LOGIC CIRCUITS

COMBINATIONAL LOGIC CIRCUIT

SEQUENTONAL LOGIC CIRCUIT

DESIGN PROCEDURE

THE PROBLEM IS STATED

INPUT |& OUTPUT VARIABLES ARE DETERMINED

INPUT & OUTPUT VARIABLES ARE ASSIGNED

LETTER SYMBOLS

TRUTH TABLE IS DERIVED TO DEFINE THE

RELATIONSHIPS B/W INPUTS & OUTPUTS

THE SIMPLIFIED BOOLEAN FUNCTION FOR EACH

OUTPUT IS OBTAINED

THE LOGIC DIAGRAM IS DRAWN

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CONSTRAINTS FOR
A PRACITAL DESIGN

MINIMUM NUMBER OF GATES

MINIMUM NUMBER OF INPUTS TO A GATE

MINIMUM PROPAGATION TIME OF THE

SIGNAL THROUGH THE CIRCUIT

MINIMUM NUMBER OF INTERCONNECTIONS

LIMITATIONS OF THE DRIVING

CAPABILITIES OF EACH GATE
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COMBINATIONAL LOGIC
CIRCUIT
n INPUT
VARIABLES
m OUTPUT
VARIABLES
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF A COMBINATIONAL CIRCUIT
ADDERS
HALF ADDERS
0 1 1 1
1 0 0 1
1 0 1 0
0 0 0 0
S C y x
S = x y + x y
C = xy
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x
y
x
y
x
y
s
c
(a) S = x y + x y C = x y
x
y
x
y
x
y
s
c
(b) S = (x + y) (x + y) c = x y
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x
y
x
y
S
C
(c) S = (c + x y) C = x y
x
y
x
y
S
C
(d) S = (x + y) . (x + y) C = (x + y)
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x
y
OR
s
c
!
S = x y
C = x y
VARIOUS IMPLEMENTATIONS OF A HALF ADDER
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FULL ADDER
1 1 1 1 1
0 1 0 1 1
0 1 1 0 1
1 0 0 0 1
0 1 1 1 0
1 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
s c " y x

!! ! !
y"
x
!

"
x
"
S = x y " + x y " + x y " + xy"
y"

!! ! !
x
!

"
x
"
C = x y +x" + y"
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MAP FOR FULL ADDER
x
"
y
y
x
x
"
"
S
x
y
y
x
"
"
c
IMPLEMENTATION OF FULL # ADDER IN SUM OF PRODUCTS
y
x
y
"
S=xy"+xy"+xy"+xy"
C=xy+x"+y"
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x
y
"
$
c
IMPELEMENTATION OF A FULL # ADDER %ITH T%O
HALF # ADDER AND AN OR GATE
S = " (x y)
= "(x y) + " (x y)
= " (x y + x y) + " (xy + xy)
= " (x y +x y) + "(x y + x y)
= x y " + x y " + x y " + x y "
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c = "(x y + x y) + x y
= x y " + x y " + x y
= x y " + y (x "+ x)
= x y " + y & (x + x) (x + ")'
= x y " + y (x + ")
= x y " + x y + y "
= " ( x y + y) + x y
= "&( x + y) ( y + y)' + x y
= " (x + y) + x y
= x " + y " + x y

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H()* $+,-.(c-/.
B D
0 0
1 1
0 1
0 0
y
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1
D = x y + x y
B =x y
D = x # y
x
y
B
D
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F+)) $+,-.(c-/.
0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 1
1 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1
0 0
$ 1
1 1
% 0
0 1
0 0
0 0
1 1
y " B D
D = x & y # "
y
1 1
1 1
x
0
1
0 0
y "
01 11 10
x
"
D = xy"+xy" +
xy"+xy"
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1
1 1 1
x
'
1
0 0 01 11
10
x
"
B =xy+x"+y"
y "
y
MAPS FOR FULL0 SUBTRACTOR
D= xy"+xy"+xy"+xy"
B = xy+x"+y"
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F+)) $+,-.(c-/.
x
y
"
B
D
D="(xy)
D="(xy+xy)+"(xy+xy)
D=xy"+xy"+"(xy+xy)
D=xy"+xy"+xy"+xy"
B="(xy+xy)+xy
B="(xy+xy)+xy
=xy"+xy"+xy
B=xy+xy"+xy"
= x(y+y")+xy" = x(y+y)(y+")+xy" = x(y+")+xy"
= xy+x"+xy" = xy+"(x+xy) = xy+"(x+x)(x+y)
=xy+"(x+y) = xy+x"+y"
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C/d1 c/231.$4/2
In()*
BCD
O)*()*
Exc+ss#, c'-+

A B C D . x y "
0 0 0 0 0
$ 0 0 0 1
, 0 0 1 0
% 0 0 1 1
/ 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0 1
1 0 1 1 0
2 0 1 1 1
3 1 0 0 0
3 1 0 0 1
0 0 1 1
0 1 0 0
0 1 0 1
0 1 1 0
0 1 1 1
1 0 0 0
1 0 0 1
1 0 1 0
1 0 1 1
1 1 0 0
4=D
5=CD+CD=CD+(C+D)
x=BC+BD+BCD = B(C+D)+BCD
6=A+BC+BD = A+B(C+D)
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T.+-5 -(,)1 */. c/d10c/231.$4/2 1x(67)1
4=D
y=CD+CD=CD+(C+D)
=BC+BD+BCD=B(C+D)+BCD
=B(C+D)+B(C+D)
6=A+BC+BD=A+B(C+D)
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A
1
1

1


AB
00
01
11
10
00
CD
01 11 10
B
C
1
1
D
5 =CD+CD
D
1

AB
00
01
11
10
00 01 11 10
A
B
C
4=D
1
1
1
1
CD
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A
1
1

1


AB
00
01
11
10
00
CD
01 11 10
B
C
1
1
D
6=A+BC+BD
D
1

AB
00
01
11
10
00 01 11 10
A
B
C
=BC+BD+BCD
1
1
1
1
MAPS FOR BCD0TO0E8CESS09 CODE CONVERTOR
CD
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C
D
B
A
B
C
F
(() AND : OR I67)1612-(-4/2
7=A(B+CD)+BC
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C
D
B
A
C
B

;
<
=
> ? F
AND
AND
AND
OR
OR
(,) S+,$-4-+-42@ EA+43()12- NOR F+2c-4/2$
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I67)1612-(-4/2 /* F = A (B+CD ) + BC B4-5 NOR @(-1$
(B)/cC D4(@.(6 M1-5/d)

;
<
=
>
?
C
D
B
A
B
C
(c) NOR 467)1612-(-4/2
F
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F

;
<
=
>
?
C
D
B
A
B
C
T
T;
T<
T=
T>
A2()y$4$ P./c1d+.1
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T

= (C +D) = CD
T
;
= (B + C) = BC
T
<
= (B + T

) = (B + CD) = B (C + D)
T
=
= (A + T
<
) = &A + B (C + D' = A (B + CD)
T
>
= (T
=
+ T
;
) = &A (B + CD) + BC '
F = (T
>
) = &DA(B+CD)+BCE'
F = A(B + CD) + BC
M1-5/d # F A)@1,.(4c 6(247+)(-4/2
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M1-5/d # ; D1.43(-4/2 /* -51 -.+-5 -(,)1
1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1
1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1
1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1
1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1
0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1
0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0
1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0
0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
7
T
/
T
%
T
,
T
$
T
1
D C B A
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F
M1-5/d < F B)/cC D4(@.(6 T.(2$*/.6(-4/2
C
D
B
A
B
C
A
B
C
7 = (A+B+C)
7 = (A+B+C) + BC
(a) NOR L'89c -9a8:am
A
B
C
7 = A+B+C=(A+B+C)
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C
D
B
A
B
C
7
(,) S+,$-4-+-4/2 /* 4231.- AND $y6,/)$ 42 ()-1.2(-1 )131)$
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C
D
B
A
B
C
F
7 = A(B + CD) + BC
(c) AND # OR L/@4c d4(@.(6
C/231.$4/2 /* NOR )/@4c d4(@.(6 -/ AND 0 OR
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x
y
x
y
x
y
F
7 = x y = x y + x y
7 = x y = x y + x y
(() %4-5 AND # OR # NOT @(-1$ (80OR I67)1612-(-4/2)
8 y
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x
y
8 y
x+y
&x ( x + y )' = x + x y
& y (x+ y)' = y + x y
& ( x + x y)( y + x y)'
= x (x + y) + y (x + y) = xy+xy
(,) %4-5 NAND @(-1$ (80OR I67)1612-(-4/2)
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Exc)+$431 # OR 467)1612-(-4/2$
1 1 10
1 1 11
1 1 01
1 1 00
10 11 01 00
1 1 10
1 1 11
1 1 01
1 1 00
10 11 01 00
CD
C
C
B
B
AB AB
A
A
D
D
(a) 7=A B C D
7= (1;$;%;1;2;11;1,;1%)
(0s an- 1s a:+ '--)
(b) 7=A B C D
7= (0;,;/;0;3;10;1$;1/)
(0s an- 1s a:+ +<+n
M(7 */. ( */+.03(.4(,)1 (() 1xc)+$4310OR *+2c-4/2 (2d (,) 1A+43()12c1 *+2c-4/2
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1 1
1 1
00 01 11 10
BC
0
1
A
A
B
C
1 1
1
1
00 01 11 10
BC
0
1
A
A
B
C
(a)
7= A B C
A B C
F/. T(,)1 (,)
M(7 */. -5.1103(.4(,)1 *+2c-4/2$
U$1$ /* 8 OR AND
(43) A.4-561-4c /71.(-4/2$
(3) E../.0 d1-1c-4/2 G 1../.0c/..1c-4/2 c/d1$
7= A B C = A B C
(A B C ) =
(A B C) =
7= A B C = A B C
7= A B C
(1s a:+ '--)
(1s a:+ +<+n)
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Odd07(.4-y @121.(-4/2
T=:++#b9*
m+ssa8+s
5

4
Pa:9*y#b9*
>+n+:a*+-

(
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1 1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
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x
y
"
P
x
y
"
P
C
P= x y "
C= x y " (
(a) ,#b9* a-- (a:9*y 8+n+:a*':
(a) (b) %#b9* '-- (a:9*y c=+c?+:
L/@4c d4(@.(6$ */. 7(.4-y @121.(-4/2 (2d c51cC42@
N/-1 F P(.4-y c51cC1. c(2 ()$/ ,1 +$1d ($ 7(.4-y
@121.(-/. ,y K11742@ 427+- (- ! (2d 6(C42@
/+-7+- ($ 7
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ODD0PARITH CHECK
F/+.0 ,4-$ .1c1431d
P(.4-y01../.
c51cC
1 1 1 1 1
0 0 1 1 1
0 1 0 1 1
1 0 0 1 1
0 1 1 0 1
1 0 1 0 1
1 1 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 1
0 1 1 1 0
1 0 1 1 0
1 1 0 1 0
0 0 0 1 0
1 1 1 0 0
0 0 1 0 0
0 1 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0
x y " 7
c
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