To be (Ser) -

English Spanish
Pronoun Verb Pronoun Verb
I am Yo soy
You (sing., inf.) are T eres
You (plural) are Ustedes son
You (plural, rare) are
Vosotros (masc.)
Vosotras (fem.)
sois
Hes!eyou(sing., formal) is "l#llaUsted es
$e are
%osotros (masc.)
%osotras (fem.)
somos
T!ey are
#llos (masc.)
#llas (fem.)
son

To eat (&omer) -
English Spanish
Pronoun Verb Pronoun Verb
I eat Yo como
You (sing., inf.) eat T comes
You (plural) eat Ustedes comen
You (plural, rare) eat
Vosotros (masc.)
Vosotras (fem.)
comeis
Hes!eyou(sing., formal) eat "l#llaUsted come
$e eat
%osotros (masc.)
%osotras (fem.)
comemos
T!ey eat
#llos (masc.)
#llas (fem.)
comen
To drink ('e(er) -
English Spanish
Pronoun Verb Pronoun Verb
I drin) Yo (e(o
You (sing., inf.) drin) T (e(es
You (plural) drin) Ustedes (e(en
You (plural, rare) drin)
Vosotros (masc.)
Vosotras (fem.)
(e(eis
Hes!eyou(sing., formal) drin) "l#llaUsted (e(e
$e drin)
%osotros (masc.)
%osotras (fem.)
(e(emos
T!ey drin)
#llos (masc.)
#llas (fem.)
(e(en
To write (#scri(er) -
English Spanish
Pronoun Verb Pronoun Verb
I *rite Yo escri(o
You (sing., inf.) *rite T escri(es
You (plural) *rite Ustedes escri(en
You (plural, rare) *rite
Vosotros (masc.)
Vosotras (fem.)
escri(is
Hes!eyou(sing., formal) *rite "l#llaUsted escri(e
$e *rite
%osotros (masc.)
%osotras (fem.)
escri(imos
T!ey *rite
#llos (masc.)
#llas (fem.)
escri(en
To read (+eer) -
English Spanish
Pronoun Verb Pronoun Verb
I read Yo leo
You (sing., inf.) read T lees
You (plural) read Ustedes leen
You (plural, rare) read
Vosotros (masc.)
Vosotras (fem.)
leeis
Hes!eyou(sing., formal) read "l#llaUsted lee
$e read
%osotros (masc.)
%osotras (fem.)
leemos
T!ey read
#llos (masc.)
#llas (fem.)
leen
To speak (Ha(lar) -
English Spanish
Pronoun Verb Pronoun Verb
I spea) Yo !a(lo
You (sing., inf.) spea) T !a(las
You (plural) spea) Ustedes !a(lan
You (plural, rare) spea)
Vosotros (masc.)
Vosotras (fem.)
!a(lais
Hes!eyou(sing., formal) spea) "l#llaUsted !a(la
$e spea)
%osotros (masc.)
%osotras (fem.)
!a(lamos
T!ey spea)
#llos (masc.)
#llas (fem.)
!a(lan
To cook (&ocinar) -
English Spanish
Pronoun Verb Pronoun Verb
I coo) Yo cocino
You (sing., inf.) coo) T cocinas
You (plural) coo) Ustedes cocinan
You (plural, rare) coo)
Vosotros (masc.)
Vosotras (fem.)
cocinais
Hes!eyou(sing., formal) coo) "l#llaUsted cocina
$e coo)
%osotros (masc.)
%osotras (fem.)
cocinamos
T!ey coo)
#llos (masc.)
#llas (fem.)
cocinan
To walk (&aminer) -
English Spanish
Pronoun Verb Pronoun Verb
I *al) Yo camino
You (sing., inf.) *al) T caminas
You (plural) *al) Ustedes caminon
You (plural, rare) *al)
Vosotros (masc.)
Vosotras (fem.)
caminois
Hes!eyou(sing., formal) *al) "l#llaUsted camine
$e *al)
%osotros (masc.)
%osotras (fem.)
somos
T!ey *al)
#llos (masc.)
#llas (fem.)
son
To swim (%ader) -
English Spanish
Pronoun Verb Pronoun Verb
I s*im Yo nado
You (sing., inf.) s*im T nadas
You (plural) s*im Ustedes nadan
You (plural, rare) s*im
Vosotros (masc.)
Vosotras (fem.)
sois
Hes!eyou(sing., formal) s*im "l#llaUsted es
$e s*im
%osotros (masc.)
%osotras (fem.)
somos
T!ey s*im
#llos (masc.)
#llas (fem.)
nadan
To make (Hacer) -
English Spanish
Pronoun Verb Pronoun Verb
I ma)e Yo !ago
You (sing., inf.) ma)e T !aces
You (plural) ma)e Ustedes !acen
You (plural, rare) ma)e
Vosotros (masc.)
Vosotras (fem.)
!aceis
Hes!eyou(sing., formal) ma)e "l#llaUsted !ace
$e ma)e
%osotros (masc.)
%osotras (fem.)
!acemos
T!ey ma)e
#llos (masc.)
#llas (fem.)
!acen
To touch (Tocar) -
English Spanish
Pronoun Verb Pronoun Verb
I touc! Yo toco
You (sing., inf.) touc! T tocas
You (plural) touc! Ustedes tocan
You (plural, rare) touc!
Vosotros (masc.)
Vosotras (fem.)
tocais
Hes!eyou(sing., formal) touc! "l#llaUsted toca
$e touc!
%osotros (masc.)
%osotras (fem.)
tocamos
T!ey touc!
#llos (masc.)
#llas (fem.)
tocan
To see (Venir) -
English Spanish
Pronoun Verb Pronoun Verb
I see Yo ,engo
You (sing., inf.) see T ,ienes
You (plural) see Ustedes ,ienen
You (plural, rare) see
Vosotros (masc.)
Vosotras (fem.)
,enis
Hes!eyou(sing., formal) sees "l#llaUsted ,iene
$e see
%osotros (masc.)
%osotras (fem.)
,enimos
T!ey see
#llos (masc.)
#llas (fem.)
,ienen
To have (Tener) -
English Spanish
Pronoun Verb Pronoun Verb
I !a,e Yo tengo
You (sing., inf.) !a,e T tienes
You (plural) !a,e Ustedes tienen
You (plural, rare) !a,e
Vosotros (masc.)
Vosotras (fem.)
tenis
Hes!eyou(sing., formal) !a,e "l#llaUsted tiene
$e !a,e
%osotros (masc.)
%osotras (fem.)
tenemos
T!ey !a,e
#llos (masc.)
#llas (fem.)
tienen
To sleep (-ormir) -
English Spanish
Pronoun Verb Pronoun Verb
I sleep Yo duermo
You (sing., inf.) sleep T duermes
You (plural) sleep Ustedes duermen
You (plural, rare) sleep
Vosotros (masc.)
Vosotras (fem.)
dormis
Hes!eyou(sing., formal) sleep "l#llaUsted duerme
$e sleep
%osotros (masc.)
%osotras (fem.)
dormimos
T!ey sleep
#llos (masc.)
#llas (fem.)
duermen
To want (.uerer) -
English Spanish
Pronoun Verb Pronoun Verb
I *ant Yo /uiero
You (sing., inf.) *ant T /uieres
You (plural) *ant Ustedes /uieren
You (plural, rare) *ant
Vosotros (masc.)
Vosotras (fem.)
/uereis
Hes!eyou(sing., formal) *ant "l#llaUsted /uiere
$e *ant
%osotros (masc.)
%osotras (fem.)
/ueremos
T!ey *ant
#llos (masc.)
#llas (fem.)
/uieren
Possessives -
Spanish English
mi my
tu your (familiar, singular)
su !is, !er, your (formal), t!eir
nuestro our
,uestro your (familiar, plural, used in Spain)
Singular Plural
mi mis
tu tus
su sus
Singular Masculine Plural Masculine Singular Feminine Plural Feminine
nuestro nuestros nuestra nuestras
,uestro ,uestros ,uestra ,uestras
Spanish English
m0o, m0os, m0a, m0as mine, my
tuyo, tuyos, tuya, tuyas yours, your (familiar, singular)
suyo, suyos, suya, suyas !is, !ers, yours (formal), your (formal), t!eirs,
t!eir
nuestro, nuestros, nuestra, nuestras ours, our
,uestro, ,uestros, ,uestra, ,uestras yours, your (familiar, plural, used in Spain)
Questions -
.u1 2 What
&3mo 2 How
.ui1n 2 Who is
.ui1nes 2 Who are
&u4l 2 Which one
&u4les 2 Which ones
&u4nto 2 How much
&u4ntos 2 How many
&u4ndo 2 When
Colours -
Color Masculine Singular Masculine Plural Feminine Singular Feminine Plural
*!ite (lanco (lancos (lanca (lancas
(lac) negro negros negra negras
red ro5o ro5os ro5a ro5as
(lue a6ul a6ules a6ul a6ules
green ,erde ,erdes ,erde ,erdes
yello* amarillo amarillos amarilla amarillas
orange naran5a naran5as
grey gris grises
S Versus Si
7lt!oug! 8s08 and 8si8 sound t!e same, 8s08 (*it! an accent mar)) means 8yes8 and 8si8 means 8if.8
Y, E, O,
T!e *ord for 8and8 in Spanis! is 8y,8 and t!e *ord for 8or8 is 8o.8 Ho*e,er, if t!e *ord after 8and8
starts *it! an 8i8 or 8!i8 (*!ic! sounds t!e same as 8i8 (ecause t!e 8!8 in Spanis! is al*ays silent),
t!en you need to use 8e8 instead of 8y.8 9or e:ample 8sons and daug!ters8 is 8!i5os e !i5as.8
Similarly, if t!e *ord after 8or8 starts *it! 8o8 or 8!o,8 t!en you !a,e to use 8u8 instead of 8o.8 9or
e:ample, 8dog or (ear8 is 8perro u oso.8
Por qu versus Porque
#,en nati,e spea)ers sometimes confuse por qu and porque, (ecause t!ey sound e:actly t!e same.
Ho*e,er, por qu means why and porque means because.
In Spanis! t!ere are ; possi(le com(inations<
=or/u1
=or/ue
=or /u1
=or /ue
Porqu< noun. 7l*ays preceeded (y article (el, un) or some )ind of determiner (su, otro, ...).
>eans 2 cause, reason. #.g. l nunca explica el porqu de sus decisiones - He ne,er e:plains t!e
reason of !is decisions.
Porque< cause con5unction. =receeds a su(ordinated sentence *!ic! gi,es an e:planation.
>eans - because. #.g. Lo entiendo porque lo explicas muy bien. - I understand it (ecause you
e:plain it ,ery *ell.
Por qu< only in interrogati,e sentences, (ot! direct or indirect. Por is preposition, qu is
interrogati,e pronoun. >eans - why. #.g. Por qu no vienes? (direct) - $!y don?t you come@ -
No entiendo por qu se comporta as (indirect) - I don?t understand *!y !e (e!a,es li)e t!at.
Por que< formed (y preposition por and relati,e pronoun que, it can (e su(stituted (y el cual!
la cual. =receeds a su(ordinated sentence. #.g. "e es#or$% por que consi&uiera aprobar el
examen - He made an effort to pass t!e e:am.