DET

2014
ThS. GVC. Nguyn H$a Duy Khang
B' mn )i+n t, Vin Thng
Khoa Cng Ngh+
M-NG THNG TIN DI )/NG
CT371
DET
2014
T1ng quan v3
thng tin di 5'ng
DET
2014
N'i dung
1/12/2014 ThS. GVC. Nguyn H$a Duy Khang 3
Lch s" pht tri$n 1
C(u trc h+ th,ng 2
Khi ni+m t. bo 3
Ph#/ng th0c ph2 sng 4
Ch4 th c#5ng 78 tr#5ng 5
98 nh:y thu - Receive Sensitivity 6
DET
2014
Gi6i thi+u
q H+ th,ng thng tin di 78ng t. bo s, (Digital Cellular
mobile communication systems) hay cn g;i l h+
th,ng thng tin di 78ng (mobile systems) l h+ th,ng
lin l:c v<i nhi=u 7i$m truy nh?p khc nhau (access
points, or base stations) trn m8t vng 7a l hay
cn goi l cc cell.
q Ngu5i s" d@ng c th$ di chuy$n trong vng ph2
sng c2a cc tr:m (base station)
1/12/2014 ThS. GVC. Nguyn H$a Duy Khang 4
DET
2014
1. L8ch s, pht tri:n
q Ra 75i: vo nhAng nCm 1920 (l cc ph#/ng ti+n
thng tin giAa cc 7/n v cEnh st MF )
q 1982 s" d@ng kF thu?t TDMA l Nhm 7Hc trch di
7ng GSM (Group Special Mobile) sau ny 7#Ic 7Ji
thnh H+ th,ng di 78ng ton cKu (Global System for
Mobile communications)
Vi+t Nam s" d@ng GSM tL 1993 (Mobile Phone)
q 1991 Qualcomm tri$n khai h+ th,ng di 78ng trn
cng ngh+ CDMA chuMn IS-95A (Interim Standard-
95A)
Vit Nam tri$m khai h+ th,ng di 78ng theo cng ngh+
CDMA v 7#a vo s" d@ng thng 7/2003 (Sfone)
1/12/2014 ThS. GVC. Nguyn H$a Duy Khang 5
DET
2014
Cc th; h+ di 5'ng
q First Generation (1G)
q Second Generation (2G)
q Evolved Second Generation (2.5 G)
q Third Generation (3G)
q Fourth Generation (4G)
1/12/2014 ThS. GVC. Nguyn H$a Duy Khang 6
DET
2014
First Generation (1G)
q H+ th,ng thng tin di 78ng t#/ng tN s" d@ng
ph#/ng th0c 7a truy nh?p phn chia theo tKn s,
FDMA v 7i=u ch. tKn s, FM.
q 9Hc 7i$m:
Ph#/ng th0c truy nh?p: FDMA
Dch v@ 7/n thuKn l tho:i
Ch(t l#Ing th(p
BEo m?t km
1/12/2014 ThS. GVC. Nguyn H$a Duy Khang 7
DET
2014
First Generation (1G)
q M8t s, h+ th,ng 7i$n hnh:
NMT: Nordic Mobile Telephone s" d@ng bCng tKn 450
MHz. Tri$n khai t:i cc n#<c BOc u vo nCm 1981
(Scandinavia)
TACS: Total Access Communication System tri$n khai t:i
Anh vo nCm 1985.
AMPS: Advanced Mobile Phone System tri$n khai t:i BOc
MF vo nCm 1978 t:i bCng tKn 800 MHz.
1/12/2014 ThS. GVC. Nguyn H$a Duy Khang 8
DET
2014
Second Generation (2G)
q H+ th,ng di 78ng s, t. bo:
Dung l#Ing tCng
Ch(t l#Ing tho:i t,t h/n
HP trI cc dch v@ s, li+u (data)
q Ph#/ng th0c truy nh?p:
TDMA, CDMA bCng hRp (Narrow Band)
q Chuy$n m:ch: chuy$n m:ch knh (Circuit
Switching).
1/12/2014 ThS. GVC. Nguyn H$a Duy Khang 9
DET
2014
Second Generation (2G)
q M8t s, h+ th,ng 7i$n hnh:
GSM: (Global System for Mobile Phone) - TDMA. Tri$n
khai t:i Chu u.
D-AMPS (IS-136 - Digital Advanced Mobile Phone
System) TDMA. Tri$n khai t:i MF
IS-95 (CDMA one) - CDMA. Tri$n khai t:i MF v Hn
Qu,c.
PDC (Personal Digital Cellular) TDMA, Tri$n khai t:i
Nh?t BEn.
1/12/2014 ThS. GVC. Nguyn H$a Duy Khang 10
DET
2014
Evolved Second Generation (2.5 G)
q Cc dch v@ s, li+u cEi ti.n :
T,c 78 bit data cao h/n.
HP trI k.t n,i Internet.
q Ph#/ng th0c chuy$n m:ch:
Chuy$n m:ch gi - Packet Switching
q V d@:
GPRS - General Packet Radio Services: Nng c(p tL
m:ng GSM nhSm hP trI chuy$n m:ch gi (172 kbps).
EDGE - Enhance Data rate for GSM Evolution
HP trI t,c 78 bit cao h/n GPRS trn n=n GSM (384 kbps)
1/12/2014 ThS. GVC. Nguyn H$a Duy Khang 11
DET
2014
Third Generation (3G)
q HP trI cc dch v@ s, li+u gi t,c 78 cao:
Di chuy$n trn cc ph#/ng ti+n (Vehicles):
144 kbps - Macro Cell
9i b8, di chuy$n ch?m (Pedestrians):
384 kbps Micro cell
VCn phng ( Indoor, stationary users)
2 Mbps - Pico cell
q Dch v@ 7a ph#/ng ti+n, k.t n,i qua Internet:
Video Streaming,
video conference,
web browsing,
email,
navigational maps . .
1/12/2014 ThS. GVC. Nguyn H$a Duy Khang 12
DET
2014
Third Generation (3G)
q Hai h#<ng tiu chuMn cho m:ng 3G:
W-CDMA: UTMS:
Pht tri$n tL h+ th,ng GSM, GPRS
CDMA 2000 1xEVDO:
Pht tri$n tL h+ th,ng CDMA IS-95
1/12/2014 ThS. GVC. Nguyn H$a Duy Khang 13
DET
2014
Fourth Generation (4G)
q Hi+n nay 7ang xy dNng chuMn.
q CEi ti.n v= dch v@ dA li+u:
T,c 78 bit: 20 100 Mb/s.
q Ph#/ng th0c 7i=u ch.:
OFDM, MC-CDMA
q Xu h#<ng k.t hIp:
M:ng li IP
M:ng truy nh?p di 78ng (3G)
Truy nh?p v tuy.n Wimax & Wi-Fi !
1/12/2014 ThS. GVC. Nguyn H$a Duy Khang 14
DET
2014
=1. L8ch s, pht tri:n
q Fourth Generation (4G)
Hi+n nay 7ang xy dNng chuMn.
CEi ti.n v= dch v@ dA li+u:
T,c 78 bit: 20 100 Mb/s.
Ph#/ng th0c 7i=u ch.:
OFDM, MC-CDMA
Xu h#<ng k.t hIp: m:ng li IP + m:ng truy nh?p di 78ng
(3G) v truy nh?p v tuy.n Wimax & Wi-Fi !
DET
2014
2. C>u trc h+ th@ng
1/12/2014 ThS. GVC. Nguyn H$a Duy Khang 16
DET
2014
2. C>u trc h+ th@ng
1/12/2014 ThS. GVC. Nguyn H$a Duy Khang 17
DET
2014
q NSS (Network Switching Subsystem)
HLR (Home Location Register)
VLR (Visited Location Register)
AuC (Authentication Center)
MSC (Mobile Switching Center)
GMSC (Gateway MSC)
EIR (Equipment Identity Register)
q BSS (Base Station Subsystem)
BSC (Base Station Controller)
BTS (Base Transceiver Station)
q MS (Mobile Station)
SIM (The Subscriber Identity Module)
ME (Mobile equipment/terminal)
q OSS (Operation and Support Subsystem)
1/12/2014 ThS. GVC. Nguyn H$a Duy Khang 18
DET
2014
3. Khi ni+m t; bo
q Cell t. bo hay : l 7/n v c/ sT c2a m:ng, t:i 7
tr:m di 78ng MS ti.n hnh trao 7Ji thng tin v<i
m:ng qua tr:m thu pht g,c BTS (BS).
1/12/2014 ThS. GVC. Nguyn H$a Duy Khang 19
Trm thu pht g#c
BTS Base
Transceiver
Station
T% bo - cell
DET
2014
3. Khi ni+m t; bo
MS
BTS
P
BTS
RFC(n)
RSSI
Radio Signal Strength
Indication
ch' th* c,-ng 01
tn hi3u
Vng ph4
sng
coverage
area
Hnh dng
l thuy%t
DET
2014
)7n v8 cng su>t
q Cng su(t P: W <=> dBW; mW <=> dBm
q P
(dBm)
= 10log(P
(mW)
)
1/12/2014 ThS. GVC. Nguyn H$a Duy Khang 21
P(mW) P(dBm)
10 10
1 0
10
-1
-10
10
-2
-20
P(dBm) = P(dB) + 30
20 W => ? dBm
33 dBm => ? W
DET
2014
Hnh dAng v kch th%6c cell
1/12/2014 ThS. GVC. Nguyn H$a Duy Khang 22
DET
2014
Cell l6n
q V* tr thi%t k% cc cell l6n:
Sng v tuy%n t b* che khu8t ( vng nng
thng, ven bi9n . . . )
M:t 01 thu bao th8p
Yu c;u cng su8t pht l6n.
q Bn knh ph4 song: ~ n km
n * 10 km (GSM: <= 35 Km)
1/12/2014 ThS. GVC. Nguyn H$a Duy Khang 23
DET
2014
Cell nhB
q V* tr thi%t k% cc cell l6n:
Sng v tuy%n b* che khu8t
M:t 01 thu bao cao
Yu c;u cng su8t pht nh<.
q Bn knh ph4 song:
n * 100 m (GSM: < 1 Km)
1/12/2014 ThS. GVC. Nguyn H$a Duy Khang 24
DET
2014
4. Ph%7ng th$c phC sng
q Pht sng v h#<ng - Omni - directional cell (360
0
)
Anten v h#<ng hay 360
0
b0c x: nCng l#Ing 7=u theo
m;i h#<ng.
1 Site = 1 cell 360
0
1/12/2014 ThS. GVC. Nguyn H$a Duy Khang 25
DET
2014
4. Ph%7ng th$c phC sng
q Pht sng 7nh h#<ng > sectorization (120
0
)
CEi thi+n ch(t l#Ing tn hi+u
TCng dung l#Ing thu bao
1 Site = 3 cell 120
0
1/12/2014 ThS. GVC. Nguyn H$a Duy Khang 26
DET
2014
Trn thEc t;
q Hnh d:ng cell l khng xc 7nh.
q Quy ho:ch vng ph2 sng (coverage area) cKn
quan tm:
cc y.u t, 7a hnh
m?t 78 thu bao,
9$ xc 7nh:
s, l#Ing tr:m g,c BTS,
kch th#<c cell
ph#/ng th0c ph2 sng thch hIp.
DET
2014
5. ChF th8 c%Hng 5' tr%Hng (RSSI)
1/12/2014 ThS. GVC. Nguyn H$a Duy Khang 28
RSSI = 0
RSSI_Max
B,6c d*ch
chuy9n
( Integer steps )
Phm vi
( Range )
Gi tr*
( Value )
DET
2014
RSSI theo tJ l+ (%)
q 802.11 NIC - Atheros:
Gi tr ch4 th = 50%
-> RSSI = 30
q Uu 7i$m c2a ch4 th %
Phn tch m:ng.
Th,ng k.
1/12/2014 ThS. GVC. Nguyn H$a Duy Khang 29
RSSI = 0
RSSI_Max = 60
DET
2014
Chuy:n 51i RSSI theo tJ l+ (%) sang dBm
q Hai b#<c nh x: RSSI(X%) sang dBm
1. Xc 7nh RSSI_Max c2a nh sEn xu(t Vendor.
=> RSSI(X%) = X(%) * RSSI_Max /100
2. Tra gi tr dBm t#/ng 0ng v<i gi tr RSSI vLa xc 7nh
trong bEng chuy$n 7Ji hoHc cng th0c chuy$n 7Ji do nh
sEn xu(t cung c(p.
q L#u : bEng chuy$n 7Ji khng phEi khi no cVng
bi.n 7Ji theo quy lu?t tuy.n tnh.
1/12/2014 ThS. GVC. Nguyn H$a Duy Khang 30
DET
2014
Chuy:n 51i RSSI theo tJ l+ (%) sang dBm
q V d@:
Atheros: RSSI_Max =60; -> dBm = RSSI 95;
Ph:m vi bi.n 7Ji c2a dBm : -35dBm 7.n -95 dBm
q C#5ng 78 tn hi+u thu nh?n t:i 802.11 NIC l x=30%
t#/ng 0ng v<i cng su(t thu l bao nhiu dBm ?
RSSI[30%] = 30 * 60 / 100 = 18
dBm = RSSI[30%] - 95 = 18 95 = -77 (dBm)
1/12/2014 ThS. GVC. Nguyn H$a Duy Khang 31
DET
2014
B=ng chuy9n 0>i
RSSI-dBm c4a
Cisco
Gi
tr*
dBm
Gi tr* RSSI.
RSSI_Max = 100
DET
2014
Chuy:n 51i RSSI theo tJ l+ (%) sang dBm
q V d@:
Cisco: RSSI_Max =100;
Ph:m vi bi.n 7Ji c2a dBm: -10 dBm 7.n -113dBm
q C#5ng 78 tn hi+u thu nh?n t:i 802.11 NIC l x=30%
t#/ng 0ng v<i cng su(t thu l bao nhiu dBm ?
RSSI[30%] = 30 * 100 / 100 = 30 -> tra bEng:
dBm = RSSI[30%] = - 82 (dBm)
1/12/2014 ThS. GVC. Nguyn H$a Duy Khang 33
DET
2014
)' nhAy thu - Receive Sensitivity
q Khi ni+m:
98 nh:y thu l m0c cng su(t t,i thi$u m t:i 7 my thu
vWn nh?n 7#Ic tn hi+u.
9/n v: dBm
q V d@:
Card m:ng WLAN theo chuMn 802.11 c 78 nh:y thu l 96
dBm. Bao nhiu mW?
-96 (dBm) ~ 0.0000000002511 (mW)
1/12/2014 ThS. GVC. Nguyn H$a Duy Khang 34
DET
2014