Huong Dan Thuc Hanh Spss Ths Pham Le Hong Nhung

Hng dn thc hanh SPSS c bn GV: Th.
S Phm L Hng Nhung

SPSS 16.0
CCH THC TIN HNH LNH FREQUENCIES
(Tnh tn s)
1. Sau khi mo Iile du liu, vao menu Analyze Descriptive Statistics Frequencies
Man hinh s xut hin hp thoi sau:
2. Chon bin mun tinh tn s (bin Place V1) bng cach click chut vao tn bin ri
da sang khung Variable(s).
3. Click Ok. Trong hop mun v biu d thc hin thm bc 4 trc khi click Ok.
4. D v biu d click chut vao Charts.. Chon dng biu d o Chart type, chon gia
tri th hin trn biu d la s dm (Irequencies) hay phn trm (percentages). Click
Continue d tro li hp thoi Frequencies Ok d thc hin lnh.
1
V biu d
Hng dn thc hanh SPSS c bn GV: Th.S Phm L Hng Nhung
2
TNH TR TRUNG BNH (! CCH)
CCH "# $%NG LNH FREQUENC&
1. Vao menu Analyze Descriptive Statistics Frequencies. Da bin cn tinh tri
trung binh vao variables nh bc 1 va 2 o phn trc.
2. Click chon the Statistic, mo hp thoi, va click chon cac thng s cn thit:
3. Y nghia mt s thng s thng dung:
Mean: trung binh cng
Sum: tng cng (cng tt c cac gia ti trong tp du liu quan sat)
Std. Deviation: d lch chun
Minimum: gia tri nho nht
Maximum: gia tri ln nht
S.E. mean: sai s chun khi c long tri trung binh
CCH !# $%NG LNH $ESCRI'TI(ES
(Tnh )*+, t-.n/ 01nh)
3
1. Vao menu Analyze Descriptive Statistics Descriptives., xut hin hp thoi
2. Chon 1 hay nhiu bin (dinh long) mun tinh dim trung binh da vao khung
Variable(s).
3. Click vao Options. d xut hin hp thoi Descriptive Options. Chon cac di
long thng k mun tinh toan bng cach click vao vung cn thit.
4. Chon cach sp xp kt qu tinh toan theo thu t danh sach bin (Variable list), thu t
Alphabetic cua nhn bin, thu t tng dn (Ascending list), va thu t gim dn
(Descending list).
5. Click Continue d tro v hp thoi Descriptive Ok d thc hin lnh.
2 n/h34 564 t7n/ /*8 t-9 t-.n/ 01nh )* :;* th4n/ )< =h<>n/ (Int?-:4@ S54@?)
4
Gia tri khong cach (Maximum - Minimum) / n
(5 -1) / 5
0.8
G*8 t-9 t-.n/ 01nh 2 n/h34
1.00 - 1.80 Rt khng dng y/Rt khng hai long/Rt khng quan trong
1.81 - 2.60 Khng dng y/Khng hai long/ Khng quan trong
2.61 - 3.40 Khng y kin/trung binh
3.41 - 4.20 Dng y/ Hai long/ Quan trong
4.21 - 5.00 Rt dng y/ Rt hai long/ Rt quan trong
CCH THC TIN HNH 'HAN TCH BBNG CHCD
(CRDSSTEBULETIDN)
Phn tich bng cheo dung d kim dinh mi quan h giua cac bin dinh tinh vi nhau
bng cach dung kim dinh Chi binh phng (Chi-square). Cach thuc tin hanh vi SPSS
nh sau:
1. Vao menu Analyze Descriptive Statistics Crosstabs.,
2. Xut hin hp thoi sau:
5
3. Chon va da cac bin vao khung Row(s) (dong) va Column(s) (ct) va Layer 1 oI 1
(di vi trong hop trn 2 bin).
4. Click vao Statistics, xut hin hp thoi sau:
5. Chon cac kim dinh cn thit. Trong trong hop nay ta dung kim dinh Chi binh
phng (Chi-square).
- Cac kim dinh o Norminal dung d kim dinh mi lin h giua cac bin biu
danh.
- Cac kim dinh o Ordinal dung d kim dinh mi lin h giua cac bin thu t.
6. Click vao continue d tro li hp thoi Crosstabs Click vao Cells, hp thoi sau
xut hin:
6
7. O Counts chon Observed (th hin tn s quan sat). Trong trong hop mun th
hin tn s mong doi chon Expected.
8. Chon cach th hin phn trm theo dong hay theo ct o Percentages.
9. Click Continue d tro li hp thoi Crosstabs Ok d thc hin lnh.
CCH FGC HT QUB HIIJ FNH
Khi thc hin kim dinh, ta co 2 gi thuyt.
H
0
: khng co mi quan h giua cac bin.
H
1
: co mi quan h giua cac bin.
D kt lun la chp nhn hay bac bo gi thuyt H
0
, ta s dung cac kim dinh phu hop.
Da vao gia tri P (p-value) (SPSS vit tt p-value la sig.) d kt lun la chp nhn hay bac
bo gi thuyt H
0
p-value (sig.) _ u (muc y nghia) bac bo gi thuyt H
0
. Co nghia la co mi quan h
co y nghia giua cac bin cn kim dinh.
p-value (sig.) ~ u (muc y nghia) chp nhn H
0
. Khng co mi quan h giua cac
bin cn kim dinh.
FKI (LI HIIJ FNH CHI M BNH 'HNONG
Hang du tin cua bng Chi-square tests th hin gia tri P
7
Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 16.217
a
.!"#
$i%elihood &a'io 1.7! .!17
$inear-(y-$inear Asso)ia'ion .2!2 1 .6*"
+ of Valid Cases *11
a. )ells (,,.,-) ha.e e/pe)'ed )oun' less 'han *. 0he minimum e/pe)'ed )oun' is 1.6#.
Cui bng Chi-Square tests SPSS s da ra dong thng bao cho bit s co tn
sut mong doi di 5. Kim dinh Chi-binh phng chi co y nghia khi s quan sat du ln,
nu co qua 20 s trong bng cheo co tn s ly thuyt nho hn 5 thi gia tri chi-binh
phng khng con dang tin cy.
Trong vi du trn co dn 44.4 s co tn s mong doi di 5, bin phap cho trong
hop nay la ta s gom cac biu hin trn cac bin li d tng s quan sat trong mi nhom.
CCH THC TIN HNH HIIJ FNH GIB THU&T (P TR TRUNG BNH
CQE ! TRNG THI FSC LT' (InU?V?nU?nt S4,V@?s TWt?st)
1. Vao menu Analyze Compare Means Independent-samples T-test
2. Chon bin dinh long cn kim dinh tri trung binh da vao khung Test Variable(s).
Chon bin dinh tinh chia s quan sat thanh 2 nhom mu d so sanh giua 2 nhom nay
vi nhau da vao khung Grouping Variable.
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p-value
3. Chon DeIine Groups. d nhp m s cua 2 nhom. Click Continue d tro li hp
thoi chinh Click Ok d thc hin lnh
Trong kim dinh Independent-samples T-test, ta cn da vao kt qu kim dinh s
bng nhau cua 2 phng sai tng th (kim dinh Levene). Phng sai din t muc d dng
du hoc khng dng du (d phn tan) cua du liu quan sat.
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Independent Samples Test
A.Cleanliness and )omfor' of
room
1qual
.arian)es
assumed
1qual .arian)es
no' assumed
$e.ene2s 0es' for 1quali'y of
Varian)es
3 .1"
Sig. .71!
'-'es' for 1quali'y of 4eans ' -".!66 -".!,!
df *!# ,,.1!!
Sig. (2-'ailed) .!!2 .!!"
4ean 5ifferen)e -.2"1 -.2"1
S'd. 1rror 5ifferen)e .!7* .!76
#*- Confiden)e 6n'er.al
of 'he 5ifferen)e
$o7er -."7# -."!
8pper -.!" -.!2
Nu gia tri Sig. trong kim dinh Levene (kim dinh F) 0.05 thi phng sai cua 2
tng th khac nhau, ta s dung kt qu kim dinh t o dong Equal variances not assumed.
Nu Sig. 0.05 thi phng sai cua 2 tng th khng khac nhau, ta s dung kt qu
kim dinh t o dong Equal variances assumed.
Trong VD trn Sig. cua kim dinh F 0.71 ~ 0.05 chp nhn gi thuyt H
0
khng co s
khac nhau v phng sai cua 2 tng th s dung kt qu o dong Equal variances
assumed.
Nu Sig. cua kim dinh t _ u (muc y nghia) co s phac bit co y nghia v trung
binh cua 2 tng th.
Nu Sig. ~ u (muc y nghia) khng co s khac bit co y nghia v trung binh cua 2
tng th.
Trong VD trn sig. 0.002 0.05 co s khac bit co y nghia v trung binh cua 2 tng
th.
CCH THC TIN HNH HIIJ FNH GIB THU&T (P TR TRUNG BNH
CQE ! TRNG THI 'HX THUSC HE& 'HKI HY' TZNG C['
('4*-?UWS4,V@?s TWt?st)
10
1. Vao menu Analyze Compare means Paired-samples T-test
2. Chon cp bin mun so sanh (nhn giu phim ctrl d chon 2 bin) da vao khung
Paired Variable(s). Co th chon nhiu cp d so sanh cung 1 lc.
3. Co th chinh li d tin cy bng cach click vao Option, nhp d tin cy vao khung
ConIidence Interval.
4. Click Ok d thc hin lnh.
5. Xem cach doc kt qu kim dinh o phn trn. Cng dung gia tri Sig.
11
CCH THC TIN HNH 'HAN TCH 'HNONG SEI
(END(E M En4@\s*s <] (4-*4n5?)
Phn tich phng sai ANOVA la phng phap so sanh tri trung binh cua 3 nhom tro
ln. Co 2 k thut phn tich phng sai: ANOVA 1 yu t (mt bin yu t d phn loi cac
quan sat thanh cac nhom khac nhau) va ANOVA nhiu yu t(2 hay nhiu bin d phn
loi). O phn thc hanh c bn chi d cp dn phn tich phng sai 1 yu t (One-way
ANOVA).
Mt s gi dinh di vi phn tich phng sai mt yu t:
- Cac nhom so sanh phi dc lp va doc chon mt cach ngu nhin.
- Cac nhom so sanh phi co phn phi chun hoc c mu phi du ln d doc xem
nh tim cn phn phi chun.
- Phng sai cua cac nhom so sanh phi dng nht.
1. T menu Analyze Compare Means One-ay ANOVA, xut hin hp thoi
sau:
2. Da bin dinh long (tri trung binh) vao khung Dependent list.
Da bin phn loi xac dinh cac nhom cn so sanh vi nhau vao khung Factor.
3. Click vao nt Option d mo hp thoi One-ay ANOVA Options.
Trong hp thoi One-way ANOVA Options:
- Click chon Descriptive d tinh di long thng k m t (tinh tri trung binh)
theo tng nhom so sanh.
- Click chon Homogeneity oI variance test d kim dinh s bng nhau cua cac
phng sai nhom (thc hin kim dinh Levene).
12
2 k thut dung d
kim dinh su
ANOVA
4. Click chon Continue d tro li hp thoi ban du click Ok d thc hin lnh.
5. Da vao kt qu kim dinh ANOVA, nu H
0
doc chp nhn thi kt lun khng co
s khac bit co y nghia giua cac nhom vi nhau. Nu H
0
bi bac bo co s khac bit
co y nghia giua cac nhom tro li hp thoi One way ANOVA d thc hin kim
dinh su ANOVA nhm xac dinh cu th trung binh cua nhom nao khac vi nhom
nao, nghia la tim xem s khac bit cua cac nhom xy ra o du.
6. Tuy nhin co th thc hin kim dinh ANOVA va su ANOVA cung lc vi nhau.
Da vao s chp nhn hay bac bo gi thuyt H
0
d quan tm hay khng quan tm dn
kt qu kim dinh su ANOVA.
'h^n t5h s^. END(E M _85 )9nh 5h` =h85 0*at
Co 2 phng phap d phn tich su ANOVA, do la kim dinh trc (kim dinh
Priori Contrasts) va kim dinh sau (kim dinh Post-Hoc test). Phng phap kim dinh gn
vi phng phap nghin cuu thc la Post-Hoc test. Nn trong phn nay ta s s dung Post-
Hoc test d thc hin kim dinh su ANOVA nhm tim ra ch khac bit.
Cac phng phap kim dinh thng k cua Post-Hoc test thong doc s dung:
- LS$: dy la phep kim dinh dung kim dinh t ln lot cho tng cp trung binh
nhom, do vy nhoc dim cua no la d tin cy khng cao vi lam gia tng muc d
phm sai lm tng ung vi vic so sanh nhiu nhom cung mt lc.
- B<n]?--<n*: ging quy tc cua LSD nhng diu chinh doc muc y nghia khi tin
hanh so sanh bi da trn s ln tin hanh so sanh. Dy la mt trong nhung thu
tuc kim dinh dn gin nht va hay c s dng cho muc tiu nay.
13
- T.=?\: cng doc s dung ph bin cho vic tim kim cac trung binh cac nhom
khac bit. No s dung bng phn phi Studentizze range distribution. Tukey hiu
qu hn Bonferroni khi s lng cc c !rung "#nh c$n so snh kh nhi%u.
- RWEWGWb: thc hin 2 bc kim dinh, du tin tin hanh kim dinh li toan b
cac gia tri trung binh nhom xem co bng nhau khng nu khng bng thi bc k
tip no s kim dinh d tim cac nhom nao khac bit tht s vi nhau v tri trung
binh. Nhng ki&' (nh n)y kh*ng h+ h khi k,ch c- cc nh.' '/u kh*ng
"0ng nhau.
- $.nn?tt: la thu tuc cho phep chon so sanh cac tri trung binh cua cac nhom mu
con li vi tri trung binh cua mt nhom mu cu th nao do doc chon ra so sanh
(nh.' i%u khi&n), SPSS mc dinh chon nhom cui (last) d lam nhom diu
khin.
S dung kim dinh nao la tu thuc vao muc dich cua nha nghin cuu va tinh hinh
thc t nghin cuu.
Fc5 =dt e.> Vh^n t5h Vhfgn/ s4*
1. ng du tin th hin cac di long thng k m t
Descriptives
9illingness 'o in'rodu)e
+ 4ean
S'd.
5e.ia'ion
S'd.
1rror
#*- Confiden)e
6n'er.al for 4ean
4inimum 4a/imum
$o7er
:ound
8pper
:ound
Single 1*" ,.12 .11 .!66 ".## ,.2* 1.!! *
4arried;$i.ing 7i'h par'ner ",1 ,.2 .6,* .!"* ,.22 ,."* 1.!! *
5i.or)ed 1* ,.1" .7," .1#2 ".72 ,.*, ".!! *
9ido7ed 2 ,.*! .7!7 .*!! -1.* 1!.* ,.!! *
0o'al *11 ,.2" .7!, .!"1 ,.17 ,.2# 1.!! *
2. ng thu 2 th hin kt qu kim dinh Levene. Trong VD nay Sig. 0.273 ~ muc y
nghia 0.1 chp nhn gi thuyt H
0
phng sai cac nhom khng khac nhau mt
cach co y nghia co th s dung kt qu phn tich ANOVA o bng tip theo.
Test of Homogeneity of Variances
$e.ene S'a'is'i) df1 df2 Sig.
1."!" " *!7 .27"
14
3. ng thu 3 th hin kt qu kim dinh ANOVA. Trong VD nay sig. 0.08 muc y
nghia 0.1 bac bo gi thuyt H
0
co s khac bit co y nghia v gia tri trung binh
cua muc d sn long gii thiu cua cac nhom tinh trng hn nhn.
ANVA
Sum of Squares df 4ean Square 3 Sig.
:e'7een <roups ".22 " 1.!76 2.16 .!#
9i'hin <roups 2,#.*2" *!7 .,#2
0o'al 2*2.7*1 *1!
4. ng thu 4 th hin kt qu kim dinh su ANOVA (dung kim dinh LSD).
!ultiple Comparisons
$S5
(6) 4ari'al s'a'us (=) 4ari'al s'a'us
4ean
5ifferen)e (6-=) S'd. 1rror Sig.
#*- Confiden)e 6n'er.al
$o7er :ound 8pper :ound
Single 4arried;$i.ing 7i'h par'ner -.167
>
.!6 .!1* -."! -.!"
5i.or)ed -.!16 .1#! .#", -."# ."6
9ido7ed -."2 .,## .,,, -1."6 .6!
4arried;$i.ing 7i'h
par'ner
Single .167
>
.!6 .!1* .!" ."!
5i.or)ed .1*1 .1* .,1* -.21 .*1
9ido7ed -.216 .,# .66* -1.1# .76
5i.or)ed Single .!16 .1#! .#", -."6 ."#
4arried;$i.ing 7i'h par'ner -.1*1 .1* .,1* -.*1 .21
9ido7ed -."67 .*2 ., -1.,! .67
9ido7ed Single ."2 .,## .,,, -.6! 1."6
4arried;$i.ing 7i'h par'ner .216 .,# .66* -.76 1.1#
5i.or)ed ."67 .*2 ., -.67 1.,!
>. 0he mean differen)e is signifi)an' a' 'he !.!* le.el.
Da vao kt qu kim dinh LSD nay, ta co th kt lun chi co hai nhom d kt hn va
dc thn la co s khac nhau v muc d sn long gii thiu. Trong VD nay nhom d kt hn
s sn long gii thiu hn nhom dc thn (xem bng thng k m t).
15
Jh HNH HiI QU& TU&N TNH BSI
1. T menu Analyze Regression Linear.
- Da bin phu thuc vao khung Dependent(s).
- Da bin dc lp vao khung Independent(s).
3. Chon phng phap da bin vao o Method.
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- Mc dinh SPSS s chon phng phap da bin vao la Ent?-. Dy la phng phap
ma SPSS s x ly tt c cac bin dc lp ma nha nghin cuu mun da vao m
hinh.
- Phng phap da vao dn (]<-j4-U s?@?5t*<n). in dc lp du tin doc xem
xet d da vao m hinh la bin co tng quan ln nht vi bin phu thuc. Tip
tuc SPSS s xet diu kin d da cac bin dc lp con li vao m hinh. Nu bin
du tin khng tho diu kin vao thi thu tuc nay s chm dut, khng co bin nao
doc da vao m hinh.
- Phng phap loi tr dn (045=j4-U ?@*,*n4t*<n). Du tin tt c cac bin dc
lp doc da vao m hinh, bin co h s tng quan nho nht s doc kim tra
du tin, nu khng tho diu kin s bi loi ra. Lc nay m hinh nay s doc tinh
toan li ma khng co bin dc lp va loi. Tip theo SPSS s lp li thu tuc trn
cho dn khi nao gia tri F cua bin co h s tng quan nho nht ln hn diu kin
thi qua trinh nay s dng li.
Tham kho diu kin d da vao va loi ra PIN, FIN, FOT, POT.
- Phng phap chon tng bc (st?Vj*s? s?@?5t*<n) la s kt hop cua phng phap
da vao dn vao loi tr dn va la phng phap doc s dung thng thong nht.
S dung phng phap da bin vao nao phu thuc vao tinh cht cua cuc
nghin cuu. Va phng phap doc s dung nhiu nht la phng phap chon
tng bc (stepwise selection).
4. Click vao Statistics., d mo hp thoi sau:
- Click chon Collinearity diagnostics d kim tra hin tong Da cng tuyn
(Multicollinearity). D chp nhn cua bin (Tolerances) va h s phong di
17
phng sai (Variance inIlation Iactor VIF) doc dung d phat hin hin tong
da cng tuyn. Quy tc la khi (IF :fkt e.8 "l @m Un. h*a. 564 )4 5on/ t.\dn.
5. Click Continue d tro li hp thoi Linear Regressions click Ok d thc hin lnh.
C85 0f;5 )8nh /*8 ,p h1nh
VD: s dung stepwsise d da cac bin dc lp vao m hinh.
M hinh: s hai long cua DK v dim dn u
1
(s hai long v dich vu lu tr)

2
(s hai long v dich vu n ung)

3
(s hai long v dich vu mua sm)

4
(s hai long v dich vu vn chuyn)
Gia tri Tolerances va VIF o bng s 3 (bng CoeIIicients) cho thy khng hin din
hin tong da cng tuyn cua cac bin. tip tuc danh gia m hinh.
"# F8nh /*8 )o Vhq hkV 564 ,p h1nh
H s xac dinh R
2
va R
2
hiu chinh (Adusted R square) doc dung d danh gia d phu
hop cua m hinh. Vi R
2
s tng khi da thm bin dc lp vao m hinh nn dung R
2
hiu
chinh s an toan hn khi danh gia d phu hop cua m hinh. R
2
hiu chinh cang ln th hin
d phu hop cua m hinh cang cao.
!odel Summary
4odel & & Square
Ad?us'ed &
Square
S'd. 1rror of 'he
1s'ima'e
1 .61
a
."2 ."1 .,61
2 .66,
(
.,,1 .,"# .,"#
" .677
)
.,*# .,** .,"2
, .6,
d
.,6 .,6" .,2#
18
R
2
hiu chinh cua m hinh s 4 la 0.463 46.3 s bin thin cua muc d hai long cua
DK v dim dn doc gii thich boi mi lin h tuyn tinh cua cac bin dc lp. Muc d
phu hop cua m hinh tng di cao. Tuy nhin s phu hop nay chi dng vi du liu mu.
D kim dinh xem co th suy din m hinh cho tng th thc hay khng ta phi kim dinh
d phu hop cua m hinh.
!# H*+, )9nh )o Vhq hkV 564 ,p h1nh
Gi thuyt H
0
:
1

2

3

4
0.
D kim dinh d phu hop cua m hinh hi quy tuyn tinh da bi ta dung gia tri F o bang
phn tich ANOVA sau:
Gia tri sig. cua tri F cua m hinh s 4 rt nho ( muc y nghia) bac bo gi thuyt
H
0
m hinh phu hop vi tp du liu va co th suy rng ra cho toan tng th.
r# 2 n/h34 585 ha s hs* e.\ -*tn/ Vhn t-<n/ ,p h1nh
19
ANVA
e
4odel Sum of Squares df 4ean Square 3 Sig.
1 &egression 66.#!, 1 66.#!, "1,.66 .!!!
a
&esidual 1!.216 *!# .21"
0o'al 17*.11# *1!
2 &egression 77.2, 2 ".62, 2!!.,7* .!!!
(
&esidual #7.72 *! .1#"
0o'al 17*.11# *1!
" &egression !.2#6 " 26.76* 1,".1!# .!!!
)
&esidual #,.2" *!7 .17
0o'al 17*.11# *1!
, &egression 1.#7 , 2!.,7, 111.1"1 .!!!
d
&esidual #".22" *!6 .1,
0o'al 17*.11# *1!
- Y nghia cua h s ring phn la k do long s thay di gia tri trung binh khi
Xk thay di 1 dn vi, giu cac bin dc lp con li khng di.
- H s eta (ct thu 4 t bn trai) doc dung d so sanh khi cac bin dc lp
khng cung dn vi do long.
- u ($ nm\ t4 5v th+ :*dt @w* ,p h1nh nhf s4.:
Hai long v dim dn 1.172 0.300(hai long v lu tr) 0.168(hai long v vn chuyn)
0.13(hai long v n ung) 0.103(hai long v mua sm).
G*>* th5h ,p h1nh: Phng trinh hi quy bi doc phng phap stepwise c
long cho thy s hai long cua du khach v 4 dich vu: lu tr, vn chuyn, n ung, va mua
20
Coefficients
a
4odel
8ns'andardi@ed
Coeffi)ien's
S'andardi@ed
Coeffi)ien's
' Sig.
Collineari'y S'a'is'i)s
: S'd. 1rror :e'a 0oleran)e V63
, (Cons'an') 1.172 .1"6 .*#* .!!!
A.erall sa'isfa)'ion
A))ommoda'ion
."!! .!,1 .""* 7.""1 .!!! .*!2 1.##!
A.erall sa'isfa)'ion
0ranspor'a'ion
.16 .!"2 .21 *.16 .!!! .*# 1.6#7
A.erall sa'isfa)'ion 3ood .1"# .!,1 .1*! ".,!, .!!1 .*" 1.*7
A.erall sa'isfa)'ion Shopping .1!" .!"* .121 2.#,7 .!!" .62, 1.6!"
a. 5ependen' Varia(leB A.erall sa'isfied
sm co tac dng t l thun vi s hai long chung cua du khach v dim dn. Trong do s
hai long v dich vu lu tr co tac dng mnh nht dn s hai long v dim dn.
JST SK BIN 'H' HHxC 'HXC HIN TNYNG FE CSNG TU&N TRDNG
Jh HNH HiI QU& TU&N TNH
(D nghi tham kho chi tit hn trong giao trinh H*nh td @fkn/ cua T*dn s3 J4* (yn N4,)
"# Sz U{n/ thpn/ t*n t*tn n/h*a,
Thng tin tin nghim co th t cac cng vic thc t trc dy trong do d xy ra hin
tong cng tuyn nhng it nghim trong hoc t cac ly thuyt tng ung trong linh vc
nghin cuu.
!# L<w* t-7 ,ot 0*dn /*>* th5h -4 =h|* ,p h1nh
c 1: Xem cp bin co quan h chc ch. Gi s X
3
va X
4
co tng quan chc ch vi
nhau.
c 2: Tinh R
2
di vi cac ham hi quy: co mt c 2 bin khng co mt 1 trong 2 bin.
c 3: Loi bin ma gia tri R
2
tinh doc khi khng co mt bin do ln hn.
VD: R
2
cua ham co mt 2 bin la 0.4 R
2
cua m hinh khng co bin _
r
la 0.2 R
2
cua m
hinh khng co bin _
}
la 0.87 loi bin _
r
ra khoi m hinh.
r# Th. th~V tht, s @*a. h<5 @n\ ,. ,;*
Vn d da cng tuyn la mt dc tinh cua mu, co th la trong mt mu khac, cac bin
cng tuyn co th khng nghim trong nh trong mu du tin. Vi vy, tng c mu co th
lam gim bt vn d cng tuyn.
HiI QU& BINER& LDGISTIC
Hi quy inary Logistic s dung bin phu thuc dng nhi phn d c long xac
sut mt s kin s xy ra vi nhung thng tin cua bin dc lp ma ta co doc. Khi bin phu
thuc o dng nhi phn ( hai biu hin 0 va 1) thi khng th phn tich vi dng hi quy thng
thong ma phi s dung hi quy inary Logistic.
21
I# C85h th5 t*dn hmnh Vh^n t5h hs* e.\ B*n4-\ L</*st*5 :;* S'SS
1. Vao menu Analyze Regression inary Logistic, xut hin hp thoi sau:
2. Da bin phu thuc dng nhi phn vao dependent, va bin dc lp sang khung
Covariate.
3. Chon phng phap da bin vao (Method) tng t nh hi quy tuyn tinh thng
thong. Tuy nhin diu kin cn cu trn s thng k likelihood-ratio (t l thich hop)
hay s thng k ald.
- Enter: da vao bt buc, cac bin trong khi bin dc lp doc da vao trong mt
bc.
- Forward: Conditional la phng phap da dn vao theo diu kin. No kim tra
vic loi bin cn cu trn xac sut cua s thng k Likelihood-ratio da trn
nhung c long thng s co diu kin.
- Forward: LR la phng phap da dn vao kim tra vic loi bin cn cu trn xac
sut cua s thng k Likelihood-ratio da trn c long kh nng xy ra ti da
(maximum-likelihood estimates).
- Forward: ald la phng phap da dn vao kim tra vic loi bin cn cu trn
xac sut cua s thng k ald.
- ackward: Conditional la phng phap loi tr dn theo diu kin. No kim tra
vic loi bin cn cu trn xac sut cua s thng k Likelihood-ratio da trn
nhung c long thng s co diu kin.
- ackward: LR la phng phap loi tr dn vao kim tra vic loi bin cn cu trn
xac sut cua s thng k Likelihood-ratio da trn c long kh nng xy ra ti
da.
22
- ackward: ald la phng phap da dn vao kim tra vic loi bin cn cu trn
xac sut cua s thng k ald.
- Stepwise: hi quy tng bc, s thng k doc s dung cho cac bin doc da
vao va loi ra cn cu trn s thng k Likelihood-ratio, hay s thng k ald.
4. D hin d thi phn loi gia tri tht va gia tri d bao cua bin phu thuc, chon
Option, chon ClassiIication plots trong phn Statistics and plots. Click Continue tro
v hp thoi du tin.
5. Mun tinh doc gia tri d doan, la xac sut ma mt di tong s . (bin phu thuc
), ta chon Predict value trong hp thoi Save. Chon Continue Ok d thc hin
lnh.
II# C85h th5 )c5 =dt e.> Vh^n t5h hs* e.\ B*n4-\ L</*st*5
Vi du: s dung phng phap da bin vao mc dinh la Enter. Phn tich muc d nh
hong cua s hai long v 4 dich vu dn muc d hai long chung v dim dn khi di du lich
cua du khach.
: muc d hai long chung v dim dn (0: khng hai long, 1: hai long)
23
X1 X4: muc d hai long v 4 dich vu (tng t nh phn hi quy tuyn tinh)
Thc hin cac bc trn d tin hanh phn tich. Kt qu xut hin vi rt nhiu bng.
Ta s ch y phn tich cac bng sau:
"#ng $% mni&us Tests of !odel Coefficients
Chi-square df Sig.
S'ep 1 S'ep 17.,*# , .!!!
:lo)% 17.,*# , .!!!
4odel 17.,*# , .!!!
O bng 1, ta doc kt qu kim dinh H
0
:
1

2
.
k
0. Kim dinh nay xem xet
kh nng gii thich bin phu thuc cua t hop bin dc lp.
Kt qu o bng 1 cho thy d phu hop tng quat co muc y nghia quan sat sig. 0,000
nn ta bac bo H
0
. Nghia la t hop lin h tuyn tinh cua toan b cac h s trong m hinh co
y nghia trong vic gii thich cho bin phu thuc.
"#ng '% !odel Summary
S'ep -2 $og li%elihood
Co/ C Snell &
Square
+agel%er%e &
Square
1 26.7#"
a
.*#* .76#
a. 1s'ima'ion 'ermina'ed a' i'era'ion num(er 6 (e)ause
parame'er es'ima'es )hanged (y less 'han .!!1.
ng 2 th hin kt qu d phu hop cua m hinh. Khac vi hi quy tuyn tinh thng
thong h s R
2
cang ln thi m hinh cang phu hop, hi quy inary Logistic s dung chi
tiu -2LL (-2 log likelihood) d danh gia d phu hop cua m hinh. -2LL cang nho cang th
hin d phu hop cao. Gia tri nho nht cua -2LL la 0 (tuc la khng co sai s) khi do m hinh
co d phu hop hoan ho.
Kt qu bng 2 cho thy gia tri cua -2LL 26,472 khng cao lm, nh vy no th
hin mt d phu hop kha tt cua m hinh tng th.
24
"#ng (% Classification Ta&le
a
A(ser.ed
Predi)'ed
Sa'isfied dummy
Per)en'age
Corre)' 5issa'isfied Sa'isfied
S'ep 1 Sa'isfied dummy 5issa'isfied *1 ,# *1.!
Sa'isfied 22 "# #,.6
A.erall Per)en'age 6.1
a. 0he )u' .alue is .*!!
Muc d chinh xac cng doc th hin o bng 3, bng nay cho thy trong 73 trong hop
khng hai long v dim dn (xem theo ct) m hinh d d doan dng 4 trong hop (xem theo
hang), vy t l dng la 51. Con vi 438 trong hop hai long v dim dn, m hinh d doan sai
22 trong hop, t l dng la 4,6. T do ta tinh doc t l d doan dng cua toan b m hinh la
86,1.
"#ng )% Varia&les in the *quation
: S.1. 9ald df Sig. 1/p(:)
S'ep 1
a
Sa'isfied 7i'h A))om 1.*67 .2** "7.12 1 .!!! ,.7#,
Sa'isfied 7i'h 3ood .,"* .2,# ".!*1 1 .!"1 1.*,6
Sa'isfied 7i'h Shopping .672 .222 #.16, 1 .!!2 1.#*#
Sa'isfied 7i'h 0ransp .#1 .22 16.27" 1 .!!! 2.*!*
Cons'an' -11.7"7 1.",7 7*.#1 1 .!!! .!!!
a. Varia(le(s) en'ered on s'ep 1B D".2.aE D".2.fE D".2.sE D".2.'.
ng 4 th hin kt qu cua kim dinh ald (kim dinh gi thuyt hi quy khac
khng). Nu h s hi quy
0
va
1
du bng 0 thi t l chnh lch giua cac xac sut s
bng 1, tuc xac sut d s kin xy ra hay khng xy ra nh nhau, lc do m hinh hi quy
khng co tac dung d doan.
Di vi hi quy tuyn tinh s dung kim dinh t d kim dinh gi thuyt H
0
:
k
0.
Con di vi hi quy inary Logistic, di long ald Chi Square doc s dung d kim
dinh y nghia thng k cua h s hi quy tng th.
Kt qu bng 4 cho thy muc d hai long v 4 dich vu co gia tri p (sig.) nho hn muc
y nghia 0,05 bac bo H
0
. Nh vy cac h s hi quy tim doc co y nghia va m hinh
doc s dung tt.
25
T cac h s hi quy nay ta vit doc phng trinh:
Din gii y nghia cua cac h s hi quy inary Logistic nh sau:
Muc d hai long v 4 dich vu du lam tng muc d hai long chung v dim
dn , trong do hai long v DV lu tr tac dng mnh nht. Cu th tac dng bin
cua muc d hai long v DV lu tr ln muc d hai long chung vi xac sut ban
du 0,5 thi tac dng nay bng 0,5(1-0,5)1,57 0,325.
(TN $XNG Jh HNH HiI QU& BINER& LDGISTIC CHD JXC FCH $ BD
M hinh hi quy inary Logistic co th doc ap dung d d bao kh nng tr no khi
di tong di vay hay d bao nhu cu s dung mt sn phm cu th nao do. Ta s dung cng
thuc sau:
26
CCH THC TIN HNH 'HAN TCH NHAN TK
1. T menu Analyze Data Reduction Factor
3. Chon tt c cac bin cn gom nhom vao Variables.
4. Click chon Descriptives., xut hin hp thoi sau:
- Chon cac tham s thng k m t.
27
- Chon tinh cac ma trn h s tng quan.
- Chon kim dinh artlett. Trong phn tich nhn t, cn kim dinh mi tng quan
cua cac bin vi nhau (H
0
: cac bin khng co tng quan vi nhau trong tng
th). Nu gi thuyt H
0
khng doc bac bo thi phn tich nhn t co kh nng
khng thich hop.
- Click continue d tro li hp thoi Factor analysis
5. Click chon Extraction d mo hp thoi sau:
- Chon phng phap rt trich nhn t, phng phap mc dinh la rt cac thanh phn
chinh Principal components.
- Phn tich ma trn tng quan hay hip phng sai o Analyze.
- Th hin phng an nhn t cha xoay va v biu d dc o Display.
- Xac dinh tiu chun rt trich nhn t hay s long nhn t cn rt trich.
Co 2 cach d xac dinh tiu chun nay o Extract:
Xac dinh t trc da vao y d cua nha nghin cuu va kt qu cua cac cuc
nghin cuu trc. Nha nghin cuu xac dinh s nhn t o Number oI Iactors.
Xac dinh da vao Eigenvalue (Determination based on eigenvalue. Chi co
nhung nhn t nao ln hn 1 mi doc giu li trong m hinh phn tich.
- Click Continue d tro li hp thoi Factor Analysis.
6. Click chon Rotation (Xoay nhn t) d mo hp thoi sau:
Xoay nhn t la thu tuc gip ma trn nhn t tro nn dn gin va d gii thich hn.
28
Co nhiu phng phap xoay khac nhau trong do doc s dung rng ri nht la
(4-*,4 V-<5?U.-? (xoay nguyn goc cac nhn t d ti thiu hoa s long bin co h s
ln ti cung mt nhn t, vi vy s tng cong kh nng gii thich cac nhn t).
Click Continue d tro li hp thoi chinh.
7. Click chon Factor Score d tinh dim cac nhn t
Nu nha nghin cuu mun xac dinh tp hop nhn t it hn d s dung trong cac
phng phap phn tich da bin tip theo (phn tich ANOVA, hi quy.), ta co th tinh toan
ra cac nhn s (tri s cua cac bin tng hop) cho tng trong hop quan sat mt. Nhn s cua
nhn t thu i bng:
F
i

i1
X
1

i2
X
2

i3
X
3
.
ik
X
k
May tinh s tinh cac nhn s nay va t dng save vao Iile du liu nhung bin mi
nay.
- Mc dinh cua chng trinh la phng phap tinh nhn s Regression (theo dn vi
do long d lch chun).
29
- Chon th hin bng trong s nhn t bng cach click vao Display Iactor .
- Click Continue d tro li hp thoi ban du click Ok d thc hin lnh.
FGC HT QUB CQE ( $X SEU
VD: xac dinh nhn t nh hong dn quyt dinh chon nha tro cua sinh vin khoa cng ngh
trong Di hoc Cn th.
30
"#ng $% Descriptive Statistics
4ean S'd. 5e.ia'ion Analysis +
gia )a
".#1 1.!6* ,"
.e sinh
,.!* .#*! ,"
an ninh
,."* .#, ,"
moi 'ruong song
,.!# .11 ,"
gan 'ruong
".6! 1.!72 ,"
gan %hu .ui )hoiE giai 'ri
".2 1.161 ,"
phong )o ga) lung
"."" .##" ,"
)o nha .e sinh 'rong phong
".67 1.!6" ,"
noi qui
".7# .#,! ,"
dienE nuo)
,.16 .71 ,"
"#ng '% Correlation !atri+
Correla'ion
gia )a .e sinh an ninh
moi
'ruong
song
gan
'ruong
gan %hu
.ui )hoiE
giai 'ri
phong )o
ga) lung
)o nha .e
sinh 'rong
phong noi qui
dienE
nuo)
gia )a 1.!!! .*22 .*2 ."1" .2" .2#1 .2!# .2 .12" .,!2
.e sinh .*22 1.!!! .!1 .*1 ."#2 .!#6 .""7 .2# .1# ."#"
an ninh .*2 .!1 1.!!! .6!7 ."!" .1#1 .12# .21 ."7 .*"*
moi 'ruong song ."1" .*1 .6!7 1.!!! ."72 .17, .!21 .2*7 ."!7 ."1*
gan 'ruong .2" ."#2 ."!" ."72 1.!!! .*6# ."2* .21# .!", .27*
gan %hu .ui
)hoiE giai 'ri
.2#1 .!#6 .1#1 .17, .*6# 1.!!! .27! ."6* .1,2 .,!1
phong )o ga)
lung
.2!# .""7 .12# .!21 ."2* .27! 1.!!! .2" .!,# .1"!
)o nha .e sinh
'rong phong
.2 .2# .21 .2*7 .21# ."6* .2" 1.!!! .,7 .,7!
noi qui .12" .1# ."7 ."!7 .!", .1,2 .!,# .,7 1.!!! .,7#
dienE nuo) .,!2 ."#" .*"* ."1* .27* .,!1 .1"! .,7! .,7# 1.!!!
ng 1 th hin di long thng k m t.
ng 2 th hin ma trn tng quan giua cac bin. Ta thy h s tng quan giua cac bin
trong ma trn nay tng di cao.
31
ng 3 th hin kt qu cua kim dinh arlett. Da vao kt qu nay ta co th bac bo H
0
(Cac
bin khng co tng quan vi nhau). 'h^n t5h nh^n t @m Vhfgn/ Vh8V Vhq hkV )+ Vh^n
t5h ,4 t-~n tfgn/ e.4n 0>n/ !#
"#ng (% ,! and "artlett-s Test
Faiser-4eyer-Al%in 4easure of Sampling Adequa)y. .71,
:ar'le''2s 0es' of Spheri)i'y Appro/. Chi-Square 167.#""
df ,*
Sig. .!!!
Da vao bng 5 va theo tiu chun eigenvalue ln hn 1 thi chi co 3 nhn t doc rt trich
ra. Gia tri Cumulative cho bit 3 nhn t du gii thich 66.78 bin thin cua du liu.
ng s 4 (bng Cummunalities) cho bit thng tin v phn bin thin doc gii thich boi
cac nhn t chung.
ng s 6 la bng th hin cac nhn t cha xoay. D d dang gii thich cac nhn t hn ta
s dung bng s 7 d doc kt qu.
32
"#ng .% Total Variance *+plained
Componen'
1 2 " , * 6 7 # 1!
6ni'ial
1igen.alues
0o'al ".## 1.,!6 1.2" .#2 .76! .*26 .,12 ."2, .2#! .11#
- of Varian)e "#.#2 1,.!* 12.2# .#16 7.*## *.2*# ,.116 ".2" 2.#!" 1.1#1
Cumula'i.e - "#.#2 *".#,# 66.77 7*.6#, ".2#" .**2 #2.66 #.*#111 #.!# 1.!!!12
1/'ra)'ion
Sums of
Squared
$oadings
0o'al ".## 1.,!6 1.2"
- of Varian)e "#.#2 1,.!* 12.2#
Cumula'i.e -
"#.#2 *".#,# 66.77
&o'a'ion Sums
of Squared
$oadings
0o'al 2.776 2.!!6 1.#6
- of Varian)e 27.7* 2!.!*6 1.#6*
Cumula'i.e - 27.7* ,7.1, 66.77
1/'ra)'ion 4e'hodB Prin)ipal Componen' Analysis.
"#ng /% Component !atri+
a
Componen'
1 2 "
gia )a .6,7 -.!"# -.221
.e sinh .71 -.2,* -.,1#
an ninh .1, -."7# -.2!*
moi 'ruong song .667 -."2, -.2!6
gan 'ruong .*7" .*27 -.26
gan %hu .ui )hoiE giai 'ri .*1, .661 .17#
phong )o ga) lung ."6# .*2# -.1,
)o nha .e sinh 'rong phong .6!1 .127 .*2*
noi qui .,# -.2 .6*1
dienE nuo) .71 -.!,! ."6#
a. " )omponen's e/'ra)'ed.
"#ng 0% 1otated Component !atri+
a
Componen'
1 2 "
gia )a (1) .6!, .1,# .26
.e sinh (2) .#6 .!6# .1#
an ninh (") .7* .2! .!*6
moi 'ruong song (,) .7," .1# .!,1
gan 'ruong (*) ."12 .!2! .762
gan %hu .ui )hoiE giai 'ri (6) -.!1* ."* .77
phong )o ga) lung (7) .11# -.!1, .66!
)o nha .e sinh 'rong phong () .12, .7,6 .2*
noi qui (#) .176 ." -.1,
dienE nuo) (1!) ."6, .6# .21*
Da vao bng s 7 ta thy bin 1,2,3,4 co tng quan mnh vi nhau va thuc nhn t thu 1.
Tng t nhn t 2 bao gm cac bin 8,,10. Cac bin 5,6,7 la cac bin gii thich cho nhn t 3.
Da vao nhung dim ging nhau (th hin tinh chung) cua bin nm trong nhn t va nhung
nghin cuu trc nha nghin cuu s dt tn cho nhung nhn t nay.
VD: nhom 1 la nhn t an toan nhom 2 la nhn t diu kin sinh hot nhom 3 la nhn t vi
tri thun loi.
33
"#ng 2% Component Transformation !atri+
Componen' 1 2 "
1
.7"6 .*16 .,"7
2
-.,61 -.!#! ."
"
-.,#* .*2 -.171
&o'a'ion 4e'hodB Varima/ 7i'h Faiser
+ormali@a'ion.
"#ng 3% Component Score Coefficient !atri+
Componen'
1 2 "
gia )a .21 -.!6! .!76
.e sinh ."6 -.161 -.!12
an ninh ."*, -.!!6 -.122
moi 'ruong song ."!# -.!"! -.1!"
gan 'ruong .!"6 -.1" .,"!
gan %hu .ui )hoiE giai 'ri -.1#1 .1," .,,
phong )o ga) lung -.!", -.1! ."#7
)o nha .e sinh 'rong phong -.1", .,1 .!76
noi qui -.!6* .*1* -.21"
dienE nuo) .!!" .",1 .!!,
&o'a'ion 4e'hodB Varima/ 7i'h Faiser +ormali@a'ion.
Componen' S)ores.
"#ng $4% Component Score Covariance !atri+
Componen' 1 2 "
1
1.!!! .!!! .!!!
2
.!!! 1.!!! .!!!
"
.!!! .!!! 1.!!!
&o'a'ion 4e'hodB Varima/ 7i'h Faiser
+ormali@a'ion.
Componen' S)ores.
Da vao bng 8, va 10 ta xac dinh nhn s nh sau:
F
1
0.218gia c 0.386v sinh 0.354an ninh 0.30mi trong sng
34
F
2
0.418co nha v sinh trong phong 0.515ni quy 0.341din nc
F
3
0.430gn trong 0.448gn khu vui chi 0.37co gac lng
_ L2 CAU HI NHIPU LE CHGN
"# J HD
Trong qua trinh nghin cuu, co nhung cu hoi cho phep ngoi tr loi chon nhiu hn
1 la chon. Vi du: cu hoi v tin s phu thut, bnh nhn co th cung mt lc co nhiu
phu thut trc dy. Dy doc goi la cu hoi nhiu la chon.
S thu t Tn phu thut Danh du va ghi ch (nu co)
1. Ct vim rut tha
2. M ly thai
3. Ct t cung
4. Phu thut u bung trung
5. Vim ti mt
6. Phu thut khac
Di vi cu hoi nhiu la chon, mi mt la chon s doc m hoa thanh 1 bin. Theo
vi du trn ta s m hoa thanh 6 bin.
Cach thuc khai bao Value: co 2 cach thuc
- Cach 1: dung dng cu hoi phn di Co Khng (Dng bin Dichotomy)
- Cach 2: dung chinh s thu t cua bin d m hoa. Nu bnh nhn nao co tin s
ct vim rut tha s nhp vao s 1, co tin s m ly thai s nhp vao s 2.
(Dng bin Category)
!# CCH THC _ L2
35
Di vi cu hoi nhiu la chon, khi cn phn tich tn s chng ta khng s dung
cng cu thng k m t tinh Frequency thng thong. Cng cu dung x ly cu hoi nhiu la
chon la J.@t*V@? R?sV<ns?.
!#"# F9nh Uwn/ 0*dn tn/ hkV
1. T menu Analyze Multiple Response DeIine Variable Sets. d mo hp
thoi sau:
2. Chon tt c cac bin thuc cu nhiu la chon da vao khung Variables in Set.
3. Khai bao cach m hoa o khung Variables Are Coded As:
- Nu dung cach m hoa 1: dung dng cu hoi phn di Co Khng, ta s khai bao
bin o dong Dichotomies. Va s dm gia tri Cv o Counted value. Di vi vi
du trn, do ta khai bao 1. Khng, 2. Co, nn o nay ta s nhp gia tri cn dm la
2
- Nu dung cach m hoa 2, ta s khai bao o dong Categories, va dm cac s thu t
cua bin. Trong vi du trn co 6 bin, ta s dm t gia tri 1 dn 6 ti Range: 1
through: 6.
4. Khai bao tn va nhn bin o khung Name va Label.
5. Click vao Add d xac nhn bin tng hop d doc to Click chon Close d
hoan tt qua trinh dinh dng bin tng hop.
!#!# 'h^n t5h tn s (F-?e.?n5\)
1. T menu Analyze Multiple Response Frequency, xut hin hp thoi sau:
36
2. Da bin tng hop va to o phn trn vao Tables Ior Click chon Ok d
hoan tt thao tac.
3. Kt qu hin ra o ca s Output nh sau:
5TS6HA7TH7ATTH 8requencies
&esponses
Per)en' of Cases + Per)en'
061+ S8 PGA8 0G8A0
0A+< GAP
a
'ien su )a' .iem ruo' 'hua " 6#.1- 76.!-
'ien su mo lay 'hai " *.*- 6.!-
'ien su mo )a' 'u )ung 2 ".6- ,.!-
'ien su phau 'hua' u (uong
'rung
" *.*- 6.!-
's mo do (enh %ha) # 16.,- 1.!-
0o'al ** 1!!.!- 11!.!-
a. 5i)ho'omy group 'a(ula'ed a' .alue 2.
- Percent oI Cases: phn trm trn tng s bnh nhn doc quan sat (50 bnh nhn)
- Percent oI Responses: phn trm trn tng s tr loi (vi mi bnh nhn co th co nhiu
tin s phu thut nn tng s tr loi 55 ~ c mu quan sat 50)
37
J HD LI BIN
Trong qua trinh phn tich du liu ngoi lam nghin cuu di khi s phi m hoa li
bin d s dung cho nhiu muc dich khac nhau, va trong hop dn c nht la:
Khi nha nghin cuu mun chuyn mt bin dinh long (thang do t l) sang mt bin
dinh tinh (thang do biu danh hay thu t).
Vi du: Khi thu thp thng tin v d tui cua bnh nhn, chng ta s dung thang do t
l (dung chinh xac s tui cua bnh nhn: 52, 67, hay 81 tui.). Dn khi x ly s liu, nha
nghin cuu li mun s dung nhom tui d phn tich va vit bao cao:
1. 30 tui
2. 30 3 tui
3. 40 4 tui
4. 50 5 tui
5. 60 tui
Quy trinh m hoa li bin nh sau:
1. Vao menu TransIorm Recode into DiIIerent Variables.
Nu chng ta chon Recode into Same Variables. thi bin c (s tui chinh xac) s
mt di va doc thay th bng mt bin mi vi cac biu hin mi (la nhom tui).
Thng thong ta s chon R?5<U? *nt< $*]]?-?nt (4-*40@?s d to ra bin mi ma
vn giu li bin c.
38
3. Da bin cn m hoa li t khung chua b bin sang khung Numeric Variable -~
Output Variable.
4. Ti khung Output Variable, khai bao tn va nhn cho bin mi Click chon Change
d thc hin thay bin.
5. Tip tuc thay di gia tri cua bin bng cach click chon Old and New Values., mo
hp thoi sau:
39
6. Ta ln lot khai bao gia tri c bn tay trai (Old Value) thanh gia tri mi bn tay phi
(New Value) C@*5= 5hcn EUU s4. ,`* @n =h4* 08<. Vi gia tri c co cac dng
sau dy:
- Value: tng gia tri c roi rc
- System-missing: gia tri khuyt h thng
- System or user missing: gia tri khuyt cua h thng hoc do ngoi s dung dinh
nghia
- Range: mt khong gia tri (t . dn . / range: . through: .)
- Range, LOEST through value: mt khong gia tri t gia tri nho nht dn mt
gia tri doc nhp vao
- Range, value through HIGHEST: mt khong gia tri t gia tri nhp vao dn gia tri
ln nht
7. Chon Continue tro v hp thoi trc, va chon OK d hoan tt knh.
8. Khai bao value cho bin va to ti Value cua ca s Variable View nh hinh sau:
. Tip tuc thc hin cac phep thng k m t hay kim dinh da trn bin mi va to
nhm phuc vu cho muc tiu nghin cuu.
40
CCH TNH TDN GI TR BIN JLI TZ BIN C SN
Co th s dung SPSS d cng, tr, nhn chia cac bin d co sn d tro thanh 1 bin
mi (thu tuc TransIormCompute). Tuy nhin bin mi doc tinh toan nay khng t dng
thay di nu ta thay di cac bin thanh phn nh cng cu tinh toan trong Excel. Vi vy, thu
tuc tinh toan nay thong doc tin hanh sau khi d chinh ly du liu.
Thu tuc tinh toan nay doc s dung kha nhiu trong phn tich s liu. Dc bit di
vi nhung d tai co s dung phn tich nhn t d gom nhom.
Sau khi tin hanh gom nhom cac yu t co cung tinh cht, ta s tinh toan gia tri cua
nhom bng thu tuc Compute nay.
Vi du: kt qu sau khi tin hanh phn tich nhn t nh sau
Vi N
1
, N
2
, N
3
la ky hiu m hoa cho 3 nhom doc gom t 12 bin danh gia cht
long dich vu.
Nu nhung bc tip theo cua d tai cn thc hin kim dinh t, ANOVA hay phn
tich hi quy lin quan dn cac tiu chi danh gia cht long dich vu nay, chng ta s khng
dung 12 bin d thc hin ma dung nhom ln (3 nhom).
41
KT Q SA KHI
COMPTE V
THNG K M T
KT Q PHN TCH
NHN T
D tinh doc gia tri cho cac nhom ln (bng tri trung binh cua cac bin trong nhom)
nhm phuc vu cho muc dich kim dinh t, ANOVA hay phn tich hi quy, chng ta s thao
tac trong SPSS theo trinh t nh sau
# J h<8 0*dn ,;* (nhv, @;n)
Di vi vi du trn, sau khi phn tich nhn t ta co doc 3 nhom, vy ta s tin hanh m
hoa 3 bin mi (di din cho 3 nhom) trong b s liu d co ti ca s Variable View.
# T*dn hmnh tnh t<8n 5h< nhv,
Vao menu TransIorm Compute Variables, xut hin hp thoi sau:
42
PHM CNG C CHO CC PHP TNH
MI TN DUA IN VO CNG THUC
Ti Target Variable, ta nhp vao tn bin mi s chua gia tri tinh toan (tn bin cua
nhom). Ch y cn nhp dng tn d khai bao o bc 1.
Ti Numberic Expression, ta nhp cng thuc tinh toan cho bin mi. Trong vi du
trn, nhom 1 gm 5 bin 5.1, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8 va 5.. Nh vy bin mi (N1) s bng trung binh
cua 5 bin.
Cach nhp cng thuc ti nay nh sau: ta chon bin t khung chua cac bin ri dung
du mi tn da bin vao cng thuc, va s dung cac phim cng cu cho phep tinh trong ca
s nay hoc trn ban phim may vi tinh.
Sau do chon nt OK d hoan tt lnh, mt hp thoi xut hin d xac dinh qua trinh
tinh toan bin, ta tip tuc chon OK. Dn dy thao tac tinh toan bin d hoan thanh.
Trong vi du nay, ta tinh tri trung binh. Thao tac tng t nu chng ta cn cac phep
tinh nhn, chia, hiu s, hay kt hop nhiu phep tinh.
Kt qu sau khi compute s th hin r ti ca s $4t4 (*?j. Lnh compute d gip
ta tinh toan doc nhom ln (3 nhom) cho tng quan sat (tng di tong nghin cuu mt)
Chng ta co th thc hin lnh thng k m t (tinh tri trung binh cua cac nhom trn
tng mu quan sat kt qu 2 ct cui cung o VD trang 1), kim dinh t, ANOVA hay phn
tich hi quy (di vi nha nghin cuu thuc trong phai dng y tri trung binh lam bin dc
lp X) trn 3 bin N1, N2, va N3 nay.
111111111111111111111111 2342 T3563 2768 111111111111111111111111
43
GI TRI CUA IN
N1, N2, V N3 CHO
QAN ST 1

Huong Dan Thuc Hanh Spss Ths Pham Le Hong Nhung

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Hng dn thc hanh SPSS c bn GV: Th.

S Phm L Hng Nhung

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