SUMMARY LIST OF WORDS USED TO INTRODUCE ADVERB CLAUSES

(SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS)

TIME

after
before
when
while
as
as soon as
since
until
by the time (that)
once
as/so long as
whenever
every time (that)
the first time (that)
the last time (that)
the next time (that)

CAUSE AND EFFECT

because
now that
since

CONTRAST

even though
although
though
DIRECT CONTRAST

while
whereas


CONDITION

if
unless
only if
whether or not
even if
in case
in the event that
WORDS WITH EVER

wherever
whenever
however




SUMMARY LIST OF WORDS USED TO INTRODUCE ADJECTIVE CLAUSES (RELATIVE
PRONOUNS AND RELATIVE ADVERBS)

RELATIVE
PRONOUN
USE EXAMPLE
who Subject (people) A neurologist is a doctor who specializes in
the nervous system.
whom Object (people) This is the patient whom the doctor
treated.
whose Possessive
(people/things)
Mr. Collins is the man whose house I
rented
which Subject/Object
(things)
That is the topic which interests me. (which
as subject)

That is the topic on which I will write.
(which as object of a preposition)

that Subject/Object
(people/things)
Art that is in public places can be enjoyed
by everyone. (that as subject)

The painting that Ms. Wallace bought was
ver expensive. (that as object)



RELATIVE
ADVERB
USE EXAMPLE
where Adverb (place) That is the site where the bank plans to
build its new headquarters.
when Adverb (time) This is the hour when the children usually
go to bed.