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(Situation of Public Health in Thailand)
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E-Mail: chinekhob@gmail.com

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 (Health Indicators) @6,F
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– J>53-;<2@/
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กK2 5 6L19:=9;G:
5=
>9T
1
กK2 5 6L19:=9;G:
5=
>9T (.7 )
– Available 5 6L19:P6
5=
>9T <32@7 – Simplicity =
>9T <3<P3ก5 6L1=5701267
-H;1G 
– Completeness of coverage <36< <16 7
6 L/ =
>9T <3 – Reproducibility =
>9T
6,<P3<7=5J@67 012=5Q1;@6G ก


5FH6ก5 6L1 2>ก9=:
>9
H2P 5,F 67372=P;-กJ1
กK2.7;31 .7
,9: @G .7 <<1
– Quality 5 6L19:3 36669<=9 6769ก;19:015 6L1.6 – Specificity =
>9T 691
กK2;`2;2
P@
กaก/9:
;31012
,9:69Q1ก2 .7 =
>9T ;ก9:35 
– Universality =
>9T <3691
กK2 ก0
= 5 6L1@G 
 – Sensitivity =
>9T <369<363.7 ก;19:01 กaก/9:
36.7 8 9:6 9 L7
:3 ^F:J>5Jก-2=

 6
 ;ก9:35 
– Acceptability =
>9<3;I9: 6
J>5ก
4=
:3 01267;-:6 – Validity =
>9T .5 
6,3
=
-:9:.5 ก3
==5,Lก.5 

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>9T 0 7 ก;I>-=J@?7 8 =5 4 >-= <G kกN3l
1.1 
.-ก/012
. 
.-ก/ 4<
– =
>9T ;ก9:3ก
กN3


.-ก/ 4< (Incidence) @6,FP3QL5N39:;ก-=FH
– =
>9T ;ก9:3ก
ก. J>7322;319:กP@= 4=6กJ22;31 1 e
– =
>9T G: 8 9:;ก9:3ก

 6


. 
.-ก/ 4< (Incidence rate) @6,FP3QL5N3

– =
>9T J36 J@679:;ก-=FH.7 @732>ก9:;fR

;ก.J>73229:กP@=

. 
.-ก/ 4< = P3QL5N3J@679:;ก-=FHJ2@37e X 1000
P32>ก9:;
9:.7 ก;ก-=4<
@732>ก ;I 100, 1000, 10000 @G 100000 กM=5

2
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“กN3” “กN3”
1.2 <36>ก 4<012
.<36>ก 4< 1.3
.N321 ก0ก (Primary attack rate)

<36>ก 4< (Prevalence) @6,FP3QL5N3
H@6=9:69
@6,F
.5 12 @G
..7 
 2>ก9:69L6-3
;ก-=N3
L7
H;ก7012J@67J2>ก9:=;31@G >73;319ก: P@= ;I4<
4=6กJ22;31 1 e
.N321 ก0ก = P3QL5N321 ก0ก X 1000


.<36>ก 4< (Prevalence rate) @6,FP3QL5N3 P32>ก9:69L6-3


H@6=9:69 L7
H;ก7012J@67.7 @732>ก9:=;31@G @732>ก ;I 100, 1000  2>ก9:69L6-3

>73;319ก: P@= QL5N321 ก0ก ;IQL5N3;=93 (primary case) @G QL5N3@1

.<36>ก 4< = P3QL5N3
H@6=9:=;319:กP@= X 1000 ;ก-=FH5 6ก
QL5N30ก (co-primary) QL5N30ก ;IQL5N3
P32>ก
H@6=9:=;31
H  5 ,-:; @G QL5N3ก5 ,-: G: P3QL569L6-3
J 4<กM@
@732>ก ;I 100, 1000, 10000 @G 100000 กM=5 =5J 4<กM@67=5 =
>96
ก69<75 F6
ก;IP30
.

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.
3 7;>7 ,5J>6>69ก2 = 4<@
=;ก-=FH2@37;=G 
“กN3” ;6K,F6-, ;6G:
-H
=ก2 = 3769QL5N3
H@6= 100
1.3
.N321 ก
 (Secondary attack rate)

@6,F
.5 12 @G
..7 
 QL5

6Q

4<9:69L6-3
;ก-=N3
< JP39H;IQL5N3.
H0.7;-:60ก<G ;6K ,F qK<6 80
;I4<FH@1


6Q

QL5N3ก1760ก < .7 669QL5N3;-:6FH 9ก 20 < @1
กQL5N3>=0ก26 2-

.N321 ก
 = P3QL5N3J@67
H @6= o P3QL5N321 ก0ก X 1000 3

=@/ P32>กJ>6>
H9:
67;<;I@
=@G =5

P32>ก9:69L6-3
- P3QL5N321 ก0ก 3
<^9R ก
4<@
=;169 L7 20 <
@G = P3QL5N321 ก
 X 1000
P3QL5

6Q

4<9:69L6-3

@732>ก ;I 100, 1000  2>ก96: 9L6-3

.N321 ก
 = 100-80 x 100 = 16.7%
QL5N321 ก
>730
=,F<36
6, ;>GH 4<JกPJ@5;ก-=ก.-=;>GH 200-80
J7ก 4p
/ 012ก07ก2 4p
/696ก5 ;9J= ;>GH
4<9:69<36
6,Jก.-=;>GH
L269<7=
>99H
L ;>7 4<@
= 4<
9
ก 9J
;>GH 4<9:69<36
6,Jก.-=;>GH .:P269<7=
>99H.:P ;>7 4<
3
4< 4<;GH 

3
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=
32

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=
32

:3
“กN3” “กN3”
1.4
.N3P;2 (Specific attack rate) 1.5

=
73
;@.กN3 (Proportional morbidity rate)
@6,FP3QL5N3=53
;@.J=
;@.@F: Jก1762>ก9:กP@=;>7  @6,Fก;9 ;9 P3QL5N3=53
;@.J=
;@.@F: ก
P3QL5N3
;S .7 2>ก 1000 < Jก176
H.7 e =53
;@..78 
H@6= 01201;IL5 12

.N3P;2.6  = P3QL5N3=53
;@.@F:Jก176 9:กP@= X 1000

=
73
;@.กN3 = P3QL5N3=53
;@.@F: X 100
P32>กก1eJก176 
H P3QL5N3
H@6=

.N3P;24< = P3QL5N3=53
;@.P;2>-=@F: X 1000

=
73
;@.กN3>73;9 ;9
;@.กN3.78  >6>;=93ก
 ;G:
P32>กก1e =L37
;@.กN3>-=@ 696กก37ก
 01269-65 12 
;@.
QL5N3P;2 6924>/Jก;9 ;9 2@37>6>@G ;9 ;9 2@37 กN3
H@6=;7J= =
>99H67
6,P6;9 ;9
;@.กN3
ก176.78 J>6>;=93ก
 ;G: =L37ก176@69
.N36กก37ก
  0.712e@G 0.712>6>=5 
H9H;G: กP3QL5N3=53
;@.@9:
,F06526769ก;19:01 0.7,5QL5N3ก
;@. G:69P3;-:6FH@G
1=1 กMPJ@5

=
73
;@.กN3;19:01=5

4-3 =
>93
=
32

:3 4-3 =
>93
=
32

:3
“ก.” “กN3”
2.1
.. 7@ (Crude death rate) 2.2
..P;2 (Specific death rate)
@6,FP3<.=53
;@..78 
H@6=.7 P32>ก 1000 <.7 e
@6,FP3<.=53
;@.J=
;@.@F: @G P3<.;`2

.. 7@ = P3<.
H@6=J2@37e X 1000 ก176 ;>7  ;S .7 P32>ก 1000 <.7 e
P32>กก1eJe;=93ก


..P;2.6  = P3QL5.=53
;@.@F:Jก176 9:กP@= X 1000
P32>กก1eJก176 
H

.N3P;24< = P3QL5.=53
;@.P;2>-=@F: X 1000
P32>กก1e

4
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=
32

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“ก.” “ก.”
2.3

=
73
;@.ก. (Proportional mortality rate) 2.4
.N3. (Case fatality rate)
@6,Fก;9 ;9 P3QL5.=53
;@.J=
;@.@F: ก
P3QL5. @6,F5 12 QL5N3=534<@F:.
=53
;@..78 
H@6= 01201;IL5 12

.N3. = P3QL5N3.=534<@F:J>73;319:กP@= X 100


=
73
;@.ก. = P3QL5.=53
;@.@F: X 100 P3QL5N3=534<
H
H@6=J>7322;31;=93ก

P3<.
H@6= @73 = 5 12 @G ; /;^./

.N3.;I=
>99:J>50
=,F<360 4<=5 7<738 4<9:69
.
.
L;I4<9:69<360
L ;>7 4<-K

 5 4<62;M 4<9:69

.N3..:P;I4<9:69<360.:P ;>7 4<@3
= 4<Q-3@
 ;I.5

4-3 =
>93
=
32

:3 4-3 =
>93
=
32

:3
“ก.” “ก.”
2.5
.;=Mก;ก-=5>9 (Fetal death rate)
2.5
.;=Mก;ก-=5>9 (Fetal death rate)
@6,FP3;=Mก;ก-=5>9.7 ;=Mก;ก-=69>9 012;=Mก;ก-=5>9
<.7 e

.
73;=Mก;ก-=5>92;9: 1 (Fetal death rate 1) J>5P3;=Mก

.;=Mก;ก-=5>9 = P3;=Mก;ก-=5>9J2@37e X 1000 ;ก-=5>99:69 </=5 28

=@/FH J2;SJ>5
.
P3;=Mก;ก-=69>9012;=Mก;ก-=5>9Je;=93ก
 ;=Mก;ก-=5>90 9: 1
.9H 9;9ก37
..<1 =
@73 = P3.7 1000 ;=Mก;ก-=69>9.7 e (stillbirth rate)

.;=Mก;ก-=5>9 ;Iก3
=ก
L?;
9 ก.
H</J22
=5 =
>99H
>73 7>9Hก=L01
 @?-69</ก 7 <1 = <36L5Jกa-
.-.
Jก P
กK</
;@. ;=Mก;ก-=5>9 ;G: 6ก4< >-=

.
73;=Mก;ก-=5>92;9: 2 (Fetal death rate 2) J>5P3;=Mก
 6= ;>7 4<; @3 4<^-yz1-
4<-K0@7</ 4<0กกก ;ก-=5>99:69 </=5 20

=@/FH
.
H</012ก<1 =9:Q-=ก.-

5
4-3 =
>93
=
32

:3 4-3 =
>93
=
32

:3
“ก.” “ก.”
2.7
..ก7  (<1 =) 012@1
<1 = (Perinatal death rate)
2.6
.
73;=Mก;ก-=5>9 (Fetal death ratio) @6,F P3;=Mก;ก-=5>99:69 </28

=@/FH 012P3ก
@6,FP3;=Mก;ก-=5>9.7 ;=Mก;ก-=69>9
<.7 e .ก7  < 7 3
.7 P3;=Mก;ก-=9:69>9012;=Mก;ก-=5>9 1000

.
73;=Mก;ก-=5>9 = P3;=Mก;ก-=5>9J2@37e X 1000
<.7 e
P3;=Mก;ก-=69>9Je;=93ก

..ก7 012@1
<1 =
@73 = P3.7 1000 ;=Mก;ก-=69>9.7 e = P3;=Mก;ก-=5>9 9:69 </> 28

=@/ + P3ก.ก7  < 7 3
 x 1000

.;=Mก;ก-=5>9 >733
=ก
L?;
9 ก.
H</J22
=5 ;>7 ;=93ก
P3;=Mก;ก-=69>9 012;=Mก;ก-=5>99:69 </ > 28

=@/  e;=93ก

@73 = P3.7 1000 ;=Mก;ก-=69>9012;=Mก;ก-=5>9 .7 e

.;=Mก;ก-=5>9
.
73;=Mก;ก-=5>9.7 ;ก-=69>9
<J2;S69
034569:21=.:P1 012 ;S>69
.
73;=Mก;ก-=5>9
Lก37;S@?- =
>9 6
9H>73Jก>9H32
 @?-9:.
H</ -ก 6

ก7 <1 =0122<1 =.1 =ก=L01ก0ก;ก-=J22 7 3

0ก@1
<1 =

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>93
=
32

:3 4-3 =
>93
=
32

:3
“ก.” “ก.”
2.8
.. ก0ก;ก-= (Neonatal mortality rate) 2.9
.. ก@1
220ก;ก-= (postnatal mortality rate)
@6,F P3. ก0ก;ก-=9:69 .:Pก37 28 3
 .7 ;=Mก;ก-=69>9 @6,F P3. ก 6กก37 28 3
 0.75 ก37 1e .7

<.7 e ;=Mก;ก-=69>9
<.7 e

.. ก0ก;ก-= = P3. ก0ก;ก-= .:Pก37 28 3
 x 1000 3

.. ก@1
220ก;ก-=
P3;=Mก;ก-=69>9e;=93ก
 = P3. ก0ก;ก-= 6กก37 28 3
0.75 ก37 1e x 1000 3

@73 = P3.7 ;=Mก;ก-=69>9 1000 <.7 e P3;=Mก;ก-=69>9e;=93ก


 =   
กก 1000  


.. ก0ก;ก-=
L69
;@.6ก;=Mก<1 =67< กP@=
HP@
ก0ก;ก-=.:P 320ก^5 กก.
H</012ก<1 = ก
.. ก@1
220ก;ก-=21=5 1 ,5=569ก
32
4>ก >6> ก 6

-:03=15 6 012กR ก
012
<1 =Q-=ก.- <36-ก0.7กP;-= 0124<.-=;>GH .78 ;>7 4< = <3 <64<.-=;>GH .78
;@.ก. กJ229H9:
P<
?=50ก7

ก;
4< =2
กก0Q19:.
=

2=G 4< =
ก;
0124< 273

6
 4-3 =
>93
=
32

:3 4-3 =
>93
=
32

:3
“ก.” “ก.”
2.10
.. ก (Infant mortality rate) 2.11
.. 6= (Maternal mortality rate)
@6,F P3ก.:Pก37 1 e . .7 ;=Mก;ก-=69>9
<.7 e @6,F P36=.;G: ก.
H</ ก<1 =012ก L7y .7 ;=Mก

.. ก =
.. ก0ก;ก-= +
.. ก@1
220ก;ก-= ;ก-=69>9 
<Je;=93ก


.. ก = P3ก.J .:Pก37 1 e x 1000

.. 6= = P36=.;G: กก.
H </ ก<1 = 012ก L7y x 1000
P3;=Mก;ก-=69>9e;=93ก

P3;=Mก;ก-=69>9 e;=93ก

@73 = P3.7 ;=Mก;ก-=69>9 1000 <.7 e
@73 = P3.7 ;=Mก;ก-=69>9 1000 <.7 e

.. ก;I;<G: >9H3
=
32
 6
 >6>=5=9 69<36
P<
?
=5ก0/012

 >732;6- -ก 6
067012;=Mก37696ก
.. 6=;I;<G: >9H3
=
32
 6
 >6> >73
5 ;9J=
.9H69<36

6
/ก

.78 ;>7 ~2;SK~ก-012 2;6- -ก 6
067012;=Mก 4=;`2ก=L01ก7 <1 =


<6 ก
- 19:67;@62
6 324>ก ก -ก 6
J=5

7;
-6
012R ก
4<J3
ก
2@37<1 =012@1
<1 =

4-3 =
>93
=
32

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>93
=
32

:3
k=
>9T G: 8 9:;ก9:3ก

 6
l “=
>9T G: 8 9:;ก9:3ก

 6
”
3.1
.;ก-= 7@ @G
.;=Mก;ก-=69>9 (Crude birth rate) 3.2
.;-?
/
:3 (General fertility rate)
@6,F P3;=Mก;ก-=69>969>9.7 2>กก1e 1000 <.7 e @6,F P3;=Mก;ก-=69>9.7 @?-3
;-?
/ (ก.-
 15-49 e)
1000 <.7 e

.. 7@ = P3;=Mก;ก-=69>9J2@37e x 1000
P32>กก1eJe;=93ก

.;-?
/
:3 = P3;=Mก;ก-=69>9 J2@37e x 1000
@73 = P3.7 ;=Mก;ก-=69>9 1000 <.7 e P3@?-3
;-?
/  15-49 e

.;ก-= 7@ ;I=
>9=5ก30Q< <
3 32;-?
/ 012 @73 = P3.7 ;=Mก;ก-=69>9 1000 <.7 e
2=

 6
 >6> ,506769 .6ก.
H</ ก9 7 6
.;-?
/
:3 PJ@5;@M
.@?-3
;-?
/9:J@5กP;-= .Je
ก2 ก2;G .7
 6
 067012;=Mก9:;ก-=J@67 @F:8 ;I24>/Jก30Q 6
< <
3

7
4-3 =
>93
=
32

:3 4-3 =
>93
=
32

:3
“=
>9T G: 8 9:;ก9:3ก

 6
” “=
>9T G: 8 9:;ก9:3ก

 6
”
3.3
.;-?
/.6  (Age specific fertility rate) 3.4
.;-?
/36 (Total fertility rate)
@6,F P3;=Mก;ก-=69>9.6 6= 9:กP@=.7 P3@?-  @6,F Q136 
.;-?
/P ;2 .6 0.712 2@37 15 ,F
ก176;=93ก
 1000 <.7 e 49 e
49

.;-?
/36 = Σ P3;=Mก;ก-=69>9ก6=  i .1 =e x 1000

.;-?
/.6  = P3;=Mก;ก-=69>9.6ก1766=9:กP@= x 1000 i=15
P3@?-3
;-?
/  i ก1e;=93ก

P3@?- ;=93ก
9:ก1e
= Q136 
.;-?
/.6  0.712 .
H0.7 15 ,F 49 e
@73 = P3.7 ;=Mก;ก-=69>9 1000 <.7 e
@73 = P3.7 @?-3
;-?
/ 1000 <.7 e

.;-?
/.6  PJ@5 37
.@?-3
;-?
/ 6=
.;-?
/36;I=
>99:0
=,F32ก;-?
/ J2>ก
ก176 J=9:69
.
L
= 2=5=P;-กJ@5 -ก30Q< <
3 
:3
0ก7ก167 9:69
.
Lก7 

4-3 =
>93
=
32

:3 4-3 =
>93
=
32

:3
“=
>9T G: 8 9:;ก9:3ก

 6
” “=
>9T G: 8 9:;ก9:3ก

 6
”
3.5
.;-?
/=036 (Gross reproduction rate) 3.6 =
>9>9 (Vital index, birth-death ratio)
@6,F Q136 
.;-?
/P ;2 .6 0.712 2@37 15 ,F @6,F P3;=Mก;ก-=69>9.7 P3<.100 < 9;9ก37
49 e 9:<-=P3;=Mก9:;ก-=69>9;`2;S@?-
.
73;ก-=.
49

.;-?
/=036 = Σ P3;=Mก;ก-=69>9@?-ก6=  i .1 =e x 1000 =
>9>9 = P3;=Mก;ก-=69>9J2@37e x 1000
i=15
P3@?-3
;-?
/  i ก1e;=93ก
 P3<.
H @6=Je;=93ก

= Q136 
.;-?
/.6  0.712 .
H0.7 15 ,F 49 e 9:<-=;`2;=Mก;ก-=69>9@?- @73 = P3.7 @?-3
;-?
/ 100 <.7 e

@73 = P3.7 @?-3

;-?
/ 1000 <.7 e =
>9>9269<7
L;6G: P3;=Mก;ก-=69>9;-6:
LFH @G P3<.1=

.;-?
/=036;I=
>99:0
=,F32ก;-?
/   .:P1
>6>J <.

8
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