This document provides methods for quickly multiplying numbers by 5, 25, and 125. It also describes a trick for multiplying two numbers that differ by a small even number using squares.
Specifically, it notes that to multiply by 5, multiply by 10 and divide by 2. To multiply by 25, multiply by 100 and divide by 4. And to multiply by 125, multiply by 1000 and divide by 8.
It then explains that if two numbers differ by 2, their product is the square of the number between them minus 1. If they differ by 4, the product is the square of the average minus 4. And if they differ by 6, the product is the square of the average minus 9.
This document provides methods for quickly multiplying numbers by 5, 25, and 125. It also describes a trick for multiplying two numbers that differ by a small even number using squares.
Specifically, it notes that to multiply by 5, multiply by 10 and divide by 2. To multiply by 25, multiply by 100 and divide by 4. And to multiply by 125, multiply by 1000 and divide by 8.
It then explains that if two numbers differ by 2, their product is the square of the number between them minus 1. If they differ by 4, the product is the square of the average minus 4. And if they differ by 6, the product is the square of the average minus 9.
This document provides methods for quickly multiplying numbers by 5, 25, and 125. It also describes a trick for multiplying two numbers that differ by a small even number using squares.
Specifically, it notes that to multiply by 5, multiply by 10 and divide by 2. To multiply by 25, multiply by 100 and divide by 4. And to multiply by 125, multiply by 1000 and divide by 8.
It then explains that if two numbers differ by 2, their product is the square of the number between them minus 1. If they differ by 4, the product is the square of the average minus 4. And if they differ by 6, the product is the square of the average minus 9.
Multiplying by 5 is just multiplying by 10 and then dividing by 2. Note: To multiply by 10 just
add a 0 to the end of the number. 12x5 = (12x10)/2 = 120/2 = 60. Another example: 64x5 = 640/2 = 320. And, 4286x5 = 42860/2 = 21430. To multiply by 25 you multiply by 100 (just add two 0's to the end of the number) then divide by 4, since 100 = 25x4. Note: to divide by 4 your can just divide by 2 twice, since 2x2 = 4. 64x25 = 6400/4 = 3200/2 = 1600. 58x25 = 5800/4 = 2900/2 = 1450. To multiply by 125, you multipy by 1000 then divide by 8 since 8x125 = 1000. Notice that 8 = 2x2x2. So, to divide by 1000 add three 0's to the number and divide by 2 three times. 32x125 = 32000/8 = 16000/4 = 8000/2 = 4000. 48x125 = 48000/8 = 24000/4 = 12000/2 = 6000. 4. Multiplying together two numbers that differ by a small even number This trick only works if you've memorized or can quickly calculate the squares of numbers. If you're able to memorize some squares and use the tricks described later for some kinds of numbers you'll be able to quickly multiply together many pairs of numbers that differ by 2, or 4, or 6. Let's say you want to calculate 12x14. When two numbers differ by two their product is always the square of the number in between them minus 1. 12x14 = (13x13)-1 = 168. 16x18 = (17x17)-1 = 288. 99x101 = (100x100)-1 = 10000-1 = 9999 If two numbers differ by 4 then their product is the square of the number in the middle (the average of the two numbers) minus 4. 11x15 = (13x13)-4 = 169-4 = 165. 13x17 = (15x15)-4 = 225-4 = 221. If the two numbers differ by 6 then their product is the square of their average minus 9. 12x18 = (15x15)-9 = 216. 17x23 = (20x20)-9 = 391