VECTOR FORMULAE

Scalar product a.b = ab cos = a

1
b
1
+ a
2
b
2
+ a
3
b
3
Vector product a b = ab sin n =

i j k
a
1
a
2
a
3
b
1
b
2
b
3

= (a
2
b
3
a
3
b
2
)i + (a
3
b
1
a
1
b
3
)j + (a
1
b
2
a
2
b
1
)k
Triple products
[a, b, c] = (a b).c = a.(b c) =

a
1
a
2
a
3
b
1
b
2
b
3
c
1
c
2
c
3

a (b c) = (a.c)b (a.b)c
Vector Calculus

x
,

y
,

z

grad , div A .A, curl A A

div grad .( )
2
(for scalars only)
div curl A = 0 curl grad 0

2
A = grad div A curl curl A
() = +
div (A) = div A+A.()
curl (A) = curl AA()
div (AB) = B. curl AA. curl B
curl (AB) = A div BB div A+ (B. )A(A. )B
grad (A.B) = A curl B+B curl A+ (A. )B+ (B. )A
Integral Theorems
Divergence theorem

surface
A.dS =

volume
div A dV
Stokes theorem

surface
( curl A).dS =

contour
A.dr
Greens theorems

volume
(
2

2
)dV =

surface

|dS|

volume

2
+ ()()

dV =

surface

n
|dS|
1
where
dS = n|dS|
Greens theorem in the plane

(Pdx + Qdy) =

Q
x

P
y

dx dy
2