Bai Giang Ung Dung Sas Phan Tich So Lieu Thi Nghiem

PGS. TS.
L QUANG HNG
NG DNG SAS
PHN TCH S LIU TH NGHIM
2009
Li m u
SAS (Statistical Analysis Systems) p dng ngn ng lp trnh phn tch s li!"
#i$ng SAS%S&A& 'a( g)m tr$n *+ ph,-ng th.c phn tch s li! p dng ch( phn tch
ph,-ng sai/ h)i 0!i/ phn tch t1ng h2p/ 34 phn tch a 'i5n"
6 li! lp trnh tr$n 7(rd 89 l: thng ;$ c<a SAS ng=n g>n/ ;h(?ng @ h4ng 3Ai BC
tD/ ,2c thi5t ;5 tr,Ac 34 s li! ,2c ch!yn trEc ti5p tD File 7(rd/ e8cel/ l4 dGng l,! tr s
li! thng ;$ ph1 'i5n nhHt" Ig(4i ra cJ th s9 dng s li! l,! tr tD File te8t/ File c<a SAS
phn tch thng ;$" Kch s=p 85p '?ng s li! e8cel the( cLt hay h4ng/ mM hJa 'Nng s hay t$n
ging cy tr)ng/ t$n ph,-ng php/ 89 l: nhiO! chP ti$! rHt th!n tin tr(ng File mQ! 7(rd"
Sa! ;hi lp trnh Ry < s li! tG( File mQ! (sample)/ 89 l: 'Nng lnh #SI 3Ai thTi
gian rHt nhanh/ chP mLt 34i giy ch( tHt c? cc cch 89 l: U lRn nh,V phn tch ph,-ng sai/ 85p
nhJm cc nghim th.c c<a cc y5! t/ tnh ma trn t,-ng tc cc y5! t/ 3W ) thXY Z5t 0!?
phn tch ,2c gi?i thch rHt r[ r4ng 3O s( snh cc nghim th.c 34 85p nhJm (gr(!ping) the(
;: tE A/ \ ch( y5! t cJ hai nghim th.c 34 A/ \/ K/ 6/ ] ch( y5! t cJ nhiO! nghim th.c"
Kc gi trX 8c s!Ht ch( cc y5! t -n 34 t1 h2p O! th hin r[ tr(ng '?ng AI^_A"
`!yn sch n4y trnh '4y mLt s ph,-ng php 89 l: s li! th nghim thng dng tr(ng
ng4nh nng sinh h>c li$n 0!an 5n ;h(a h>c cy tr)ng/ can c. tr$n cc '4i tp mQ! 'a( g)m
cc ph,-ng th.c 89 l: AI^_A/ t,-ng 0!an/ h)i 0!i thEc hin ch( th nghim ph1 'i5n nhHt"
Kc '4i tp mQ! thng ;$ 3O cc lbnh 3Ec ;hc nh, y h>c/ hJa h>c/ 8M hLi/ c- h>c Y cJ th
tham ;h?( tr(ng ch,-ng trnh c<a phRn mOm SAS (phRn celp d Ssing this 7ind(7s d Sample
SAS er(grams and Applicati(ns)" Ig(4i ra SAS cJ th 89 l: s li! 3Ai nhiO! lnh/ '=t R! tD
thanh cng c 3Ai lnh S(l!ti(ns d Analysis d Analyst d ^pen 3Ai File ]8cel/ File SASd
Statistics d AI^_A"
#Ht m(ng ,2c sE gJp : 0!yn sch ,2c s9 dng th!n tin h-n"
Kc gJp : 8in g9i 3OV efS"&S g$ `!ang c,ng
Zh(a Ing h>c/ hGi h>c Ing gm &e cKi" gi$n h ]jmailV l0l0h!ngkyah(("c(m
&rn tr>ng/
&c gi?
SpdateV B@jlj+@/ m* tr"

Mc lc
Kh,-ng U
ecnoIf ecpe ecqI &rKc ecnoIf SAs (AI^_A)/ tue Icvi (f#^SesIf)
Ifcswi &cxK _y S^ SpIc &noIf &pK (sI&]#AK&s^I)
U"U" ic ti$! z
U"B" Ig!)n s li! the( d[i th nghim z
B
U"z" &G( File 7(rd mQ! (sample) C
U"C" t9 l: s li! 3Ai SAS *
U"{" fi?i thch ;5t 0!? m
U"*" &rnh '4y ;5t 0!? @
U"l" eh,-ng th.c tG( File mQ! ch( th nghim hai y5! t U+
U"m" | nghba cc tD 34 ch!yn 1i gi trX Ul
U"@" } c- s~ (pl(t sie) 34 lp lGi (replicati(ns) Um
Kh,-ng B
&cr Ifcswi \ &#r c^yI &^yI IfS IcsI
(K(mpletely #and(mied 6esign/ K#6)
B"U" &h nghim h(4n t(4n ngQ! nhi$n mLt y5! t Um
B"B" &h nghim h(4n t(4n ngQ! nhi$n hai y5! t BB
Kh,-ng z
&cr Ifcswi Zcs h h IfS IcsI
(#and(mied K(mplete \l(c; 6esign/ #K\6)
z"U" Zhi Ry < h(4n t(4n ngQ! nhi$n mLt y5! t BC
z"B" Zi! 3!ng la tinh B*
z"z" Zhi Ry < ngQ! nhi$n hai y5! t Bm
z"C" &h nghim l ph zC
z"{" &h nghim l s>c Cl
z"*" &h nghim 'a y5! t {U
z"l" Kc lnh (SAS K(de) 89 l: s li! tnh ph,-ng sai (AI^_A) thng dng {@
Kh,-ng C
&rIc fsp &# &#SIf \Ic/ &j&]S&/ Kcsj \Ic ecnoIf
&noIf `SAI _y cs `Ss
C"U" &nh gi trX tr!ng 'nh *C
C"B" &j test **
C"z" Khij'nh ph,-ng *l
C"C" ia trn t,-ng 0!an *m
C"{" c)i 0!i t!y5n tnh -n 'i5n lU
C"*" c)i 0!i t!y5n tnh a 'i5n lB
C"l" c)i 0!i a 'i5n 'c hai l{
C"m" &i ,! hJa 34 8c Xnh im ll
C"@" h) thX hnh l,Ai chi5! mt phng 'a chiO! m+
&4i li! tham ;h?( m*
Chng 1
PHNG PHP PHN TCH PHNG SAI (ANOVA), XP NH!M (G"O#PING)
NGHI$M TH%C V& SO SNH TNG TC (INT'"ACTION)
1(1( Mc )*+,V
z
ic ti$! c<a phn tch AI^_A (AIalysis ^F _Ariance) l4 8c Xnh cc nghim th.c cJ :
nghba ;hi gi trX tnh nh h-n m.c 8c s!Ht (pr('a'ility) p +/+{ hay p +/+U l4 m.c
th,Tng dng tr(ng nng nghip/ sinh h>c" Sa! J cc nghim th.c ,2c 85p nhJm (gr(!ping/
SAS/ B++C h(m(gene(!s gr(!pingV nhJm t,-ng )ng (I#KS/ B++l) 3Ai cc ;: tE A/ \ ch(
hai nghim th.c 34 A/ \/ K/ 6/ ] ch( nhiO! nghim th.c l4 s( snh sai ;hc 34 ch>n ,2c
nghim th.c ph h2p c<a th nghim" hi 3Ai th nghim nhiO! y5! t/ cRn cJ s( snh t,-ng
tc (interacti(n) c<a cc y5! t" Kc mQ! '4i tp ,2c tG( ra tD File e8cel 34 7(rd d s9
dng 34 l,! s li! ~ dGng "d(c/ "8ls/ "sas"

1(-( Ng,.n /0 l*1, )h23 45* )h6 ngh*17V
S li! ,2c th! thp/ 89 l: 34 l,! tD File e8cel ty the( ;i! ' tr th nghim" &h d s(
snh nang s!Ht (;g% B+ m
B
) nam ging c?i ng>t lRn l,2t l4 fBB/ U{/ tzU/ ZUC/ 6B{/ cJ th
ghi 'Nng s nghim th.c l4 U/ B / z/ C/ { h(c ghi t$n ging ,2c ' tr th nghim ;i! ;hi
Ry < h(4n t(4n ngQ! nhi$n (#and(mied K(mplete \l(c; 6esign) 'n ;hi (s/ ss/ sss/ s_)"
Iam nghim th.c th nghim ,2c ghi 'Nng t$n ging tr(ng File e8cel/ ;hi ghi tr,Ac/ nghim
th.c ghi sa!"
S- ) th nghim Chiu bin thin
Hng dc cao
I 1
9.00
3
7.00
2
10.28
5
14.94
4
11.86
II 2
14.59
1
8.00
5
14.63
4
11.99
3
6.00
III 3
8.23
4
11.77
2
15.15
1
7.00
5
13.81
IV 5
14.90
1
9.12
3
7.40
2
15.00
4
8.00
thp

Kch ghi s li! l,! tr(ng File e8cel
khoi nthuc nsuat
U fBB @"++
U U{ U+"Bm
U tzU l"++
U ZUC UU"m*
U 6B{ UC"@C
B fBB m"++
B U{ UC"{@
B tzU *"++
B ZUC UU"@@
B 6B{ UC"*z
z fBB l"++
z U{ U{"U{
z tzU m"Bz
z ZUC UU"ll
z 6B{ Uz"mU
C fBB @"UB
C U{ U{"++
C tzU l"C+
C ZUC m"++
C 6B{ UC"@+
h phn tch ;5t 0!?/ cRn thEc hinV
C
j &G( File mQ! 7(rd
j t9 l: 3Ai ch,-ng trnh thng ;$ SAS
j fhi lGi '?ng AI^_A/ n5! ;hc 'it c<a nghim th.c ~ m.c p +/+{ hay p +/+U th
ch>n 85p nhJm ch( ph h2p" fhi ;: tE 34( cc trX tr!ng 'nh c<a nghim th.c 85p
nhJm" I5! p d +/+{ cc nghim th.c ;hng ;hc nha! (ns/ n(nj signiFicant)"
j fhi gS6 (;hc 'it cJ nghba nh nhHt)/ 8c s!Ht p 34 K_"
1(8( T93 :*l2 ;3<4 7=, (/>7?l2)@ File mQ! l4 File thng dng 89 l: 'Nng ch,-ng
trnh SAS 3Ai cc lnh (c(mmand) AI^_A 34 85p nhJm" ile 7(rd mQ! ,2c s9 dng 34 89
l: ch( nhiO! File 34 nhiO! chP ti$! cJ th mLt lRn tr(ng SAS" KJ th s9 dng File e8cel tG(
File mQ!" ile 7(rd mQ! g)m 'a phRnV (U) nhp lnh ;hai 'i5n/ (B) nhp s li! tD e8cel (h(c
trEc ti5p/ tD cc File ;hc) 34 (z) nhp lnh 89 l: AI^_A 34 85p nhJm"
&h nghim ;i! ;hi Ry < ngQ! nhi$n -n y5! t/ the( d[i nang s!Ht c<a nam ging c?i
ng>t (;g% B+ m
B
)/ tr)ng tr$n 'n ;hi" &1ng s l4 C 8 { B+ "
Kc lnh 89 l: nh, sa!V
j 6A&AV t$n File/ ghi tD mLt 5n nhiO! ch nh, DATA; hay DATA CAI NGOT;
j sIeS&V ch>n ;: hi! ch( inp!t/ chP ghi mLt ;: tE hay mLt tD/ ti a l4 tm ;: tE" I5! nhiO!
tD cRn cJ gGch ni d4i/ h(c 8c Xnh L d4i lengthU+ (m,Ti ;: tE)" I5! dng '?ng h4ng
ngang cJ cc 'i5n ni ti5p/ ghiV
INPUT T Y@@;
Datalines; (thay cho cards;)
Kch UV Z (Zhi)/ & (nghim th.c)/ (nang s!Ht)/ cJ cch mLt ;h(?ng h(c dH! nh,
INPUT K T Y; hay INPUT K $ T $ Y;
Kch BV ghi thng mLt tD ch( mLt 'i5n sV INPUT KHOI NTHUC NSUAT;
j KA#6S lnh nhp s/ ;5t thc 'Nng dH!
j S li! e8cel 3Ai cc s ghi dH! the( h ngn ng Anh iV +"{ thay 3 +/{ (ti5ng _it th
ch,-ng trnh ;hng 89 l: ,2c)"
j e#^KV e#^K]6S#]/ cch 89 l:/ nh, AI^_A/ fgi/ #]f/ S##]f (h)i 0!i)/
PROC ANOVA;
ri$ng PROC GLM; ,2c s9 dng ;5t h2p tnh AI^_A 34 s( snh t,-ng tc cc y5! t"
j KgASSV 85p l(Gi cc 'i5n dng phn tch/ g)m cJ ;hi (Z) 34 nghim th.c (&)/
CLASS K T;
j i^6]gV m hnh phn tch nang s!Ht () ;hi (Z) 34 nghim th.c (&)
MODEL Y = K T;
j i]AISV lit ;$ cc gi trX tr!ng 'nh nghim th.c (&) MEANS T;
j gS6 AgecA +"+UV 85p nhJm cc gi trX tr!ng 'nh nghim th.c ~ m.c alpha +"+U" KJ
th ch>n 6SIKAI ;hi tr$n nam gi trX tr!ng 'nh nghim th.c" Alpha ch>n ~ m.c alpha
+"+{ hay alpha +"+U" I5! ghi gS6 mc Xnh 85p nhJm ~ m.c p +"+{" I5! m!n ch>n c?
hai/ ghi )ng thTiV i]AIS & % gS6 AgecA +"+{
i]AIS & % gS6 AgecA +"+U
SAS 89 l: c? hai/ ;hi J 8em tr!ng 'nh cc nghim th.c ~ '?ng 85p nhJm 34 ch>n m.c cJ
nghba p+/+{ hay p+/+U"
j &s&g]V tEa O ;hng cRn ghi/ n5! ghi cJ th ghi nhiO! ch/ cJ dH! ` ' n$! r[ chP ti$!
the( d[i nh, TITLE `NANG SUAT';
j #SI lnh 89 l: (#SI/ SS\is& ~ thanh cng c)"
RUN;
{
g,! :V sa! mi lnh/ ;5t thc 'Nng dH!
T<Anh )B nhC? /0 l*1, DEc /F 4ng GH )B Dn g*In JK g*I* )h6ch nh />,@
DATA; (DATA: tn d liu, ghi thm tn v kt thc bng du ;)
INPUT K $ T $ Y; (INPUT: nhp bin v c k t $ cch khoang v du;)
CARDS; (CARDS: lnh nhp s liu, kt thc bng du;)
(Copy v paste chi c phn s tu file excel trn)
U fBB @"++
U U{ U+"Bm
U tzU l"++
U ZUC UU"m*
U 6B{ UC"@C
B fBB m"++
B U{ UC"{@
B tzU *"++
B ZUC UU"@@
B 6B{ UC"*z
z fBB l"++
z U{ U{"U{
z tzU m"Bz
z ZUC UU"ll
z 6B{ Uz"mU
C fBB @"UB
C U{ U{"++
C tzU l"C+
C ZUC m"++
C 6B{ UC"@+
(du ; cho bit d ghi xong s liu)
PROC ANOVA; (Xu l ANOVA)
CLASS K T; (Xp loai cc bin dung xu l)
MODEL Y = K T; (M hnh bin ph thuc bang ANOVA)
MEANS T / LSD ALPHA=0.01; (Xp hang cc trung bnh theo alpha)
TITLE `NANG SUAT'; (at tn cua chi tiu theo di)
RUN; (Lnh xu l)
&Jm lGi cc lnh (c(mmand/ c(de) phn tch thng ;$ ch( cch U nh, sa!V
DATA;
INPUT K $ T $ Y;
CARDS;
..S liu tu bang excel

PROC ANOVA;
CLASS K T;
MODEL Y = K T;
MEANS T / LSD ALPHA=0.05;
TITLE `NANG SUAT';
RUN;
snp!t cch B nh, sa!V
DATA;
INPUT KHOI NTHUC NSUAT;
CARDS;
..

PROC ANOVA;
CLASS KHOI NTHUC;
MODEL NSUAT = KHOI NTHUC;
MEANS NTHUC / LSD ALPHA=0.05;
TITLE `NANG SUAT';
RUN;
*
L Ghi ch v xp hng cc nghim thc:
j &h nghim tD hai 5n nam nghim th.c ch>n s( snh ishers gS6 test/ ghiV
i]AIS I&cSK % gS6 ;5t 0!? 85p nhJm mc Xnh 3Ai AecA +"+{ geast SigniFicant
6iFFerence (sai 'it nh nhHt cJ nghba)" t5p nhJm ~ m.c ;hc 'it p +/+U n5! ghi AgecA
+"+U"
j &h nghim tD s! nghim th.c tr~ l$n ch>n 6!ncan test/ ghiV
i]AIS I&cSK % 6SIKAI ;5t 0!? 85p nhJm mc Xnh 3Ai AecA +"+{ (&rXnh Kng
&h4nh/ B++z)" &r=c nghim a (Gn 6!ncan (6!ncans i!ltiple #ange &est) 85p nhJm ~ m.c
;hc 'it p +/+U n5! ghi AgecA +"+U" 6!ncans i!ltiple #ange &est 85p nhJm t(4n th
nghim ;hi tr$n 'n nghim th.c"
1(M( XF lH /0 l*1, JN* SAS
j i~ ch,-ng trnh (e8V SAS 3"m/ 3"@)/ gia( din cJ cc phRn ch( 89 l: thng ;$ nh,
er(gram edit(r/ g(g/ ^!p!t ~ thanh 'ar pha d,Ai cng" Kh>n (clic;) phRn er(gram
edit(r"
cnh U"U" fia( din c<a SAS 3ersi(n m
j K(py File 7(rd mQ! 34 patse 34( phRn er(gram edit(r"
j KJ th m~ trEc ti5p dGng File l,! tD "sas h(c 7(rd "t8t"
l
cnh U"B" er(gram ]dit(r ch!yn s li! tD File 7(rd mQ!
ile 7(rd mQ! phn tch AI^_A/ ;hi Ry < ngQ! nhi$n/ nam nghim th.c/ 'n ;hi"
Z: hi!V Z (Zhi)/ & (nghim th.c)/ (nang s!Ht c?i ng>t ;g% B+ m
B
)" &rnh tE 89 l:V
j Kh!yn File mQ! (c(py 34 paste) tD 6A&A 5n #SI 34( er(gram ]dit(r"
DATA;
INPUT K $ T $ Y;
CARDS;
U fBB @"++
U U{ U+"Bm
U tzU l"++
U ZUC UU"m*
U 6B{ UC"@C
B fBB m"++
B U{ UC"{@
B tzU *"++
B ZUC UU"@@
B 6B{ UC"*z
z fBB l"++
z U{ U{"U{
z tzU m"Bz
z ZUC UU"ll
z 6B{ Uz"mU
C fBB @"UB
C U{ U{"++
C tzU l"C+
C ZUC m"++
C 6B{ UC"@+

PROC ANOVA;
CLASS K T;
m
MODEL Y = K T;
MEANS T / LSD ALPHA=0.01;
TITLE `NANG SUAT THUC THU';
RUN;
Lu : C th dng mu ny x l nhiu ch tiu, ch cn
thay mc al!ha"#$#% hay al!ha"#$#& 'au (hi ) x*m (+t ,u- .-ng
/012/, 3 t4a 5titl*6 (hi nh7! '8 ch9 c:c ch tiu (h:c$

j Klic; 34( hnh ~ thanh cng c (tas; 'ar) 89 l: s li!
(#!nS!'mit)"
j tem ;5t 0!? tr(ng ^!p!tV l,! 'Nng Select all K(py/ paste 34( 7(rd/ h(c sa3e
"sas"
j &hTi gian 89 l: cp! time +"+B sec(nds"
NANG SUAT THUC THU
The ANOVA Procedure
Class Level Information
Class Levels Values
K ! " #
T $ %"$ G"" K! &#! '!$
Num(er of o(servations ")
NANG SUAT THUC THU
The ANOVA Procedure
%e*endent Varia(le+ ,
Sum of
Source %- S.uares /ean S.uare - Value Pr 0 -
/odel 1 !1)234#$) "2)1)5"! 3233 )2)))5
6rror !" #"24115")) "213!#$)
Corrected Total !4 ")#23"1)$$)
78S.uare Coe9 Var 7oot /S6 , /ean
)23#3")3 !$2!5"!" !25$11$) !)24##$)
Source %- Anova SS /ean S.uare - Value Pr 0 -
K # )24)4"$$) )2#)#)3$) )2!! )24$"
T !5424)!3)) "23$)$) !$25 )2)))!
NANG SUAT THUC THU
The ANOVA Procedure
t Tests :LS%; for ,
NOT6+ This test controls the T<*e I com*arison=ise error rate> not the e?*eriment=ise error rate2
Al*ha )2)!
6rror %e@rees of -reedom !"
6rror /ean S.uare "213!#$
Critical Value of t #2)$$
Least Si@niAcant %i9erence #2$3)5
/eans =ith the same letter are not si@niAcantl< di9erent2
t Grou*in@ /ean N T
A !2$1) %"$
A
B A !#21$$ '!$
B
B C !)24)$ K!
@
C
% C 32"3) G""
%
% 12!$3 &#!
1( O( G*I* )h6ch GP) Q,I@ tem '?ng AI^_A
The ANOVA Procedure
Sum of
/odel 1 !1)234#$) "2)1)5"! 3233 )2)))5
6rror !" #"24115")) "213!#$)
Corrected Total !4 ")#23"1)$$)
)23#3")3 !$2!5"!" !25$11$) !)24##$)
K # )24)4"$$) )2#)#)3$) )2!! )24$"
T !5424)!3)) "23$)$) !$25 )2)))!

j Ighim th.c & cJ _al!e U{/C* 3Ai er d l4 +/+++U/ cc nghim th.c ;hc 'it rHt cJ
nghba ~ m.c p +/+U"
j tem 85p nhJm t gr(!ping (tj test) ~ m.c p +/+U 34 cc nghim th.c ,2c 85p 'n nhJm
the( ;: tE l4 A/ \/ K/ 6 cc tr!ng 'nh cng ;: tE ;hng ;hc 'it cJ nghba (ieans 7ith the
same letter are n(t signiFicantly diFFerent)"
j g,! :V 8em K(eFF _ar U{/U*BUB (h s 'i5n thi$n K_ tr(ng '?ng AI^_A) 34 geast
SigniFicant 6iFFerence z/{m+* (t &ests (gS6) F(r ISSA&)"
1(R( T<Anh SKT GP) Q,I@
\?ng U"U" Iang s!Ht thEc th! c<a nam ging c?i ng>t"
fing Iang s!Ht (;g% B+m
B
)
fBB m/Bm+ cd
U{ Uz/l{{ a'
tzU l/U{m d
ZUC U+/@+{ 'c
6B{ UC/{l+ a
gS6 z/{m+*
K_ U{/U*
e +/+U
Ghi ch: Cc trung bnh cng k t khng khc bit c ngha mc xc sut ! "#"$%
fi?i thchV 85p nhJm the( ;: tE cJ th chia nhJm ;hc 'it tr!ng 'nh cc nghim th.c the(
th. tE tD ca( 5n thHp 'n nhJm l4 A / \/ K 34 6" Iang s!Ht ca( nhHt l4 ging 6B{/ ti5p the(
l4 ging tU{/ thHp nhHt l4 ging tzU"
1(U( Phng )hVc )93 :*l2 7=, ch3 )h6 ngh*17 h>* TP, )0
&h nghim ;h?( st nang s!Ht ! (;g%) 3Ai hai l,2ng phn ln (eU ;hng 'Jn ln/ eB B{
;g%ha) 34 'a ;h(?ng cch h4ng (SU C{ cm/ SB @+ cm/ Sz Uz{ cm)" Z: hi! Z (;hi s/ ss/
sss)/ e (ln)/ S (;h(?ng cch h4ng)/ (nang s!Ht%)/ phng the( '4i tp trang m* (eetersen/
U@@C)"
S- ) th nghim
I S2 P1
60
S1 P1
65
S3 P2
66
S3 P1
59
S1 P2
56
S2 P2
62
U+
II
S1 P2
45
S3 P1
55
S3 P2
57
S1 P1
58
S2 P2
50
S2 P1
59
III S1 P1
55
S3 P1
51
S1 P2
43
S2 P1
54
S2 P2
45
S3 P2
50
Ihp s li! 3Ai ;: hi!V Z (;hi)/ S (;h(?ng cch h4ng)/ e (l,2ng phn ln)/ Se (y5! t
t,-ng tc ;h(?ng cch h4ng 34 l,2ng phn ln/ n5! ;hng cJ t,-ng tc ;hng cRn ghi cLt n4y
34 ;hng 85p nhJm)" S( snh t,-ng tc the( 6!nnett test/ 85p nhJm 6!ncan s! gi trX tr!ng
'nh nghim th.c (tHt c? l4 B 8 z * gi trX tr!ng 'nh nghim th.c)"
&rnh t h'n t(ch: a% &)* +i,- m.u x/ , 01230 45 x6 nhm nghim thc 7 45 8%
b% &(nh xc sut s* snh t9:ng tc hai ;6u t< 7=8 th-* >unn-tt t-st%
c% Ghi k6t ?u@ h'n t(ch 45* b@ng%
1(U( 1( T93 :*l2 7=, )6nh )ng )Wc, GhXng YP? nhZ7 cWc ngh*17 )hVc )<,ng SAnh c[> S
JK P(
Z5t 0!? sW ch( '?ng phn tch ph,-ng sai/ tnh t,-ng tc Se the( 6!nnett test"
DATA;
INPUT K S P Y;
CARDS;
1 1 1 65
1 1 2 56
1 2 1 60
1 2 2 62
1 3 1 59
1 3 2 66
2 1 1 58
2 1 2 45
2 2 1 59
2 2 2 50
2 3 1 55
2 3 2 57
3 1 1 55
3 1 2 43
3 2 1 54
3 2 2 45
3 3 1 51
3 3 2 50
;
PROC GLM;
CLASS K S P;
MODEL Y = K S P S*P;
MEAN S P / LSD ALPHA=0.01;
MEAN S*P / DUNCAN ALPHA=0.01;
LSMEANS S*P / P%I-- A%CUSTD%UNN6TTE
TITLE `2 YEU TO';
RUN;
1(U( -( T93 :*l2 7=, )6nh )ng )Wc, YP? nhZ7 cWc ngh*17 )hVc )<,ng SAnh c[> S JK P(
UU
fhi th$m cLt Se (y5! t t,-ng tc ;h(?ng cch h4ng 34 l,2ng phn ln 85p nhJm ;hi t,-ng
tc Se cJ nghba)" Z5t 0!? sW ch( '?ng phn tch ph,-ng sai/ tnh t,-ng tc Se the( 6!nnett
test/ 85p nhJm cc tr!ng 'nh nghim th.c c<a cc y5! t nh, sa!V
DATA;
INPUT K $ S $ P $ SP $ Y;
CARDS;
1 1 1 S1P1 65
1 1 2 S1P2 56
1 2 1 S2P1 60
1 2 2 S2P2 62
1 3 1 S3P1 59
1 3 2 S3P2 66
2 1 1 S1P1 58
2 1 2 S1P2 45
2 2 1 S2P1 59
2 2 2 S2P2 50
2 3 1 S3P1 55
2 3 2 S3P2 57
3 1 1 S1P1 55
3 1 2 S1P2 43
3 2 1 S2P1 54
3 2 2 S2P2 45
3 3 1 S3P1 51
3 3 2 S3P2 50
;
PROC GLM;
CLASS K S P;
MODEL Y = K S P S*P;
MEAN S P / LSD ALPHA=0.01;
MEAN S*P / DUNCAN ALPHA=0.01;
LSMEANS S*P / P%I-- A%CUSTD%UNN6TTE
TITLE `2 YEU TO';
RUN;
PROC GLM;
CLASS K SP;
MODEL Y = K SP;
MEAN SP / DUNCAN ALPHA=0.01;
RUN;
" ,6U TO
The GL/ Procedure
Class Levels Values
K # ! " #
S # ! " #
P " ! "
Num(er of o(servations !3
" ,6U TO
The GL/ Procedure
Sum of
/odel 1 5325555551 4123)4$"#3 !2$# )2)))"
UB
6rror !) 512####### 521######
Corrected Total !1 1$"2)))))))
)24!)5! 21!14) "2$4351 $$2)))))
Source %- T<*e I SS /ean S.uare - Value Pr 0 -
K " !12####### ")325555551 #)244 F2)))!
S " "!2####### !)25555551 !2$3 )2"$"5
P ! 432))))))) 432))))))) !2$$ )2))#
SGP " !32))))))) 12))))))) !)244 )2))#)
Source %- T<*e III SS /ean S.uare - Value Pr 0 -
K " !12####### ")325555551 #)244 F2)))!
S " "!2####### !)25555551 !2$3 )2"$"5
P ! 432))))))) 432))))))) !2$$ )2))#
SGP " !32))))))) 12))))))) !)244 )2))#)
" ,6U TO
The GL/ Procedure
t Tests :LS%; for ,
Al*ha )2)!
6rror %e@rees of -reedom !)
6rror /ean S.uare 521#####
Critical Value of t #2!54"1
Least Si@niAcant %i9erence 213
t Grou*in@ /ean N S
A $52### 5 #
A
A $$2))) 5 "
A
A $#2551 5 !
" ,6U TO
The GL/ Procedure
t Tests :LS%; for ,
Al*ha )2)!
Critical Value of t #2!54"1
Least Si@niAcant %i9erence #23153
t Grou*in@ /ean N P
A $12### 4 !
B $"2551 4 "
" ,6U TO
Uz
The GL/ Procedure
Level of Level of 88888888888888,88888888888888
S P N /ean Std %ev
! ! # $42####### $2!#!5)!
! " # 32))))))) 12))))))))
" ! # $125555551 #2"!$$)"$
" " # $"2####### 321#5344$
# ! # $$2))))))) 2))))))))
# " # $125555551 32)")3)5"3
" ,6U TO
The GL/ Procedure
Least S.uares /eans
AdHustment for /ulti*le Com*arisons+ %unnett
H)+LS/eanD
Control
S P , LS/6AN Pr 0 ItI
! ! $42#######
! " 32))))))) )2))!#
" ! $125555551 )23344
" " $"2####### )2)#)!
# ! $$2))))))) )2"")3
# " $125555551 )23344
fi?i thchV s9 dng m.c 8c s!Ht pj3al!e s( snh t,-ng tc the( 6!nnett test (Ad!stment
F(r i!ltiple K(mparis(nsV 6!nnett)/ ;hi p +/+{ th cc gi trX tr!ng 'nh 'nh ph,-ng cJ ?nh
h,~ng Lc lp ;hc nha!/ n5! p d +/+{ th cc gi trX n4y ?nh h,~ng nh, nha!"
eh,-ng php s( snh 6!nnett test ch( thHyV cc t,-ng tc SUeU/ SBeU/ SzeU 34 SzeB cJ ?nh
h,~ng nh, nha! 5n nang s!Ht (p tD +/BB+m 5n +/mm@@)" &,-ng tc ?nh h,~ng Lc lp l4 SUeB
(p +/++Uz) 34 SBeB (p +/+z+U)"

" ,6U TO
The GL/ Procedure
Class Levels Values
K # ! " #
SP 5 S!P! S!P" S"P! S"P" S#P! S#P"
" ,6U TO
The GL/ Procedure
Sum of
/odel 1 5325555551 4123)4$"#3 !2$# )2)))"
6rror !) 512####### 521######
Corrected Total !1 1$"2)))))))
)24!)5! 21!14) "2$4351 $$2)))))
K " !12####### ")325555551 #)244 F2)))!
SP $ "512####### $#2555551 124 )2))"4
UC
K " !12####### ")325555551 #)244 F2)))!
SP $ "512####### $#2555551 124 )2))"4
" ,6U TO
The GL/ Procedure
%uncanJs /ulti*le 7an@e Test for ,
Al*ha )2)!
Num(er of /eans " # $ 5
Critical 7an@e 521! 52441 12!1$ 12"43 12#31
%uncan Grou*in@ /ean N SP
A $42### # S!P!
A
A $12551 # S#P"
A
A $12551 # S"P!
A
A $$2))) # S#P!
A
B A $"2### # S"P"
B
B 32))) # S!P"

\?ng U"B" Iang s!Ht ! (;g%) d( ?nh h,~ng ;h(?ng cch h4ng 34 l,2ng ln
5! t ln 5! t ;h(?ng cch h4ng &r!ng 'nh y5! t ln
SU C{ cm SB @+ cm Sz Uz{ cm
eU + ;g%ha {@/zz a {l/*l a {{/++ a {l/zz A
eB B{;g%ha Cm/++ ' {B/zz a' {l/*l a {B/*l \
&r!ng 'nh y5! t
;h(?ng cch h4ng
{z/*l A {{/++ A {*/zz A
Cc trung bnh cng k t khng khc bit c ngha th<ng kA mc xc sut 4Bi ;6u t< 8: ! "#"$#
t9:ng tc 7=8 : !"#"$C C3 D E#FG%

fi?i thch ;5t 0!?V
j Z5t 0!? tD '?ng ph,-ng sai 34 85p nhJm y5! t ;h(?ng cch h4ng ;hng ;hc 'it ( U/{m
3Ai p +/B{B*)/ y5! t ln cJ ;hc 'it cJ nghba ( UC/{{ 3Ai p +/++zC)" t5p nhJm
6!ncan cc gi trX tr!ng 'nh t,-ng tc ln 34 ;h(?ng cch h4ng ch( thHy cJ hai nhJm the( ;:
tE l4 A 34 \ tr(ng J nang s!Ht ca( nhHt {@/zz ;g%"
j KJ t,-ng tc c<a ;h(?ng cch h4ng 34 ln Se 5n nang s!Ht ( U+/@@ 3Ai p +/++z)"
Iang s!Ht chX! tc Lng c<a ln 34 ;hc 'it cJ nghba ~ hai l,2ng ln"
j S( snh gi trX 8c s!Ht p cc nghim th.c tr!ng 'nh t,-ng tc the( 6!nnett ch( thHy t,-ng
tc ;h(?ng cch h4ng 3Ai 'Jn ln ch( nang s!Ht ca( nhHt l4 {@/zz ;g% c<a t,-ng tc SUeU
(;h(?ng cch h4ng C{ cm 34 ;hng 'Jn ln) cJ ?nh h,~ng ging nh, SBeU(;h(?ng cch h4ng
@+ cm 34 ;hng 'Jn ln) cJ p +/mm@@/ ging nh, SzeU (;h(?ng cch h4ng Uz{ cm 34 ;hng
'Jn ln) 3Ai p +/BB+m 34 ;h(?ng cch Uz{ cm 3Ai l,2ng ln B{ ;g%ha (SzeB 3Ai p +/mm@@)"
U{
&,-ng tc ?nh h,~ng Lc lp l4 'Jn ln 3Ai ;h(?ng cch h4ng C{ cm (SUeB 3Ai p +/++Uz) 34
@+ cm (SBeB 3Ai p +/+z+U)"
Ghi ch: phn tch tng tc cc gi tr !"# tr$n %& trung '(nh '(nh phng nh) nh*t:
j Zhc 'it means 34 lsmeansV
S0 )<,ng SAnh (means) t1ng s cc gi trX % s gi trX (the( s h>c)"
S0 )<,ng SAnh SAnh ?hng nh\ nh]) (lsmeans) t1ng s cc gi trX ;5t h2p t!y5n
tnh % s gi trX/ ,2c dng s( snh t,-ng tc A\/ A\K"
I5! s gi trX Ry < tr(ng ' tr th nghim nhiO! y5! t/ s tr!ng 'nh 'Nng 3Ai s
tr!ng 'nh 'nh ph,-ng nh nhHt"
I5! thi5! mLt s gi trX/ s tr!ng 'nh ;hc 3Ai s tr!ng 'nh 'nh ph,-ng nh nhHt"
tem s li! '?ng sa!V
S tr!ng 'nh sW l4V
S tr!ng 'nh 'nh ph,-ng nh nhHtV
Ih,ng thi5! U s nh, '?ng sa!V

S tr!ng 'nh (M ^ R ^ - ^ ((((^ M ^ - ^ 8)_` a 8,R-O(
&ri lGi/ s tr!ng 'nh 'nh ph,-ng nh nhHt (M ^ M ^ 8)_8 a 8,RRU(
j I5! 0!an tm 5n s( snh nhiO! gi trX Lc lp 34 ;hng 0!an tm 5n nhiO! t,-ng tc/
s9 dng t test lp lGi 3Ai gS6"
j I5! 0!an tm 5n s( snh tHt c? cc gi trX tDng cp/ p dng &!;ey test h(c s( snh
tHt c? gi trX 3Ai mLt gi trX i ch.ng th s9 dng 6!nnett test cJ t,-ng tc r[ nhHt
(SAS/ B++C)"
j S( snh gi trX p iO! chPnh gi?i thch t,-ng tc c<a A\/ can c. tr$n gi? thi5t can '?n l4
c+V gSiean(i) gSiean() g>i l4 gi? thi5t n!ll/ cJ nghba l4 cc trX s ging nha!" Zhi s( snh
nhiO! trX s 3Ai nha!/ gi trX p iO! chPnh (ad!sted pj3al!e) l4 gi trX m.c sai s ch!ng nh
nhHt (]/ amily7ise ]rr(r #ate) 'c ' gi? thi5t tr$n (estFall/ B++m)"
fi?i thch s( snh nhiO! gi trXV
U*
j Zhi s( snh/ n5! ;hng 'c ' gi? thi5t n!ll c+V cc trX s ging nha!"
j 6!ncan m!ltiple range test (6i#&) s9 dng s( snh t test ch( nhiO! gi trX tr!ng 'nh
3Ai tr$n 'n gi trX" gS6 p dng ch( hai 'i5n rHt d d4ng 34 ;hng cRn dng 6i#&"
1(`( b nghc> cWc )d JK ch,Ten Df* g*W )<g
j S6 (Standard de3iati(n/ L lch ch!n)V m.c L 'i5n Lng c<a dMy A s( 3Ai dMy \/ mc d
hai gi trX tr!ng 'nh c<a hai dMy 'Nng nha!"
j K_ (K(eFFicience (F 3ariance/ h s 'i5n thi$n)V s( snh m.c 'i5n Lng c<a nhiO! mQ!"
j S] (Standard err(r/ sai s ch!n)V sai s c<a t1ng cc gi trX"
j Khia t1V chia nh th4nh t1 ;hi cJ s li! th! thp lAn" pp dng cng th.c Z {l(g n"
]8V cJ {+ cy/ Z {l(g {+ m/C@ ch>n tm t1" Zh(?ng cch t1 K (tma8jtmin)%Z
&1 mLtV zj C/C t1 haiV C/{j{/@ t1 'aV * jl/C h (ehGm Kh &h4nh/ U@l*)"

Kh!yn 1i gi trX (transF(rmati(n) rHt cRn s( snh ;hc 'it cc gi trX tr!ng 'nh/ 3 ;hng
ch!yn gi trX/ thng ;$ ;hng ;hc 'it 3Ai gS6 lAn/ nh,ng ch!yn 1i gi trX th thng ;$ cJ
;hc 'it cJ nghba 3 gS6 nh (Kle7er/ B++U)"

j S li! l4 -n 3X s 8 tD U 5n z{/ ch!yn sang yi ln (8i)/ (Kle7er/ B++U)"
j S li! l4 -n 3X s cJ 8 +/+B cLng U 34( cc trX s 34 1i sang yi l(g (8iU)/ l,! : ph?i
cJ gi trX gi? Xnh lAn h-n U mAi tnh l(g ,2c" _ cJ s + n$n cRn gi? Xnh (ass!mpti(n)
tnh s h2p l: (ehGm Kh &h4nh/ U@l* 34 Kle7er/ B++U)"
&r>ng l,2ng ;h c<a la c (red rice) tr(ng th nghim 'a nghim th.c tD +/+m 5n zB g%m
B
/
,2c 1i s li! sang l(g (8U) tr,Ac ;hi thng ;$ s( snh gS6 (Katala/ U@@z)"
i s li! l4 3Ai trX s 8 tD + j z+ (sa! ;hi cLng th$m +/{ h(c U ch( cc gi trX (ehGm Kh
&h4nh/ U@l*) 34 tD l+ j U++/ cJ th ch!yn yi (Kle7er/ B++U)"
Kh!yn 1i s li! sang (8 +/{) i 3Ai chP s 'nh tD U/+{ 5n B/@m the( th nghim c<a
&aa 34 ct3 (B++B)"
j s li! l4 3Ai trX s 8 tD C+ j l+ ;hng cRn ch!yn 1i 3 ;5t 0!? thng ;$ ;hng ;hc
gia s ng!y$n 34 s li! ch!yn 1i"
j s li! l4 3Ai trX s 8 tD U 5n U++/ ch!yn sang gJc (ang!lar) yi arcsin/ th,Tng gp
tr(ng 3ic tnh tP l n?y mRm/ tP l ra r 3Ai tc Lng c<a chHt iO! ha sinh tr,~ng/ tP l nHm
'nh"
&h nghim ;h?( st tP l n?y mRm c<a hGt Hchinac-a urur-a tD C 5n mB ,2c ch!yn
sang gJc arcsin (`! 34 ct3/ B++{)"
g,! : ch!yn 1i tr(ng e8celV
j ch!yn l(gV yi gI(8)
j ch!yn tP l V 1i p @@ +"@@S`#&(+"@@) 8UASsI(8U) 8B6]f#]]S(8B)
gi trX A#KSsI yi
1(j( k c /l (?l3) /*m2) JK ln? l9* (<2?l*c>)*3n/)
Ul
j } c- s~ ch( cy nhV B+jC+ cy/ c4 ph$V C cy/ cy an 0!? nhV U+jB+ cy/ ra!V B+jz+ m
B
/
th!c \_&_V U+ m
B
" &h nghim s?n 8!HtV U++ m
B
" Sai s (e) ch( U m
B
U@/*/ U+ m
B
l/{/
B+ m
B
B/@/ {+ m
B
U/z (ehGm Kh &h4nh/ U@l*)"
j gp lGi (n)V 'n lRn l4 ph h2p/ ti thi! l4 'a lRn/ cRn 8c Xnh n ((_)%(e))
B
" &h nghim
nam l(Gi Ht ch( nang s!Ht c?i cJ sai s ch!n (S]) c<a trX s tr!ng 'nh 3Ai 'a lRn lp lGi l4
B/mz 'n lRn lp lGi l4 B/C{ 34 nam lRn lp lGi l4 B/B+ (eetersen/ U@@C)"

Chng -
PHN TCH PHNG SAI TH NGHI$M op T"
HO&N TO&N NGq# NHIrN
(C37?l2)2lT ">n437*m24 s2/*gn, C"s)
-(1( Th6 ngh*17 h3Kn )3Kn ng=, nh*+n 7t) TP, )0
pp dng tr(ng iO! ;in )ng nhHt 3O mi tr,Tng/ L dc/ nh sng/ L ph nhi$! c<a Ht/ '
tr tr(ng phng th nghim"
&in l2i c<a ph,-ng php n4y l4 cc nghim th.c cJ s lRn lp lGi ;hc nha!/ nh,ng hGn ch5 l4
t chnh 8c ;hi -n 3X th nghim tr(ng nghim th.c ;hng )ng nhHt" h ;h=c phc iO! n4y/
cRn tang nhiO! s lRn lp lGi 34 ;ch th,Ac ph?i lAn/ d( J tn ;m h-n (Kle7er/ B++U)"

Th6 ngh*17 4ung J* Gh,vn Inh hlng hK7 lEng D97 )<+n c\ Y> )<c )hI3(

&h nghim g)m s! nghim th.c ti$m ch<ng * nhJm dng 3i ;h!n ?nh h,~ng 5n h4m
l,2ng Gm (mg I) c<a ging c 8a trc th?( (red cl(3er)/ nam lRn lp lGi" Iam nghim th.c
R! ch( nam dng 3i ;h!n IhiJ*bium tri+*,ii ri$ng 'it ;5t h2p 3Ai hn h2p nam dng 3i
;h!n IhiJ*bium m-,i,*ti" Ighim th.c c(mp(s hn h2p nam dng 3i ;h!n IhiJ*bium
tri+*,ii 3Ai hn h2p nam dng 3i ;h!n IhiJ*bium m-,i,*ti (phng the( '4i tp B/ ph,-ng php
s( snh nhiO! cch 85p hGng/ 85p s the( h4ng ngang 3Ai cch nhp s li! l4 datalines/ SAS/
U@@@)" &,-ng tE/ 85p s li! the( h4ng d>c ch( ;5t 0!? 89 l: nh, nha!"
data;
input T $ N @@;
datalines;
3DOK1 19.4 3DOK1 32.6 3DOK1 27 3DOK1 32.1 3DOK1 33
3DOK5 17.7 3DOK5 24.8 3DOK5 27.9 3DOK5 25.2 3DOK5 24.3
3DOK4 17 3DOK4 19.4 3DOK4 9.1 3DOK4 11.9 3DOK4 15.8
3DOK7 20.7 3DOK7 21 3DOK7 20.5 3DOK7 18.8 3DOK7 18.6
3DOK13 14.3 3DOK13 14.4 3DOK13 11.8 3DOK13 11.6 3DOK13 14.2
COMPOS 17.3 COMPOS 19.4 COMPOS 19.1 COMPOS 16.9 COMPOS 20.8
;
proc anova;
class T;
model N = T;
means T / tukey;
means t / duncan waller;
means t / lsd;
title `vi khuan';
run;
vi Khuan
Um
The ANOVA Procedure
Class Levels Values
T 5 #%OK! #%OK!# #%OK #%OK$ #%OK1 CO/POS
Num(er of o(servations #)
vi Khuan
The ANOVA Procedure
%e*endent Varia(le+ N
Sum of
/odel $ 312)5551 !542)4### !2#1 F2)))!
6rror " "3"24"3))) !!2133551
Corrected Total "4 !!"4241551
78S.uare Coe9 Var 7oot /S6 N /ean
)2145!5 !12"5$!$ #2##5# !4233551
T $ 312)55551 !542)4#### !2#1 F2)))!
vi Khuan
The ANOVA Procedure
TuKe<Js StudentiLed 7an@e :HS%; Test for N
NOT6+ This test controls the T<*e I e?*eriment=ise error rate> (ut it @enerall< has a hi@her T<*e
II error rate than 76GMN2
Al*ha )2)$
6rror %e@rees of -reedom "
6rror /ean S.uare !!213351
Critical Value of StudentiLed 7an@e 2#1"5$
/inimum Si@niAcant %i9erence 521!"
TuKe< Grou*in@ /ean N T
A "323") $ #%OK!
A
B A "#243) $ #%OK$
B
B C !424") $ #%OK1
B C
B C !321)) $ CO/POS
C
C !25) $ #%OK
C
C !#2"5) $ #%OK!#
vi Khuan
The ANOVA Procedure
Maller8%uncan K8ratio t Test for N
NOT6+ This test minimiLes the Ba<es risK under additive loss and certain other assum*tions2
U@
Kratio !))
- Value !2#1
Critical Value of t !24!31#
/inimum Si@niAcant %i9erence 2!55$
Maller Grou*in@ /ean N T
A "323") $ #%OK!
B "#243) $ #%OK$
B
C B !424") $ #%OK1
C
C % !321)) $ CO/POS
%
6 % !25) $ #%OK
6
6 !#2"5) $ #%OK!#
vi Khuan
The ANOVA Procedure
%uncanJs /ulti*le 7an@e Test for N
Al*ha )2)$
Critical 7an@e 23" 21)1 23$" 24$ $2)#!
%uncan Grou*in@ /ean N T
A "323") $ #%OK!
B "#243) $ #%OK$
B
C B !424") $ #%OK1
C
C % !321)) $ CO/POS
%
6 % !25) $ #%OK
6
6 !#2"5) $ #%OK!#
vi Khuan
The ANOVA Procedure
t Tests :LS%; for N
Al*ha )2)$
Critical Value of t "2)5#4)
Least Si@niAcant %i9erence 23!3
B+
t Grou*in@ /ean N T
A "323") $ #%OK!
B "#243) $ #%OK$
B
C B !424") $ #%OK1
C
C % !321)) $ CO/POS
%
6 % !25) $ #%OK
6
6 !#2"5) $ #%OK!#

Gi@i th(ch: s khc bit tha; KLi khi s* snh cc nghim thc 4Bi cc s* snh gi trM trung bnh
nh9 sau:
&!;eys St!dentied #ange (cS6) &est F(r Iitr(gen iinim!m SigniFicant 6iFFerence */lUCB
allerj6!ncan Zjrati( t &est F(r Iitr(gen iinim!m SigniFicant 6iFFerence C/U**{
t &ests (gS6) F(r Iitr(gen geast SigniFicant 6iFFerence C/CmUm
6!ncan gr(!ping cJ gi trX s( snh cp B tr!ng 'nh 3Ai critical range l4 C/CmB/ nh,ng tang dRn
;hi cJ nhiO! s( snh cc nghim th.c"
fi?i thchV t1ng L tE d( c<a th nghim l4 * j U {/ tnh c<a th nghim l4 UC/zl 3Ai p
+/+++U" c4m l,2ng Gm thay 1i 34 cJ ;hc 'it thng ;$ ,2c ch>n ~ m.c p +/+{ d( tc
Lng c<a s! dng 3i ;h!n" t5p nhJm the( &!;ey test ;hc 3Ai cc cch ;hc" t5p nhJm
the( aller/ 6!ncan 34 t test gS6 nh, nha!/ 85p nhJm cc tr!ng 'nh chia th4nh nam nhJm
the( ;: tE tD ca( 5n thHp l4 A/ \/ K/ 6/ 34 ]" t5p nhJm the( 6!ncan test ch( thHy h4m
l,2ng Gm tch ly d( z6^ZU ca( nhHt/ ;hc 'it cJ nghba 3Ai cc dng 3i ;h!n ;hc/ thHp
nhHt l4 z6^ZUz"

cin cJ tr$n B+ gi trX s( snh ;hc 'it cc nghim th.c (Z!ehl/ B+++ Kle7er/ B++U)/
nh,ng ph1 'i5n l4 cc cch tr$n" t5p nhJm the( 6!ncan test ,2c dng ph1 'i5n hin nay"

-(-( Th6 ngh*17 h3Kn )3Kn ng=, nh*+n h>* TP, )0 GhXng cwn D0*
\4i tp th nghim hai y5! t ;hng cn i (Sn'alanced Bj'yjB act(rial/ SAS/ U@@@)/ y5! t
A 34 \ ,2c thi5t ;5 the( s- ) nh, sa!V
A
1 -
o
1 UB B+
UC Um
- UU l
@
dataE
in*ut A O B O , PPE
datalinesE
A1 B1 12 A1 B1 14 A1 B2 11 A1 B2 9
A2 B1 20 A2 B1 18 A2 B2 17
E
BU
*roc @lmE
class A BE
model ,DA B AGBE
means AQlsdE
title R" ,6U TO KHONG CAN %OISE
runE
" ,6U TO KHONG CAN %OI
The GL/ Procedure
Class Levels Values
A " A! A"
B " B! B"
Num(er of o(servations 1
The GL/ Procedure
Sum of
/odel # 4!21!"3$1! #)2$1!"3$1 !$2"4 )2)"$#
6rror # 52)))))))) "2))))))))
Corrected Total 5 4121!"3$1!
)24#3$45 423)!3) !2!"! !2"3$1
A ! 3)2)15!4)$ 3)2)15!4)$ )2)" )2))3)
B ! !!2"5555551 !!2"5555551 $25# )2)43"
AGB ! )2))))))) )2))))))) )2") )253$)
A ! 5125))))))) 5125))))))) ##23) )2)!)!
B ! !)2)))))))) !)2)))))))) $2)) )2!!!
AGB ! )2))))))) )2))))))) )2") )253$)
The GL/ Procedure
t Tests :LS%; for ,
Al*ha )2)$
6rror %e@rees of -reedom #
6rror /ean S.uare "
Critical Value of t #2!3"$
Least Si@niAcant %i9erence #2#1
Harmonic /ean of Cell SiLes #2"3$1!
NOT6+ Cell siLes are not e.ual2
BB
t Grou*in@ /ean N A
A !32### # A"
B !!2$)) A!
fi?i thchV
j &1ng L tE d( c<a th nghim l4 n j U l j U *" test t(4n th nghim l4 U{/B@ 3Ai 8c s!Ht
p +/+B{z/ ch.ng t cJ ;hc 'it tr(ng C tr!ng 'nh nghim th.c"
j &h nghim cn i cc th nghim th,Tng cJ '?ng ,Ac l,2ng &ype s SS 34 &ype sss SS (SS
S!m (F S0!ares/ t1ng 'nh ph,-ng) 'Nng nha!/ nh,ng tr(ng th nghim ;hng cn i n4y/
s9 dng &ype sss SS l4 ph h2p"
j S( snh ;hc 'it ~ m.c +/+{ ch( thHy ;hng cJ t,-ng tc A\ (p +/*m{+)/ ch.ng t
?nh h,~ng c<a y5! t A ;hng l th!Lc 34( y5! t \ 34 ng,2c lGi" KRn tnh ;hc 'it tDng y5!
t/ tr(ng J y5! t \ ;hng ;hc 'it (p +/UUUC)/ y5! t A cJ ;hc 'it (p +/+U+U) ~ m.c p
+/+{"
Chng 8
PHN TCH PHNG SAI TH NGHI$M
xHpI yz{ y| NGq# NHIrN
(">n437*m24 C37?l2)2 ol3cG s2/*gn, "Cos)
8(1( xh0* D}T D[ h3Kn )3Kn ng=, nh*+n 7t) TP, )0
hy l4 ;i! ' tr ph1 'i5n nhHt tr(ng nghi$n c.! nng nghip" pp dng ch( 3ic s( snh
cc ging/ l(Gi phn 'Jn tr(ng iO! ;in Ht ai/ ng(Gi c?nh t,-ng i t )ng nhHt" &h,Tng cJ
chiO! 'i5n thi$n c<a h,Ang dc h(c h,Ang nh sng/ L ph Ht/ pc/ cRn iO! chPnh ph h2p
3O ;ch th,Ac/ chiO! d4i " Zi! #K\6 gi?m sai s th nghim/ nh,ng chX! ?nh h,~ng c<a
;hi"
Th6 ngh*17 /3 /Wnh n~ng /,]) )* (Gg_X 8R7
-
) c[> R g*0ng DC, HK >n )<3ng M Gh0*, /F
4ng GH )B )h>T )+n g*0ng (\arnard/ U@@C)"
\ tr th nghim the( ;hi Ry < h(4n t(4n ngQ! nhi$n/ 'n lRn lp lGi/ s! nghim th.c"
&1ng s C8* BC (; ;hi t nghim th.c/ t$n ging y nang s!Ht)" S- ) th
nghim nh, sa!V
Hng dc cao
I f d c e b a
II e f c b a d
III c d e a b f
IV e d c a f b
Thp
data;
input k $ t $ y;
cards;
1 9
1 ! 14.6
1 c 18.3
1 " 14.1
Bz
1 # 21.9
1 a 22.4
2 " 14.2
2 14.1
2 c 17.4
2 # 25.6
2 a 23.9
2 ! 19.2
3 c 12.7
3 ! 15.8
3 " 11.5
3 a 21.1
3 # 23.7
3 6.4
4 " 12.1
4 ! 16.1
4 c 15.9
4 a 19.6
4 12.3
4 # 18.3
;
proc anova;
class k t;
model y = k t;
means t /duncan alpha=0.01;
title 'Thi nghiem 1 yeu to RCBD';
run;
Thi n@hiem ! <eu to 7CB%
The ANOVA Procedure
Class Levels Values
K ! " #
t 5 a ( c d e f
Num(er of o(servations "
The ANOVA Procedure
%e*endent Varia(le+ <
Sum of
/odel 3 412##))))) 5"2!55"$)) !52" F2)))!
6rror !$ $5214$)))) #2135####
Corrected Total "# $$2!"$))))
78S.uare Coe9 Var 7oot /S6 < /ean
)2341$)$ !!2554"1 !24$3$) !5251$))
BC
K # $"234$)))) !125#!5551 255 )2)!1!
t $ 2#$)))) 332331)))) "#23 F2)))!
The ANOVA Procedure
%uncanJs /ulti*le 7an@e Test for <
Al*ha )2)!
6rror %e@rees of -reedom !$
6rror /ean S.uare #2135###
Critical 7an@e 2)$ 2""4 2#" 2" 23$

%uncan Grou*in@ /ean N t
A ""2#1$ (
A
A "!21$) a
B !52"$ d
B
B !52)1$ c
B
C B !"241$ e
C
C !)2$) f
fi?i thchV ;5t 0!? ch( thHy cc nghim th.c ;hc 'it rHt cJ nghba ~ m.c p +/+U/ 85p nhJm
the( ;: tE chia l4m 'a nhJm l4 A/ \ 34 K 34 ;hng ;hc 'it tr(ng cng nhJm 3Ai nha!"
Ighim th.c ' ch( nang s!Ht ca( nhHt/ ;hng ;hc 'it 3Ai nghim th.c a 34 thHp nhHt l4
nghim th.c F"

8(-( x*e, X J,Xng l> )*nh (>)*n /Q,><2)
pp dng ;hi cJ 'i5n thi$n hai chiO! c<a cc nghim th.c 34 cRn ,2c ;h?( st the( hai h,Ang/
th,Tng l4 ' tr the( h4ng 34 cLt" \4i tpV th nghim ;h?( st tang gi?m chiO! ca( la m the(
ti$! ch!n d( my gt tr$n s! l" &h. tE (s/ ss/ sss/ s_/ _/ _s) tr$n cc ;h! 3Ec A/ \/ K/ 6/
]/ (\arnard/ U@@C)" KhiO! ca( ch)i s( snh 3Ai chiO! ca( thEc sE (cm)"
Zh! 3Ec
$ # a ! c "
$$ # ! a " c
$$$ c " # ! a
$% ! c # " a
% " a c # !
%$ a ! " c #
6 li! ,2c s=p 85p nh, sa!V h4ng (c)/ cLt (K)/ nghim th.c (&) 34 chiO! ca( ()"
DATA;
INPUT H C T $ Y;
CARDS;
1 1 3.5
1 2 # 4.2
1 3 a 6.7
B{
1 4 ! 6.6
1 5 c 4.1
1 6 " 3.8
2 1 # 8.9
2 2 1.9
2 3 ! 5.8
2 4 a 4.5
2 5 " 2.4
2 6 c 5.8
3 1 c 9.6
3 2 " 3.7
3 3 &2.7
3 4 # 3.7
3 5 ! 6
3 6 a 7
4 1 ! 10.5
4 2 c 10.2
4 3 # 4.6
4 4 " 3.7
4 5 a 5.1
4 6 3.8
5 1 " 3.1
5 2 a 7.2
5 3 c 4
5 4 &3.3
5 5 # 3.5
5 6 ! 5
6 1 a 5.9
6 2 ! 7.6
6 3 " &0.7
6 4 c 3
6 5 4
6 6 # 8.6
PROC ANOVA;
CLASS H C T;
MODEL Y = H C T;
MEANS T / DUNCAN ALPHA=0.01;
TITLE `CHIEU CAO LUA MI';
RUN;
CHI6U CAO LUA /I
The ANOVA Procedure
Class Levels Values
H 5 ! " # $ 5
C 5 ! " # $ 5
T 5 a ( c d e f
Num(er of o(servations #5
CHI6U CAO LUA /I
The ANOVA Procedure
B*
Sum of
/odel !$ "5#2)5!551 !12$#15!!! $2"1 )2)))
6rror ") 552$5##### #2#"3!551
Corrected Total #$ #"425"1$)))
)2143)5$ #32##45! !23"#"5 21$3###
H $ "32$44!551 $21!43### !21" )2!15#
C $ 132354!551 !$211#3### 21 )2))$!
T $ !$$2$4$3### #!2!!4!551 42#$ )2)))!
CHI6U CAO LUA /I
The ANOVA Procedure
Al*ha )2)!
6rror %e@rees of -reedom ")
6rror /ean S.uare #2#"3!51
Critical 7an@e "2441 #2!"5 #2"!! #2"1# #2#"!
%uncan Grou*in@ /ean N T
A 524!1 5 d
A
A 52!!1 5 c
A
A 52)51 5 a
A
B A $2$3# 5 (
B
B C "2551 5 e
C
C !2")) 5 f
fi?i thchV
Z5t 0!? 85p nhJm ch( thHy cJ 'a nhJm the( ;: tE l4 A / \ 34 K" KhiO! ca( gt la thay 1i d(
th. tE / cc nghim th.c ;hc 'it rHt cJ nghba ~ m.c p+/+U ca( nhHt l4 nghim th.c d/ thHp
nhHt l4 nghim th.c F"
8(8( xh0* D}T D[ ng=, nh*+n h>* TP, )0 cZ )ng )Wc (*n)2<>c)*3n)
Zi! th nghim can '?n n4y thEc hin tm tc Lng )ng thTi c<a hai y5! t cRn ;h?( st"
Th6 ngh*17 h>* TP, )0, TP, )0 A cZ S> ngh*17 )hVc, TP, )0 o cZ n~7 ngh*17 )hVc
&h nghim ' tr tr$n 'a ;hi Ry < ngQ! nhi$n/ ;h?( st nang s!Ht c?i dR! (;g%) d( ?nh
h,~ng 'a n)ng L chHt iO! ha sinh tr,~ng (SU/ SB/ Sz) 34 nam l,2ng Gm (6U/ 6B/ 6z/ 6C/
6{)/ s li! trch dQn tD trang U*m c<a Kle7er (B++U)"

KJ hai ',AcV (U) 89 l: AI^_A 'Nng e#^K fgi (feneral ginear i(del)/ 85p nhJm cc
nghim th.c c<a y5! t S/ 6" S( snh t,-ng tc gSi]AI 'NngV 'SM(A)S S*D+PD$,,
AD-.S/0D.))(//1 (B) tnh ;hc 'it t,-ng tc c<a y5! t S6 dEa tr$n s( snh gi trX 8c s!Ht
iO! chPnh (ad!st pj3al!es) c<a PD$,, AD-.S/0D.))(//.
*l2 7=, YF lH ANOVA JK YP? nhZ7 cWc ngh*17 )hVc c[> TP, )0 S JK s 7 hZ> Sng /0(
Bl
g,! : s9 dng dH! cch cc 'i5n s" iM hJa 'Nng ch 3Ai ;hi (Z)/ n)ng L chHt iO!
ha sinh tr,~ng (S) 34 l,2ng Gm (6)/ nang s!Ht c?i dR! (;g%)"
DATA;
INPUT K $ S $ D $ SD $ Y;
CARDS;
;
PROC GLM;
CLASS K S D;
MODEL Y = K S D S*D;
MEAN S/LSD;
MEAN D/LSD ALPHA=0.01;
MEAN S*D/ DUNCAN ALPHA=0.01;
LSMEANS S*D / PDIFF ADJUST=DUNNETT
ALPHA=0.01;
RUN;
PROC GLM;
CLASS K SD;
MODEL Y = K SD;
MEAN SD / DUNCAN ALPHA=0.01;
RUN;
The SAS S<stem
The GL/ Procedure
Class Levels Values
K # ! " #
S # ! " #
% $ ! " # $
Num(er of o(servations $
The SAS S<stem
The GL/ Procedure
Sum of
Source %- S.uares /ean S.uare -
Value Pr 0 -
/odel !5 #21#355551 )2"##55551
!!24! F2)))!
6rror "3 )2$4##### )2)!45!4)$
Corrected Total 2"33)))))
78S.uare Coe9 Var 7oot /S6 ,
/ean
)231!34! !!2!!5$! )2!))53
!2"5))))
Source %- T<*e I SS /ean S.uare -
Value Pr 0 -
K " )2)5))))) )2)#")))))
!25# )2"!#3
S " )2!54##### )2)355551
2#" )2)"#"
% "24)""""" )25""$$$$5
#!21# F2)))!
SG% 3 !2)!$!!!!! )2!"533334
521 F2)))!
1 1 1 S1D1 0.9
1 1 2 S1D2 1.2
1 1 3 S1D3 1.3
1 1 4 S1D4 1.8
1 1 5 S1D5 1.1
1 2 1 S2D1 0.9
1 2 2 S2D2 1.1
1 2 3 S2D3 1.3
1 2 4 S2D4 1.6
1 2 5 S2D5 1.9
1 3 1 S3D1 0.9
1 3 2 S3D2 1.4
1 3 3 S3D3 1.3
1 3 4 S3D4 1.4
1 3 5 S3D5 1.2
2 1 1 S1D1 0.9
2 1 2 S1D2 1.3
2 1 3 S1D3 1.5
2 1 4 S1D4 1.9
2 1 5 S1D5 1.4
2 2 1 S2D1 0.8
2 2 2 S2D2 0.9
2 2 3 S2D3 1.5
2 2 4 S2D4 1.3
2 2 5 S2D5 1.6
2 3 1 S3D1 1
2 3 2 S3D2 1.2
2 3 3 S3D3 1.4
2 3 4 S3D4 1.5
2 3 5 S3D5 1.1
3 1 1 S1D1 1
3 1 2 S1D2 1.2
3 1 3 S1D3 1.4
3 1 4 S1D4 2.1
3 1 5 S1D5 1.2
3 2 1 S2D1 0.8
3 2 2 S2D2 0.9
3 2 3 S2D3 1.1
3 2 4 S2D4 1.1
3 2 5 S2D5 1.5
3 3 1 S3D1 0.7
3 3 2 S3D2 1
3 3 3 S3D3 1.4
3 3 4 S3D4 1.4
3 3 5 S3D5 1.3
Bm
K " )2)5))))) )2)#"))))) !25# )2"!#3
S " )2!54##### )2)355551 2#" )2)"#"
% "24)""""" )25""$$$$5 #!21# F2)))!
SG% 3 !2)!$!!!!! )2!"533334 521 F2)))!
The SAS S<stem
The GL/ Procedure
t Tests :LS%; for ,
Al*ha )2)$
6rror %e@rees of -reedom "3
6rror /ean S.uare )2)!45!4
Critical Value of t "2)3!
Least Si@niAcant %i9erence )2!)3
t Grou*in@ /ean N S
A !2#551 !$ !
B !2""))) !$ "
B
B !2"!### !$ #
The SAS S<stem

The GL/ Procedure

t Tests :LS%; for ,
Al*ha )2)!
Critical Value of t "215#"5
Least Si@niAcant %i9erence )2!3"$
t Grou*in@ /ean N %
A !2$5551 4
B !2#5551 4 $
B
B !2#$$$5 4 #
C !2!#### 4 "
% )231113 4 !
The SAS S<stem
The GL/ Procedure
Least S.uares /eans
H)+LS/eanD
Control
S % , LS/6AN Pr 0 ItI
! ! )24#######
! " !2"####### )2!!5
! # !2))))))) )2))#1
! !24####### F2)))!
! $ !2"####### )2!!5
" ! )23####### )243
" " )245555551 !2))))
" # !2#))))))) )2)#"!
" !2######## )2)!5!
" $ !255555551 F2)))!
# ! )235555551 )24445
# " !2"))))))) )2")!1
# # !2#5555551 )2))13
# !2####### )2))!1
# $ !2"))))))) )2")!1
The SAS S<stem
The GL/ Procedure
B@
Class Levels Values
K # ! " #
S% !$ S!%! S!%" S!%# S!% S!%$ S"%! S"%" S"%# S"% S"%$ S#%! S#%" S#%# S#% S#%$
Num(er of o(servations $
The SAS S<stem
The GL/ Procedure
Sum of
/odel !5 #21#355551 )2"##55551 !!24! F2)))!
6rror "3 )2$4##### )2)!45!4)$
Corrected Total 2"33)))))
)231!34! !!2!!5$! )2!))53 !2"5))))
K " )2)5))))) )2)#"))))) !25# )2"!#3
S% ! #25155551 )2"5"15!4 !#2#3 F2)))!
K " )2)5))))) )2)#"))))) !25# )2"!#3
S% ! #25155551 )2"5"15!4 !#2#3 F2)))!
The SAS S<stem
The GL/ Procedure
Al*ha )2)!
Num(er of /eans " # $ 5 1 3
Critical 7an@e 2#!5) 2#"45 2##31 2#$# 2#$)$ 2#$1 2#$3"
Num(er of /eans 4 !) !! !" !# ! !$
Critical 7an@e 2#5!! 2#5#5 2#5$3 2#513 2#54$ 2#1!) 2#1"#
%uncan Grou*in@ /ean N S%
A !24### # S!%
A
B A !25551 # S"%$
B
B C !2### # S#%
B C
B C !2))) # S!%#
B C
z+
B C !2#551 # S#%#
B C
B C !2#### # S"%
C
% C !2#))) # S"%#
% C
% C 6 !2"### # S!%$
% C 6
% C 6 !2"### # S!%"
% C 6
% - C 6 !2"))) # S#%$
% - C 6
% - C 6 !2"))) # S#%"
% - 6
% - G 6 )24551 # S"%"
- G 6
- G 6 )24### # S!%!
- G
- G )23551 # S#%!
G
G )23### # S"%!

\?ng z"U" nh h,~ng c<a n)ng L chHt iO! ha sinh tr,~ng 34 Gm 5n nang s!Ht c?i dR!
(;g%)
I)ng L chHt
iO! ha
sinh tr,~ng (S)

g,2ng Gm (6)
&r!ng 'nh n)ng
L chHt iO! ha
sinh tr,~ng (S)
6U 6B 6z 6C 6{
SU
)>4# ef@ !>"# cde !>) (c !>4# a !>"# cde !>#$ A
SB
)>3# @ )>41 def@ !>#) dc !>## (c !>51 a( !>"" B
Sz
)>31 f@ !>") cdef !>#1 (c !># (c !>") cdef !>"! B
&r!ng 'nh
l,2ng Gm (6)
)>33 % !>!# C

!>#5 B !>$1 A !>#1 B
Cc trung bnh cng k t khng khc bit c ngha th<ng kA mc xc sut 4Bi nNng KO cht KiPu
hQa sinh tr9ng: !"#"RC ,9Sng K)m: !"#"$C t9:ng tc nNng KO cht KiPu hQa sinh tr9ng 45 ,9Sng
K)m: !"#"$C C3 D $$#$TG%
fi?i thchV
j Z5t 0!? 85p nhJm cJ th chia cc gi trX tr!ng 'nh tD ca( 5n thHp c<a y5! t t,-ng tc S6
l4m '?y nhJm the( ;: tE A/ \/ Y f tr(ng J gi trX tr!ng 'nh ca( nhHt l4 U/@z ;g% c<a
t,-ng tc SU6C/ thHp nhHt l4 +/mz ;g% c<a t,-ng tc SB6U"
j &,-ng tc c<a hai y5! t n)ng L chHt iO! ha sinh tr,~ng 34 l,2ng Gm S6 ( */Cl 3Ai
p +/+++U) ?nh h,~ng rHt cJ nghba 5n nang s!Ht c?i dR!" \?ng s( snh gi trX 8c s!Ht p cc
tr!ng 'nh t,-ng tc 6!nnett ch( thHy t,-ng tc chHt iO! ha sinh tr,~ng 34 l,2ng Gm ?nh
h,~ng Lc lp lAn nhHt 5n nang s!Ht c?i dR! l4 t,-ng tc SU6C (p +/+++U)/ ti5p the( l4
SB6{ (p +/+++U)/ Sz6C (p +/++Ul)/ 34 cc t,-ng tc SU6z/ Sz6z/ SB6C 34 SB6z" Kc
t,-ng tc cJ ?nh h,~ng nh, nha! ( p d +/+{) 34 nang s!Ht thHp l4 t,-ng tc Sz6B/ Sz6{/
SU6B/ SU6{/ Sz6U/ SU6U/ SB6U/ SB6B"
8(M( Th6 ngh*17 lX ?h (S?l*) ?l3)) cZ )ng )Wc (*n)2<>c)*3n)
&h nghim ;5t h2p cc nghim th.c th4nh nhJm tr(ng mLt y5! t l chnh g>i l4 ;i! th
nghim l ph (s,it ,*t U-sign)" &y cch ch>n y5! t n4( l4 chnh hay ph/ nh,ng p dng
ph1 'i5n nhHt 3Ai y5! t A th,Tng l4 l chnh (main pl(t Fact(r) hay l4 l lAn (large pl(ts) nh,
c4y Ht/ t,Ai n,Ac l ph \ (s!'pl(t Fact(r) hay l4 l nh (small pl(ts) nh, phn 'Jn/ ging
zU
(Kle7er/ B++U)" 5! t \ ,2c 85p the( l ph ,2c 8em nh, l4 y5! t ;h?( st s( 3Ai cc
gi trX tr!ng 'nh tr(ng ?nh h,~ng c<a t,-ng tc ;hi 3Ai y5! t A (ZA)/ tnh t,-ng tc
c<a tHt c? cc l" &,-ng tc c<a l ph ,2c s( snh 3Ai sai s th nghim resid!al (SAS/
U@@@)"
eh?i cJ test gi? thi5tV &]S& c A ] ZA (gi? thi5t n!ll/ ;hng ;hc nha!)"
S- ) th nghim ch!ng nh, sa!V
Zhi s Zhi ss Zhi sss
6B 6U 6z 6U 6B 6z 6U 6z 6B
_B _U _U _C _B _C _U _C _z
_z _C _z _U _z _U _z _z _U
_U _B _C _z _U _B _B _U _B
_C _z _B _B _C _z _C _B _C
&h nghim ;h?( st nang s!Ht c ;g% () d( y5! t ch! ; 8n c 34 ging c/ 8c s!Ht thng
;$ ,2c ch>n tr,Ac l4 p +/+{ (NCRS 2007, trang 52)"
&$n ch! ; 8n c 34 ging cJ th s9 dng mM hJa 'Nng s 34 ng!y$n t$n ging"

oK* )C? /F 4ng 7 hZ> Sng /0 nh />,@
5! t 6 l chnhV 'a nghim th.c 3O ch! ; 8n c l4 6UV z+ ng4y/ 6BV C{ ng4y/ 6zV *+ ng4y
5! t _ l phV 'n ging l4 _UV ac;s(n/ ging _BV cighlander/ ging _zV San iacr(s/
ging _CV iedina"
5! t 6_V y5! t t,-ng tc c<a hai y5! t 6 34 _"
\ tr th nghim tr$n 'a ;hi Ry </ ngQ! nhi$n (ZV U/ B/ z)"
Data;
Input K $ D $ V $ DV $ Y;
cards;
1 1 1 D1%1 6789
1 1 2 D1%2 6578
1 1 3 D1%3 6589
1 1 4 D1%4 6534
2 1 1 D1%1 6743
2 1 2 D1%2 6789
2 1 3 D1%3 6700
2 1 4 D1%4 6500
3 1 1 D1%1 6721
3 1 2 D1%2 7000
3 1 3 D1%3 6345
3 1 4 D1%4 6512
1 2 1 D2%1 8812
1 2 2 D2%2 9500
zB
1 2 3 D2%3 7816
1 2 4 D2%4 6956
2 2 1 D2%1 8745
2 2 2 D2%2 9654
2 2 3 D2%3 8721
2 2 4 D2%4 6956
3 2 1 D2%1 8867
3 2 2 D2%2 9595
3 2 3 D2%3 9800
3 2 4 D2%4 7934
1 3 1 D3%1 11345
1 3 2 D3%2 11999
1 3 3 D3%3 10456
1 3 4 D3%4 10009
2 3 1 D3%1 11099
2 3 2 D3%2 11678
2 3 3 D3%3 10678
2 3 4 D3%4 10999
3 3 1 D3%1 11567
3 3 2 D3%2 11890
3 3 3 D3%3 10367
3 3 4 D3%4 11345
;
proc glm;
class K D V;
model Y = K D K*D V D*V;
test h=D e=K*D;
means D V D*V/lsd alpha=0.05;
lsmeans D*V/pdiff=control adjust=dunnett;
title`SPLIT PLOT P $" statisti?SE
run;
proc glm;
class K DV;
model Y = K DV;
means DV/Duncan alpha=0.05;
run;

SPLIT PLOT P $" statisti?
The GL/ Procedure
Class Levels Values
K # ! " #
% # ! " #
V ! " #
The GL/ Procedure
Sum of
/odel !1 !##1)114"2 135$!52# $12$! F2)))!
zz
6rror !3 "5!55!2" !#51$42)
Corrected Total #$ !#5!54$#25
)243!4"" 2")$!4# #5423)4# 3142!!!
K " 31$###2 #155521 #2") )2)51
% " !")))524 5)""))#"2 )2# F2)))!
KG% 5"1!$523 !$51342" !2!$ )2#551
V # 1""#"$2! ")1132 !125! F2)))!
%GV 5 $!44"2" 1$544321 $2$ )2))"!
K " 31$###2 #155521 #2") )2)51
% " !")))524 5)""))#"2 )2# F2)))!
KG% 5"1!$523 !$51342" !2!$ )2#551
V # 1""#"$2! ")1132 !125! F2)))!
%GV 5 $!44"2" 1$544321 $2$ )2))"!
Tests of H<*otheses Usin@ the T<*e III /S for KG% as an 6rror Term
% " !")))524 5)""))#"2 #32)3 F2)))!
The GL/ Procedure
t Tests :LS%; for ,
Al*ha )2)$
6rror %e@rees of -reedom !3
6rror /ean S.uare !#51$4
Critical Value of t "2!))4"
Least Si@niAcant %i9erence #!12!3
t Grou*in@ /ean N %
A !!!!42# !" #
B 35!#2) !" "
C 55$)2) !" !
The GL/ Procedure
t Tests :LS%; for ,
Al*ha )2)$
Least Si@niAcant %i9erence #552"$
t Grou*in@ /ean N V
zC
A 4)42" 4 "
B 345$2# 4 !
B
B 35)32) 4 #
C 3!4#24 4
The GL/ Procedure
Level of Level of 88888888888888,88888888888888
% V N /ean Std %ev
! ! # 51$!2)))) #25431)#
! " # 51342)))) "!!2))))))
! # # 5$25551 !3!25)33"
! # 5$!$2#### !12"##$5
" ! # 33)32)))) 5!2)43"3!
" " # 4$3#2)))) 112543!#
" # # 31142)))) 44#2"1)3$4
" # 1"3"2)))) $5253$5#
# ! # !!##12)))) "#2!)"$"
# " # !!3$$25551 !5#2"#)4")
# # # !)$))2#### !5)2!541)"
# # !)132#### 54#2#353$1
The GL/ Procedure
Least S.uares /eans
H)+LS/eanD
Control
% V , LS/6AN Pr 0 ItI
! ! 51$!2))))
! " 51342)))) !2))))
! # 5$25551 )244#5
! 5$!$2#### )243#5
" ! 33)32)))) F2)))!
" " 4$3#2)))) F2)))!
" # 31142)))) F2)))!
" 1"3"2)))) )25$
# ! !!##12)))) F2)))!
# " !!3$$25551 F2)))!
# # !)$))2#### F2)))!
# !)132#### F2)))!
The GL/ Procedure
Class Levels Values
K # ! " #
%V !" %!V! %!V" %!V# %!V %"V! %"V" %"V# %"V %#V! %#V" %#V# %#V
The GL/ Procedure
Sum of
z{
/odel !# !##)3)5#$25 !)"#541"2) 1"24! F2)))!
6rror "" #)333!124 !)))23
)2411#!5 2"5)3!1 #121)!) 3142!!!
K " 31$###2 #155521 #2!" )2)5#
%V !! !#"")$#)"2" !")!355#23 3$25) F2)))!
K " 31$###2 #155521 #2!" )2)5#
%V !! !#"")$#)"2" !")!355#23 3$25) F2)))!
The GL/ Procedure
Al*ha )2)$
6rror %e@rees of -reedom ""
6rror /ean S.uare !)))23
Num(er of /eans " # $ 5 1 3 4 !) !! !"
Critical 7an@e 5#2$ 5552" 5352$ 1))23 1!!2# 1!42$ 1"$24 1#!2) 1#$2" 1#325 1!2
%uncan Grou*in@ /ean N %V
A !!3$$21 # %#V"
A
B A !!##12) # %#V!
B
B C !)132# # %#V
C
C !)$))2# # %#V#
% 4$3#2) # %"V"
6 33)32) # %"V!
6
6 31142) # %"V#
- 1"3"2) # %"V
-
G - 51342) # %!V"
G -
G - 51$!2) # %!V!
G
G 5$21 # %!V#
G
G 5$!$2# # %!V
z*
G*I* )h6ch@
j Z5t 0!? 85p nhJm t,-ng tc cc nghim th.c c<a y5! t 6_ cJ th chia l4m '?y nhJmV A/ \/
K/ """ f (IK#S/ B++l) tr(ng J nang s!Ht ca( nhHt ~ *+ ng4y 8n c l4 _B (cighlander)/ ti5p
the( l4 _U(ac;s(n)/ thHp nhHt l4 ~ z+ ng4y 8n c 3Ai ging _z (San iacr(s) 34 _C
(iedina)"
j Zhng cJ t,-ng tc gia ;hi 34 ch! ; 8n c ( U/U{ 3Ai p +/zz*l)
j &,-ng tc c<a 6_ rHt cJ nghba ( {/{C 3Ai p +/++BU)"
j Kan c. 34( '?ng s( snh 8c s!Ht p cc tr!ng 'nh t,-ng tc 6!nnett/ t,-ng tc ch! ; 8n
c 6U(z+ ng4y) 3Ai C ging c cJ ?nh h,~ng nh, nha! 3 cJ p d +/+{ cng nh, t,-ng tc
6B_C (ch! ; 8n c C{ ng4y/ging iedina)"
&,-ng tc ch! ; 8n c 6B (C{ ng4y) 3Ai cc ging ac;s(n/ cighlander 34 San iacr(s ?nh
h,~ng Lc lp cng nh, ch! ; 8n c 6z (ch! ; 8n c *+ ng4y) t,-ng tc 3Ai 'n ging
c O! cJ p +/+++U 34 tr(ng J nang s!Ht ca( nhHt l4 t,-ng tc 6z_B (ch! ; 8n c *+
ng4y/ ging cighlander) 3Ai nang s!Ht UUm{{/l (;g%)"
&rnh '4y ;5t 0!? nh, sa!V
\?ng z"B" nh h,~ng c<a ch! ; 8n c 34 ging 5n nang s!Ht c (;g%)
fing (_)
Kh! ; 8n c (6) _U
(ac;s(n)
_B
(cighlander
)
_z
(San iacr(s)
_C
(iedina)
&r!ng 'nh
ch! ; 8n c
6U (z+ ng4y) *l{U/+ Fg *lm@/+ Fg *{CC/l g *{U{/z g **{+/+ K
6B (C{ ng4y) mm+m/+ e @{mz/+ d mll@/+ e lBmB/+ F m*Uz/+ \
6z (*+ ng4y) UUzzl/+ a' UUm{{/l a U+{++/z c U+lmC/z 'c UUUU@/z A
&r!ng 'nh ging m@*{/z \ @C+@/B A m*+m/+ \ mU@z/@ K
Cc trung bnh cng k t khng khc bit c ngha th<ng kA mc xc sut 4Bi ! "#"R ch* ;6u t<
># ;6u t< 3# t9:ng tc >=3C C3 D E#T$G
oK* )C? /F 4ng )+n g*0ng JK ch, G Yn c\ (NC"S -U, )<>ng O-), /3 /Wnh )ng
)Wc SM'ANS JN* T,G2T )2/)(
Kh! ; 8n cV z+da z+ ng4y/ ac;s(n ging c
g,! :V GIONG$15. v XENCOGIONG$20. l4 ghi L d4i t$n nghim th.c ;hi cJ s ;: tE tr$n m"
Z5t 0!? ging nh, phRn mM hJa 'Nng s/ ,2c rt g>n ch( cc phRn 85p nhJm/ s( snh t,-ng
tc &!;ey test nh, sa!V
DATA;
INPUT KHOI XENCO $ GIONG$15. NSUAT XENCOGIONG$20.;
Cards;
1 30!a -ackson 6789 30!a -ackson
1 30!a 2i3h4an!"5 6578 30!a 2i3h4an!"5
1 30!a San Mac5os 6589 30!a San Mac5os
1 30!a M"!ina 6534 30!a M"!ina
2 30!a 2i3h4an!"5 6789 30!a 2i3h4an!"5
zl
2 30!a M"!ina 6500 30!a M"!ina
3 30!a 2i3h4an!"5 7000 30!a 2i3h4an!"5
3 30!a M"!ina 6512 30!a M"!ina
1 45!a 2i3h4an!"5 9500 45!a 2i3h4an!"5
1 45!a M"!ina 6956 45!a M"!ina
2 45!a 2i3h4an!"5 9654 45!a 2i3h4an!"5
2 45!a M"!ina 6956 45!a M"!ina
3 45!a 2i3h4an!"5 9595 45!a 2i3h4an!"5
3 45!a M"!ina 7934 45!a M"!ina
1 60!a 2i3h4an!"5 11999 60!a 2i3h4an!"5
1 60!a M"!ina 10009 60!a M"!ina
2 60!a 2i3h4an!"5 11678 60!a 2i3h4an!"5
2 60!a M"!ina 10999 60!a M"!ina
3 60!a 2i3h4an!"5 11890 60!a 2i3h4an!"5
3 60!a M"!ina 11345 60!a M"!ina
;
proc glm;
class KHOI XENCO GIONG;
model NSUAT = KHOI XENCO KHOI*XENCO GIONG XENCO*GIONG;
test h=XENCO e=KHOI*XENCO;
means XENCO GIONG XENCO*GIONG/lsd alpha=0.05;
lsmeans XENCO*GIONG /pdiff adjust=tukey;
run;

proc GLM;
class KHOI XENCOGIONG;
model NSUAT = KHOI XENCOGIONG;
means XENCOGIONG /Duncan alpha=0.05;
run;
The GL/ Procedure
Class Levels Values
KHOI # ! " #
&6NCO # #)da $da 5)da
GIONG Hi@hlander CacKson /edina San /acros
zm
The GL/ Procedure
%e*endent Varia(le+ NSUAT
Sum of
/odel !1 !##1)114"2 135$!52# $12$! F2)))!
6rror !3 "5!55!2" !#51$42)
78S.uare Coe9 Var 7oot /S6 NSUAT /ean
)243!4"" 2")$!4# #5423)4# 3142!!!
KHOI " 31$###2 #155521 #2") )2)51
&6NCO " !")))524 5)""))#"2 )2# F2)))!
KHOIG&6NCO 5"1!$523 !$51342" !2!$ )2#551
GIONG # 1""#"$2! ")1132 !125! F2)))!
&6NCOGGIONG 5 $!44"2" 1$544321 $2$ )2))"!
KHOI " 31$###2 #155521 #2") )2)51
&6NCO " !")))524 5)""))#"2 )2# F2)))!
KHOIG&6NCO 5"1!$523 !$51342" !2!$ )2#551
GIONG # 1""#"$2! ")1132 !125! F2)))!
&6NCOGGIONG 5 $!44"2" 1$544321 $2$ )2))"!
Tests of H<*otheses Usin@ the T<*e III /S for KHOIG&6NCO as an 6rror Term
&6NCO " !")))524 5)""))#"2 #32)3 F2)))!
The GL/ Procedure
t Tests :LS%; for NSUAT
Al*ha )2)$
Least Si@niAcant %i9erence #!12!3
t Grou*in@ /ean N &6NCO
A !!!!42# !" 5)da
B 35!#2) !" $da
C 55$)2) !" #)da
z@
The GL/ Procedure
t Tests :LS%; for NSUAT
Al*ha )2)$
Least Si@niAcant %i9erence #552"$
t Grou*in@ /ean N GIONG
A 4)42" 4 Hi@hlander
B 345$2# 4 CacKson
B
B 35)32) 4 San /acros
C 3!4#24 4 /edina
The GL/ Procedure
Level of Level of 888888888888NSUAT888888888888
&6NCO GIONG N /ean Std %ev
#)da Hi@hlander # 51342)))) "!!2))))))
#)da CacKson # 51$!2)))) #25431)#
#)da /edina # 5$!$2#### !12"##$5
#)da San /acros # 5$25551 !3!25)33"
$da Hi@hlander # 4$3#2)))) 112543!#
$da CacKson # 33)32)))) 5!2)43"3!
$da /edina # 1"3"2)))) $5253$5#
$da San /acros # 31142)))) 44#2"1)3$4
5)da Hi@hlander # !!3$$25551 !5#2"#)4")
5)da CacKson # !!##12)))) "#2!)"$"
5)da /edina # !)132#### 54#2#353$1
5)da San /acros # !)$))2#### !5)2!541)"
The GL/ Procedure
Least S.uares /eans
AdHustment for /ulti*le Com*arisons+ TuKe<
LS/6AN
&6NCO GIONG NSUAT LS/6AN Num(er
#)da Hi@hlander 51342)))) !
#)da CacKson 51$!2)))) "
#)da /edina 5$!$2#### #
#)da San /acros 5$25551
$da Hi@hlander 4$3#2)))) $
$da CacKson 33)32)))) 5
$da /edina 1"3"2)))) 1
$da San /acros 31142)))) 3
5)da Hi@hlander !!3$$25551 4
5)da CacKson !!##12)))) !)
5)da /edina !)132#### !!
5)da San /acros !)$))2#### !"
Least S.uares /eans for e9ect &6NCOGGIONG
Pr 0 ItI for H)+ LS/ean:i;DLS/ean:H;
C+
iQH ! " # $ 5
! !2)))) )2443! )2444# F2)))! )2)))!
" !2)))) )2444$ )24444 F2)))! )2)))!
# )2443! )2444$ !2)))) F2)))! F2)))!
)2444# )24444 !2)))) F2)))! F2)))!
$ F2)))! F2)))! F2)))! F2)))! )2#5"
5 )2)))! )2)))! F2)))! F2)))! )2#5"
1 )231$$ )23!45 )2#15 )2"3) F2)))! )2))#
3 )2)))" )2)))! F2)))! F2)))! )2#!5" !2))))
4 F2)))! F2)))! F2)))! F2)))! F2)))! F2)))!
!) F2)))! F2)))! F2)))! F2)))! )2)))3 F2)))!
!! F2)))! F2)))! F2)))! F2)))! )2)#) )2)))"
!" F2)))! F2)))! F2)))! F2)))! )2!14 )2))!!
iQH 1 3 4 !) !! !"
! )231$$ )2)))" F2)))! F2)))! F2)))! F2)))!
" )23!45 )2)))! F2)))! F2)))! F2)))! F2)))!
# )2#15 F2)))! F2)))! F2)))! F2)))! F2)))!
)2"3) F2)))! F2)))! F2)))! F2)))! F2)))!
$ F2)))! )2#!5" F2)))! )2)))3 )2)#) )2!14
CU
The GL/ Procedure
Least S.uares /eans
AdHustment for /ulti*le Com*arisons+ TuKe<
iQH 1 3 4 !) !! !"
5 )2))# !2)))) F2)))! F2)))! )2)))" )2))!!
1 )2))" F2)))! F2)))! F2)))! F2)))!
3 )2))" F2)))! F2)))! )2)))! )2)))4
4 F2)))! F2)))! )23#34 )2)1)) )2)!)4
!) F2)))! F2)))! )23#34 )213# )2"54)
!! F2)))! )2)))! )2)1)) )213# )2441
!" F2)))! )2)))4 )2)!)4 )2"54) )2441

The GL/ Procedure
Class Levels Values
KHOI # ! " #
&6NCOGIONG !" #)da Hi@hlander #)da CacKson #)da /edina #)da San /acros $da Hi@hlander
$da CacKson $da /edina $da San /acros 5)da Hi@hlander 5)da CacKson 5)da
/edina 5)da San /acros
The GL/ Procedure
Sum of
/odel !# !##)3)5#$25 !)"#541"2) 1"24! F2)))!
6rror "" #)333!124 !)))23
78S.uare Coe9 Var 7oot /S6 NSUAT /ean
)2411#!5 2"5)3!1 #121)!) 3142!!!
KHOI " 31$###2 #155521 #2!" )2)5#
&6NCOGIONG !! !#"")$#)"2" !")!355#23 3$25) F2)))!
CB
KHOI " 31$###2 #155521 #2!" )2)5#
&6NCOGIONG !! !#"")$#)"2" !")!355#23 3$25) F2)))!
The GL/ Procedure
%uncanJs /ulti*le 7an@e Test for NSUAT
Al*ha )2)$
6rror %e@rees of -reedom ""
6rror /ean S.uare !)))23
Num(er of /eans " # $ 5 1 3 4 !) !! !"
Critical 7an@e 5#2$ 5552" 5352$ 1))23 1!!2# 1!42$ 1"$24 1#!2) 1#$2" 1#325 1!2
%uncan Grou*in@ /ean N &6NCOGIONG
A !!3$$21 # 5)da Hi@hlander
A
B A !!##12) # 5)da CacKson
B
B C !)132# # 5)da /edina
C
C !)$))2# # 5)da San /acros
% 4$3#2) # $da Hi@hlander
6 33)32) # $da CacKson
6
6 31142) # $da San /acros
- 1"3"2) # $da /edina
-
G - 51342) # #)da Hi@hlander
G -
G - 51$!2) # #)da CacKson
G
G 5$21 # #)da San /acros
G
G 5$!$2# # #)da /edina
Z5t 0!? ch( thHy s9 dng t$n 'Nng ch ch( thHy 85p nhJm 6!ncan gr(!ping (nhJm t,-ng
)ng/ h(m(gene(!s gr(!ps (I#KS/ B++l) c<a y5! t ch! ; 8n c 34 ging/ t,-ng tc ch! ;
8n cging ghi r[ t$n ging (ac;s(n) 34 8n c (z+ ng4y)"
S( snh t,-ng tc ma trn geast S0!ares ieans F(r eFFect ch! ; 8n cging c<a s( snh a
t,-ng tc &!;ey test (Ad!stment F(r i!ltiple K(mparis(nsV &!;ey) 34 ch( thHy ;5t 0!? ging
nh, s( snh 6!nnett testV t,-ng tc ch! ; 8n c z+ ng4y 3Ai ging cighlander/ ac;s(n/
iedina/ San iacr(s 34 ch! ; 8n c C{ ng4y 34 ging iedina ?nh h,~ng t,-ng tc nh,
nha! 5n nang s!Ht c/ cn lGi cc t,-ng tc ;hc O! ?nh h,~ng Lc lp 5n nang s!Ht c (8c
s!Ht c<a t,-ng tc p d +/+{ l4 cJ ?nh h,~ng nh, nha! p +/+{ l4 cJ ?nh h,~ng Lc lp (SAS/
B++C)"
KJ nhiO! ph,-ng php s( snh t,-ng tc a 'i5n nh, \(n/ 6!nnett/ &!;ey/ Sida;Y &!y nhi$n
tr(ng 89 l: thng ;$/ chP ch>n mLt cch s( snh t,-ng tc lsmeans ch! ; 8n cging l4
,2c/ nh, 6!nnett test"
Cz
8(O( Th6 ngh*17 lX /c (/)<*? ?l3))
&h nghim ' tr cJ mLt y5! t g)m mLt dMy cc c- s~ tr(ng mLt ;hi the( mLt h,Ang tr(ng
;hi/ 34 y5! t th. hai cng g)m mLt dMy cc c~ the( mLt h,Ang ;hc tr(ng ;hi"
Ih, 3y cJ mLt y5! t the( h,Ang d>c (3ertical) 34 y5! t th. hai the( h,Ang ngang
(h(ri(ntal)" Kc c- s~ tr(ng ;hi ,2c ' tr ngQ! nhi$n" Strip pl(t 3Ai ' tr c 'it cn
g>i l4 splitj'l(c; design" &h nghim p dng ch( c- s~ lAn 34 li$n tc/ 3 c- s~ nh ;hJ
thEc hin"
KRn tr=c nghim gi? thi5t ?nh h,~ng c<a ;hi 3Ai y5! t A/ ?nh h,~ng c<a ;hi 3Ai y5! t \"
test hA eZc^sA
test h\ eZc^s\
\4i tpV th nghim ' tr ;hi (Zc^s) #K\6 tnh nang s!Ht la mGch (;g% c- s~) l4m
th.c an gia sc/ 'Jn phn ;ali (Z) cJ 'a nghim th.c V ZU + ;g%ha/ ZB B{ ;g%ha 34 Zz
{+ ;g%ha" ehn ln (e) cJ hai nghim th.cV eU B{ ;g%ha/ eB {+ ;g%ha" \Jn Z chGy d>c h5t
'a " &r$n cc 'Jn Z/ 'Jn e chGy d>c the( gJc thng (phng the( eetersen/ U@@C)"
S- ) th nghim nh, sa!V
x8 x1 x- x1 x8 x- x- x1 x8
P1 {* zB C@ P- zm *B {+ P- {C CC {U
P- *l {C {m P1 {B lB *C P1 *z {C *m
xh0* 1 xh0* - xh0* 8
data;
input KHOI $ K $ P $ Y;
cards;
1 1 1 32
1 1 2 54
1 2 1 49
1 2 2 58
1 3 1 56
1 3 2 67
2 1 1 38
2 1 2 52
2 2 1 50
2 2 2 64
2 3 1 62
2 3 2 72
3 1 1 44
3 1 2 54
3 2 1 54
3 2 2 63
3 3 1 51
3 3 2 68
CC
;
proc glm;
class KHOI K P;
model Y = KHOI K KHOI*K P KHOI*P K*P;
test h=K e=KHOI*K;
test h=P e=KHOI*P;
means K P K*P/lsd alpha=0.01;
lsmeans K/pdiff adjust=dunnett alpha=0.01;
title`ST7IP PLOT P !"SE
run;
ST7IP PLOT P !"
The GL/ Procedure
Class Levels Values
KHOI # ! " #
K # ! " #
P " ! "
ST7IP PLOT P !"
The GL/ Procedure
Sum of
/odel !# !1152333334 !#5253#15! 425! )2)")4
6rror $52333334 !2""""""
Corrected Total !1 !3##2111113
)2453411 5231)51# #211!"#5 $233334
KHOI " $21111113 ""23333334 !25! )2#)1)
K " 33$21111113 "23333334 #!2! )2))#5
KHOIGK 132""""""" !42$$$$$$5 !2#3 )2#3"5
P ! 112$$$$$$5 112$$$$$$5 $"2$5 )2))!4
KHOIGP " #2!!!!!!! !2$$$$$$5 )2!! )2344)
KGP " !52 32""""""" )2$3 )25)!3
KHOI " $21111113 ""23333334 !25! )2#)1)
K " 33$21111113 "23333334 #!2! )2))#5
KHOIGK 132""""""" !42$$$$$$5 !2#3 )2#3"5
P ! 112$$$$$$5 112$$$$$$5 $"2$5 )2))!4
KHOIGP " #2!!!!!!! !2$$$$$$5 )2!! )2344)
KGP " !52 32""""""" )2$3 )25)!3

Tests of H<*otheses Usin@ the T<*e III /S for KHOIGK as an 6rror Term
K " 33$21111113 "23333334 ""25$ )2))55

Tests of H<*otheses Usin@ the T<*e III /S for KHOIGP as an 6rror Term
C{
P ! 112$$$$$$5 112$$$$$$5 3)2$1 )2))"!
ST7IP PLOT P !"
The GL/ Procedure
t Tests :LS%; for ,
Al*ha )2)!
6rror %e@rees of -reedom
6rror /ean S.uare !2"""""
Critical Value of t 25))4
Least Si@niAcant %i9erence !)2)"$
t Grou*in@ /ean N K
A 5"2551 5 #
A
A $52### 5 "
B $2551 5 !
ST7IP PLOT P !"
The GL/ Procedure
t Tests :LS%; for ,
Al*ha )2)!
6rror %e@rees of -reedom
6rror /ean S.uare !2"""""
Critical Value of t 25))4
Least Si@niAcant %i9erence 32!3$!
t Grou*in@ /ean N P
A 5!2### 4 "
B 32 4 !
ST7IP PLOT P !"
The GL/ Procedure
Level of Level of 88888888888888,88888888888888
K P N /ean Std %ev
! ! # #32))))))) 52))))))))
! " # $#2####### !2!$1))$
" ! # $!2))))))) "25$1$!#!
" " # 5!25555551 #2"!$$)"$
# ! # $52####### $2$)1$1)$$
# " # 542))))))) "25$1$!#!
ST7IP PLOT P !"
The GL/ Procedure
Least S.uares /eans
H)+LS/eanD
Control
K , LS/6AN Pr 0 ItI
! $25555551
" $52####### )2)!#3
# 5"25555551 )2))"$
C*
\?ng z"z" nh h,~ng c<a phn Z 34 e 5n nang s!Ht la mGch (;g%)
ehn Z
ehn e ZU
(+ ;g%ha)
ZB
(B{ ;g%ha)
Zz
({+ ;g%ha)
&r!ng 'nh
phn e
eU (B{ ;g%ha) zm/++ {U/++ {*/zz Cm/CC \
eB ({+ ;g%ha) {z/zz *U/*l *@/++ *U/zz A
&r!ng 'nh phn Z C{/*l \ {*/zz A *B/*l A
Cc trung bnh cng k t khng khc bit c ngha th<ng kA mc xc sut 4Bi ! "#"$C C3DV#WFG%
G*I* )h6ch@ 3 ;hng cJ t,-ng tc Z 34 e/ cRn gi?i thch t,-ng tc tr(ng y5! t Z 34 e"
j t5p nhJm y5! t l,2ng ln (e) 3Ai hai tr!ng 'nh the( ;: tE cJ hai nhJm l4 A 34 \" t5p
nhJm y5! t l,2ng Z 3Ai 'a tr!ng 'nh the( ;: tE cJ hai nhJm l4 A 34 \"
j Zhng cJ ?nh h,~ng ;hi 5n y5! t l,2ng Z ( U/zm 3Ai p +/zmB*) 34 l,2ng e( +/UU
3Ai p +/m@@)" g,2ng phn Z 34 e ;hng cJ ?nh h,~ng t,-ng tc 5n nang s!Ht ( +/{m 3Ai
p +/*+Um)"
j S( snh t,-ng tc cc tr!ng 'nh y5! t l,2ng Z the( gi trX 8c s!Ht p cc tr!ng 'nh nghim
th.c ch( thHy ZU (+ ;g%ha) ?nh h,~ng Lc lp 3Ai ZB (B{ ;g%ha) (p +/+Uzm) 34 Zz (p
+/++B{)/ tr(ng J nghim th.c Zz({+ ;g%ha) ?nh h,~ng t,-ng tc lAn nhHt 5n nang s!Ht la
mGch (*B/*l ;g%ha)"
j Ighim th.c l,2ng ln eB ({+ ;g%ha) ch( nang s!Ht *U/zz ;g%ha/ ;hc 'it cJ nghba 3Ai
eU(B{ ;g%ha)"
8(R( Th6 ngh*17 S> TP, )0 (8 :>c)3</a-
8
)
&h nghim thEc hin s( snh t,-ng tc )ng thTi nhiO! y5! t nh, ging/ l,2ng phn 'Jn/
h( chHt ph!n/ ;h(?ng cch gie( tr)ng gi?m chi ph 34 thTi gian ;h?( st/ nh,ng cRn din
tch lAn" &h nghim 'a y5! t l4 th nghim can '?n ;h?( st t,-ng tc c<a 'a y5! t"
\4i tp s( snh cc gi trX tr!ng 'nh 34 t,-ng tc 'a y5! t (phng the( Kle7er/ B++U)"
&h nghim g)m 'n ;hi (Zc)/ hai l,2ng Gm I (IU ;hng 'Jn Gm/ IB 'Jn Gm)/ hai
ging la m _ (_U/ _B)/ hai l,2ng phn Z (ZU ;hng 'Jn Z/ ZB 'Jn Z) ?nh h,~ng nang
s!Ht (/ tHn%ha)"
S- ) ' tr th nghim 3Ai &U IU_UZU/ """"&m IB_BZB nh, sa!V
Zhi
U
IU_UZU IB_UZB IU_BZU IB_BZU Zh
i U
&U &* &z &l
IU_UZB IB_UZU IB_BZB IU_BZB &B &{ &m &C
Zhi
B
IB_UZU IU_UZB IB_UZB IU_BZU Zh
i B
&{ &B &* &z
IU_UZU IB_BZU IU_BZB IB_BZB &U &l &C &m
Zhi
z
IU_BZB IB_BZB IB_UZU IU_BZU Zh
i z
&C &m &{ &z
IB_UZB IU_UZU IB_BZU IU_UZB &* &U &l &B
Zhi
C
IB_BZU IB_UZU IB_UZB IB_BZB Zh
i C
&l &{ &* &m
IU_UZB IU_UZU IU_BZU IU_BZB &B &U &z &C

&m nghim th.c cJ th ' tr nh, sa!V
Cl
&UV IU _U ZU/ ;hng 'Jn phn ch( ging _U
&BV IU _U ZB/ 'Jn phn Z ch( ging _U
&zV IU _B ZU/ ;hng 'Jn phn ch( ging _B
&CV IU _B ZB/ 'Jn phn Z ch( ging _B
&{V IB _U ZU/ 'Jn phn I ch( ging _U
&*V IB _U ZB/ 'Jn phn Z 34 I ch( ging _U
&lV IB _B ZU/ 'Jn phn I ch( ging _B
&mV IB _B ZB/ 'Jn phn Z 34 I ch( ging _B
g,! :V Z5t 0!? 89 l: '?ng phn tch ph,-ng sai y5! t I_Z 3Ai tm gi trX tr!ng 'nh tD &U
5n &m (y5! t I B 8 y5! t _ B 8 y5! t Z B cJ tm tr!ng 'nh t,-ng tc) 85p nhJm/
sW cJ L tE d( (dF) 34 t1ng 'nh ph,-ng (SS/ S!m (F S0!ares) 'Nng t1ng dF 34 SS c<a y5! t
I/ y5! t _/ y5! t Z/ t,-ng tc I_/ IZ/ _Z 34 I_Z cLng lGi (Kle7er/ B++U)"
DATA;
input KH N V K NVK $ Y;
CARDS;
1 1 1 1 )1%1K1 4
1 1 1 2 )1%1K2 4.5
1 1 2 1 )1%2K1 5.2
1 1 2 2 )1%2K2 6.4
1 2 1 1 )2%1K1 4.8
1 2 1 2 )2%1K2 5.8
1 2 2 1 )2%2K1 5.3
1 2 2 2 )2%2K2 7
2 1 1 1 )1%1K1 3.9
2 1 1 2 )1%1K2 4.9
2 1 2 1 )1%2K1 5.4
2 1 2 2 )1%2K2 8
2 2 1 1 )2%1K1 5.2
2 2 1 2 )2%1K2 5
2 2 2 1 )2%2K1 6.1
2 2 2 2 )2%2K2 7.4
3 1 1 1 )1%1K1 5
3 1 1 2 )1%1K2 4.3
3 1 2 1 )1%2K1 4.4
3 1 2 2 )1%2K2 7.8
3 2 1 1 )2%1K1 5.2
3 2 1 2 )2%1K2 6.6
3 2 2 1 )2%2K1 7.6
3 2 2 2 )2%2K2 7.8
4 1 1 1 )1%1K1 4.3
4 1 1 2 )1%1K2 5.1
4 1 2 1 )1%2K1 4.2
4 1 2 2 )1%2K2 7.4
4 2 1 1 )2%1K1 5.6
4 2 1 2 )2%1K2 5.8
4 2 2 1 )2%2K1 6.6
4 2 2 2 )2%2K2 7.4
;
PROC GLM;
CLASS KH N V K;
Cm
MODEL Y = KH N|V|K;
MEANS N|V|K / LSD ALPHA=0.01;
LSMEANS V*K / PDIFF=CONTROL ADJUST=DUNNETT;
LSMEANS N*V*K / PDIFF=CONTROL ADJUST=DUNNETT;
TITLE `NANG SUAT LUA MI';
RUN;
PROC GLM;
CLASS KH NVK;
MODEL Y = KH NVK;
MEANS NVK / DUNCAN ALPHA=0.05;
RUN;
(fhiV I_Z t,-ng ,-ng 3Ai I _ Z I_ IZ _Z I_Z)

j t9 l: thng ;$ AI^_A tr,Ac/ sa! J 85p nhJm 34 tnh t,-ng tc ;hi cc 'i5n s 34 t,-ng
tc cJ nghba 3Ai p +/+{" Sa! ;hi M 8em ;5t 0!? 85p nhJm cc tr!ng 'nh c<a nghim th.c
I/_/ Z/ tnh t,-ng tc gSi]AIS c<a _Z 34 I_Z"
NANG SUAT LUA /I
The GL/ Procedure
Class Levels Values
KH ! " #
N " ! "
V " ! "
K " ! "
Num(er of o(servations #"
NANG SUAT LUA /I
The GL/ Procedure
Sum of
/odel !) #2!11$)))) 2#!11$))) !2#) F2)))!
6rror "! 52#"$)))) )2#)")"#3!
Corrected Total #! 42$"))))))
)231!4") 42$$1535 )2$4$51 $21$))))
KH # "2)$1$)))) )253$3#### "2"1 )2!)44
N ! 523)))))) 523)))))) "!25 )2)))!
V ! !32)))))))) !32)))))))) $425) F2)))!
NGV ! )2)3)))))) )2)3)))))) )2"5 )25!""
K ! !)2$3)))))) !)2$3)))))) #$2)# F2)))!
NGK ! )243)))))) )243)))))) #2" )2)35)
VGK ! #2#3)))))) #2#3)))))) !!2!4 )2))#!
NGVGK ! !25")))))) !25")))))) $2#5 )2)#)3

C@
KH # "2)$1$)))) )253$3#### "2"1 )2!)44
N ! 523)))))) 523)))))) "!25 )2)))!
V ! !32)))))))) !32)))))))) $425) F2)))!
NGV ! )2)3)))))) )2)3)))))) )2"5 )25!""
K ! !)2$3)))))) !)2$3)))))) #$2)# F2)))!
NGK ! )243)))))) )243)))))) #2" )2)35)
VGK ! #2#3)))))) #2#3)))))) !!2!4 )2))#!
NGVGK ! !25")))))) !25")))))) $2#5 )2)#)3
NANG SUAT LUA /I
The GL/ Procedure
t Tests :LS%; for ,
Al*ha )2)!
6rror %e@rees of -reedom "!
6rror /ean S.uare )2#)")"
Critical Value of t "23#!#5
Least Si@niAcant %i9erence )2$$)!
t Grou*in@ /ean N N
A 52"))) !5 "
B $2#))) !5 !
NANG SUAT LUA /I
The GL/ Procedure
t Tests :LS%; for ,
Al*ha )2)!
t Grou*in@ /ean N V
A 52$))) !5 "
B $2)))) !5 !
NANG SUAT LUA /I
The GL/ Procedure
Level of Level of 88888888888888,88888888888888
N V N /ean Std %ev
! ! 3 2$))))))) )2$5545"!
! " 3 52!))))))) !2$!$5#"3"
" ! 3 $2$))))))) )2$1$543##
" " 3 524))))))) )23$#$5#45
NANG SUAT LUA /I
The GL/ Procedure
t Tests :LS%; for ,
{+
Al*ha )2)!
t Grou*in@ /ean N K
A 52#"$) !5 "
B $2!1$) !5 !
NANG SUAT LUA /I
The GL/ Procedure
Level of Level of 88888888888888,88888888888888
N K N /ean Std %ev
! ! 3 2$$)))))) )2$1)1!#3
! " 3 52)$)))))) !2$#$"434$
" ! 3 $23))))))) )24""1$13
" " 3 525))))))) )241414$4)
Level of Level of 88888888888888,88888888888888
V K N /ean Std %ev
! ! 3 21$)))))) )25!31$$!
! " 3 $2"$)))))) )215$#!41#
" ! 3 $25))))))) !2!#)!)1$
" " 3 12))))))) )2$!"54$45
Level of Level of Level of 88888888888888,88888888888888
N V K N /ean Std %ev
! ! ! 2#))))))) )2455$$3
! ! " 21))))))) )2#5$!3#1
! " ! 23))))))) )2$3313)5
! " " 12))))))) )21!!3)$""
" ! ! $2"))))))) )2#"5$435#
" ! " $23))))))) )25$#!41"5
" " ! 52))))))) )245"5#$"1
" " " 12))))))) )2#"5$435#
NANG SUAT LUA /I
The GL/ Procedure
Least S.uares /eans
H)+LS/eanD
Control
V K , LS/6AN Pr 0 ItI
! ! 21$))))))
! " $2"$)))))) )2!4$5
" ! $25))))))) )2)!3
" " 12))))))) F2)))!
NANG SUAT LUA /I
The GL/ Procedure
Least S.uares /eans
H)+LS/eanD
{U
Control
N V K , LS/6AN Pr 0 ItI
! ! ! 2#)))))))
! ! " 21))))))) )23#5
! " ! 23))))))) )251)$
! " " 12))))))) F2)))!
" ! ! $2"))))))) )2!"3
" ! " $23))))))) )2))$#
" " ! 52))))))) )2)))!
" " " 12))))))) F2)))!
NANG SUAT LUA /I
The GL/ Procedure
Class Levels Values
KH ! " #
NVK 3 N!V!K! N!V!K" N!V"K! N!V"K" N"V!K! N"V!K" N"V"K! N"V"K"
Num(er of o(servations #"
NANG SUAT LUA /I
The GL/ Procedure
Sum of
/odel !) #2!11$)))) 2#!11$))) !2#) F2)))!
6rror "! 52#"$)))) )2#)")"#3!
Corrected Total #! 42$"))))))
)231!4") 42$$1535 )2$4$51 $21$))))
KH # "2)$1$)))) )253$3#### "2"1 )2!)44
NVK 1 !2!")))))) $231"3$1! !42$ F2)))!

KH # "2)$1$)))) )253$3#### "2"1 )2!)44
NVK 1 !2!")))))) $231"3$1! !42$ F2)))!
NANG SUAT LUA /I
The GL/ Procedure
Al*ha )2)$
Num(er of /eans " # $ 5 1 3
Critical 7an@e 23)3! 233 231! 234"! 24)$ 24!$5 24"#5
%uncan Grou*in@ /ean N NVK
{B
A 12))) N!V"K"
A
A 12))) N"V"K"
B 52))) N"V"K!
B
C B $23))) N"V!K"
C
C % $2"))) N"V!K!
%
6 % 23))) N!V"K!
6 %
6 % 21))) N!V!K"
6
6 2#))) N!V!K!
Cch trnh b5; 4Bi b< tr( th( nghim nhiPu ;6u t<# cXn gi@i th(ch cYn c 45* s* snh t9:ng tc
Z7m-ans [u,ti,- C*maris*n >unn-tt \h*]c &uk-;^ hXn trAn 45 trnh b5; k6t ?u@ nh9
sau:
\?ng z"C" Iang s!Ht la m (tHn%ha) ?nh h,~ng '~i 'Jn I 34 Z
fing la (_)
_U _B
IU (;hng I) IB ('Jn I) IU (;hng I) IB ('Jn I) &r!ng 'nh Z
ZU(;hng Z) C/z e {/B cd C/m de */C ' {/Um \
ZB ('Jn Z) C/l de {/m 'c U,M > U,M > */zz A
&r!ng 'nh I {/z \ */B A
&r!ng 'nh _ _U _B
{/+ \ */{ A
Ghi ch: cc trM c cng k t khng khc bit c ngha mc xc sut 4Bi ;6u t< 1: !"#"$#
;6u t< 3: !"#"$# ;6u t< _: !"#"$C t9:ng tc 3=_: !"#"$# t9:ng tc 1=3=_: !"#"RC
C3 D `#RVG%
fi?i thchV j t5p nhJm cc gi trX tr!ng 'nh nghim th.c t,-ng tc c<a y5! t I_Z ~ m.c p
+/+{ chia l4m nam nhJm l4 A/ \ / K/ 6 34 ]/ tr(ng J ch( thHy nang s!Ht la Gt ca( nhHt
l4 l/C tHn%ha 34 thHp nhHt l4 C/z tHn%ha"
j &,-ng tc I_Z cJ nghba ( {/z* 3Ai p +/+z+m)/ t,-ng tc _Z rHt cJ nghba
( UU/U@ 3Ai p +/++zU)" Zhng cJ t,-ng tc IZ ( z/BC 3Ai p +/+m*) 34 I_ (
+/B* 3Ai p +/*UBB)" Zhng cJ ?nh h,~ng c<a ;hi ( B/Bl 3Ai p +/U+@@)"
j &,-ng tc I_Z 3Ai s( snh gi trX p cc tr!ng 'nh t,-ng tc the( 6!nnett ch(
thHy t,-ng tc IU_UZU (cJ nang s!Ht thHp nhHt l4 C/z tHn%ha) ?nh h,~ng nh, nha! 3Ai cc
t,-ng tc IU_UZB (p +/mz*C)/ IU_BZU (p +/*l+{) 34 IB_UZU (p +/UCBm)"
j &,-ng tc cJ ?nh h,~ng nang s!Ht ca( 34 Lc lp l4 IB_BZB (ging _B 'Jn I 34
Z) 3Ai nang s!Ht l/C tHn%ha (p +/++U)/ IU_BZB (ging _B 'Jn Z) nang s!Ht l/C tHn%ha (p
+/++U) 34 IB_BZU (ging _B 'Jn I) nang s!Ht */C tHn%ha (p +/++U)"
j &,-ng tc _Z 3Ai s( snh gi trX p cc tr!ng 'nh the( 6!nnett 3Ai _UZU (ging
_U ;hng 'Jn Z) cJ nang s!Ht thHp nhHt l4 C/l{ ;g%ha/ ?nh h,~ng ging nh, t,-ng tc _UZB
(ging _U ;hng 'Jn Z) nang s!Ht {/B{ tHn%ha (p +/U@{*)" &,-ng tc cJ ?nh h,~ng r[ nhHt
34 Lc lp 5n nang s!Ht ca( nhHt (l/C tHn%ha) l4 t,-ng tc _BZB (ging _B 'Jn Z) 3Ai p
+/++U 34 _BZU (_B ;hng 'Jn Z) nang s!Ht {/* tHn%ha (p +/+UCm)"

{z
&r(ng mLt s tr,Tng h2p/ '?ng t,-ng tc c<a tm tr!ng 'nh nghim th.c c<a th
nghim 'a y5! t ,2c trnh '4y the( 'i! ) nh, sa! (the( Kle7er/ B++U)
\i! ) z"U" Iang s!Ht hai ging la m d( ?nh h,~ng c<a l,2ng Gm (I) 34 ;ali (Z)
z"l" Kc lnh (SAS K(de) 89 l: s li! tnh ph,-ng sai (AI^_A) thng dng
hy l4 phRn lit ;$ mLt s cch 89 l: tnh ph,-ng sai th,Tng dng/ 3Ai ;: tE 34 ch
d s9 dng" &!y nhi$n SAS cJ th dng t$n d4i h-n 34 ty th nghim cJ th thay 1i rHt
linh Lng cc ch n4y/ ngay c? t$n cc nghim th.c ,2c nhp 34( tr(ng h4ng/ cJ th
s9a 1i ty :(
j fhi ch ;: tE 34 ch ch( d lp trnh/ ;hng c.ng nh=c 3 SAS hi! 34 89 l: ,2c cc tD"
fhi 'i5n s ~ phRn snp!t 34
89 l: er(c
fi?i thch nLi d!ng
A/\/K/""" 5! t th nghimV y5! t A/ y5! t K
A\/ A\K &,-ng tc gia hai y5! t A 34 \/ 'a y5! t A 3Ai \ 34 K
KhP ti$! the( d[i nh, nang s!Ht/ chiO! ca( cyY
& Ighim th.c p dng ch( th nghim mLt y5! t
Z Zhi
#ep gp lGi n5! ;hng ' tr the( ;hi
cang/ K(t c4ng 34 cLt (;i! 3!ng ga tin)
6diem hXa im/ n-i thEc hin th nghim
j ehn tch ph,-ng sai cJ th p dng cch 89 l: nh, e#^K AI^_A/ nh,ng ;hi m!n
s( snh cc l thi5! h(c s( snh t,-ng tc cc y5! t/ th,Tng s9 dng e#^K fgi/
h(c e#^K ist]6" Kc lnh Ry < nhp 'i5n/ nhp s li!/ 89 l: AI^_A/ 85p
hGng cc tr!ng 'nh c<a ;i! #K\6 34 tnh t,-ng tc nh, sa! ('?ng s li! ,2c rt
g>n)V
#K\6 mLt y5! t/ s( snh cc tr!ng 'nh #K\6 l ph/ s( snh t,-ng tc cc tr!ng 'nh
data;
input K $ T $ Y;
cards;
1 A 9
Data;
Input K $ D $ V $ DV $ Y;
cards;
1 1 1 D1%1 6789
{C
2 B 14.6
3 C 18.3
...
;
proc anova;
class K T;
model Y = K T;
means T /duncan alpha=0.01;
title 'Thi nghiem 1 yeu to RCBD';
run;
1 1 2 D1%2 6578
1 1 3 D1%3 6589
1 1 4 D1%4 6534
...
;
proc glm;
class K D V;
model Y = K D K*V V D*V;
test h=D e=K*V;
means D V D*V/lsd alpha=0.05;
lsmeans D*V/pdiff=control
adjust=dunnett;
run;
proc glm;
class K DV;
model Y = K DV;
means DV/Duncan alpha=0.05;
run;
fhi chV
j ehRn lnh nhp s li! ph?i cJ tr,Ac ;hi nhp s li! nh,V
data
inp!t Z &
cards
j Kh!yn s li! tD File e8cel 34("
j &y the( ;5t 0!? c<a '?ng phn tch AI^_A/ cc cch 85p nhJm means 3Ai gS6/
6!ncan/ alpha +/+{ hay +/+U 34 s( snh t,-ng tc nh, lsmeans 6_%pdiFFc(ntr(l
ad!std!nnett ,2c '1 s!ng 34( phRn lnh 89 l:/ tr,Ac h4ng r!n
Kc cch 89 l: AI^_A (phng the( Scha'en'erger/ B+++) nh, sa! V
8(U( 1( x*e, h3Kn )3Kn ng=, nh*+n@ C37?l2)2lT ">n437*m24 s2/*gn (C"s)

C"s h>* TP, )0
pr(c glm
class A \
m(del A \ A\
means A \ A\
r!n
{{
C"s cZ l]T 7=,
proc glm;
class Rep T;
model Y = Rep(T) T;
test h=T e=Rep(T);
means T;
r!n
C"s GhXng l]T 7=,
proc anova;
class T;
model Y = T;
means T;
run;
C"s S> TP, )0 cZ )ng )Wc cWc TP, )0
pr(c glm
class A \ K
m(del A \ K A\ AK \K A\K
means A \ K A\ AK \K A\K
r!n
h(c s9 dng thanh .ng A \ K
A \ K A\ AK A\K
pr(c glm
class A \ K
m(del A \ K
means A \ K
r!n

8(U( -( xh0* D}T D[ h3Kn )3Kn ng=, nh*+n@ ">n437*m24 C37?l2)2 ol3cG s2/*gn/
("Cos) JN* Inh hlng Gh0* c0 Dgnh
GM MIX's
proc glm;
class K T;
model Y = K T;
means T;
run;
proc mixed;
class K T;
model Y = K T;
means T;
run;
"Cos GhI3 /W) Inh hlng c[> Gh0* ng=, nh*+n
GM MIX's
proc glm;
class K T;
model Y = K T;
lsmeans T / pdiff stderr;

run;
proc mixed;
class K T;
model Y = K T;
lsmeans T / pdiff stderr;
random K;
run;

fhi chV stderr (standard err(r)/ sai s ch!n pdiFFV ;hc 'it 8c s!Ht p"
CWc )h6 ngh*17 S0 )<6 l nh*, Dg> D*e7 (&ree r!it #esearch and ]8tensi(n Kenter/ B+++)
proc glm;
class ddiem K T;
model Y = ddiem ddiem(K) T T*ddiem ;
test h = ddiem e = ddiem(K);
means T;
run;
CWc )h6 ngh*17 S0 )<6 JN* nh*, )h* g*>n
proc glm;
class tgian K T;
model Y = tgian tgian(K) T T* tgian ;
{*
test h = tgian e = tgian(K);
means T;
run;
xh0* GhXng D}T D[ JN* Gh0* c0 Dgnh@ Inc37?l2)2 ol3cG s2/*gn/ (Ios)
proc glm;
class K T;
model Y = K T;
lsmeans T/ pdiff stderr;
run;
x*e, X J,Xng > )*n@ >)*n SQ,><2 s2/*gn/
proc glm;
class Hang Cot T;
model Y = Hang Cot T;
means T;
run;
x*e, lX ?h cZ Gh0* c0 Dgnh, lX ch6nh A, S?l*)iPl3) s2/*gn/ (SPs)
GM MIX's
proc glm;
class K A B;
model Y = K A K*A B A*B;
test h=A e=K*A;
means A B A*B;
run;
proc mixed;
class K A B;
model Y = K A K*A B A*B/
ddfm=satterth;
random K*A;
means A B A*B;
run;
fhi chV MOs' c[> MIX's )6nh Dt )B 43 (degrees (F Freed(m) the( ph,-ng php
Satterth7aite"
x*e, lX /c c0 Dgnh l}n ln? l9*, S?l*)iol3cG (S)<*?iPl3)) (Sos)
GM MIX's
proc glm;
class K A B;
model y = K A K*A B K*B A*B;
test h = A e=K*A;
test h = B e=K*B;
means A B A*B;
run;
proc mixed;
class K A B;
model y = K A B A*B
/ddfm=satterth ;
random K*A K*B;
means A B A*B;
run;
{l
x*e, Gh0* D}T D[ ng=, nh*+n "Cos S> TP, )0 cZ )ng )Wc cWc TP, )0
pr(c glm
class Z A \ K
m(del Z A \ K A\ AK \K A\K
means A \ K A\ AK A\K
r!n
h(c s9 dng thanh .ng A \ K A \ K A\ AK A\K
pr(c glm
class Z A \ K
m(del Z A \ K
means A \ K
r!n
x*e, Gh0* D}T D[ ng=, nh*+n "Cos 8 TP, )0 S0 )<6 lX ?h (three way factorial
one split,khng phi split plit plot), lX ch6nh ALo, lX ?h C(
pr(c glm
class Z A \ K
m(del Z A \ A\ ZA\ K AK \K A\K
test h a e ZA\
test h ' e ZiA\
test ha' e ZA\
means A B C A*B A*C B*C A*B*C;
r!n
x*e, Gh0* D}T D[ ng=, nh*+n "Cos S> TP, )0 S0 )<6 lX ?h (three way
factorial one split,khng phi split plit plot),lX ch6nh A, lX ?h
oLC(
pr(c glm
class Z A \ K
m(del y Z A ZA \ A\ K AK \K A\K
test hA eZA
means A B C A*B A*C B*C A*B*C;
r!n
x*e, lX ?h c[> lX ?h@ S?l*)iS?l*)iPl3) s2/*gn (SSPs)
GM MIX's
proc glm;
class K A B C;
model y = K A K*A
B A*B K*A*B
C A*C B*C
A*B*C;
proc mixed;
class K A B C;
model y = K A
B A*B
C A*C B*C A*B*C ;
random K*A K*A*B;
{m
test h=A e=K*A;
test h=B e=K*A*B;
test h=A*B e=K*A*B;
means A B C A*B A*C A*B*C;
run;
means A B C A*B A*C A*B*C;
run;
x*e, S)<*? S?l*) Pl3) (\arnard/ U@@C)
(ghi chV s(ilV l(Gi Ht/ FertV phn 'Jn/ caV calci!mV 3i)
pr(c an(3a
class rep s(il Fert ca
m(del y rep Fert Fertrep ca caFert repFertca s(il reps(il Ferts(il repFerts(il
s(ilca s(ilFertca
test hFert erepFert
test hca Fertca erepFertca
test hs(il ereps(il
test hFerts(il erepFerts(il
means Fert ca s(il caFert
run;
{@
Chng M
TNH GI T" T"#NG oNH, TiT'ST, CHIioNH PHNG
TNG #AN V& HI #I

M(1( T6nh g*W )<g )<,ng SAnh JK Dt l1ch ch,vn
\4i tp ch< OV thng ;$ m t? tnh gi trX tr!ng 'nh (i]AI) 34 L lch ch!n (S6/ S&6/
standard de3iati(n) c<a th nghim ;hi Ry < ngQ! nhi$n/ 'a ;hi c<a Uz ging c ;: hi! l4
CC+{/ Cz**""" Zh?( st 'a chP ti$! l4 tP l n?y mRm (&gIiAi)/ im c,Tng lEc (3ig(r/
KgSK) 34 im ;h? nang s?n 8!Ht hGt (StcA&)" g,! :V Z l4 ;hi/ gi trX n4y chP ghi the(
;hi/ ;hng dng phn tch m t? (phng the( '4i tp thng ;$ m t?/ I#KS/ B++l)"
data A;
input K GIONG $ TLNMAM CLUC SXHAT;
cards;
1 4405 39 6 6
1 4366 100 7 6
1 4356 90 6 5
1 4414 100 5 5
1 2275 56 7 5
1 4386 100 7 6
1 4432 98 5 6
1 4361 100 5 4
1 4365 75 7 5
1 4456 100 4 5
1 4430 88 6 6
1 4376 100 5 6
1 1261 100 6 7
2 4405 56 5 6
2 4366 98 7 5
2 4356 100 5 7
2 4414 100 6 6
2 2275 89 4 4
2 4386 98 7 6
2 4432 89 8 8
2 4361 100 4 5
2 4365 85 5 7
2 4456 95 5 3
2 4430 90 6 5
2 4376 100 9 4
2 1261 100 7 6
3 4405 65 6 4
3 4366 90 5 5
3 4356 100 4 6
3 4414 100 8 4
3 2275 85 7 5
3 4386 93 6 3
3 4432 88 4 5
3 4361 100 4 6
3 4365 88 8 7
3 4456 100 8 4
3 4430 93 5 7
3 4376 100 5 8
*C
3 1261 98 6 9
;
proc sort;
by GIONG;
proc means data=A noprint;
var TLNMAM CLUC SXHAT;
by GIONG;
output out=newA;
proc print data=newA;
run;
The SAS S<stem
O(s GIONG TT,P6T T-76NT TSTATT TLN/A/ CLUC S&HAT
! !"5! ) # N #2))) #2))))) #2)))))
" !"5! ) # /IN 432))) 52))))) 52)))))
# !"5! ) # /A& !))2))) 12))))) 42)))))
!"5! ) # /6AN 442### 52##### 12#####
$ !"5! ) # ST% !2!$$ )2$11#$ !2$"1$#
5 ""1$ ) # N #2))) #2))))) #2)))))
1 ""1$ ) # /IN $52))) 2))))) 2)))))
3 ""1$ ) # /A& 342))) 12))))) $2)))))
4 ""1$ ) # /6AN 152551 52))))) 255551
!) ""1$ ) # ST% !32))4 !21#")$ )2$11#$
!! #$5 ) # N #2))) #2))))) #2)))))
!" #$5 ) # /IN 4)2))) 2))))) $2)))))
!# #$5 ) # /A& !))2))) 52))))) 12)))))
! #$5 ) # /6AN 452551 $2))))) 52)))))
!$ #$5 ) # ST% $211 !2))))) !2)))))
!5 #5! ) # N #2))) #2))))) #2)))))
!1 #5! ) # /IN !))2))) 2))))) 2)))))
!3 #5! ) # /A& !))2))) $2))))) 52)))))
!4 #5! ) # /6AN !))2))) 2##### $2)))))
") #5! ) # ST% )2))) )2$11#$ !2)))))
"! #5$ ) # N #2))) #2))))) #2)))))
"" #5$ ) # /IN 1$2))) $2))))) $2)))))
"# #5$ ) # /A& 332))) 32))))) 12)))))
" #5$ ) # /6AN 3"2551 5255551 52#####
"$ #5$ ) # ST% 523)1 !2$"1$# !2!$1)
"5 #55 ) # N #2))) #2))))) #2)))))
"1 #55 ) # /IN 4)2))) $2))))) $2)))))
"3 #55 ) # /A& !))2))) 12))))) 52)))))
"4 #55 ) # /6AN 452))) 52##### $2#####
#) #55 ) # ST% $2"4" !2!$1) )2$11#$
#! #15 ) # N #2))) #2))))) #2)))))
#" #15 ) # /IN !))2))) $2))))) 2)))))
## #15 ) # /A& !))2))) 42))))) 32)))))
# #15 ) # /6AN !))2))) 52##### 52)))))
#$ #15 ) # ST% )2))) "2#)4) "2)))))
#5 #35 ) # N #2))) #2))))) #2)))))
#1 #35 ) # /IN 4#2))) 52))))) #2)))))
#3 #35 ) # /A& !))2))) 12))))) 52)))))
#4 #35 ) # /6AN 412))) 5255551 $2)))))
) #35 ) # ST% #25)5 )2$11#$ !21#")$
! )$ ) # N #2))) #2))))) #2)))))
" )$ ) # /IN #42))) $2))))) 2)))))
# )$ ) # /A& 5$2))) 52))))) 52)))))
)$ ) # /6AN $#2### $255551 $2#####
$ )$ ) # ST% !#2") )2$11#$ !2!$1)
5 ! ) # N #2))) #2))))) #2)))))
1 ! ) # /IN !))2))) $2))))) 2)))))
3 ! ) # /A& !))2))) 32))))) 52)))))
4 ! ) # /6AN !))2))) 52##### $2)))))
$) ! ) # ST% )2))) !2$"1$# !2)))))
$! #) ) # N #2))) #2))))) #2)))))
$" #) ) # /IN 332))) $2))))) $2)))))
$# #) ) # /A& 4#2))) 52))))) 12)))))
$ #) ) # /6AN 4)2### $255551 52)))))
$$ #) ) # ST% "2$!1 )2$11#$ !2)))))
$5 #" ) # N #2))) #2))))) #2)))))
$1 #" ) # /IN 332))) 2))))) $2)))))
*{
$3 #" ) # /A& 432))) 32))))) 32)))))
$4 #" ) # /6AN 4!2551 $255551 52#####
5) #" ) # ST% $2$)3 "2)3!51 !2$"1$#
5! $5 ) # N #2))) #2))))) #2)))))
5" $5 ) # /IN 4$2))) 2))))) #2)))))
5# $5 ) # /A& !))2))) 32))))) $2)))))
5 $5 ) # /6AN 432### $255551 2)))))
5$ $5 ) # ST% "2331 "2)3!51 !2)))))
fi?i thchV I l4 s lRn lp lGi/ iAt 34 isI l4 gi trX ca( nhHt 34 thHp nhHt" i]AI l4 gi trX
tr!ng 'nh/ S&6 l4 standard de3iati(nV L lch ch!n" Z5t 0!? i 3Ai ging c CC{* cJ gi trX
tP l n?y mRm tr!ng 'nh l4 @m/zz 3Ai S&6 l4 B/m@ im c,Tng lEc tr!ng 'nh l4 {/*l 34 S&6
l4 B/+m im ;h? nang s?n 8!Ht hGt l4 C 3Ai S&6 l4 U"
M(-( T )2/)@ /3 /Wnh GhWc S*1) )<,ng SAnh h>* 7=,
pp dng tr(ng tr,Tng h2p iO! tra ch>n mQ! hai l i ch.ng 34 tc Lng ; th!t nh, ph!n
th!c tang n~ h(a/ ! 0!?/ 'Jn phn 34 ;hng 'Jn/ 8Xt th!c dit c 34 ;hng 8Xt th!c" S(
snh hai gi trX tr!ng 'nh c<a hai 'i5n/ cng can c. tr$n 8c s!Ht p" I5! p d +/+{ th hai 'i5n
s ;hng ;hc nha! cJ nghba" pp dng ch( ch>n mQ! cJ s im ch>n 'Nng nha!" I5! ' tr
cc the( d[i ~ 3X tr ging nha! c<a hai nhJm mQ!/ g>i l4 '=t cp (paired c(mparis(n)/ n5!
' tr cc the( d[i ~ 3X tr ;hc nha! c<a hai mQ!/ g>i l4 ;hng '=t cp (!npaired
c(mparis(n)"
&h nghim s9 dng chHt iO! ha sinh tr,~ng ch( ging c?i dR! (\) 34 ging i ch.ng (A)
;hng 89 l:/ ;5t 0!? nang s!Ht (tHn%ha) nh, sa! (phng the( Kle7er/ B++U)V
data;
input S A B;
diff=B-A;
cards;
U z"{ {"{
B C"* C"U
z C"+ C"{
C C"z *"U
{ C"+ C"*
* C"* {"z
l {"+ {"C
m z"@ z"@
@ z"{ C"C
U+ C"m *"U
;
proc means mean stderr t prt;
var diff;
title 'SO SANH T TEST';
run;

SO SANH T T6ST
The /6ANS Procedure
Anal<sis Varia(le + di9
**
/ean Std 6rror t Value Pr 0 ItI
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
)211))))) )2"#!$)5 #2!1 )2)!!
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
fi?i thchV
fi trX er d t +/+UUC ch( thHy ging c?i dR! \ cJ s9 dng chHt iO! h(4 sinh tr,~ng cJ
;hc 'it nang s!Ht 3Ai ging A ;hng 89 l: ~ m.c p +/+{"
M(8( Ch*iSAnh ?hng (Ch*i/Q,><2) /3 /Wnh )6nh Dtc lC? c[> h>* TP, )0
&r=c nghim tnh Lc lp can c. 34( 3Hn O t ra l4 gi? thi5t c+ l4 cc 'in php p dng O!
cJ ?nh h,~ng nh, nha!" S9 dng 8c s!Ht c<a Khij'nh ph,-ng tnh/ n5! p +/+{ l4 'c '
gi? thi5t tr$n/ ; th!t p dng cJ ?nh h,~ng/ n5! p d +/+{ th chHp nhn gi? thi5t tr$n/ ; th!t
p dng nh, nha!" &h,Tng p dng ch( 3ic p dng cc 'in php ; th!t 8c Xnh ?nh
h,~ng 5n sinh tr,~ng c<a cy/ cy 'nh hay ;hng 'nh"
hiO! tra sa! ph!n th!c ?nh h,~ng sinh tr,~ng cy 3Ai hai y5! t l4V (U) ph!n th!c 34 ;hng
ph!n/ (B) cy tt 34 cy 'nh" S l,2ng cy ,2c 5m tr(ng t1ng s U+++ cy" fi? thi5t c+ l4
chHp nhn ph!n th!c 34 cy 'nh ;hng ?nh h,~ng nha!"
data Dieutra;
input Xitthuoc $ Struong $ Soluong @@;
datalines;
6hun #"nh 10
6hun tot 190
khon3 #"nh 96
khon3 tot 704
;
proc freq data=Dieutra order=data;
weight Soluong;
tables Xitthuoc*Struong / chisq expected cellchi2 norow nocol;
output out=ChiSqData pchi lrchi n nmiss;
title 'Chi-Square Tests Xitthuoc';
run;
Chi8S.uare Tests &itthuoc

The -76N Procedure
Ta(le of &itthuoc (< Struon@

&itthuoc Struon@
-re.uenc< V
6?*ected V
Cell Chi8S.uareV
Percent V(enh Vtot V Total
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUWUUUUUUUUWUUUUUUUUW
*hun V !) V !4) V "))
V "!2" V !1323 V
V $24!1 V )21)!5 V
V !2)) V !42)) V ")2))
*l
Khon@ V 45 V 1) V 3))
V 323 V 1!$2" V
V !214" V )2!1$ V
V 425) V 1)2) V 3)2))
Total !)5 34 !)))
!)25) 342) !))2))
Statistics for Ta(le of &itthuoc (< Struon@
Statistic %- Value Pro(
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
Chi8S.uare ! 8.2732 0.0040
LiKelihood 7atio Chi8S.uare ! 425$#$ )2))!4
Continuit< AdH2 Chi8S.uare ! 12$$!) )2))5)
/antel8HaensLel Chi8S.uare ! 32"54 )2)))
Phi CoeXcient 8)2)4!)
Contin@enc< CoeXcient )2)4)5
CramerJs V 8)2)4!)
-isherJs 6?act Test
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
Cell :!>!; -re.uenc< :-; !)
Left8sided Pr FD - )2))!1
7i@ht8sided Pr 0D - )2444
Ta(le Pro(a(ilit< :P; )2))!!
T=o8sided Pr FD P )2))#)
Sam*le SiLe D !)))
fi?i thchV
Z5t 0!? ch( thHy gi trX c<a KhijS0!are l4 m/Blz 3Ai p +/++C +/+{ cJ nghba l4 'c ' gi?
thi5t tr$n/ 8Xt th!c hGn ch5 cy 'nh"

M(M( M> )<Cn )ng Q,>n (c3<<2l>)*3n 7>)<*Y)
tc Xnh ma trn t,-ng 0!an hai chiO! cc 'i5n s )ng nhHt p dng i 3Ai nang s!Ht cy l4
tm y5! t n4( ?nh h,~ng lAn nhHt 5n nang s!Ht cy/ tD J O 8!Ht 'in php c?i thin nang
s!Ht h2p l:" S9 dng gi trX h s t,-ng 0!an r 34 8c s!Ht p" I5! r d +/l l4 t,-ng 0!an cht/
n5! p +/+{ th ;5t l!n cJ ;hc 'it gia hai 'i5n s" I5! p d +/+{ th hai 'i5n s ;hng ;hc
nha! cJ nghba"
Zh?( st t,-ng 0!an nang s!Ht cy c4 ph$ (;g%cy)/ ;: hi! l4 ISSA&KA 3Ai tP l hGt trn
() (cA&&#^I)/ tP l nhn%0!? () (IcAI`SA)/ cHp hGt #U () l4 tP l hGt ,2c gi lGi
tr$n s4ng ry */z mm/ 34 tr>ng l,2ng U++ 0!? (g) (&gU++`SA)" &,-ng 0!an n4y ,2c ;h?(
st tD th nghim 'Jn phn Gm ;5t h2p thGch ca("

DATA;
INPUT NSUATCAY HATTRON NHANQUA R1 TL100QUA;
CARDS;
1.83 22.8 15.6 40.8 103.7
1.82 18.0 16.2 41.3 112.6
1.82 21.1 15.7 42.4 106.6
1.83 20.9 15.5 41.2 105.9
1.84 14.9 16.6 43.7 112.5
1.86 12.8 16.9 44.9 124.4
1.90 12.8 17.1 42.4 118.6
*m
1.93 11.9 17 69.6 134.2
1.85 12.4 17.2 43.9 118.6
1.96 11.9 17.2 70.7 128.7
2.08 11.5 17.4 80.4 142.3
2.01 12.5 17.0 70.4 134.6
;
PROC CORR OUTP=P;
RUN;
PROC PRINT DATA=P;
RUN;
The SAS S<stem
The CO77 Procedure
$ Varia(les+ NSUATCA, HATT7ON NHANNUA 7! TL!))NUA
Sim*le Statistics
Varia(le N /ean Std %ev Sum /inimum /a?imum
NSUATCA, !" !234!1 )2)354 ""21#))) !23"))) "2)3)))
HATT7ON !" !$2"4!51 2"!)3 !3#2$)))) !!2$)))) ""23))))
NHANNUA !" !255!51 )2)531# !424))) !2$$))) !21)))
7! !" $"25!51 !$2!$")$ 5#!21)))) )23)))) 3)2))))
TL!))NUA !" !")2""$)) !"25534 !# !)#21)))) !"2#))))
Pearson Correlation CoeXcients> N D !"
Pro( 0 IrI under H)+ 7hoD)
NSUATCA, HATT7ON NHANNUA 7! TL!))NUA
NSUATCA, !2))))) 8)25545$ )25453" )24##34 )24)3#!
)2)!1" )2)!!3 F2)))! F2)))!
HATT7ON 8)25545$ !2))))) 8)243!4" 8)25#!51 8)23$54!
)2)!1" F2)))! )2)"15 )2)))
NHANNUA )25453" 8)243!4" !2))))) )25#"!3 )231!$
)2)!!3 F2)))! )2)"1 )2)))$
7! )24##34 8)25#!51 )25#"!3 !2))))) )24)$!$
F2)))! )2)"15 )2)"1 F2)))!
TL!))NUA )24)3#! 8)23$54! )231!$ )24)$!$ !2)))))
F2)))! )2))) )2)))$ F2)))!
The SAS S<stem
O(s TT,P6T TNA/6T NSUATCA, HATT7ON NHANNUA 7! TL!))NUA
! /6AN !234" !$2"4!1 !255!1 $"25!1 !")2""$
" ST% )2)31 2"!)$ )2)531 !$2!$") !"2554
# N !"2)))) !"2)))) !"2)))) !"2)))) !"2)))
CO77 NSUATCA, !2)))) 8)25541 )25453 )24##4 )24)3
$ CO77 HATT7ON 8)25541 !2)))) 8)243!4 8)25#!1 8)23$1
5 CO77 NHANNUA )25453 8)243!4 !2)))) )25#"" )231
1 CO77 7! )24##4 8)25#!1 )25#"" !2)))) )24)$
3 CO77 TL!))NUA )24)3# 8)23$54 )231" )24)$" !2)))
eears(n K(rrelati(n K(eFFicients l4 h s t,-ng 0!an/ th,Tng g>i l4 r" c s t,-ng 0!an r cht
;hi tD +/l tr~ l$n" er(' d r l4 8c 8!Ht cJ nghba c<a h s r"

&rnh '4y t,-ng 0!an c<a nang s!Ht 3Ai cc chP ti$! nh, sa! (phng the( trnh '4y c<a ilippi/
U@@l)V
*@
\?ng C"U" &,-ng 0!an c<a nang s!Ht cy (;g%cy) 34 cc chP ti$! the( d[i
NSUATCA, HATT7ON NHANNUA 7! TL!))NUA
NSUATCA, !2))))) 8)25545$ )25453" )24##34 )24)3#!
)2)!1" )2)!!3 F2)))! F2)))!
HATT7ON 8)25545$ !2))))) 8)243!4" 8)25#!51 8)23$54!
)2)!1" F2)))! )2)"15 )2)))
NHANNUA )25453" 8)243!4" !2))))) )25#"!3 )231!$
)2)!!3 F2)))! )2)"1 )2)))$
7! )24##34 8)25#!51 )25#"!3 !2))))) )24)$!$
F2)))! )2)"15 )2)"1 F2)))!
TL!))NUA )24)3#! 8)23$54! )231!$ )24)$!$ !2)))))
F2)))! )2))) )2)))$ F2)))!
Ch th(ch: h5ng trAn ,5 h s< t9:ng ?uan r \8-ars*n C*rr-,ati*n C*-++ici-nts^# s< m.u ?uan
st D $T# h5ng U9Bi ,5 xc sut %

fi?i thchV nang s!Ht cy cJ t,-ng 0!an 3Ai cc chP ti$!V cHp hGt #U 3Ai h s t,-ng 0!an r
+/@zzm@ 34 tr>ng l,2ng U++ 0!? 3Ai h s t,-ng 0!an r +/@+mzU (8c s!Ht O! l4 p +/+++U)"
Iang s!Ht cy t,-ng 0!an nghXch 3Ai tP l hGt trn/ ;hi tP l hGt trn thHp th nang s!Ht ca(/ 3Ai
h s t,-ng 0!an r j +/**@*{"
M(O( H.* Q,* ),TPn )6nh Dn S*Pn (/*7?l2 <2g<2//*3n)
tc Xnh ph,-ng trnh y a8 ' c<a hai chP ti$! th hin 3Ai ph,-ng trnh h)i 0!i cJ nghba"
Zh?( st ph,-ng trnh h)i 0!i c<a tr>ng l,2ng ;h t (g) 34 din tch l (cm
B
) c<a cy c
th.c an gia sc d( 'Jn phn nh, sa! (Kle7er/ B++U)V
DATA A;
INPUT TLKHO DTLA;
CARDS;
0.29 144
0.43 180
0.21 60
0.53 226
0.27 105
0.33 111
0.47 217
0.40 221
0.48 218
0.30 137
0.37 153
0.30 105
;
PROC REG DATA=A;
MODEL DTLA = TLKHO;
RUN;
PLOT R.*P.;
RUN;

The SAS S<stem
The 76G Procedure
l+
/odel+ /O%6L!
%e*endent Varia(le+ %TLA
Anal<sis of Variance
Sum of /ean
Source %- S.uares S.uare - Value Pr 0 -
/odel ! "4!5 "4!5 5!2"" F2)))!
6rror !) 3)$2!5! 3)2$!5!
Corrected Total !! #""!
7oot /S6 "!24")53 78S.uare )23$45
%e*endent /ean !$52!551 AdH 78S. )23$$
Coe9 Var !2)!"4
Parameter 6stimates
Parameter Standard
Varia(le %- 6stimate 6rror t Value Pr 0 ItI
Interce*t ! 8#5244$# "$2$$5 8!2# )2!3"!
TLKHO ! $"32$#1$! 512$$""$ 123" F2)))!

fi?i thchV ph,-ng trnh h)i 0!i cJ nghba ~ m.c p +/+U/ gi trX t c<a ph,-ng trnh cJ
8c s!Ht p +/+U n$n chHp nhn l4 rHt cJ nghba/ ph,-ng trnh ,2c ghi nh, sa!V
6in tch l {Bm/{C &r>ng l,2ng ;h z*/{+"
D T L A = - 3 6 . 5 +5 2 8 . 5 4 T L K H O
N
1 2
R s q
0 . 8 5 9 6
A d j R s q
0 . 8 4 5 5
R MS E
2 1 . 9 2 1
- 3 0
- 2 0
- 1 0
0
1 0
2 0
3 0
4 0
5 0
P ! d " # $ ! d % & ' ( !
6 0 8 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 4 0 1 6 0 1 8 0 2 0 0 2 2 0 2 4 0 2 6 0
cnh C"U" eh,-ng trnh t,-ng 0!an 34 sai s c<a din tch l 34 tr>ng l,2ng ;h c"
M(R( H.* Q,* ),TPn )6nh D> S*Pn (7,l)*?l2 <2g<2//*3n)
Th6 ngh*17 )6nh h.* Q,* n~ng /,]) JN* c]? h9) "1 JK )<ng lEng 1 Q,I cK ?h+(
tc Xnh ph,-ng trnh h)i 0!i a 'i5n y a8
U
'8
B
c8
z
tm ra cc 'i5n s 8 n4( cJ p
+/+{ l4 chHp nhn cJ ?nh h,~ng 5n y" &r,Ac h5t 8c Xnh ph,-ng trnh h)i 0!i 34 8em 8c
s!Ht p c<a tDng 'i5n/ sa! J ch>n cc 'i5n cJ gi trX p +/+{ 8c Xnh ph,-ng trnh h)i 0!i
a 'i5n cJ nghba"
&D ;5t 0!? ma trn t,-ng 0!an c<a nang s!Ht c4 ph$ (;g%cy) t,-ng 0!an rHt cht 3Ai cHp hGt
#U 34 tr>ng l,2ng U++ 0!? J l4 t,-ng 0!an -n" h tnh h)i 0!i t!y5n tnh a 'i5n/ lp '?ng
lU
tnh sa! y 8c Xnh t,-ng 0!an a 'i5n 34 hai 'i5n s n4y cJ ?nh h,~ng 5n nang s!Ht cJ
nghba hay ;hng"
data HOIQUI;
input NSUATCAY R1 TL100QUA;
cards;
1.83 40.8 103.7
1.82 41.3 112.6
1.82 42.4 106.6
1.83 41.2 105.9
1.84 43.7 112.5
1.86 44.9 124.4
1.9 42.4 118.6
1.93 69.6 134.2
1.85 43.9 118.6
1.96 70.7 128.7
2.08 80.4 142.3
2.01 70.4 134.6
;
proc reg data=HOIQUI;
model NSUATCAY=R1 TL100QUA;
run;
The SAS S<stem
The 76G Procedure
/odel+ /O%6L!
%e*endent Varia(le+ NSUATCA,
Sum of /ean
/odel " )2)1)$ )2)#$"1 #32)) F2)))!
6rror 4 )2))3#$ )2)))4"3")
Corrected Total !! )2)1334
7oot /S6 )2)#)1 78S.uare )234!
%e*endent /ean !234!1 AdH 78S. )231)5
Coe9 Var !25)3
Parameter 6stimates
Parameter Standard
Interce*t ! !2#")1 )2!!)$ !)2!$ F2)))!
7! ! )2))#5 )2))!# "2" )2)#3
TL!))NUA ! )2))"## )2))!1! !2#1 )2")$)

fi?i thchV tD ;5t 0!? ,Ac tnh c<a h)i 0!i a 'i5n ch( thHy chP cJ cHp hGt #U l4 cJ 8c s!Ht
cJ nghba 3Ai nang s!Ht (p +/+zmC) cn tr>ng l,2ng U++ 0!? ;hng cJ : nghba (p +/B+{)" Z5t
l!n ph,-ng trnh h)i 0!i nang s!Ht 3Ai cHp hGt #U cJ nghba ~ m.c p +/+{ 34 cRn lp ph,-ng
trnh t,-ng 0!an -n 'i5n ch( hai chP ti$! n4y" eh,-ng trnh h)i 0!i c<a nang s!Ht cy 34 cHp
hGt #U nh, sa!V
data HOIQUI;
input NSUATCAY R1;
cards;
lB
1.83 40.8
1.82 41.3
1.82 42.4
1.83 41.2
1.84 43.7
1.86 44.9
1.9 42.4
1.93 69.6
1.85 43.9
1.96 70.7
2.08 80.4
2.01 70.4
;
proc reg data=HOIQUI;
model NSUATCAY=R1;
run;
PLOT R.*P.;
RUN;
The SAS S<stem
The 76G Procedure
/odel+ /O%6L!
%e*endent Varia(le+ NSUATCA,
Sum of /ean
/odel ! )2)533! )2)533! 532"" F2)))!
6rror !) )2)!))4 )2))!)!
Corrected Total !! )2)1334
7oot /S6 )2)#!15 78S.uare )231"!
%e*endent /ean !234!1 AdH 78S. )23$4
Coe9 Var !251553
Parameter 6stimates
Parameter Standard
Interce*t ! !25!4#4 )2)#$! 524# F2)))!
7! ! )2))$"" )2)))5#!41 32"5 F2)))!
fi?i thchV
eh,-ng trnh h)i 0!i nang s!Ht 34 cHp hGt #U ,2c 3i5t l4V
Iang s!Ht cy +/++{B #U U/*U@C 3Ai #
B
+/mlBU

lz
N S ) A T * A + = 1 . 6 1 9 4 +0 . 0 0 5 2 R 1
N
1 2
R s q
0 . 8 , 2 1
A d j R s q
0 . 8 5 9 4
R MS E
0 . 0 3 1 8
- 0 . 0 6
- 0 . 0 4
- 0 . 0 2
0 . 0 0
0 . 0 2
0 . 0 4
0 . 0 6
P ! d " # $ ! d % & ' ( !
1 . 8 2 5 1 . 8 5 0 1 . 8 , 5 1 . 9 0 0 1 . 9 2 5 1 . 9 5 0 1 . 9 , 5 2 . 0 0 0 2 . 0 2 5 2 . 0 5 0
cnh C"B" eh,-ng trnh t,-ng 0!an 34 sai s c<a nang s!Ht 34 cHp hGt #U c4 ph$"
M(U( H.* Q,* D> S*Pn SCc h>*
hi 3Ai mLt s th nghim/ cRn 8c Xnh ph,-ng trnh h)i 0!i c<a 0!an h nang s!Ht 34 cc
nghim th.c nh, phn 'Jn th,Tng cJ giAi hGn ;hi tang l,2ng phn 'Jn ca(/ lc J nang s!Ht
gi?m ;hi l,2ng phn 'Jn ca(/ ,Tng 'i! din ;hng ph?i l4 t!y5n tnh m4 l4 ,Tng c(ng
th!Lc ph,-ng trnh 'c hai"
&h nghim 3O l,2ng phn Gm I (l's%acre) 5n nang s!Ht c (tHn%ha) 'i! thX 'Nng ,Tng 'i!
din c<a ph,-ng trnh 'c hai y a8
B
'8 c (I#KS/ B++l)" eh,-ng trnh h)i 0!i ,2c 8c
Xnh nh, sa!V
data HOIQUI;
input N NSUATCO;
cards;
0 2.30545
120 3.5875
240 4.862
360 4.899
480 5.179
0 2.8665
120 3.544
240 4.042
360 5.479
480 5.3125
0 2.3125
120 3.207
240 4.5475
360 4.6585
480 4.5945
;
proc rsreg data=HOIQUI;
model NSUATCO=N/lackfit;
run;

lC
The 7S76G Procedure
Codin@ CoeXcients for the Inde*endent Varia(les
-actor Su(tracted o9 %ivided (<
N ")2)))))) ")2))))))
7es*onse Surface for Varia(le NSUATCO
7es*onse /ean 2)4#!#)
7oot /S6 )2#"#!1
78S.uare )24!!!
CoeXcient of Variation 32#5#"
T<*e I Sum
7e@ression %- of S.uares 78S.uare - Value Pr 0 -
Linear ! !#2")!14# )23#$ !!"255 F2)))!
Nuadratic ! !2"!"3! )2)151 !)2#$ )2))1
Cross*roduct ) ) )2)))) 2 2
Total /odel " !2!5)1 )24!!! 5!2$! F2)))!
Sum of
7esidual %- S.uares /ean S.uare - Value Pr 0 -
LacK of -it " )2!""!# )2)5!")1 )23 )25#"
Pure 6rror !) !2"3#1$1 )2!"3#15
Total 6rror !" !2)5!1! )2!!1!3!
Parameter
6stimate
Standard from Coded
Parameter %- 6stimate 6rror t Value Pr 0 ItI %ata
Interce*t ! "2"5$"3 )2!35))! !#2)$ F2)))! 2#"44"
N ! )2)!!!4" )2))!3#5 52!) F2)))! !2#"51)
NGN ! 8)2))))!!3)! )2)))))#553 8#2"" )2))1 8)25141"
Sum of
-actor %- S.uares /ean S.uare - Value Pr 0 -
N " !2!5)1 12")1#)# 5!2$! F2)))!
)5+!4 Mednesda<> Cune !5> !44# 1
The 7S76G Procedure
Canonical Anal<sis of 7es*onse Surface Based on Coded %ata
Critical Value
-actor Coded Uncoded
N )241$4! 474.225722
Predicted value at stationar< *oint+ $2)3))"
6i@envectors
6i@envalues N
8)25141" !2))))))
Stationar< *oint is a ma?imum2
fi?i thchV
j fi trX 8c s!Ht c<a I l4 p +/+++U 34 II l4 p +/++lC/ d( J hai gi trX n4y rHt cJ nghba
tr(ng ph,-ng trnh h)i 0!i 'c hai"
l{
j eh,-ng trnh ,2c 3i5t l4V Iang s!Ht c (tHn%ha) j +/++++UUmI
B
+/+UUBI B/CB*{ 3Ai h
s t,-ng 0!an a 'i5n l4 #
B
+/@UUU"
j tc Xnh im ti a nang s!Ht c ~ l,2ng GmV
Iang s!Ht c Gt ti a ;hi t j (U%B B) j +/+UU@B%(B(j +/++++UUm)) ClC/B l's I%acre"
j &,-ng tE the( ;5t 0!? 89 l:/ y5! t Gm I cJ Kritical _al!e Snc(ded l4 ClC/B 34 y l4
im ti a ch( nang s!Ht c ti ,!"
M(`( T0* , hZ> JK YWc Dgnh D*e7 (simple (ptim!m)
hp .ng mt phng: SaddlejS!rFace #esp(nse Ssing #idge Analysis
\4i tp tnh hi! s!Ht iercapt('en(thia(le d( ?nh h,~ng c<a thTi gian 34 nhit L"
h,Tng )ng m.c 8c Xnh im ti ,!"
ngun: tu Myers, Response Surface Methodology 1976 (SAS,2004).

data d;
input Thgian Nhietdo MBT;
label Thgian = "Thoi gian phan ung(gio)"
Nhietdo = "Nhiet do (do C)"
MBT = "Hieu suat (%)Mercaptobenzothiazole";
datalines;
4.0 250 83.8
20.0 250 81.7
12.0 250 82.4
12.0 250 82.9
12.0 220 84.7
12.0 280 57.9
12.0 250 81.2
6.3 229 81.3
6.3 271 83.1
17.7 229 85.3
17.7 271 72.7
4.0 250 82.0
;
proc sort;
by Thgian Nhietdo;
run;

proc rsreg;
model MBT=Thgian Nhietdo / lackfit;
ridge max;
run;

/* Plot contours of predicted response */
data b;
set d;
flag=1;
MBT=.;
do Thgian=0 to 20 by 1;
do Nhietdo=220 to 280 by 5;
output;
end;
end;
data c;
set d b;
run;

l*
proc rsreg data=c out=e noprint;
model MBT=Thgian Nhietdo / predict;
id flag;
run;

data f;
set e;
if flag=1;
data annote;
length function color style $8 text $8;
retain hsys ysys xsys '2' size 1 function 'label'
color 'black' style 'swissl' position '5';
x=255; y=10 ; text='80.3'; output;
x=245; y=11 ; text='82.9'; output;
x=227; y= 7 ; text='80.3'; output;
x=235; y= 8 ; text='82.9'; output;
x=235; y=14.5; text='85.5'; output;
x=230; y=18 ; text='88.1'; output;
x=250; y= 3 ; text='85.5'; output;
run;
axis1 label=(angle=90) minor=none;
axis2 order=(220 to 280 by 20) minor=none;

proc gcontour data=f annotate=annote;
plot Thgian*Nhietdo=MBT
/ nlevels=12 vaxis=axis1 haxis=axis2 nolegend;
run;
The SAS S<stem
The 7S76G Procedure
Codin@ CoeXcients for the Inde*endent Varia(les
-actor Su(tracted o9 %ivided (<
Th@ian !"2)))))) 32))))))
Nhietdo "$)2)))))) #)2))))))
7es*onse Surface for Varia(le /BT+ Hieu suat :YY;/erca*to(enLothiaLole
7es*onse /ean 1424!5551
7oot /S6 25!$45
78S.uare )23))#
CoeXcient of Variation $2115)
T<*e I Sum
7e@ression %- of S.uares 78S.uare - Value Pr 0 -
Linear " #!#2$3$3)# )2344 12#5 )2)"#
Nuadratic " !52153! )2""4# #2 )2!))4
Cross*roduct ! $!23)))) )2)3!) "2# )2!543
Total /odel $ $!"2!4#41 )23))# 23! )2)!)
Sum of
7esidual %- S.uares /ean S.uare - Value Pr 0 -
LacK of -it # !"2545)$# !2$5$#$! #425# )2))5$
Pure 6rror # #2!5551 !2)3334
Total 6rror 5 !"123"1") "!2#)1!")
Parameter
6stimate
Standard from Coded
ll
Parameter %- 6stimate 6rror t Value Pr 0 ItI %ata
Interce*t ! 8$$2351415 "112!$#1# 8!241 )2)45 3"2!1#!!)
Th@ian ! 5231"35# $2))4"3 !2#1 )2"!33 8!2)!"31
Nhietdo ! 24341# "2!5$3#4 "2#) )2)5)3 832515153
Th@ianGTh@ian ! )2)"!5#! )2)$513 )2#3 )21!5 !2#3#4
NhietdoGTh@ian ! 8)2)#))1$ )2)!4"3! 8!2$5 )2!543 812"!3)$
NhietdoGNhietdo ! 8)2))43#5 )2))#) 8"2"4 )2)5"# 8323$"$!4
The SAS S<stem
The 7S76G Procedure
Sum of
-actor %- S.uares /ean S.uare - Value Pr 0 - La(el
Th@ian # 5!2"4)4$1 ")2#)#!4 )245 )21) Thoi @ian *han un@:@io;
Nhietdo # 5!2"$)4"$ !$#21$)#)3 12"" )2)")$ Nhiet do :do C;
The SAS S<stem
The 7S76G Procedure
Canonical Anal<sis of 7es*onse Surface Based on Coded %ata
Critical Value
-actor Coded Uncoded La(el
Th@ian 8)2!1$3 325$4#$ Thoi @ian *han un@:@io;
Nhietdo 8)2#)4415 ")21))1!3 Nhiet do :do C;
Predicted value at stationar< *oint+ 3#21!4)
6i@envectors
6i@envalues Th@ian Nhietdo
"2$"33!5 )24$#""# 8)2#)""51
8424454) )2#)""51 )24$#""#
Stationar< *oint is a saddle *oint2
The SAS S<stem
The 7S76G Procedure
6stimated 7id@e of /a?imum 7es*onse for Varia(le /BT+ Hieu suat :YY;/erca*to(enLothiaLole
Coded 6stimated Standard Uncoded -actor Values
7adius 7es*onse 6rror Th@ian Nhietdo
)2) 3"2!1#!!) "255$)"# !"2)))))) "$)2))))))
)2! 3"24$"4)4 "25351! !!2454# "12))"4$5
)2" 3#2$$3"5) "25)""1) !"2!"14) "2)"#4!
)2# 32)#1)43 "2$##"45 !"21)!$# "!2#45)3
)2 321)$ "2$13#5 !#2$!1$$$ "#42#$""1
)2$ 324!)44 "2)5!5 !2#1)411 "#124!4!#3
)25 3$2#4))!" "2!)43! !$2"!""1 "#525"3!!
)21 3$24)5151 "2$!55!4 !52)#13"" "#$24"#)
)23 35253"11 "21$"#$$ !523$)3!# "#2#")
)24 312)15$31 #2!#)45! !125$#"! "##2"35$"
lm
!2) 3121#"31 #253$53 !32$)53" "#"2"$5"#3

0
5
1 0
1 5
2 0
N - " ! $ d . / d . * 0
2 2 0 2 4 0 2 6 0 2 8 0
cnh C"z" ci! s!Ht iercapt('en(thia(le (i\&) d( ?nh h,~ng c<a thTi gian ph?n .ng 34 nhit
L the( mt phng )ng m.c"
M(j( y. )hg hAnh lN* ch*P, 7n) ?hng S> ch*,@ c[> Inh hlng nh*1) Dt (Dt C) JK n.ng
Dt ch]) Yc )Wc (g) DPn n~ng /,]) /*nh Gh0* (g) c[> J* Gh,vn (SK* )C? <) gn )d
TSPIN', SAS, 1jjj)(
data VIKHUAN;
input nhiet nongdo nsuat @@;
datalines;
60 0 6.8389 64 0 7.3874 68 0 7.6236 72 0 7.5902 76 0 7.3299
60 0.002 7.1584 64 0.002 7.7366 68 0.002 7.9968 72 0.002 7.9817 76 0.002 7.7339
60 0.004 7.4337 64 0.004 8.0436 68 0.004 8.3297 72 0.004 8.3348 76 0.004 8.1016
60 0.006 7.6658 64 0.006 8.3092 68 0.006 8.6232 72 0.006 8.6504 76 0.006 8.4337
60 0.008 7.8556 64 0.008 8.5345 68 0.008 8.8783 72 0.008 8.9296 76 0.008 8.7313
60 0.01 8.004 64 0.01 8.7204 68 0.01 9.0959 72 0.01 9.1733 76 0.01 8.9953
60 0.012 8.1121 64 0.012 8.8678 68 0.012 9.277 72 0.012 9.3824 76 0.012 9.2267
60 0.014 8.1807 64 0.014 8.9778 68 0.014 9.4226 72 0.014 9.5579 76 0.014 9.4265
60 0.016 8.2109 64 0.016 9.0512 68 0.016 9.5336 72 0.016 9.7008 76 0.016 9.5955
60 0.018 8.2035 64 0.018 9.089 68 0.018 9.6109 72 0.018 9.8119 76 0.018 9.7347
60 0.02 8.1595 64 0.02 9.0922 68 0.02 9.6555 72 0.02 9.8923 76 0.02 9.8451
60 0.022 8.08 64 0.022 9.0617 68 0.022 9.6684 72 0.022 9.9428 76 0.022 9.9277
60 0.024 7.9657 64 0.024 8.9985 68 0.024 9.6505 72 0.024 9.9646 76 0.024 9.9834
60 0.026 7.8178 64 0.026 8.9035 68 0.026 9.6028 72 0.026 9.9584 76 0.026 10.0131
60 0.028 7.6371 64 0.028 8.7777 68 0.028 9.5262 72 0.028 9.9253 76 0.028 10.0178
60 0.03 7.4245 64 0.03 8.622 68 0.03 9.4217 72 0.03 9.8662 76 0.03 9.9984
60 0.032 7.1812 64 0.032 8.4375 68 0.032 9.2902 72 0.032 9.7821 76 0.032 9.956
60 0.034 6.9079 64 0.034 8.2249 68 0.034 9.1327 72 0.034 9.6739 76 0.034 9.8914
60 0.036 6.6057 64 0.036 7.9854 68 0.036 8.9501 72 0.036 9.5426 76 0.036 9.8057
l@
60 0.038 6.2755 64 0.038 7.7198 68 0.038 8.7434 72 0.038 9.3891 76 0.038 9.6997
60 0.04 5.9183 64 0.04 7.4291 68 0.04 8.5135 72 0.04 9.2144 76 0.04 9.5744
60 0.042 5.5349 64 0.042 7.1142 68 0.042 8.2615 72 0.042 9.0194 76 0.042 9.4308
60 0.044 5.1265 64 0.044 6.7762 68 0.044 7.9882 72 0.044 8.8051 76 0.044 9.2699
60 0.046 4.6939 64 0.046 6.4159 68 0.046 7.6946 72 0.046 8.5725 76 0.046 9.0925
60 0.048 4.238 64 0.048 6.0344 68 0.048 7.3816 72 0.048 8.3225 76 0.048 8.8997
60 0.05 3.7599 64 0.05 5.6325 68 0.05 7.0503 72 0.05 8.056 76 0.05 8.6923
60 0.052 3.2604 64 0.052 5.2112 68 0.052 6.7015 72 0.052 7.774 76 0.052 8.4714
60 0.054 2.7406 64 0.054 4.7716 68 0.054 6.3362 72 0.054 7.4774 76 0.054 8.2379
60 0.056 2.2014 64 0.056 4.3144 68 0.056 5.9554 72 0.056 7.1673 76 0.056 7.9927
60 0.058 1.6438 64 0.058 3.8407 68 0.058 5.5601 72 0.058 6.8445 76 0.058 7.7369
60 0.06 1.0686 64 0.06 3.3515 68 0.06 5.1511 72 0.06 6.5101 76 0.06 7.4713
60 0.062 0.4769 64 0.062 2.8476 68 0.062 4.7294 72 0.062 6.1649 76 0.062 7.1969
60 0.064 0 64 0.064 2.3302 68 0.064 4.2961 72 0.064 5.81 76 0.064 6.9146
60 0.066 0 64 0.066 1.7999 68 0.066 3.8519 72 0.066 5.4462 76 0.066 6.6255
60 0.068 0 64 0.068 1.258 68 0.068 3.398 72 0.068 5.0745 76 0.068 6.3305
60 0.07 0 64 0.07 0.7053 68 0.07 2.9352 72 0.07 4.696 76 0.07 6.0305
60 0.072 0 64 0.072 0.1427 68 0.072 2.4645 72 0.072 4.3115 76 0.072 5.7264
60 0.074 0 64 0.074 0 68 0.074 1.9868 72 0.074 3.9219 76 0.074 5.4193
60 0.076 0 64 0.076 0 68 0.076 1.5032 72 0.076 3.5283 76 0.076 5.1101
60 0.078 0 64 0.078 0 68 0.078 1.0145 72 0.078 3.1316 76 0.078 4.7997
60 0.08 0 64 0.08 0 68 0.08 0.5217 72 0.08 2.7328 76 0.08 4.4891
62 0 7.1549 66 0 7.5419 70 0 7.6379 74 0 7.4857 78 0 7.128
62 0.002 7.49 66 0.002 7.9038 70 0.002 8.021 74 0.002 7.8842 78 0.002 7.5362
62 0.004 7.7818 66 0.004 8.2244 70 0.004 8.3647 74 0.004 8.2453 78 0.004 7.909
62 0.006 8.0314 66 0.006 8.5047 70 0.006 8.67 74 0.006 8.5699 78 0.006 8.2472
62 0.008 8.2396 66 0.008 8.7456 70 0.008 8.9378 74 0.008 8.859 78 0.008 8.5519
62 0.01 8.4075 66 0.01 8.9481 70 0.01 9.1692 74 0.01 9.1136 78 0.01 8.824
62 0.012 8.536 66 0.012 9.1131 70 0.012 9.365 74 0.012 9.3345 78 0.012 9.0644
62 0.014 8.626 66 0.014 9.2416 70 0.014 9.5263 74 0.014 9.5229 78 0.014 9.2741
62 0.016 8.6784 66 0.016 9.3345 70 0.016 9.6539 74 0.016 9.6795 78 0.016 9.454
62 0.018 8.6944 66 0.018 9.3927 70 0.018 9.7488 74 0.018 9.8054 78 0.018 9.6052
62 0.02 8.6747 66 0.02 9.4174 70 0.02 9.8121 74 0.02 9.9015 78 0.02 9.7285
62 0.022 8.6204 66 0.022 9.4093 70 0.022 9.8445 74 0.022 9.9688 78 0.022 9.8249
62 0.024 8.5324 66 0.024 9.3694 70 0.024 9.8471 74 0.024 10.0082 78 0.024 9.8954
62 0.026 8.4116 66 0.026 9.2988 70 0.026 9.8209 74 0.026 10.0207 78 0.026 9.9409
62 0.028 8.2591 66 0.028 9.1983 70 0.028 9.7668 74 0.028 10.0072 78 0.028 9.9624
62 0.03 8.0757 66 0.03 9.0689 70 0.03 9.6857 74 0.03 9.9687 78 0.03 9.9608
62 0.032 7.8624 66 0.032 8.9116 70 0.032 9.5786 74 0.032 9.9062 78 0.032 9.937
62 0.034 7.6202 66 0.034 8.7273 70 0.034 9.4464 74 0.034 9.8205 78 0.034 9.8921
62 0.036 7.3501 66 0.036 8.5169 70 0.036 9.2902 74 0.036 9.7127 78 0.036 9.827
62 0.038 7.0529 66 0.038 8.2815 70 0.038 9.1108 74 0.038 9.5836 78 0.038 9.7427
62 0.04 6.7296 66 0.04 8.0219 70 0.04 8.9092 74 0.04 9.4344 78 0.04 9.64
62 0.042 6.3813 66 0.042 7.7392 70 0.042 8.6864 74 0.042 9.2658 78 0.042 9.52
62 0.044 6.0087 66 0.044 7.4342 70 0.044 8.4434 74 0.044 9.0789 78 0.044 9.3835
62 0.046 5.613 66 0.046 7.108 70 0.046 8.1809 74 0.046 8.8746 78 0.046 9.2316
62 0.048 5.195 66 0.048 6.7615 70 0.048 7.9002 74 0.048 8.6538 78 0.048 9.0653
62 0.05 4.7557 66 0.05 6.3956 70 0.05 7.602 74 0.05 8.4176 78 0.05 8.8853
62 0.052 4.2961 66 0.052 6.0113 70 0.052 7.2873 74 0.052 8.1669 78 0.052 8.6928
62 0.054 3.817 66 0.054 5.6095 70 0.054 6.9571 74 0.054 7.9026 78 0.054 8.4887
62 0.056 3.3196 66 0.056 5.1912 70 0.056 6.6123 74 0.056 7.6256 78 0.056 8.2739
62 0.058 2.8046 66 0.058 4.7574 70 0.058 6.254 74 0.058 7.337 78 0.058 8.0493
62 0.06 2.2731 66 0.06 4.309 70 0.06 5.883 74 0.06 7.0377 78 0.06 7.816
62 0.062 1.7261 66 0.062 3.847 70 0.062 5.5003 74 0.062 6.7287 78 0.062 7.5749
m+
62 0.064 1.1644 66 0.064 3.3723 70 0.064 5.1068 74 0.064 6.4108 78 0.064 7.3269
62 0.066 0.589 66 0.066 2.8858 70 0.066 4.7036 74 0.066 6.085 78 0.066 7.0729
62 0.068 0.0009 66 0.068 2.3886 70 0.068 4.2915 74 0.068 5.7524 78 0.068 6.8141
62 0.07 0 66 0.07 1.8815 70 0.07 3.8715 74 0.07 5.4138 78 0.07 6.5512
62 0.072 0 66 0.072 1.3656 70 0.072 3.4446 74 0.072 5.0703 78 0.072 6.2852
62 0.074 0 66 0.074 0.8417 70 0.074 3.0117 74 0.074 4.7227 78 0.074 6.0172
62 0.076 0 66 0.076 0.3109 70 0.076 2.5738 74 0.076 4.372 78 0.076 5.748
62 0.078 0 66 0.078 0 70 0.078 2.1319 74 0.078 4.0191 78 0.078 5.4787
62 0.08 0 66 0.08 0 70 0.08 1.6868 74 0.08 3.6651 78 0.08 5.2101
80 0 6.8855 84 0 6.2997 88 0 5.6152 92 0 4.8749 100 0 3.3975
80 0.002 7.2964 84 0.002 6.7118 88 0.002 6.0229 92 0.002 5.2723 100 0.002 3.7574
80 0.004 7.6729 84 0.004 7.0914 88 0.004 6.3999 92 0.004 5.6411 100 0.004 4.0926
80 0.006 8.0158 84 0.006 7.4394 88 0.006 6.7472 92 0.006 5.9821 100 0.006 4.4038
80 0.008 8.3261 84 0.008 7.7567 88 0.008 7.0659 92 0.008 6.2963 100 0.008 4.6922
80 0.01 8.6048 84 0.01 8.0443 88 0.01 7.3567 92 0.01 6.5847 100 0.01 4.9586
80 0.012 8.8528 84 0.012 8.3032 88 0.012 7.6208 92 0.012 6.8483 100 0.012 5.204
80 0.014 9.071 84 0.014 8.5343 88 0.014 7.859 92 0.014 7.088 100 0.014 5.4294
80 0.016 9.2605 84 0.016 8.7385 88 0.016 8.0723 92 0.016 7.3046 100 0.016 5.6358
80 0.018 9.4221 84 0.018 8.9169 88 0.018 8.2617 92 0.018 7.4993 100 0.018 5.824
80 0.02 9.5569 84 0.02 9.0703 88 0.02 8.4281 92 0.02 7.6729 100 0.02 5.995
80 0.022 9.6657 84 0.022 9.1997 88 0.022 8.5724 92 0.022 7.8264 100 0.022 6.1498
80 0.024 9.7496 84 0.024 9.3061 88 0.024 8.6956 92 0.024 7.9608 100 0.024 6.2893
80 0.026 9.8095 84 0.026 9.3905 88 0.026 8.7987 92 0.026 8.077 100 0.026 6.4145
80 0.028 9.8463 84 0.028 9.4537 88 0.028 8.8827 92 0.028 8.1759 100 0.028 6.5264
80 0.03 9.861 84 0.03 9.4968 88 0.03 8.9484 92 0.03 8.2586 100 0.03 6.6258
80 0.032 9.8546 84 0.032 9.5206 88 0.032 8.9968 92 0.032 8.3259 100 0.032 6.7138
80 0.034 9.8279 84 0.034 9.5262 88 0.034 9.0289 92 0.034 8.3788 100 0.034 6.7914
80 0.036 9.7821 84 0.036 9.5145 88 0.036 9.0457 92 0.036 8.4184 100 0.036 6.8593
80 0.038 9.7179 84 0.038 9.4864 88 0.038 9.048 92 0.038 8.4454 100 0.038 6.9187
80 0.04 9.6364 84 0.04 9.4429 88 0.04 9.0369 92 0.04 8.4609 100 0.04 6.9704
80 0.042 9.5384 84 0.042 9.385 88 0.042 9.0132 92 0.042 8.4659 100 0.042 7.0154
80 0.044 9.4251 84 0.044 9.3136 88 0.044 8.978 92 0.044 8.4612 100 0.044 7.0548
80 0.046 9.2973 84 0.046 9.2296 88 0.046 8.9323 92 0.046 8.4479 100 0.046 7.0893
80 0.048 9.156 84 0.048 9.1341 88 0.048 8.8768 92 0.048 8.4269 100 0.048 7.12
80 0.05 9.0021 84 0.05 9.028 88 0.05 8.8127 92 0.05 8.3991 100 0.05 7.1478
80 0.052 8.8365 84 0.052 8.9121 88 0.052 8.7409 92 0.052 8.3656 100 0.052 7.1737
80 0.054 8.6603 84 0.054 8.7875 88 0.054 8.6622 92 0.054 8.3272 100 0.054 7.1987
80 0.056 8.4744 84 0.056 8.6552 88 0.056 8.5778 92 0.056 8.2849 100 0.056 7.2236
80 0.058 8.2798 84 0.058 8.5161 88 0.058 8.4884 92 0.058 8.2396 100 0.058 7.2495
80 0.06 8.0773 84 0.06 8.3711 88 0.06 8.3952 92 0.06 8.1924 100 0.06 7.2773
80 0.062 7.868 84 0.062 8.2211 88 0.062 8.2989 92 0.062 8.1442 100 0.062 7.3079
80 0.064 7.6528 84 0.064 8.0672 88 0.064 8.2007 92 0.064 8.0958 100 0.064 7.3423
80 0.066 7.4327 84 0.066 7.9104 88 0.066 8.1014 92 0.066 8.0484 100 0.066 7.3815
80 0.068 7.2085 84 0.068 7.7514 88 0.068 8.0019 92 0.068 8.0028 100 0.068 7.4264
80 0.07 6.9814 84 0.07 7.5914 88 0.07 7.9033 92 0.07 7.9599 100 0.07 7.478
80 0.072 6.7521 84 0.072 7.4312 88 0.072 7.8066 92 0.072 7.9208 100 0.072 7.5371
80 0.074 6.5217 84 0.074 7.2719 88 0.074 7.7125 92 0.074 7.8864 100 0.074 7.6049
80 0.076 6.2912 84 0.076 7.1143 88 0.076 7.6222 92 0.076 7.8577 100 0.076 7.6822
80 0.078 6.0614 84 0.078 6.9594 88 0.078 7.5365 92 0.078 7.8355 100 0.078 7.7699
80 0.08 5.8333 84 0.08 6.8082 88 0.08 7.4565 92 0.08 7.8209 100 0.08 7.8691
82 0 6.6076 86 0 5.9671 90 0 5.2494 94 0 4.4971 98 0 3.7531
82 0.002 7.0198 86 0.002 6.3777 90 0.002 5.6526 94 0.002 4.8873 98 0.002 4.1245
82 0.004 7.3986 86 0.004 6.7567 90 0.004 6.0262 94 0.004 5.2498 98 0.004 4.4702
82 0.006 7.7447 86 0.006 7.1051 90 0.006 6.3711 94 0.006 5.5855 98 0.006 4.791
mU
82 0.008 8.0593 86 0.008 7.4238 90 0.008 6.6883 94 0.008 5.8954 98 0.008 5.088
82 0.01 8.3431 86 0.01 7.7137 90 0.01 6.9786 94 0.01 6.1805 98 0.01 5.3621
82 0.012 8.5973 86 0.012 7.9759 90 0.012 7.2431 94 0.012 6.4416 98 0.012 5.6142
82 0.014 8.8226 86 0.014 8.2113 90 0.014 7.4828 94 0.014 6.6799 98 0.014 5.8453
82 0.016 9.0202 86 0.016 8.4208 90 0.016 7.6985 94 0.016 6.8961 98 0.016 6.0563
82 0.018 9.1909 86 0.018 8.6053 90 0.018 7.8912 94 0.018 7.0913 98 0.018 6.2483
82 0.02 9.3357 86 0.02 8.766 90 0.02 8.0619 94 0.02 7.2664 98 0.02 6.4221
82 0.022 9.4556 86 0.022 8.9035 90 0.022 8.2116 94 0.022 7.4224 98 0.022 6.5787
82 0.024 9.5514 86 0.024 9.0191 90 0.024 8.3411 94 0.024 7.5602 98 0.024 6.7191
82 0.026 9.6243 86 0.026 9.1135 90 0.026 8.4514 94 0.026 7.6807 98 0.026 6.8442
82 0.028 9.675 86 0.028 9.1878 90 0.028 8.5436 94 0.028 7.785 98 0.028 6.9549
82 0.03 9.7046 86 0.03 9.2429 90 0.03 8.6185 94 0.03 7.874 98 0.03 7.0523
82 0.032 9.714 86 0.032 9.2797 90 0.032 8.6771 94 0.032 7.9487 98 0.032 7.1373
82 0.034 9.7042 86 0.034 9.2993 90 0.034 8.7203 94 0.034 8.0099 98 0.034 7.2108
82 0.036 9.6761 86 0.036 9.3025 90 0.036 8.7491 94 0.036 8.0586 98 0.036 7.2738
82 0.038 9.6307 86 0.038 9.2904 90 0.038 8.7645 94 0.038 8.0959 98 0.038 7.3272
82 0.04 9.5689 86 0.04 9.2638 90 0.04 8.7675 94 0.04 8.1226 98 0.04 7.372
82 0.042 9.4917 86 0.042 9.2237 90 0.042 8.7588 94 0.042 8.1397 98 0.042 7.4092
82 0.044 9.4 86 0.044 9.1712 90 0.044 8.7396 94 0.044 8.1482 98 0.044 7.4396
82 0.046 9.2949 86 0.046 9.107 90 0.046 8.7108 94 0.046 8.149 98 0.046 7.4643
82 0.048 9.1771 86 0.048 9.0322 90 0.048 8.6733 94 0.048 8.143 98 0.048 7.4842
82 0.05 9.0478 86 0.05 8.9478 90 0.05 8.6281 94 0.05 8.1313 98 0.05 7.5003
82 0.052 8.9078 86 0.052 8.8547 90 0.052 8.5761 94 0.052 8.1148 98 0.052 7.5135
82 0.054 8.7582 86 0.054 8.7538 90 0.054 8.5183 94 0.054 8.0943 98 0.054 7.5247
82 0.056 8.5998 86 0.056 8.6461 90 0.056 8.4556 94 0.056 8.071 98 0.056 7.535
82 0.058 8.4336 86 0.058 8.5326 90 0.058 8.389 94 0.058 8.0457 98 0.058 7.5452
82 0.06 8.2606 86 0.06 8.4141 90 0.06 8.3195 94 0.06 8.0193 98 0.06 7.5564
82 0.062 8.0817 86 0.062 8.2918 90 0.062 8.2479 94 0.062 7.9929 98 0.062 7.5694
82 0.064 7.8978 86 0.064 8.1664 90 0.064 8.1754 94 0.064 7.9674 98 0.064 7.5853
82 0.066 7.71 86 0.066 8.039 90 0.066 8.1027 94 0.066 7.9438 98 0.066 7.605
82 0.068 7.5192 86 0.068 7.9106 90 0.068 8.0309 94 0.068 7.9229 98 0.068 7.6294
82 0.07 7.3263 86 0.07 7.782 90 0.07 7.9609 94 0.07 7.9058 98 0.07 7.6595
82 0.072 7.1323 86 0.072 7.6542 90 0.072 7.8937 94 0.072 7.8934 98 0.072 7.6962
82 0.074 6.9382 86 0.074 7.5282 90 0.074 7.8301 94 0.074 7.8867 98 0.074 7.7406
82 0.076 6.7448 86 0.076 7.405 90 0.076 7.7713 94 0.076 7.8866 98 0.076 7.7935
82 0.078 6.5532 86 0.078 7.2854 90 0.078 7.7181 94 0.078 7.894 98 0.078 7.8559
82 0.08 6.3643 86 0.08 7.1705 90 0.08 7.6715 94 0.08 7.91 98 0.08 7.9288
;
%let nlevels=8;
%let colors='black vibg cyan green lime gold orange red';
proc means data= VIKHUAN noprint min max;
var nhiet nongdo nsuat;
output out=range
min=nhietmin nongdomin nsuatmin
max=nhietmax nongdomax nsuatmax;
run;
data _null_;
set range;
call symput('nhietmin', nhietmin);
call symput('nhietmax', nhietmax);
call symput('nongdomin', nongdomin);
call symput('nongdomax', nongdomax);
call symput('nsuatmin', nsuatmin);
call symput('nsuatmax', nsuatmax);
call symput('floor', int(nsuatmin-4));
call symput('ceil', int(nsuatmax+2));
mB
call symput('step', (nsuatmax- nsuatmin)/&nlevels);
run;
proc sort data= VIKHUAN;
by nhiet nongdo;
run;
data plane1 surf1;
length function color $ 8;
retain xsys ysys zsys '2';
drop nongdo nhiet nsuat ncol;
set VIKHUAN;
by nhiet;
x=nhiet; y=nongdo; z=&floor;
if first.nhiet then function='move';
else
do;
function='draw';
ncol=min(&nlevels,int(1+(nsuat-&nsuatmin)/&step));
color=scan(&colors,ncol);
end;
output plane1;
z=nsuat; output surf1;
run;
proc sort data= VIKHUAN;
by nongdo nhiet;
run;
data plane2 surf2;
drop nongdo nhiet nsuat ncol;
set VIKHUAN;
by nongdo;
x=nhiet; y=nongdo; z=&floor;
if first.nongdo then function='move';
else
do;
function='draw';
ncol=min(&nlevels,int(1+(nsuat-&nsuatmin)/&step));
color=scan(&colors,ncol);
end;
output plane2;
z=nsuat; output surf2;
run;
data legend;
drop legend ncol;
do legend=&nsuatmin to (&nsuatmax-&step) by &step;
x=&nhietmin; y=&nongdomax; z=legend;
function='poly'; style='solid';
ncol=min(&nlevels, int(1+(legend+(&step/2)-&nsuatmin)/&step));
color=scan(&colors,ncol); output;
z=legend+&step;
function='polycont'; output;
x=&nhietmin+(&nhietmax-&nhietmin)*.05; output;
z=legend; output;
end;
run;
data annoall;
set surf1 surf2 plane1 plane2 legend;
run;
mz
data plotdata;
nhiet=&nhietmin; nongdo=&nongdomin; nsuat=&floor; output;
nhiet=&nhietmax; nongdo=&nongdomax; output;
run;
proc g3d data=plotdata;
scatter nongdo*nhiet=nsuat/rotate=40 xticknum=5 yticknum=5 zticknum=5
shape='point' zmin=&floor zmax=&ceil annotate=annoall;
label nongdo='Chat xuc tac(g)'
nhiet ='Nhiet do (do C)'
nsuat ='Nang suat sinh khoi(g)';
run;
quit;
0 . 0 0
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