING CONTAMINATED FIRST FLUSH RAINWATER
4.2.1 G$)$,32
;3 Rain was!es off sus"ended "articles in t!e air w!ile falling3
<3 Rains in ur$an areas contain !armful su$stances suc! as sul"!ur dio6ide and
nitrogen o6ides emitted from cars and factories3
>3 'irt and soot containing !armful su$stances de"osited on or attac!ed to roofs
causing contamination3
=3 Contamination is es"ecially !ea#y wit! t!e first raindro"s after a long dry
s"ell3
B3 T!us first flus! rainwater for B to ;A minutes must $e eliminated from
catc!ments3
=3<3< D$.'%$ &( 5$03,3&$ 9',5& 92-5+ ,3')*3&$,.
;3 Install a small first flus! se"aration tan at t!e down "i"e as s!own in 5ig3>3
<3 Rainwater flows into t!e small tan first and w!en t!e tan is full7a float #al#e
installed in t!e small tan closes t!e inlet of t!e tan and t!e running
rainwater flows into t!e main rainwater storage tan3
>3 ,m"ty t!e first flus! se"aration tan $efore t!e ne6t rainfall3
=3 Anot!er met!od to se"arate first flus! rainwater using se"aration "i"e is
s!own in 5ig3<3
4.3 DRAINING E"CESS RAINWATER IN HEA!Y RAIN
4.3.1 G$)$,32
;3 .!en t!e great amount of rainwater gus!es into a storage tan t!roug! a
rainwater collecting "i"e in !ea#y rain7soil and sand accumulated at t!e
$ottom are stirred u" and t!is can cause eDui"ment trou$le3
<3 T!e e6cess water during !ea#y rain will also o#erflow3
4.3.2 P,(&$%&')7 ,3')*3&$, -&'2':3&'() 93%'2'&'$5 1-,')7 +$3.4 ,3')./5ig3=0
;3 An o#erflow "i"e s!all $e installed in t!e tan3
<3 T!e diameter of t!e o#erflow "i"e s!ould $e larger t!an t!at of t!e rainwater
inlet "i"e3
>3 A s!ort "i"e for relie#ing t!e "ressure of t!e collecting "i"e s!ould $e
attac!ed to t!e #ertical "art of t!e collecting "i"e to "re#ent a$normal "ressure
from $eing "roduced inside3
4.4 INTERCEPTING OBSTACLES USING FILTERS STRAINERS;AND NETS.
4.4.1 G$)$,32
;3 )ea#es7 dirt or sand gat!ering around roof or gutter "ollute rainwater3
<3 5reDuent cleaning is not "ractical for t!is u""ermost "art of t!e !ouse or
Building3
4.4.2 C3,&,'17$-F'2&$,5; S&,3')$, A)1 N$&5
To "re#ent lea#es7 dirt or sand coming toget!er into t!e down"i"e and into t!e
rainwater tan::
;3 Install a ready:made cartridge filter or strainer &ust $efore t!e rainwater enters t!e
storage tan3
<3 Cartridge filters s!ould $e re"laced regularly3
>3 Strainer s!ould $e made of rust "roof material to "re#ent t!e deterioration of water
Duality and $e designed to $e easily remo#a$le3
=3 Ordinary net mes! or stainless mes! can $e used at roof drain and gutter3/5ig3B G
5ig3?0
B3 A net or screen mes! of <:> to ;Amm is suita$le3
?3 A strainer or a cartridge filter installed &ust $efore t!e rainwater enters t!e storage
tan maes remo#al of o$stacles easier3
4.< STORING RAINWATER IN TAN=S
4.<.1 S&(,37$ T3)>
Any #essel or container used as a rainwater storage tan s!all com"ly wit! following
conditions::
;3 No leaage
<3 +ade of material t!at contains no ingredients t!at could dissol#e in rainwater7t!us
contaminating it and t!at is sun"roof to "re#ent algae from growing3
>3 It must !a#e a lid to "re#ent dirt and #a"ourization and is designed so t!at t!e inside
can $e easily cleaned3
4.<.2 M3&$,'32 (9 S&(,37$ T3)>.
;3 Ready:made rainwater tans in marets can $e used3
<3 Tan material can $e !ot di""ed gal#anized steel7stainless steel7glassfi$re
reinforced "lastic7reinforced concrete and "olyet!ylene3/Refer to Ta$le <0
4.<.3 D$5'7) O9 S&(,37$ T3)>./5ig3F0
All rainwater tan s!ould include as an minimum reDuirement ::
;3 A solid secure co#er
<3 A o#erflow "i"e larger in diameter t!an t!e incoming rainwater su""ly "i"e3
>3 A scour "i"e and #al#e for drainage3
=3 An e6traction system e3g ta"s or "um"s3
B3 A de#ice to indicate t!e water le#el in t!e tan /o"tional03
4.<.4 R$%(66$)1$1 S&(,37$ C303%'&4.
;3 Recommended minimum storage ca"acity for $uilding category gi#en in Ta$le <3
<3 T!e minimum storage ca"acity is $ased on use of rainwater usage for toilet
flus!ing7 watering "lants7 was!ing #e!icles and general cleaning3
>3 It is $ased on t!e location !a#ing rain once e#ery = days on t!e a#erage3
=3 ,6isting structures may !a#e difficult to ensure a "lace for large rainwater storage
tan3
B3 A larger storage tan is not necessarily $eneficial as s!ortage of rainwater can $e
su""lemented $y treated water3
4.6 SUPPLYING RAINWATER TO PLACE OF USE

4.6.1 G$)$,32
T!e system of su""lying rainwater to "lace of use de"ends on t!e "lace of installation
of tan or storage facility3
5or tans installed at::
4.6.2 R((9&(05 ?B32%()'$5 (, R((9-T$,,3%$@
Rainwater storage tans E facility installed eit!er in roof to"s /including $alconies or
roof:terrace07it is "ossi$le to su""ly t!e water to toilets $y gra#ity3/5ig3;A0
4.6.3 U)1$, T+$ R((9 ?A8(.$ &+$ C$'2')7@.
T!e sim"le "ur"ose of collecting and utilizing rainwater is to install t!e storage
facilityEtan under t!e roof and it is "ossi$le to su""ly water to lower le#elEfloors $y
gra#ity3T!ere may$e a restriction on t!e tan size due to s"ace3T!e structure of t!e
$uilding needs to $e c!eced to ensure t!at it is sufficiently adeDuate to tae t!e weig!t
of t!e water3
4.6.4 G,(-)1 L$.$2 A)1 U)1$,7,(-)1 L$.$2
It t!e storage tan is installed to t!e ground le#el7in t!e garden or underground7it is
necessary to "um" water to su""ly it to u""er le#elsEfloors3/5ig3;; G ;<0
4.6.< R3')*3&$, P2-68')7 S45&$6
;3 T!e rainwater "i"e su""lying to "lace of use s!ould $e a se"arate "i"ing system
from t!e treated water "i"ing system to "re#ent contamination of t!e treated water3
<3 %aint t!e rainwater su""ly "i"e for easy identification3
4.6.6 P-605
;3 5or small installations7 "neumatic "um"s may suffice3*owe#er for large
installations centrifugal "um"s or end section "um"s may $e used3
<3 Consult an e6"erienced "lum$er or an engineer for ad#ice if in dou$t $efore
installing t!e "um"ing system3 /Refer to Ta$le >0
4. USING TREATED WATER IN TIMES OF RAINWATER SHORTAGE
4..1 G$)$,32
.!en rainwater is used for flus!ing7 toilets $ecome unusa$le w!en t!e rainwater tan
runs out of water3It is necessary to use treated water from t!e treated water su""ly
system7 w!en t!ere is no rain3
4.A PRE!ENTION OF MOSQUITO BREEDING

To "re#ent t!e $reeding of mosDuitoes7 t!e following are recommended::
;3 T!e rainwater is recommended to $e used regularly and re"lenis!ed often as
mosDuito lar#ae will not !atc! in tan if it is used regularly3
<3 Use t!e rainwater instead of treated water w!ere#er rainwater is a#aila$le3
>3 'uring "eriod of dry weat!er7 t!e rainwater tan will $e em"ty7t!e remaining
stagnant water s!ould $e drained out com"letely3
=3 If t!e rainwater is e"t for se#eral days7it is ad#isa$le to use HA$ate:;:SG1 to
"re#ent t!e $reeding of mosDuitoes3Recommended dosage s!uld $e ;Agm HA$ate:;:
SG1 for e#ery FA litre of water3
B3 T!e o#erflow "i"e only !as water running t!roug! it during rainfall and it can $e a
route for mosDuitoes to enter t!e rainwater storage tan3%utting a net o#er t!e outlet
of and o#erflow "i"e will "re#ent t!eir in#asion3/5ig3;>0
<.# MULTI-STOREY BUILDING
<.1 D$9')'&'()
;3 +ulti:storey $uildings refer to $uildings ot!er t!an single Edou$le storey terrace
$uilding or $ungalows3
<3 +ulti:storey $uildings may$e an office:$loc7a commercial com"le67an
institutional $uilding or a mediumE!ig! rise !ousing com"le63
<.2 R3')*3&$, C(22$%&'() A)1 U&'2':3&'()
;3 Generally t!e tec!nology of rainwater collection and utilization is similar to
singleEdou$le storey terrace !ouse and $ungalows3
<3 Rainwater collection and utilization in t!ese $uildings usually !a#e limited
catc!ment areas7 storage "laces and storage ca"acity if no so designed for3
<.3 R((9 C3&%+6$)&
;3 5or flat:roof7c!ec if t!ere is a cooling tower or an ele#ated tan on t!e $uilding
roofto"3
<3 T!e cooling tower disc!arges salt:ric! water into t!e rainwater down"i"e and t!e
water drained from t!e ele#ated tan into t!e rainwater down"i"e /if t!ere is no
se"arate drainage down"i"e from t!e tan0 is contaminated $y cleaning c!emicals3
/5ig3;=0
>3 ,nsure t!at during and after cleaning7 t!e waste water from t!e cooling tower or
ele#ated water tan is drained t!roug! a se"arate drainage down"i"e or else7t!e
rainwater collected is not recommended for toilet flus!ing3
<.4 C(22$%&')7 R3')*3&$,
T!e sim"lest and t!e most reasona$le met!od for collection of rainwater is from t!e
$ottom of a near$y rainwater down"i"e into a storage tan installed w!ere rainwater is
used3
<.< R3')*3&$, S&(,37$ T3)> B F3%'2'&4
T!e rainwater storage tan E facility is normally installed on t!e ground7 underground or
under t!e floor of t!e lowest le#el $ecause of its large facility3
<.6 U537$ O9 R3')*3&$,
5or e6isting $uildings7 reno#ation of "i"es and "i"e system is not easy and costly7
rainwater can $e used for car was!ing7gar$age collection area cleaning7and "lant
watering3
<. E2'6')3&')7 C()&36')3&$1 F',5& F235+ R3')*3&$,
T!e storage facility in multi:storey $uilding can store a large amount of rainwater7first
flas! rainwater re"resent only a small "ortion3In suc! installations7first flas! rainwater
can $e left in t!e storage tan3
<.A R3')*3&$, F(, T('2$& F2-5+')7
;3 Rainwater for toilet flus!ing is feasi$le for new $uildings w!ere t!e roof
area7storage "laces7storage ca"acity and t!e rainfall "lum$ing system are designed
for3
<3 Rainwater is "um"ed from t!e rainwater tan on t!e ground Eunderground to an
ele#ated tan3
>3 Rainwater is t!en su""lied to toilet facility at eac! floor $y an ele#ated rainwater
tan $y gra#ity3
=3 A float #al#e or an electrode rod is installed to start or sto" t!e "um" w!en t!e le#el
in t!e rainwater tan at t!e ground or in t!e ele#ated rainwater tan falls $elow a
certain "oint or w!en t!e le#el in t!e ele#ated tan is full3/5ig3;?0
B3 Install a "ressure:reducing #al#e on t!e rainwater su""ly "i"e if t!e water "ressure
is too strong3
?3 5ig3;B s!ows a ty"ical water su""ly from an ele#ated rainwater tan3
<.C M3&$,'32 O9 E2$.3&$1 R3')*3&$, T3)>
T!e material and structure are $asically t!e same as t!ose for treated water3
<.1# U5')7 T,$3&$1 W3&$, I) T'6$5 O9 S+(,&37$
It is necessary to use treated water from t!e treated water su""ly in times of s!ortage of
rainwater or w!en t!ere is no rain3
<.11 G,'& C+368$, & 5$1'6$)&3&'() T3)> ?O0&'()32@
;3 5or large rainwater tan7a grit c!am$er and a sedimental tan are often incor"orated
into a rainwater storage system to remo#e soil and sand from rainwater3
<3 T!ey are designed to use only t!e clear layer at t!e to" of t!e water $y settling soil
and sand in t!e grit c!am$er and sus"ended "articles in t!e sedimentation tan $y
gra#ity3
>3 A grit c!am$er is installed $efore a sedimentation tan7is generally designed to
retain rainwater for >A to ?A seconds3/5ig3;C0
=3 T!e storage time for sus"ended "articles to settle slowly is generally < to > !ours
de"ending on t!e ind of sus"ended "articles3
B3 5or a rainwater tan ca"acity less t!en ;A m
>
only a sedimentation tan is reDuired3
5ig3;@ s!ows a ty"ical ground le#el sedimentation tan3
<.12 T$%+)'%32 P(')&5 &( B$ C()5'1$,$1 F(, L3,7$ R3')*3&$, S&(,37$ T3)>
;3 %re#ention of tras! from flowing into tans7 use screen3
<3 %re#ention of sediment diffusion7 use grit c!am$er and sedimentation tan3
>3 %re#ention of "um"ing u" sediment7 use $arrier wall3
=3 Remo#al of sediment7 use a drain "i"e wit! #al#e at t!e $ottom of tan7 slo"ing t!e
$ottom of t!e tan7 catc! "it and access3
B3 %re#ention of rainwater I !ea#y rain from gus!ing in and stirring sediment7 !a#e a
$um"er made of an artificial turf:lie material &ust $elow t!e rainwater inlet3
5ig3;F s!ows a ty"ical sedimentation tan incor"orated in a rainwater tan3
6.# MAINTENANCE OF THE RAINWATER UTILIZATION FACILITIES
+aintenance of t!e rainwater utilization eDui"ment is #ery im"ortant for t!e collection7
storage and use of clean water3
T!e following areas s!ould $e carried out during t!e "eriodic cleaning of t!e system3
6.1 C3&%+6$)& 3,$3
Tras! and animal e6creta in catc!ment area including roof must $e cleaned off
regularly to "re#ent down"i"e clogging3
6.2 S$1'6$)&3&'() T3)>
In t!e off:rainy season7 sedimentation tans s!ould $e cleaned com"letely35or ground
le#el rainwater tans7 sediment is remo#ed from t!e drain "i"e at t!e $ottom of t!e
tan3 /5ig3;@0
6.3 F'2&$,BS%,$$)
Sand and tras! caug!t $y filtersEscreen s!ould $e remo#ed and cleaned regularly3
6.4 R3')*3&$, S&(,37$ T3)>
Inside c!ec s!ould $e conducted w!en sediment is remo#ed3T!e inside s!ould $e
cleaned3T!roug! maintenance of t!e catc!ment areas7 sedimentation tanEfilterEscreen
can reduce t!e freDuency of inside cleaning3
6.< R3')*3&$, S-0024 ED-'06$)&
+ae sure t!at mec!anical de#ices suc! as "um"s are woring normally $y c!ecing at
least e#ery t!ree mont!s3Ot!er de#ices s!ould undergo a c!ec a$out e#ery si6 mont!
and maintained in t!e same way as treated water eDui"ment3
Ta$le > : s!ows a recommended "lan to maintain t!e Rainwater Utilization 5acilities3
.# CREATI!E DESIGN OF RAINWATER STORAGE FACILITY
.1 G$)$,32
;3 One of t!e difficult "ro$lems in "romoting rainwater collecting and utilization at
single E dou$le storey terrace !ouse is securing rainwater storage s"ace for a large
#olume of rainwater3
<3 In e6isting !ouses7$uying a ready:made rainwater tan and "lace it in t!e gardens or
on t!e side of !ouse entrance or t!e $ac often is o$&ectiona$le to t!e owners as it is
not aest!ecally "leasing3
.2 C,$3&'.$ D$5'7)
;3 Rainwater storage facility can $e designed /using arc!itectural tec!niDues0 as a
arc!itectural feature or landsca"e feature aest!etically to $lend wit! t!e surrounding
en#ironment3
<3 A""endi6 HA1 gi#es some e6am"les of creati#e designs of rainwater storage facility
in "lace of storage tan t!at is aest!etically "leasing3
>3 T!ese ideas are to encourage owners as well as arc!itects to s"awn new7 "ractical7
creati#e and inno#ati#e ideas in designing rainwater storage facility as a Hwor of
art13