DawAhMar Mandalay Natives

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rEav;olrEav;om;rsm;

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rEav;olrEav;om;rsm; vlxka' :t rm

rEav;olrEav;om;rsm;

uRefrwdkUjrefrmt rsdK;orD;awGpD;yGm;a&;vkyfi ef;awGxJrSmyg0i fvIyf&Sm;MuyHkrsm;u oabmusp&m
aumi f;vGef;vdkUuRefrvufvSrf;rDwJht rsKd;orD;MuD;awGudkt aMumi f;yNyD; "er*Zi f;rSmaqmi f;yg;av;awG
a&;om;azmfjycJhygw, f/ a&;cJhwJhrEav;olawGvdkyJ &efukef? ykodrf? armfvNrdKi fpwJh NrdKUMuD; NrdKUi , f
awGrSmvnf; pD;yGm;a&;vkyfi ef;awGxJrSmvkyfudki fa&mi f;0, faeol t rsdK;orD;awG[ m' keJUa' ;eJUyg/
uRefrwdkUrSmwpfbufu om;ukdoci f? vi fudkbk&m;oabmxm;NyD; rdef;rqdkwma, murt drfrSm
uReft BuD;qHk;t jzpfeJU ae&w, fqdkwJh uGefjzL;&Syf, Ofaus;rIMuD; zdpD;vTrf;rdk;wJhEdki fi HMuD; &Sdygw, f/
wpfbufrSmvnf; vi fa, mufsm;udk rdef;rav;Si fu ai GeJUay;0, f&NyD;? vi f&wmeJU wpfNydKi feuf
t drfwGi f; ykef;& acgi f;NrD;NcHK&wJh t pOft vmMuD; zdpD;xm;wJhEdki fi HMuD; Sdygw, f/ ' gayr, fh
' DEdki fi HMuD;awG&JUMoZm[ m uRefrwdkUjrefrmt rsdK;orD;awGudk b, fvdkrS t &dyfxdk;Nci f;? vTrf;rdk;Nci f;?
oufa&mufjci f;? a&mi fjyef[ yfjci f; rSdcJhygbl;/ pD;yGm;a&;vkyfi ef;vkyfudki f&mrSm jrefrmrdef;ru
armi fwpfxrf; r, fwpfGufrQru armi fxrf;ovdkr, fxrf;&wJht cgawGvJ SdcJhygw, f/ t ysdKMuD;b0?
rkqdk;rb0awGrSm rdom;pk&JUwm0efudk t "du 0efukdi ft NzpfeJU kef;uefwm0ef, laerIawGvJSdwJh
t rsdK;orD;awGyg/ ' Dvkd wm0ef, lEdki frI? wm0ef , lEdki favmufat mi f t ui f;yg; jzwfvwfrI?
vGwfvyfrIawGudk oabmusvGef;vkdU jrefrmhpD;yGm;a&;e, fxJu t rsdK;orD;awGudk armfuGef;
xdk;wJhoabmeJY"er*Zi f;rSma&;om;cJhwmyg/
' Dpmt kyfxJu ausmi f;t rMuD; a' :OD;ZGef;uawmhacwfynmwwfr[ kwfwJhydk;ukefonf t ysdKMuD;
wpfa, muf/ MuD;rm;wJho' g? jzLpi fjri fhjrwfvSwJh apwemawGeJU? olUSdypnf;t m;vHk;udk cdkudk;&mrJh
vlt dkrsm;t wGuf v' gef;pGefUvTwfNyD; vlt dkrsm;ckdudk;p&mvlt dkHkawGaqmufvkyf zGi fhvSpfoGm;cJhwJhpHjy
y&[ dwol&Jaumi f; t rsdK;orD;BuD;yg/ ' DacwfrSmy&[ dwvkyfi ef;awGudk pGrf;pGrf;wrHGufaqmi fwJh
urmausmft rsdK;orD;rsm; Sdygw, f/ uRefrwdkUa' :OD;ZGef;[ m' Dt rsdK;orD;awGxuf redrfhusHkomru
udk, fydki f&Sdypnf; t ajrmuft rsm;udkyg t m;vHk; pGefUvTwfv' gef;NyD; t oufxufqHk; vkyfaqmi foGm;wJh
t rsdK;orD;BuD;rdkU?dk;dk;y&[ dwvkyfi ef;&yfvkyfolrsm;xuf omvGefygao;w, f/
rpdk;&drfwdkufausmi f;MuD;' g, um rdom;pkrsm;t aMumi f;uawmh aemi fvmaemi fom;rsm;t wGuf
rSwfwrf;wi fcJhwmyg/ r[ kwf&i f a&pMudKu ausmi f;' umBuD;OD;csi f;vdkjzpfrSmpdk;&ygw, f/ a&pMudKNrdKUrSm
&[ ef;oHCmawmfrsm; oDwi f;oHk;aexdki fzdkU t i frwef MuD;rm;cefUxnfaumi f;rGefwJh wdkufausmi f;MuD;
aqmufvkyfv' gef;oGm;wJh ausmi f;' umMuD;OD;csi f;qdkwmSdygw, f/ ' Dausmi f;' umMuD;t aMumi f;udk
t cdki ft rmrSwfwrf;wi fNyD; rSdavawmh OD;csi f;t aMumi f;[ m ' @m&DwpfckjzpfaeNyD;? x, fxdk;&i f;
a&Tt dk;awGUvdkU' Dwdkufausmi f;BuD;wnfaqmufEkdi fwmqdkovdkvdkajymqdkaeMu&ygw, f/
0rf;enf;p&mu wdkufausmi f;MuD;uvnf; a&pMudKrD;ab;MuD;rSmygoGm;cJh&vdkU ckxd rjyi fqi f
Ekdi fao;ygbl;/ rpdk;&drfwdkufausmi f;' umMuD;rsm;qdk&i f qi f;qi f;&J&JeJU dk;dk;rSwfrSwf SmazGcJhw, f/
t usdK;ay;vmwJht cg "rd, v' w&m;ojzi fh pi fpi fMu, fMu, f&vmwJh ypnf;udk Ak' bmomrsm;
jzpfwJht avsmuf &uf&ufa&ma&m v' gef;cJhMuw, f/ olwdkUt vu ri f;t vwrQ BuD;us, fwmrdkU
armfuGef;xdk;wmyg/
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rdkufolBuD;OD;armi fBuD;t aMumi f;uawmh uRefrwdkU jrefrmrIwpfckjzpfwJh t rIdufxJuaTSmenf;
rdkufxkwfwJht wwfynmudk oabmusvdkU rEav;u emrnfausmf rdkufolMuD;OD;armi fMuD;udk uRefr
oGm;awGUNyD; ar;wmjref;wmyg/ OD;armi fBuD;u 0rf;omt m;& olUt wwfynmudkajymjyHkru r[ mrked
bk&m;BuD;u rdkufxkwfwJhae&mudk uRefrvmMunfhzdkUac:NyD; t vkyfcGi frSm SdorQvkyfi ef;awGudk
vufawGUjy&i f; Si f;jyoGm;ygw, f/
&Gufykef;oD;olawmfpi fvdkUuRefruemrnfay;xm;wJht om;pm;aSmi fMuOfa&; OD;ausmfvSuawmh
uRefrurS' Dvdkrazmfxkwf&i f olUt aMumi f;udkvlodzdkUrvG, fwJhyk*dKvfyg/ rEav;NrdKUu wpfckwnf;aom
rD;oN*FKd[ fpuf&JU t vSi f? rEav;bdk;bGm;&dyfom ay:aygufvma&;t wGuf rwnfai Gudkv' gef;NyD;
t aumi f t xnf ray:rcsi f; aphaqmfaqmi fGufol? wjcm; ukefpi fat mi f razmfxkwfEkdi fwJht vawGudk
ay;voGm;ol yk*dKvfxl;udkuRefrodorQazmfxkwfwi fNywmyg/
Ak' bmom&[ ef;awmfrsm; oHCmawmfrsm; 0wfHkwJhouFef;? ydEJqdk;acwfuaeNyD; "mwfaq;qdk;
acwfudk ul;ajymi f;ay;wJh AEKvOD;qdki ft aMumi f;uawmh ordki f;rSmt csdK;t qpfwpfckudk rSwfrdat mi f
jyefvnfaz:xkwfxm;wmjzpfygw, f/
Adokumq&mqdki ft aMumi f;uawmh wpfaeUwjcm;NrdKUoGi fjyi fvuP mawG ajymi f;vJaewJh
rEav;rSm]]' grEav;ygyJ}}vdkUajymEdki fao;at mi f jrefrmrIt jynfUyg0i fwJhomoemht aqmuft t HkawGudk
aqmufvkyfay;cJhwJhjrefrmAdokumq&mMuD;udkat mufarhowd&vdkU*kP fy a&;om;wmyg/
vufa0SUausmf usm;bndrf;uawmh rEav;udkcspfwJhrEav;om;? rEav;uvJcspfwJh
usm;bndrf;t aMumi f;yg/ bndrf; pdwf, kwfrmeJU b, folUt ay: b, fvdkvkyfcJhw, fvdkU
vufndK;xdk;jyp&mr&SdolrdkUbndrf;udkrEav;ucspfMuw, f/ olu vufa0SUqdkwmt EkynmygwJhav/
t J' Dt EkynmudkyJ wpfoufvHk; olu zufwG, fxm;w, f/ vufa0SUrxdk;&&i f pma&;r, f/ 12
aumi fusm; upm;r, f? yef;csDqGJr, f? pmzwfr, f qdkwJhvl/ ' gaMumi fh b, folUudkrS epfemat mi f
rvkyfcJhbJ ol, HkMunf&mudk wpfoufyefvHk; vkyfaqmi foGm;ol? vufa0SUt wGufvljzpfvm&olvdkU
xi f&wJh]]usm;uav;}}udkt vGrf;ajy uRefru olUt aMumi f;a&;xm;wmyg/
bMuD;jrqdkwJh yk*dKvfuawmh rEav;rSm rarG;ayr, fh rEav;rSmyJ ESpfawGMumjri fhvSpGm
aexdki foGm;wJh yk*dKvfMuD;? arwmw&m;udk , HkMunfyGm;rsm;NyD; t ouf(90)ausmft xd a&S;a[ mi f;
okawoe vkyfi ef;rsm;udk vkyfaqmi foGm;Edki fwJh ynmSi fBuD;rdkU t wk, lp&m? t m;usp&m? aus;Zl;
wi fp&m?av;pm;p&myk*dKvft jzpfeJUwi fjycJhwmyg/
opfyi f' umMuD;ODai Gt aMumi f;uawmh uRefrwdkUAk' bmomawGu qi f;&JvdkU ay;urf;pGefUBuJwJh
t vrsdK;ryEdki f&i f ]]rSdvdkUrv- rvvdkUrSd}}wmvdkUajymavhSdMuw, f/ t vqdkwmai GaMu;"eSdMurS
vkyfEdki fw, fvdkU t rsm;t m;Nzi fh , HkMunfMuw, fav/ qdkufum;orm;MuD; OD;ai Guawmh ai GaMu;
rSdayr, fh apwemawG? arwmawG? o' gawGSdygw, f/ ' gaMumi fh olu ylt dkufwJh rEav;rSm
at ;jrwJh t &dyf t m0goawGay;r, fh opfyi fawGudkpdkufNyD;vcJhw, f/ wpfa, mufcsrf;omudk, fhzdkUSm
ow0gt aygi f; qi f;&JaMumi f;wJh/ [ pfwvmwdkUbkef;rD;aevxGef;yawmhOa&mywpfwdkufvHk; rD;avmi f
jymusNyD; vlawGt eE aoaus' kua&mufcJh&w, f/ vlUavmuqdkwm ' Dvdkyk*dKvfrsdK;vJ
ay:aygufvmwmyJ/ OD;ai Gvdk b, favmufqi f;&Jqi f;&J? b, favmufcGeft m;rJhrJh? arwm apwem
aumi f;rGef jzLpi f&i f vlawGt rsm;MuD;udk csrf;omokc&at mi f vkyfEdki fwmyJqdkNyD; ' D
vlUolawmfpi fMuD;t aMumi f;udkvnf; a&;om; armfuGef; wi fcJhwmyg/
' Daqmi f;yg;awGjzpfajrmufa&;t wGuf uRefrudkt bufbufu 0dki f;0ef;ulnDay;MuwJhyk*dKvfawG?
oufqdki folrsm;&JUaqGrsdK;om;csi f;awGudkt xl;aus;Zl;wi fSdaMumi f; azmfjyyg&ap/
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rEav;olBuD;awG

rEav;NrdKUBuD;[ macwfawGuajymi f;? rD;BuD;awGu t BudrfBudrfavmi fuRrf;cH&awmh rEav;
yHkpHawGu ajymi f;rSefrod ajymi f;ajymi f;aeygw, f/ uRefrwdkUi , fi , f ' kwd, urmppfBuD; rjzpfci fu
rEav;t aet xm;eJU uaeUrEav;t aet xm;qdk&i f t i frwefBuD;udk uGmjcm;vdkUaeygNyD/ ' gayr, fh
uGmjcm;rIudkodrDvdkufolawGurSod&Sdygw, f/

aps;csdKawmfol-

rEav;&JU *kP fowi f;udk aqmi fcJholawGxJrSmrEav;olMuD;awG&JUt cef;u@[ menf;vSwm
r[ kwfygbl;/
uRefrwdkUNrdKUu ri f;aejynf? ri f;NrdKUawmfa[ mi f;/ ' gaMumi fht rsdK;om;, Ofaus;rI&JUt csuft jcm
a' oawmhrSefw, f/ ' gayr, fht *Fvdyft kyfpdk;wJht csdefupNyD; uaeUacwft xdt kyfpdk;olrsm; Hk;pdkuf&m
NrdKUawmf r[ kwfbl;/ ' gaMumi fhrEav;&JU&yfwnfrI[ mpD;yGm; ukefoG, fa&;eJU&yfwnf&w, f/ ' Dvkd
&yfwnfawmhukefypnf;jzefUjzL;a&;rSmt &i fuawmhvufvDvufum;udkyk*vduorm;awGu udki fwG, f
jzefUcsdwmjzpfvdkUaps;onfqdkwmt vGefrsm;jym;wJhvlwef;pm;wpf&yft jzpfeJUrEav;rSmSdcJhMuw, f/
t J' DvdkSdawmh uRefrwdkUjrefrmt rsdK;orD;u t drfeD;csi f;ukvm;vdk? wkwfvdk a, musfm; vufa0cHrS
r[ kwfbJ? a, mufsm;eJU&i fabmi fwef;NyD; vkyfudki fpm;aomufwJht rsdK;qdkawmh aps;onf vlwef;pm;rSm
t rsdK;orD;xku t rsm;qHk;?&mcdki fEIef; 90 eD;yg;&Sdwmaygh/
a&S;u rEav;t aMumi f;ajymMu&i f aps;csdKBuD;t aMumi f;rygbJrNyD;bl;/ aps;csdKBuD;eJU
aps;csdKolawGt aMumi f;uvJ pHkaeat mi fajymMuwmyJ/ olwdkUu ajymvJajymavmufaywmudk;/
uRefrwdkUrEav;rSmaS;u orD;udkbDat t rfat at mi fwJht xdynmoi fay;zdkU&nfrSef;wJh
rdbu t &m&Sdt &mcHavmufyJ&Sdwmyg/ usefNrdKUolNrdKUom; vlvwfwef;pm;u orD;rdef;uav;udk
t a&mi f;t 0, f wwfat mi foi fay;zdkYbJ t m;oefMuw, f/ vufvkyfvufpm;u vufrIynmbufudk
oi fapMuw, f/ ' gaMumi fhaopmSi fpmzwfwwf&i f? ' grSr[ kwf orD;rdef;uav;u t ylqmBuD;ylqmvdkY
10 wef;avmuft xdynmoi fay;jyD;&i f aps;csdKxJu udk, feJYci fri fuRrf;0i f&maps;onfBuD;awGqDudk
aps;oi ft yfygw, f/ ' g[ m vlvwfwef;pm;rdbwdki f; vkyfwwfwJhudpygyJ/ t J' Dvdkqdki fawGrSm
aps;oi fvdkuf&vdkU vc wpfjym;wpfcsyfrSr&ygbl;/ oi fay;wJhqdki fSi fudkvJ oi folu t caMu;ai G
ray;&ygbl;/ udk, fhxri f;csdKi fhav;udk, f, lNyD; qdki fSi feJU t wlqdki fzGi fh&NyD; t wlqdki fodrf;jyef&wmyg/
' Dvdkaps;oi fwmt enf;qHk; wpfESpfavmufawmhoi fMuwmyJ/
oi f&wmu ukefypnf;a&mi f;yHk0, fyHkwGi frubl;? t av; csdefcGi f wi f;awmi f; udki fwG, fyHkwGi f
rubl;? pum;t ajymt qdkwwfat mi f? vlt &dyft uJzrf;wwfat mi f aps;onfwpfa, muft wGuf
vdkt yfwJh yD, 0gpmpum;rsdK;udk ajymwwfat mi f? azmufonf&at mi ft xd a&mi f;wwfat mi f
oi fay;ygw, f/ yxrqHk;oi f&wJhoi fwef;uawmh vl&Jat mi f vlawmwdk;0Hhat mi f oi f&wmyg/
aemufwpfxpf vlrsdK;pHkeJUqufqHajymqdkwwfat mi f t a' :t G, ft a' : t art G, ft ar? t pfudkt G, f
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t pfudk ac:wwfajymwwf qufqHwwfat mi f oi f&wmyg/ aps;oi fwJhrdef;uav;awGu t ysdKawG?
t G, faumi f; t G, fvSawG? t rsm;t m;jzi fh t drfwGi f;ykef;awG? ' Dvdkrdef;uav;awGudk vlaygi f;pHk
vlrsdK;wpf&mhwpfyg; 0i fxGufa&mi f;0, fwJhaps;qdkwJhae&mBuD;udkac:xkwfvmNyD; a&mi f;wwf 0, fwwf
jzpfat mi f oi fMu&wmav/ t J .... awmfawmfuav; a&vnfNyDqdkwJht cg? udk, foi fcJhwJhqdki fu
ypnf;rsdK;udkjzpfap? wjcm;ypnf;rsdK;udkjzpfap? rdbuxkwfay;wJht &i f;t ESD;eJUpNyD; a&mi f;Edki f0, fEdki fNyD/
' gqdk&i f olUb0t wGuf t oufarG;rIwpfckudkqkyfudki frdNyDaygh/
aps;csdKMuD;qdkwmu aps;HkMuD;wpfHkwpfHkrSmukefypnf; wpfrsdK;wnf;udkomwi fa&mi f;wJhaps;/
t J' Dawmh udk, fhqdki fay:ua&mi f;wJhypnf;rsdK; wjcm;qdki fawG t rsm;MuD;ay:uvJ a&mi f;aewmyJ/
' Dvdk&Sdawmh aps;0, fuvdkufavQmufMunfhNyD; udk, fhMudKuf&mqdki frSm 0, fEdki fygw, f/ ' gaMumi fh
ukefypnf;wl? aps;wludk t NydKi ft qdki ft rsm;MuD;u a&mi f;ae&mrSm udk, fhqdki fua&mi f;vdkuf&zdkUu
odyft a&;MuD;ygw, f/ udk, fa&mi f;vdkuf&zdkUqdkwm udk, fuqufqHa&;aumi f;rS a&mi f;&Edki fwm
r[ kwfvm;/ t J' Dawmh aps;onf&JU t ajymt qdkcsdKomrI? 0, fcsi fhpzG, f qufqHwwfrIu odyf
t a&;MuD;wmaygh/ [ dkacwfwkef;u wpfOD;wnf;u vuf0g;MuD;t kyfNyD; a&mi f;wm0, fwmrsdK;
vHk;0rSdygbl;/
' gaMumi fh t J' Dacwfudk odrDwJhaps;onfawGu jynfolUqdki facwfu vcpm;t a&mi f;orm;udk
odyfpdwfysufygw, f/ olwdkU[ m aps;onfr[ kwfygbl;/ t pdk;&vcpm;ygvdkUvJajymygw, f/ olwdkUu
udk, fhqdki fuypnf;a&mi f;&a&;rS r[ kwfMubJudk;/ 0, fcsi f0, f? r0, fcsi fae t csdefwef&i ft drfjyefr, f?
vukef&i f vcxkwfr, fqdkwJh vlpm;awGqdkawmh aps;0, fu bmypnf;uav;r&Sdbl;vm; ar;&i f
ajzcsi frSajzwm? rMum;csi fa, mi faqmi faewwfao;? bmuav;jyprf;yg awmi f;&i f;vnf; aqmi fhMuD;
at mi fhBuD;?udk, fhypnf;udka&mi f;Mu0, fMuyHkeJUu rdk;eJUajrvdkuGmwmudk;/

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yef;uefonfa' :jr

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vdkUawmi fxm;NyD; aemufvlawGudk jycsi fyg&JU/ [ dkacwfu aps;onfqdkwm ' Dvkd[ mrsdK;ygvdkU/
odef;aygi f;rsm;pGm&i f;xm;wJh {&mrqdki fBuD;rSmaps;0, fawG0dki f;0dki f;vnfeJU a' :jr a&mi f;0, faeyHkudk
jyprf;csi fvdkUyg/
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awmGmawGu aumufyJoD;ESHay:vdkU t vt wef;ay;MuNyDqdk&i f uRefrwdkU t nmu awmi fol
v, form;awGay;wJht vu ai GulcHw, f? ai Guludk vufzuf&nfMurf;yef;uefeJU jyefygw, f/
awmt v&JUxHk;pHu t v[ mxri f;auR;v&ygw, f/ t vvmolu rdrdwwft m;oavmuf t vSi fudk
ai Gulygw, f/ ulai GudkvdkufNyD; t uljyefw, f&, fvdkU t vSi fu vufaqmi fjyefay;ygw, f/
t J' Dvufaqmi fu Oyrmai G1usyf ulw, fqdk&i f vufzuf&nfMurf;yef;uef 2 vHk; t uljyefw, f
qdkwmrsdK;vkyfwmyg/ ai G10 usyf ulcJh&i f yef;ueft vHk; 20 &cJhwmaygh/
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qdki faSUbufrSmwu, fa&mi f;aeoluawmh a' :jrqdkwJh t rsdK;orD;MuD;yg/ ' Dt rsdK;orD;BuD;u
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Page 12
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t dyf&mxJyufvufb0rSmyGJcai GoHk;aomi f;avmuf&at mi f Smay;oGm;ygao;owJh/
a' :jrupaeorD;wJh/ ' gayr, fh a' gorMuD;wJht jyi f olwpfyg;t ay: odyfonf;cHygw, f/
a' :jrudk aps;onfaumi f;BuD;wpfa, muft jzpfeJY rEav;NrdKUoljrdKUom;awGu olYudkrSwfrd owd&
aeMuwmyJ/

_ _ _ _ _ _ _


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t v, fwdkufMuD;qdkwmt aSUt aemuf (11) cef;? awmi faNrmuf (11) cef;? avSum; (4)
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oli , fcsi f; yGJukef;u OD;vef;qdkolu olvnf; a&pufqHk&at mi f ausmi f;wpfaqmi f 0i faqmufyg&ap
qdkawmh cspfvGef;wJh oli , fcsi f;rdkU aqmufcGi fhyvdkufvdkU 0de, e, lya' oausmi f;qdkNyD;? OD;vef;&JU
ausmi f;wpfaqmi f? olaX;OD;oufaS&JUorD; a' :0du aqmufvkyfv' gef;csi fygw, fqdkvdkU orD;eJUESrudk
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ausmi f;eJUt v, fwdkufMuD;uawmhOD;oufaSeJUolUom;OD;ausmfwdkU&JUaumi f;rIawGcsnf;yJ/
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OD;oufaSqdkwm NrdKUjyi fMuD;om;/ NrdKUjyi fMuD;u rEav;NrdKU&JUawmi fbuf (10) rdki fa0;wJh
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oHy&mawGpdkufwJh O, smOfBuD;&GmeJU uyfaewm/ at mi f' i fo&ufwdkU pH&o&ufwdkUqdkwmbk&i fudk
qufvmwJhvlawG&JUemrnfudk, lNyD; o&ufoD;udkac:vdkufwmNzpfw, f/
t J' DO, smOfawmfNrdKUjyi fMuD;uaeNyD; ODoufaSu rEav;udk vufzufajcmuf oGm;oGm;
a&mi f;w, f/ Srf;jynfawmi fydki f;u ajrjyefUudkqi f;cJh&i f [ kdwkef;u ckacwfvdkum;vrf;? &xm;vrf;u
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t J' Dawmh ODoufaSu jrpfom;oGm;NyD; vufzufajcmuf0, fw, f/ t J' Dvufzufajcmufudk rEav;
vma&mi f;w, f/ (10) rdki fc&D;udkycHk;eJUxrf;a&mi f;wJhycHk;xrf; vufzufajcmufonfaygh/
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armi fawmfwJh/ t i , fqHk;u orD;av;r0dwJh/ om;t MuD;av; armi fausmf t G, fa&mufvmawmht azu
vufzufajcmufa&mi f; ac:vdkU om;eJUt zESpfa, muf xrf;a&mi f;Muoaygh/ t J' Dvdka&mi f;wJht cg
a&mi f;vdkU0, fvdkUaumi f;ygw, f/ aumi f;awmhacsmi fvnfygw, f/ acsmi fvnfwJht cg ajcvsi foGm;NyD;
ycHk;xrf; a&mi f;wm yi fyef;t m;BuD;w, f/ vSnf;eJUEGm;0, fNyD; vSnf;eJUa&mi f;MupdkUvdkU OD;oufaSu
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a&mi f;aeMuowJh/
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t yrf;oufomat mi f acwcP vSnf;pcef;cscsi fvdkU jrpfavmi f;GmxJ0i fwJht cg? t 0i fvrf;t wdki f;
t aSUxJ oGm;NyD; wpfae&mrSm awmSi f;Muawmh OmP fawmfuav; 15 awmi favmufSdwJh
apwDi , fwpfql NcHKMum;u bGm;ceJay:vmowJh/ ' geJU qufNyD;Si f;Mujyefawmh
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wnfxm;udk;uG, fcJhwm/ Srf;rdzk&m;apmrGefvSqDu bk&m;Si f&JU "mwfawmft ppfudk
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' gaMumi fh ' Dbk&m;&JUbGJUu vuform;*lbk&m;jzpfw, fvdkU od&owJh/
' geJU&wemoHk;yg;udkav;pm;MunfndKwwfwJhOD;oufaSu ]]wynfhawmfwdkUa&mi f;vdkU0, fvdkUpD;yGm;
jzpfxGef;&i f apwDMuD;jzpfat mi f wnfxm;udk;uG, fygr, f}} vkdU t "d| mefyqkawmi f;NyD; ' Dvuform;*l
apwDuav;udkSi f;vi f;xm;cJhowJh/
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pD;yGm;jzpfvmwmrdkU NrdKUjyi fMuD;rSmraeawmhbJ rEav;udkajymi f;a&TUvmNyD; vufzufajcmufyGJHkMuD;
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OD;oufaSwnfaqmufcJhwJhblrdeufoefygyJ/
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vufzufpdku ausmufrJuaeNyD; rEav;udk EGm;0efwi fawGeJUyJqi f;w, f/ vufzufwi fawG[ m
EGm;ay:rSm wpfzufuydkwi fvdkUaumi f;at mi f EGm;o, fvdkUaumi f;at mi f &ufxm;wJhyHkyJ/ ckawmh
EGm;eJUro, f? um;eJUo, fMuNyDrdkU vufzufwi fvnf; uG, fygNyD/ yvyfpwpfMuD;awGeJU&ufxm;wJh
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vufzufudkEGm;0efwi feJUo, fwJhvkyfi ef;u wkwfEGm;0efwi form;&JUvkyfi ef;yg/ vufzuf
pkdufwJhyavmi fu wkwfudki Sm;NyD; o, f, lydkUaqmi fa&;wm0efay;wm? EGm;0efwi fwkwfu o, fc
, lwmSdw, f/ 0, fvmNyD; oludk, fwdki f rEav;rSmcsa&mi f;wmSdw, f/ t J' Dvufzufpdkwi fwJh
EGm;0efwi fawGrEav;rSmpcefcswJhae&muawmh 35 vrf;eJU 34 vrf;Mum;? 87 vrf;eJU 88
vrf;Mum;u O, smOfBuD;xJrSmaygh/ ckawmh t J' Dae&mudk a' ;0ef;vdkUac:w, f/ a' ;0ef;qdkwm
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OD;oufSnfwdkU? OD;ausmfwdkUu vufzufajcmuft jyi f vufzufpdkyga&mi f;0, fvmawmh
a' ;0ef;xJrSmyJ NcHMuD;wpfNcH0, fygw, f/ OD;ausmfu yGJukef;u olUt az&JUwdkufeJUqi fwl 2 xyfwdkuf 1
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qdkwJh vufzufpdkufyavmi fudk ai GBudKay;wJht xd t vkyfucsJUvmw, f/ vufzufqdkwm
awmi f;cg;yef;awGrSm pdkufwJht yi frsdK;? wpfawmi fvHk;pdkufw, f? awmi fawGt rsm;BuD;rSmpdkufw, f/
OD;ausmfwdkUu 0, f&i f awmi fvHk;uRwf 0, fEdki fw, f/ t vSrf;ay;wJhai GudkuyJ [ kdwkef;uai GeJU
av;i g;odef; xkwfay;wmrsdK;/ uRefrwdkUrEav;rSmwpfpHkwpfckudkodyfNyD;ydki fydki fEdki fEkdi f Sdae&i f ]]olu
' gudkawmh yavmi fydki fawmi fykdi fyJ}} vdkUajymavhSdw, f/ ' Dpum; OD;ausmfwdkU vufzufvkyfwJhacwfu
ay:wJhpum;wJh/ wpfawmi fvHk;u xGuforQ vufzufudk pdkuforQyavmi fawGqDu olu
&at mi f0, fEkdi fvkdUwJh/
OD;ausmfwdkU vufzufyGJHkwpfHk ausmufrJrSmvJ zGi fhcJhygao;w, f/ vufzufudk t pdka&m
t ajcmufa&m a&mi f;0, fawmh pD;yGm;a&;u ydkaumi f;vmw, f/ ydkwufvmw, f/ rEav;rSm
[ oFjy' g;a&mi f;wJh olaX;wpfa, muf OD;ausmfqdkwmSdao;w, f/ t J' DOD;ausmfeJU uGJ&at mi f
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]]vlrsm;csrf;omvmcsi f&i f ai GuvludkSmNyD;vmwm}}wJhav/ ajymvJajymp&mayudk;/
yxrurmppfMuD;jzpfawmh &efukefqdyfurf;rSm qm;awGt jynfUwi fvmwJh *smrefoabFmBuD;
wpfpi f; a&mufaew, f/ ppfjzpfawmhr, f? *smrefoabFmawGt *Fvdyfydki feufu t jrefqHk;xGufcGmNyD;
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*smreDudk jyefvmMuvdkU olwdkUt pdk;&u aqmfMowJht cg qm;oabFmMuD;u olUqm;awGudk &efukef
qdyfurf;rSm t ukef a&mi f;csypfcJhNyD;rS jyefcsi fw, f/ t J' gaMumi fh OD;ausmfudk ' Dqm;awGt m;vHk;
0, fvdkufyg? qm;zdk;ai Gudkvnf; t *FvdyfydkufqHracsygeJU/ OD;ausmfay;Edki foavmuf aTay;ygvdkU
qm;onfuqdkw, f/ aTeJU 0, fwm a&mi f;wmu vkyfaeusrSr[ kwfbJ OD;ausmfqDrSm qm;zdk;aT
t vHkt avmuf b, fSdyghrvJ/ ' gayr, fh *smrefu SdoavmufyJay;vdkufyg/ olvufcHNyD; qm;awG
ay;xm;cJhyghr, fqdkawmhOD;ausmf aps;aygaygMuD;eJUqm;wpfoabFm&vdkufowJh/
yxrurmppfjzpfwkef;u jrefrmEkdi fi Hu ppfwvi f; ppfajrjyi f t jzpfcH&wmr[ kwfawmh?
jrefrmEkdi fi Hu xGufukefawGaps;&vkdU jrefrm[ m wcsdKUolaX;jzpfcJhMuw, f/ vm;wyfawGudkauR;zdkU
yJjzLav;awG jrefrmEkdi fi HuqefawG 0, fwJht cg aps;aumi f;&MuvdkU vlcsrf;omawGSdcJhw, fvdkU
Mum;&zl;ygw, f/ yxrurmppfudk t aMumi f;yNyD; pD;yGm;wufvmolxJrSm vufzufausmfvdkUac:wJh
OD;ausmfvnf;wpfa, mufygwmaygh/
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a&mi f;pm;aewmudk rukefEkdi fbl;/ t J' Dawmh vufzufausmfuaeNyD; vlawGuolUudk qm;ausmfvdkU
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NrdKUjyi fMuD;om;qdkawmh yd#duwft ausmft armf NrdKUjyi fBuD;q&mawmfudkvnf; qnf;uyfudk;uG, fcGi fh
&cJhw, fav/ t J' gaMumi fh pD;yGm;wufpuwkef;u NrdKUjyi fBuD;q&mawmfudk ausmi f;aqmuf
vcsi fygw, fvdkU OD;oufaSu avQmufw, f/ q&mawmfuvJ t ajrmft jri fBuD;awmfrlwJh q&mawmf
jzpfavawmhausmi f;aqmufvcsi f&i f NrdKUjyi fBuD;rSmrveJU? rEav;rSmvvdkUt rdefUSdw, f/ ' gaMumi fh
rEav;u emrnfBuD; pmoi fwdkufBuD;wpfwdkufjzpfwJh bk&m;BuD;wkdufrSm OD;oufaSu t om;
ausmi f;BuD;wpfaqmi f aqmufvygw, f/ ' Dt om;ausmi f;BuD; rD;oi fhoGm;wJht cg bk&m;MuD;wdkuf&JU
t v, fwdkufBuD;NzpfwJht kwfwdkufMuD;udkaqmufvygw, f/
OD;oufaSwdkUrSm pD;yGm;a&;u t vGefaumi f;aejyefawmh bk&m;MuD;wdkufvdk pmoi fwdkufBuD;
t opfwpfwdkuf aqmufvkyfv' gef;vdkpdwf jzpfay:aewmaMumi fh a' ;0ef;&yfeJU ra0;vSwJhae&mu
O, smOfMuD;wpfckudkNrdKUawmf0efOD;aypdqDu0, f, lNyD; pmoi fwdkufBuD;aqmufvkyfzdkUpDpOfw, f/ OD;aypdu
' DO, smOfMuD;xJ olUajr;uav; ausmufaygufwkef;u vmxm;yD; aq;ukcJhowJh/ ausmufa&m*g
oufomvmwJht cg OD;aypdqDudkajy;? uav;oufomNyD rpdk;&drf&awmhbl;vdkU aeUwdki f;
owi f;ay;&owJh/ ' gaMumi fh OD;aypdu olUO, smOfMuD;udk rpdk;&drfO, smOfvdkU ac:aeowJh/
OD;oufaSwdkUu 0, fvdkufwJht cg ' DemrnfudkyJ r*FvmSdwJht wGuf qufvufac:a0:vdkU rpdk;&drf
ausmi f;wdkufqdkwJht rnfwGi fwmjzpfowJh/
OD;oufaSu O, smOft v, frSma&uefMuD;wpfuefSdavawmh a&uefBuD;udkzdkUNyD; (11) cef;
ywfvnfSdwJht v, fwdkufBuD; aqmufvkyfv' gef;oGm;ygw, f/ t J' g 1269 cku paqmufNyD; 1271
ckrSmNyD;pD;ygw, f/
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orD;a' :0du wpfausmi f;? OD;ausmf&JUoli , fcsi f; OD;vef;uwpfausmi f;? t m;vHk; ausmi f;&H (16)
ausmi f;aygh/
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pnf;urf;udkvnf; t vGefaumi f;rGefat mi fa&;qGJNyD; wi f;wi f;MuyfMuyfvJ vdkufemapcJhygw, f/
' DwkdufwmMuD;pnfyi fat mi f q&mwum MudK;yrf;vkyfaqmi foGm;MuyHkawG[ m t vGefcsD;usL;p&m
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aumi f;ygw, f/
OD;oufaS[ mt ouf 70 xdat mi f t oufSnfw, f/ OD;oufaSeJUOD;ausmfwdkUSdMuwkef;u
rpdk;&drfausmi f;wdkufMuD;xJu wdkufoHCmu rkd;Gm&i f qGrf;cHxGufp&mrvdkbl;/ ausmi f;eJUeD;wJh
xri f;qdki fawGrSm0i fNyD; jynfhpHkonft xd 0i fbkef;ay;/ NyD;&i f ausmi f;' umvxm;wJhu' fjym;udk
xri f;qdki fay;xm;cJh/ ausmi f;' um&JU vufrSwfygwJh ' Du' fjym;awGudkpkNyD; xri f;qdki fSi fawGu
ausmi f;' umMuD;awGqDydkufqHoGm;awmi f;&at mi f t JovdkvJ pDrHNyD; v' gef;cJhygw, f/
OD;oufaSeJUOD;ausmfwdkU&JUpDyGm;a&;[ myxrurmppfMuD;udkausmfvTm;Ekdi fcJhayr, fhoHk;ESpfoHk;rdk;
ppfwvi f;jzpfNyD; wkdi f;jynf zGwfzGwfnufnufaus&wJh ' kwd, urmppfudkawmh rausmfvTm;Ekdi fvdkU
om;t zESpfqufeJUyJ jywfoGm;&w, fvdkU ajym&r, fxi fygw, f/ olwdkU pD;yGm;a&;vkyfi ef;BuD;awG
rSdawmhayr, fhomoemyvkyfi ef;MuD;uawmhSi foefvsufrdkUom"kac:&ygao;w, f/
OD;oufaSu olpD;yGm;wufawmh "EHk;Gmem;u vuform;*lbk&m;udkvnf; OmP fawmf 25
awmi ft xdjri fhat mi f rGrf;rHNyD; ESpfpOfbk&m;yGJrsm; usi f;yudk;uG, foGm;ygw, f/

_ _ _ _ _ _ _


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Page 20
xi fwmyJ/ &cdki fjynfeJUawmi fi laZ, s0wD?jyi fOD;vGi f(arNrdKU)?jrpfMuD;em;pwJht dEd, vlrsdK; aygwJht &yfu
rHkni f;qDudk[ i f;cwfygw, f/
[ dkacwfu udk, fhEkdi fi HwGi f;rSmyJ qyfjymcsufwmuvJ t vGefenf;ygw, f/ pwD;b&m;om;u
awmi folawGqDu 0gudk0, fw, f/ *Grf;jzpfat mi f t aphxkwfpufawGeJU t aphxkwfNyD; *Grf;xkyfudk
jynfyydkUw, f/ 0gaphudk jri f;NcHrSm pufMuD;awGeJU qDMudwfNyD; qDt Munfudk abmhvHk;qDudk
yHk;wHqdyfuyfNyD; t aMumform;udka&mi f;ygw, f/ qDt aemufudkqi f;acs;wHk;qyfjymcsufNyD; a&mi f;ygw, f/
t J' Dacwfwkef;u pm;qDuawmh yJqDeJUESrf;qDyJ/ t J' g bmrSra&mraESmwmudk vluMudKufwmyJ/
OD;odef; qDpufMuD;u bmrSra&mbJ wpfoufvHk;a&mi f;csw, f/ ' Dacwfa&mufvmawmhqDxGufoD;ESHuvJ
ajryJeJUESrf;t jyi f qDt kef;wdkU? yef;ESrf;wdkU? aeMumwdkUay:vmw, f/ NyD;awmhqyfjymcsufzdkUt wGufqdkNyD;
r, fZ, faphudkMudwfwJhqD? MudKUoD;udkMudwfwJhMudKUqD? 0gaphudkMudwfwJh0gaphqD? uZi foD;udkMudwfwJh
uZi f;qD?wrmaphMudwfwJhwrmqD?MuufqlaphudkMudwfwJhMuufqlqDawG&Sdvmw, f/
' DvkdSd&mrSmwrmeJUMuufqluvGJ&i f wjcm;qDawGudk yJqD? ESrf;qDxJ t enf;eJUt rsm; a&m
a&mi f;Muw, f/ aps;csi f;uuGmvdkU? pm;omat mi fvkyfMuwmjzpfygw, f/ ESrf;qDppfppf? yJqDppfppfqdkwm
aq;azmfcsi f&i fawmi f rvG, fvSbl;jzpfvmygw, f/
t ck' DbufacwfrSmawmh qDt kef;oD;udkMudwfwJh pm;t kef;qDawG zufpyfu t MuD;t us, f
wi foGi f;vdkU? vlawGpm;Mu&wJhqDawGxJ pm;t kef;qD[ m&mcdki fEIef;t rsm;MuD; a&maESmaeygawmhw, f/
rEav;ukefpnf' dki fu Mum;&wJhowi f;rsm;t &qdk&i f ajryJeJUESrf;u jynfyudkw&m;0i fwi fydkUwm? arSmi fcdku
wi fydkUwmawG t rsm;MuD;Sdvmawmh yJaps;ESrf;aps;awGu wt m;aumi f;aeNyD; qDt kef;yDygawGu
ESpfodef;cGJavmuf0i faevdkU rEav;wpf0dkufrSmSdwJh qDpufawGjzi fh &mcdki fEIef; (90)avmuf
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vSnfhwmygyJ/ qDqHkaygi f; (64) qHkSdowJh/ aemufawmht dyfpfyJvmqdkwJhpufMuD;eJUMudwfvdkUqHkawG
rxm;awmhygbl;/ ]]pufeJUMudwfwmu qDusufoGm;w, f? rarT;bl;? ' gaMumi fh qHkeJUMudwfwJhqDrS
BudKufw, f}}qdkwJhvlrsdK;t wGufomqDqHk(4) vHk; csefxm;NyD; qHkqDwpfrsdK; cGJa&mi f;ygw, f/
OD;odef;pufBuD;u rpdk;&drfausmi f;wdkufBuD;&JU ajrmufzufuuyfvsuf? 35 at vrf;eJU 87
vrf;a' gi fhrSm jyayguf0i f;MuD;yg/ pufBuD;u ajrmufbufu? ESrf;*dka' gi fMuD;awGu awmi fbufu?
oGyf*dka' gi fMuD; wpfvHk;udkESrf;wi f;aygi f; (3000) avmufqefUwmMuD;awG(4) vHk;?(5) vHk; wef;pDNyD;
aqmufxm;wmyg/ ESrf;ay:wJh&moDqdk&i f wpfjynfvHk;uxGuforQESrf;udk0, fNyD; *dka' gi fxJoGi f;xm;NyD;
rSefrSefMuD; Mudwfa&mi f;oGm;wmygyJ/
rEav;NrdKUrSm i , fwkef;u qDvkyfi ef;vkyfcJhNyD; t ckt ouf (80) ausmfNyDrdkU pD;yGm;a&;u
t em;, laewJhqDOD;olawmfu ]]udkMuD;odef;wdkUt vkyfvkyfyHku t jrwfudk rw&m;&vdkU rw&m;r, lbl;?
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aygi f;vdkUoi f;vdkU aumi f;w, f/ pdwfMuD;r0i fbl;? olUqDu t ult nDvdkvdkU bmudkyJawmi f;awmi f;
OD;odef;u ulnDygw, f/ qi f;&Jcsrf;omra&G;yg/
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OD;odef;u rEav;NrdKUrSmemrnfMuD; olaX;rdom;pkxJu t i , fqHk;om;? rpdk;&drfausmi f;wdkuf
' umMuD; OD;oufaS&JUorD; a' :0d&JUa, mufsm;/ OD;odef;t aru rEav;NrdKUrSm Z&yfawGt rsm;MuD;
aqmufvolrdkU]]Z&yft rMuD;}}vdkUrEav;NrdKUuac:wJha' :rdef;uav;yg/ a' :rdef;uav;udkZ&yft rMuD;
ac:Muwmu olaqmufvwJhZ&yfcsnf; (26) vHk;SdwmrdkUygyJ/
OD;&Gef;wdkU a' :rdef;uav;wdkUu rlvjrefrmri f;rsm;vufxufu t i f;0rSm vufzuf
t a&mi f;t 0, f vkyfwJhvlcsrf;omawGygwJh/ OD;Gef;eJUa' :rdef;uav;uarG;wm-
1/ OD;om
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3/ [ oFjy' g;ausmf
4/ a' :Zi f
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8/ OD;oefUwdkUjzpfygw, f/
' Drdom;pku t m;vHk;udk, fydki fvkyfi ef;awGeJUcsnf; jzpfayr, fhpD;yGm;rcGJbJ t MumMuD;aeMuw, f/
t MuD;pum;udk t i , fawGu em;axmi fMu&w, f/ pnf;pHepfSdw, f? t oHk;t zef;ryg&bl;? t vwef;
awGudkvnf; yumoerygbJvMuw, f/
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wefaqmi frkef;vrSmouFef;t pHk(1000) eJUuxdefr&wJhausmi f;awGudkrdk;ay:us uxdefci f;vw, f/
olwdkUukodkvfawGu rEav;NrdKU acrmoD0HwdkufBuD;xJrSm t v, fwdkufMuD;t wGi f;u aTawG0i f;aewJh
avSum;MuD; 2 pi f;wyf wdkufausmi f;MuD; 1 aqmi f? rdk;aumi f;wdkufxJu t v, fwdkufMuD;[ mvJ
orD;a' :rSi f&JU aumi f;rIyg/ a' :rSi fudk yJhei f;MuD;&JUom;eJU xdrf;jrm;awmha, mufsm;bufu a&Tt dwf?
ai Gt dwfawGeJUt cdki f;t ap 4 pHkxnfhNyD;awmi f;&rf;wmygwJh/
OD;odef;uawmhjri f;arG;zdkU0goemygw, f/ acG;arG;zdkU0goemygw, f/ yef;yi fpdkufw, f? i SufrsdK;pHk
arG;xmwmvJ&Sdygw, f/ acG;udkEkdi fi Hjcm;uacG;rsdK;awGudkrSm0, fNyD;arG;wm/ rEav;NrdKUrSmbl;vfa' ghqdkwJh
acG;bDvl;rsdK;udk OD;odef;arG;rSjri fzl;wJhvlawG jynfhvdkUyg/ OD;odef;u wpfaeUawmh olUacG;bDvl;u
oGm;raumi f;vdkUwJh oGm;udk aTpGyfay;xm;ygw, f/ ' DacG;MuD;udk oloGm;&m um;ay:wi foGm;awmh
acG;aToGm;pdkufwm vlawGu jri fzl;Mu&wmaygh/ t J' Dacwfu a&ToGm; t vSpdkufwmvJ
acwfpm;ao;awmhaToGm;eJUvludkqDodef;acG;vdkUac:MuwmeJUt vSpdkufrI aysmufuG, foGm;cJhzl;ygw, f/
ODodef;u NydKi fjri f;vnf;arG;w, f/ 0i f;odef; (1) wdkU (2) wdkU qdkNyD; qkzvm;awG, laewm
OD;odef; jri f;awGaygh/ rEav;&yfuGufwumrSmaS;u t aysmfwrf;zGJUxm;wJh t dk;pnf0kdi f;awGSdw, f/
' D0dki f;awGudk NydKi fyGJusi f;yNyD; OD;odef;u qkzvm;ay;w, f/ jci f;vHk;wdkU abmhvHk;wdkUudk t m;ay;w, f/
OD;odef;rSmZeD;a' :0dt jyi f a' :t kef;pdefeJUa' :t m, m;qdkNyD; ZeD; (2) a, mufSdygao;w, f/
OD;odef; aoqHk;oGm;wJhaemuf om;awGuqufNyD; qDvkyfi ef;udk vkyfygao;w, f/
om;awGvufxufrSm t azhacwfwkef;uavmuf rMuD;us, fygbl;/ aemuft jrwfawmfcGef
MuD;MuD;av;av;awmi f;awmh qDudka&maESmvnf; ra&mi f;Ekdi fbl;? pm&i f;vJvdrfrjyEdki fbl;?
pnf;Muyfoavmufvnf; ray;Ekdi fbl;qdkNyD; vkyfi ef;udkydwfypfvkdufMuygw, f/
OD;odef; qDvkyfi ef;BuD;vkyfpOft cgu t jrwf, lwJhEIef;xm;[ mt vGefenf;ygw, f/ t &yfpum;eJY
ajym&&i f csdK;uyfcsi f;uyfudk pm;w, f? qdkwmrsdK;yg/ ' gayr, fh t dk;MuD;MuD;csuf jzpfavawmh
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csdK;uyfwmuvnf; csdK;MuD;MuD;uyfEdki fwmaygh/ OD;odef;&JU vufoef;rSm0wfxm;wJhpdefvufpGwfMuD;[ m
(64) &wD&SdygowJh/ OD;odef;qHk;awmht ouf(52) ESpfyJ&Sdygao;w, f/
rEav;NrdKUrSmudk, fydki fajr 0, fxm;NyD; udk, fydki focFsKdi f;xm;&Sdwma' :rdef;uav;&JUom;orD;awG
OD;odef;wdkUnDt pfudkarmi fESrawGygyJ/ ' DocFsKdi f;rSmZeD;awGa, mufsm;awGudkawmi f jrKyfESHcGi fhryygbl;/
OD;pdk;&JUZeD; rrykwpfOD;udkomyJ nDt pfudkarmi fESrrsm;t m;vHk;&JU oabmwlnD cGi fhjyKcsuft &
a' :rdef;uav;&JUrdom;pkudk, fydki focFsKdi f;rSmjrKyfESHcGi fhay;xm;wmyg/

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Page 23


e*g;a' :OD;

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aq;ayghvdyfcHkBuD;awG b, favmufBuD;w, fqdkqdk ' DcHkuxGufwJhaq;vdyf[ m wpfNrdKUe, foHk;yJ
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rEav;wdki f;xJudk jyefUESHw, f/ urmppfBuD;&JU ' DbufacwfrSm &efukeft xdjzefUcsdw, f/
NyD;awmhwpfEdki fi HvHk;udk jzefUcsdvmygw, f/ vufeJUvdyfwJh wdki f;&i f;aq;vdyfwpfck wpfjynfvHk;
t wdki f;t wmeJU a&mi f;cs&w, fqdkwm e*g;aq;vdyfyJSdw, f/ ' Daq;vdyfudk yxr udkxGef;cRefeJU
rOD;wkdUu 1938 ckESpfrSm pwi f vkyfaqmi fw, fav/ 1945 ckESpfrSm udkxGef;cRef
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vkyfudki fpm;&wmodyfraumi f;wmeJUrEav;udkajymi f;vmMuw, f/ ajymi f;vmawmha' :OD;wdkUt rsdK;u
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a' :OD;&JUt ara' :pkuvnf; aq;eJUaq;dk;a&mi f;w, f/ oeyfzufvnf;a&mi f;zl;ao;w, f/ NyD;awmh
t drfrSmaq;jyi f;vdyfcHkeJUaq;ayghvdyfcHkaxmi fxm;w, f/ t bGm;wdkUaq;vdyfcHkt arwdkUaq;vdyfcHkawGu
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a' :OD;aq;vdyfu t J' Dvdkt eHUt &oma&m t aomuft rSma&m xl;jcm;vmat mi fvkyfNyD;
udkxGef;cRefu olaq;vdyfudkaomufolawG&JUyg;pyfa&mufat mi f MudK;MudK;pm;pm; jzefUcsdw, fav...../
aq;vdyfqdkwm udk, faomufaeusaq;vdyf? aomufaeMuwJhwHqdyfudkompGJwmyg/ ' DMum;xJ
aq;vdyft opfu 0i f;wdk;&w, fqdkwm vG, fwmr[ kwfygbl;/ t J' Dawmh udkxGef;cRefu wynfU
armi fApdefudk ac:NyD; pufbD;wpfpD;pD;eJU rEav;NrdKUay:u uGrf;, mqdki fawG? vufzuf&nfqdki fawGudk
' Daq;vdyfuav; qdki fay:wi fMunfUyg/ a&mi f;&awmhrS ydkufqHSi f;ygqdkNyD; vkduft aMuG;jzefUw, f?
NyD;awmh olwdkUaq;vdyfudk jrnf;prf;aomufygvdkU... aMumfji mpm&Gufuav;eJU t NrD;ay;w, f/
aps;awGvdkufNyD; t jrnf;ay;w, f/ a0i Sw, f/ qGrf;cHudk, fawmfawGudkvJ aq;vdyfwpfvdyfpD
avmi f;w, f/ NyD;awmhaq;vdyf 50 pD;uav; wpfpD; t yfxm;cJhwJhqdki fawGudkvnf; a&mi f;&ovm;vdkU
vkdufvdkufNyD;Munfh&w, f/ vufzuf&nfqdki f qdkwmu [ dkacwfu wkwfqdki fawGcsnfh/ olwdkUu
emrnfrSdwJhaq;vdyfudkt aMuG;ay;ayr, fhqkdi fay:rwi fvdkbl;? bmvdkUvJqdkawmhaq;ayghvdyfqdkwmu
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ydk;[ yfrudkufat mi f aowmuav;eJU xm;&wmuvm;/ t J' Dawmh vlar;rSdao;wJhaq;vdyfudk
ae&mray;csi fbl;aygh/ e*g;0i fwdk;pu rEav;rSm]]bDat pdefrvSri f;}}wdkU ]]a&Tavmufpmrci fEk}} wdkU
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a' :OD;aq;vdyfu t vdyform;uvdyfNyD;&i f olrsm;cHkawGrSmawmh wHqdyfuyfMudK;pnf;NyD; 50 pnf;
awGt jzpfeJU t vkyfSi fudk t yfcJh&w, f/ a' :OD;cHku wHqdyfruyfcJheJU? vdyfNyD;om;t wdki f; 50 pD;NyD;
a' :OD;vufudkt yf? a' :OD;u vdyfxm;wJhvuf&mudkMunfhNyD; aq;pyfxnfhwmaumi f;aumi f;ppfw, f/
MunfhwwfwJhvl&JUrsufpdrSm aq;vdyfwu, fvdyfwwfovm;? vufoi fomomvm;qdkwm
aq;vdyfjri fwmeJU vuf&mrSm aq;pyfnDwm rnDwm? Mumzl;vSwmrvSwmu pum;ajymaew, f/
vufoi fuaq;pyfudk aq;vdyfxJ nDat mi fxnfhNyD; yGwfcJhwmr[ kwfbl;/ t J' Dawmh aq;vdyfudk
ESdyfprf;vdkuf&i f aysmhwJhae&muaysmhaew, f/ ydefUcGuf 0i fwJhae&m&Sdw, f/ cJaewJhae&mu cJaew, f/
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vuf&muvnf; pum;ajymw, f/ a' :OD;u wpfpD;csi f; ppfNyD;rSvufcHw, f/ aq;pmrnDwmawGyg&i f
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a' :OD;u vkyfom; 70 &SdvmwJht xdoludk, fwdki ft m;vHk;udkt J' DvdkaeUwdki f;ppfvufcHcJhwmyg/
vkyfom; 100 qdkawmhaq;vdyf 50000 avmufppf&rSmudk;/ t J' Dt cgr, f vuf&maumi f;wJhvkyfom;?
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a' :OD;uaq;vdyfudk aq;pyfaumi f;onfxufaumi f;at mi f pyfay;aeovdk OD;xGef;cRefuvnf;
aq;vdyfjyefUESHat mi f t rsdK;rsdK;MudK;pm;wmyJ/ olwdkUrSm at mfpwi fbJNrD;um;uav;wpfpi f;Sdw, f/
' Dum;av;eJUolwdkUaq;vdyf aMumfji may;zdkUay:vmwJht wdki f;aewJhci farmi f&i f&JUe*g;eDoDcsi f;eJUzGi fhNyD;
wpfNrdKUvHk; vSnfhao;w, f/ bk&m;yGJwumaps;wumvlpD&mrSeforQvmaMumfji maewmyJ/ ci farmi f&i f
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e*g;aq;vdyfuvnf; aMumfji mvdkUodyfaumi f;awmhudkxGef;cRefu e*g;eD"mwfjym;udkwpfMudrf0, f&i f 5
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zGi fhxm;ao;w, f/ t J' DrSm t vum;&awmh aomufMunfhw, f/ aomufMunfhawmh aq;vdyfu
aq;pyfwnfhw, f? t aomuf vdkufw, fav? t J' Dawmhaps;uaq;vdyfa&mi f;wJhqdki fawGrSm' Daq;vdyf
&Sdvm; ar;Muawmhwmaygh/ qdki fqdkwmuvnf; ar;&i f ' Dukefukdwi fa&mi f;csi fawmhwmuvm;/
a' :OD;&JUaq;vdyfemrnf[ mt rSefuawmh ]]e*g;wHqdyf}} &efukefaq;vdyfygyJ/ ' gayr, fhci farmi f&i f&JU
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a' :OD;aq;vdyfu ay:umpuawmh2 rsdK; 2 pm;yJvdyfw, f/ vli , faomuft &G, fu t vwfao;
ac:w, f/ aq;vdyf 100 udk 28d aps;yg/ vlMuD;aomuf? t drfrSmaomuf&i faomufwJh
t G, fut vwfMuD;/ t J' Daq;vdyfu 100 udk 6 rl; 1 yJa&mi f;&w, f/ NydKi fvdyfwJh t cgawmh
t MuD;uvufusefSdaeNyD; t vwfao;u a&mi f;ravmufbl;jzpfvmw, f/ yGJaomuf vrf;aomuf
vli , faomufu t vwfao;udk;/ aq;vdyfqdkwJhypnf;uvJ wpfaeUvdyfwJhaq;vdyfudk aq;vdyfcHkrSm
Page 27
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t ukefa&mi f;&rS jzpfw, f/ aq;vdyfcHkrSm wpf&ufu ESpf&uf avSmi frxm;Edki fbl;/ olu
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ae&mxdki fci f;u vkyfvdkU&wmr[ kwfbl;?t J' Dawmhaq;vdyfcHkrSmavSmi fxm;wJhaq;vdyf&, fvdkUrSdbl;/
olUaq;vdyf olrsm;eJUrwlbJodyfaumi f;at mi f a' :OD;&JUwnfxGi frIawGxJrSmt pDcHvHk;udkt kyfzufeJU
vdyfwmvnf;ygw, f/ t &i f aq;vdyft pDcHawGu ajymi f;zl;jyKwfonf ajymi f;zl;ucsdK;, lwJh
zufajcmufudkyJ 0, fvdyfMuwm/ t J' Dawmh t aumi f;t nHh rIdpGJt pHkygwmaygh? a' :OD;u
olUaq;vdyfrSmoHk;r, fht pDcHudk a, me, fuxGufwJh ajymi f;zl;zuft kyfawGeJU vHk;apw, f/ ' gaMumi fh
olUt pDcHvHk;u t a&mi fvJazG;aew, f? aomuf&i fvJzufoefUawmh rIdapmfeHwm? zkefygwmr&Sdbl;aygh/
aq;dk;udk avSmfawmhvnf; aq;dk; 10 wi f;avSmf&i f &Spfwi f;? udk;wi f; t om;wi fusefavSmfwm/
wjcm;vlu ' Dvdkt avsmhrcHcsi fawmh t pdrf;udk aq;pyfwm/ avSmfjyef&i fvnf; odyfravsmhat mi f
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oludk, fwdki f aq;yGJHkawGrSmxGufNyD; t aumi f;t nHUaoaocsmcsma&G;0, fw, f/ aq;pyf pyfNyD;udk
uyfausmfu, lvmwJht cg oluaq;pyfudk vufeJUqkyf, lerf;Munfh qkyfMunfhHkeJU , lvmwJh aq;pyf
aumi f;raumi f; odygw, f/ olpdwfwdki f;rus&i f Sm&um&nfi ghqD, lcJhprf;/ xnfhaeus xef;vsuf
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jzpfygw, f/
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' Daq;vdyfudkolwpfa, mufwnf; OD;pD;OD;udki fjzpfvm&wmeJUywfowfvdkUzefvmwJht aMumi f;
w&m; wpfckudkvnf; a' :OD;uajymjyw, f/ ppfMuD;t wGi f;rSm olwdkUvi fr, m; ppfukdi f;udk
oGm;vnfMuawmh ppfudki f;NrdKUrSm t odNrdKUydki fuawmf t rsdK;orD;MuD;wpfa, mufu aq;vdyf
axmi f;aewmawGUowJh/ olUaq;pyfuav;u t aomufaumi f;at mi fvdkUqdkNyD; aq;pyfNyD;udk pOfht kd;eJU
xnfhavSmi fxm;wmjzpfowJh/ a' :OD;wdkUvmawmh NrdKUydki fuawmfBuD;u olaumi f;&maumi f;aMumi f;
vkyfNyD;vdyfa&mi f;aewJhaq;vdyfudk jrnf;ygt Hk;vdkU a' :OD;udk wnfowJh/ a' :OD;u ]]uRefr
aq;vdyfraomufwwfbl;}}vdkUajymawmh ]]t hHyg&JU&Si f? ' geJUolaX;jzpfaeNyD;? udk, fuawmhaq;vdyf
raomufwwfbl;wJhvm;}}vdkUajymvTwfvdkufwmeJU&SufNyD; aq;vdyfaomufpoi fowJh/ a' :OD;t ouf 35
ESpfrSmaq;vdyfaomufwwfygw, f/ t J' gudk a' :OD;u udkxGef;cRefqHk;r, fvdkUjywJhedrdwfyJ/ t &i fu
aq;pyfudkoljrnf;wm? ckawmh i gudk, fwdki fjrnf;wwfNyD? i g aq;vdyfaomufwwfNyD; bmrSrMumbl;
olqHk;wmyJwJh/ ppfNyD;awmh a' :OD;u olwpfa, mufwnf; t vkyfudk jyefxlaxmi fygw, f/
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aps;uGufcsJUw, f/ &efukefpqi f;awmh rEav; &efukef ydkUaqmi fqufoG, fa&;u av, mOfcsmwmeJU
vkyf&wJhacwf? rdk;ysHqdwfom; &efukefuvlawG pm;&wJhacwfaygh/ t J' DacwfrSm e*g;aq;vdyfudk
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Page 29
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a' :OD;ut J' DrSm raebl;/ paumhaps;qdki fcef;u xyfckd;uav;ay:rSmyJt dyfw, f/ t J' DrSmyJ
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vkyfi ef;awGudkoJoJrJrJ vkyfOD;rSmyJwJh/
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rdkuform; - rdkufolMuD;

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t odt rSwf jyKxm;&ygw, f/ wdki f;xGmwwfolrsm;&JU wdki f;wmcsufuawmh jrefrmha&Tqdki f;pmt kyfrSm
oajyndKarmi fudkOD;u aTqdki f;wpfcsyf[ mwpfvufr&JU 2500000 yHk wpfyHk xlw, fvdkUqdkygw, f/
ref;wuodkvf lyaA' Xmeu q&mwpfa, mufudk wkdi f;ay;zdkU t ult nDuRefrawmi f;cJhwkef;uawmh
5vufr&JU1000000 yHkwpfyHkxlw, fvdkUaNymygw, f/ csdefay;ygOD;vdkUaNymawmh2 vufr ywfvnf
(4vufr pwk&ef;) aTqdki f;t csyf 100&JUt av;csdef[ m4.5 a&Tom;SdygowJh/
xm;ygawmh' Dudef;*P ef;awGu dk;dk;vlawGuGufceJ oabmraygufygbl;/ a&Tqdki f;wpfcsyfudk
vufndK;eJUvufrMum;rSmxnfhNyD; yGwfacsMunfhvdkufyg/ aTqdki f; yg;vdkufyHkuawmhvufxJrSmt m;vHk;
aysmufuG, foGm;ygw, f/ Armu aTudk t Joavmuf yg;vTmat mi f vkyfEdki fpGrf;ygw, f/ ' Dvkd
yg;yg;uav;vkyfxm;wJhaTqdki f;eJU apwDykxdk;awG? ausmi f;uefbk&m;awG? eef;awmft drfawmfawGrSpNyD;
t jrwfwEdk;&SdwmrSeforQudkArmu aTa&mi fw0i f;0i f;eJUSdat mi f aTcsygw, f/ ' DvdkaTuyfxm;wJht cg
ArmEdki fi Hu ylt dkufwJhOwk&moDeJU rkwfokefrdk;avSdwJhEdki fi Hr[ kwfwfvm;/ a&TawGu rdk;xJ? avxJ?
a&xJ? aexJrSm vGi fhyg;aysmufysufukefwmaygh/ t Jh' DvdkaysmufoGm;wJh aTudkvJ Armu r&t &
vdkufjyefNyD; pk, lEkdi fjyefyga&m/
' Dvdk avvGi fhaysmufqHk;wJh aTp aTrIefrsm;udk jyefpk, lwJht wwfynmeJU t oufarG;oludk
wpfudk, fawmf vkyfpm;&i f rdkuform;vdkUac:ygw, f/ t vkyfuMuD;vdkUwynfUwyef;eJUvkyfpm;oludk
rkdufolMuD;vdkUac:ygw, f/
rEav;NrdKUrSmodyfemrnfMuD;wJhrdkufolMuD;wpfa, muf SdcJhygw, f/ t ouf 80 ausmfrSt edp
a&mufoGm;wmyg/ rEav;u wefcdk;t MuD;qHk; r[ mrkedbk&m;urdkufudk ODaqmi f
xkwf, lay;oljzpfygw, f/ ' DrdkufolMuD;emrnfu OD;armi fMuD;ygwJh/
r[ mrkedbk&m;MuD;rSma*gyut zGJUut yfESi f;vdkUOD;armi fMuD;rdkufxkwfay;wmESpfaygi f; 45 ESpf?
t Mudrfaygi f; 42 MudrfSdygw, f/
uRefruar;w, f/ bk&m;MuD;rdkuf[ mwpfESpfwpfESpf b, favmuft xd&wJhrdkufygvJ? t rsm;qHk;
b, fESpfu b, favmuf&zl;ygovJvdkU/ r[ mrkedbk&m;MuD;&JUrdkufu wpfESpfpma&Tcsdef wpfyd mausmf
ESpfwdki f;&w, f/ rEav;NrdKUESpfwpf&mjynfhyGJawmfvkyfwJhESpfu rdkufaTESpfyd mausmf &zl;w, f/ t J' g
pHcsdefyJwJh/ [ kwfrSmayghav? t J' Dwkef;u &mjynfhyGJawmfudkArmwpfjynfvHk;u vmMuwmyJ[ m/ t drfwdki f;
t drfwdki f; {nfhjynfhvQHwJhumvyJ/ t J' D 1959 ckESpfu r[ mrkedbk&m;MuD; rajymxm;ygeJU/
ppfudki f;awmi fdk;u bk&m;awGyJ t vcHykH;awGuaeNyD; t vcHvdkU&wmawG[ mb, fwkef;ueJUrSrwlbl;vdkU
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a*gyu bkef;awmfMuD;rsm; ajymoHMum;zl;w, f/ pum;pyfrdvdkUBuHKwkef; ajymy&ap? rEav;bk&m;MuD;&JU
bGJUawmft rSefu r[ mrkedyg/ r[ mjrwfrkedr[ kwfygbl;/ ( r[ mjrwfrkedvdkUac:&i frSm;ygw, f/)
r[ mrkedbk&m;u rdkufaTwpfESpfudkwpfyd mausmf&at mi f xkwfay;w, fqdkwJhaTrdkufxkwfwJh
Armht wwfynmu wu, fqdkawmht hHMop&myg/ bk&m;MuD;csxm;wJha&Tudkcdk;, l yGwf, l&i fawmi f 1
ESpft wGi f; 1 yd mausmf&zdkU vG, fwmr[ kwfygbl;/ t ckawmh t rIdufodkufxJ? avxJ vGi fhpi f
aysmufys, foGm;wJh t i frwdt i frwef ao;i , fwJh aTrIefav;awGudk jyefzrf;, lEdki fwJh
wu, fhynmyguvm;/ ' gaMumi fhOD;armi fBuD;udkuRefru t ao;pdyf ar;Munfhrdygw, f/

aTcswJht cg

r[ mrkedkyfSi fawmfudkaTcswJht vvzl;olawGt rsm;MuD;Sdygvdrfhr, f/ udk, fwdki f rvzl;&i fvnf;
olrsm;uyfvwmudkawmhjri fzl;MurSmyg/
yxr udk, fvcsi fwJhaTudk r[ mrkeda*gyut zGJUu t odt rSwfjyKwJh aTqdki f;qdki fwpfqdki fu
0, f&w, f/ NyD;awmh wm0efSdoludk ' DaTqdki f;csvy&apvdkU oGm;jy&w, f/ a*gyut zGJUu aTppf
aTrSefyJqdk&i f cscGi fhyygw, fqdkwJhwHqdyfxdk;ay;vdkufw, f/ t J' Dt cgrSaTqdki f;udk, lNyD; *Euk#DxJ0i f?
yvi fawmfMuD;ay:udkwufNyD; kyfSi fawmf&JU udk, fMudKufESpfouf&mae&mrSm aTcsMu&wmyg/
rsufESmawmfu vGJvdkUaygh/
aTavmi f;puLav;rSm t jynfhuyfxm;wJh aTqdki f;uav; kyfSi fawmfrSmcsr, fqdkawmh
(r[ mrkedudk kyfyGm;awmfvdkUrac:bJ? jrwfpGmbk&m;u udk, fpm;awmfpm; kyfyGm;oGef;vkyfapHkomru
&i fai GUawmf ckepft kyf xnfhay;vkdufwmrdkUkyfSi fawmfvdkUoHk;EIef;ygw, f/) t eD;rSmt oi fhapmi fhaewJh
t wGi f;awmf t rIxrf;ac:olu aTuyfoGm;at mi f oap;uav;okwfNyD;rS cs&at mi f ' kwfwHuav;
pdkufxm;wJhoap;cGufuav; ay;ygvdrfhr, f? t J' Doap;uav;okwfNyD;rSpuLay:u a&Tcsyfuav;udk
t omuyfNyD;cs&wmyg/ ' DvkdcswJht cg aTcsyfuav;awGu t m;vHk;ydyd&d&duyfoGm;Muwmr[ kwfbl;?
wcsdKUwavu zvyfzvyfeJU wvSyfvSyfjzpfNyD; usef&pfvdrfhr, f/ t J' gav; awGt m;vHk;ydNyD;
uyfoGm;at mi f *Grf;vdyfxJu *Grf;pwpfpqkwfNyD;zdygvdkU t wGi f;awmft rIxrf;u a&Tcsoludk
*Grf;ay;vdrfhr, f/ ' D*Grf;uav;eJUzdvdkufawmhrScsxm;wJha&Tqdki f;u ydyd&d&deJUuyfae&pfvdrfhr, f/ NyD;&i f
a&Tavmi fpuLav;awGudk yvi fat mufypfcscJh? t wGi f;awmft rIxrf;ay;wJh zsi fvufokwfy0guav;rSm
aya&aewJhoap;av; bmav;okwfxm;cJhNyD; qi f;cJh? jyefxGufcJhawmh/ t J' DvdkaTcscGi fh[ mwpfaeUrSm
12 em&D;eDyg;Sdygw, f/ reuf 4 em&DrSmkyfSi fawmfudkrsufESmopfawmfa&uyfzdkU*Emuk#DudkzGi fhw, f/
nae 4 em&DcGJrSmaSUawmf oHwHcg;ydwfygw, f/
t J' DoHwHcg;ydwfNyD;&i f t wGi f;awmft rIxrf;u wpfaeUwmypfxm;cJhwJh aTavmi f;puLawGudk
wHrsufpnf;vSJNyD; yvyfpwpft dwfMuD;wpft dwfeJUodrf;&w, f/ yvi fawmfay:udki SufarT;wHrsufpnf;eJU
vSJusi f;oefUSi f;NyD; yvi fawmfat muf *Euk#DMuD;t wGi f;rSmvJ wHrsufpnf;vSJNyD; xGuforQ
t rIdufodkufudk yvyfpwpft dwfeJU odrf;&w, f/ aemufNyD; oHk;orQzd*Grf;awGudk t dwfeJUxnfhNyD;
wpft dwf owfowfodrf;?oap;?' kwfwHudkvnf;owfowfodrf;w, f/
' Dypnf;awG[ m1 ESpfjynfhwJhaeUusawmh(1) vufokwfy0gu 365 xnf? (2) zd*Grf;t dwfu
365 vHk;? (3) a&Tavmi fpuLt dwfu 365 vHk;? (4) yvi fay: (5) yvi fat muf ajrrIefUt dwfu 365
t dwfpD? (6) oap;okwfwJh' kwfwHu 365 acsmi f; jynfhat mi fa&wGufNyD; awmhrdkufolMuD;vufudk
csdefcGi feJUcsdefwG, fNyD; t yf&w, f/
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t rdIufudk a&TcsdefwJhcsdefcGi f a&TcsdefwJht av;eJU csdefMuwmyg/ csdef&ayrSmaygh/ t rIdufayr, fh
' Dt rdIufu a&TxGufr, fht rdIufayudk;/
OD;armi fMuD;u rt rmjri fzl;at mi f b, faeUb, f&ufvmcJhvdkU r[ mrkedbk&m;MuD; paeaxmi fhu
a&Trdkufxkwfr, fhae&muRefrudk csdef;ygw, f/ a&TrdkufxkwfwJh t vkyfudk jymodk wydkUwGJvavmufrSm
yvkyfwwfygw, f/ ' D&moDOwkudkBudKufvdkUyg/ rD;eJUt vkyfvkyf&wmqdkawmhyljyi f;vGef;&i fvJ yi fyef;t m;
MuD;wmudk;/ ylawmht avt vGi fhvJrsm;wwfowJh/
OD;armi fMuD; wynfh5 a, mufeJY rdkufxkwfaewJht vkyfcGi fu pkxm;wJhaTavmi fpuLawGudk
yxrqHk; ayygcGHMuD;awGxJxnfhjyD; rD;IdYygw, f/ zd*Grf;? vufokwfy0g? ' kwfwHeJY ajrrIefYpwJh
ypnf;awGudkawmhrdk;NAJ' , fMuD;xJrSmrD;IdYygw, f/ t m;vHk;avmi fuRrf;jyD; jymjzpfat mi f arTqGay;&w, f/
jymt nDjzpfjyDqdkawmh jymjzLvmat mi f rdk;jAJ' , ft dk;MuD;xJxnfU? rD;zdkay:wi fjyD; xyfavSmfygw, f/
t m;vHk;jymjzLawGjzpfvmwJht cg jymxJrSmSdwef&mwJh a&Tudk wpfprusef jyefxkwf, lpk, lzdkY yxr
t qi fht jzpfeJY t oi fhjzpfjyDaygh/ jymawGudk csdefwG, fjyefygw, f/ a&TrIefuav;rsm;ygwJh jym&wJht cg
cJxnfhjyD; rdkuform;t ac:eJUbdki fei f;awmhwmygyJ/ bdki f;ei f;NyD;&i f ruRwfaTqdkwJhcJxJuxGufvmwJh
aT&awmhwmygyJ/ ' Dt qi fh[ mrdkuform;&JUynmt ygqHk;t qi fh? t awGUt BuHKeJUt odawGaygi f;oHk;NyD;
avvGi fhxm;orQawGudkt m;vHk;eD;yg; jyef&at mi f, lwJht qi fhygyJ/
aTygwJhjymudkcJrIefU&, f? AGufvdkUac:wJhcJwpfrsdK;&, f? vufcsm;&, f ' D4 rsdK;udkt csdK;uspyfNyD;
a&eJUt aeawmfat mi f or, lygw, f/ xyfxyfuav;jzpfaeat mi f e, fMuwmyg/ jymub, fESpfq?
cJrIefUu b, fESpfq? AGufcJub, fESpfq? vufcsm;ub, fa&GUb, favmuf qdkwmuvnf;
udk, fhazmfenf;um;eJUudk, fNzpfygw, f/
a&Trdkufxkwf&mrSmoHk;wJhcJu rdki f;uxGufwJht wdki f; METAL vdkUa&;xm;wJh cJwHk;yg/ ' DcJudk
rdk;NAJ' , ft dk;eJUt &nfjzpfat mi fusdK? t &nfjzpfawmhpyg;cGHxnfhNyD; wlGi f; 3 vufeJUxreJxdk;ovdk
pyg;cGHudk zGJa&xJorNyD;0i foGm;at mi f arTwmyg/ t J' DrSm t &nfNzpfaewJh cJawGt m;vHk;
t rIefUuav;awGjzpfukefyga&m/ cJacsw, fvdkU ac:ygw, f/ cJudk t rIefUjzpfat mi fvkyfwmyg? ' grS
aT0i faewJhjymeJU orvdkU&r, fr[ kwfvm;/ rdk;NAJ' , fqdkwmu oH' , fywfMuD;awGudkac:wm/ wcsdKUu
aSmufydki f; oHy&mydki f;vdkUvJac:ygw, f/ aSmufoD; oHy&moD;udk2 ydki f;ydki f;xm;wmeJUwlvdkU/ aS;uawmh
rdk;NAJt &yfrSmwkwfawGu ' DoH' , fawGvkyfw, f? Aef;armfaps;oabFmu wi f, lvmNyD; rEav;pwJh
at mufydki f;awGudkjzefUw, f/ ' gaMumi fhrdk;NAJ' , fac:wm/ Armu xreJxdk;&i f rdk;NAJ' , feJUxdk;MuwmyJ/
(' kwd, urmppfMuD;rjzpfci fu ' , fBuD; 1 vHk;rS 4d-8J? 5d ay;&wmyg/ ckawmh ' D' , frsdK;udk
ArmuvJvkyfa&mi f;ygNyD/)
AGufqdkwmuvnf; cJudkacsmfjzpfat mi fvkyfxm;wmyg/
cJrIefU? cJacsmf? vufcsm;eJU? a&TygwJhjymrIefUawGudk aygi f;t dk;xJxnfhNyD; t &i fuawmh
zdkusi fxdk;ygw, f/ ckawmh vQyfppfyefumzdkeJUyJusdKygw, f/ usdKvdkufawmh cJacsmi f;awGjzpfvmyga&m?
cJacsmi f;udk vHkxJxnfhNyD; bdki fudki fw, fqdkwJhac:t a0:eJUxyfNyD; rD;eJUusdKwJht cg xnfhxm;wJhcJawGu
acsmft jzpf xGufukefygw, f/ ' gudkrdkuform;pum;eJUaS;uawmhbdki fei f;w, fac:ygw, f/ ckacwfawmh
bdki fukdi fw, fac:owJh? wwfuRrf;em;vnfolu bdki fei f;vdkufawmhat mufqHk;rSmcJenf;enf;uav;om
ygawmhwJhaTawGxkdi fusef&pfw, f? ' Da&Tudk]]ruRwfaT}}vdkUac:w, f/ uRefru ruRwfaTvdkUbmvdkU
ac:wmvJvdkUar;awmhcJudkt *d&wform;u r vdkUac:w, f? b, fowKudkrqdkoleJUrQm;ac:&i f&w, f/
' gaMumi fhcJudkr vdkUac:w, f/ ruRwfqdkwmcJuuRwfxGufvmwJha&Taygh/ EdkUayr, fh' DruRwfu
cJrsm;ygao;owJh/
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t J' DruRwfaTudkabmf 2 qcGJavmufeJUaMu;enf;enf;a&mNyD; vHkxJxnfht &nfusdKjyefygw, f/
yGufyGufqlvmawmh wufvmwJhcJacs;udk oHa, mufreJU oJh, lypfNyD; 0Jxat mi f arTay;aewJh
a&yHk;eufeufMuD;xJ ckei fuyGufyGufqlaewJhruRwfa&TeJUabmf&nfudkMuGufNrD;wef; avmi f;csvdkufw, f/
t J' Dawmh a&xJrSm aygufaygufyGi fhuav;awGvdk jzpfvmw, f/ ' gudk a&aq;NyD; i &JrD;ac:wJh
Edkufx&pft ufqpfeJUwpfcgyGufyGufqlat mi f rD;ay:rSmusdKjyefygw, f/ xnfhcJhwJhabmfawGudki &JrD;eJU
wdkufpm;ypfwJhoabmyg/ i &JrD;crf;oGm;wdki f; a&aq;NyD; i &JrD;xnfhxnfhNyD; rD;t oi fheJUusdKwmyJ/ NyD;&i f
a&aq;w, f? aq;wJha&u pdrf;zefUzefUuav;xGufaeao;orQ? a&TrIefUav;awGueDusi fusi f umzDrIefU
t a&mi fjzpfrvmao;orQ a&aq;vdkuf i &JrD;jznfhvdkuf vkyfwmyJ/ umzDa&mi faygufvm&i f&yfawmh/
t J' gudk 0g0i f;vmwJhaTjzpfat mi f rD;aoG;zdkay:rSmcP wi fNyD; avSmfvdkuf&i f 0i f;pufaewJhaTjzpfNyD/
t J' gaMumi fhukvm;olaX;awGt dEd, udk at mwdkufNyD; jyefwJh&ufu olwdkUaTawGudk umzDrIefUvkyfNyD;
zefbl;awGeJU xnfh, ljyefMuwmSdw, f/ ppfaq;olrsm;u aTa&mi fraygufawmh aTrSef;rodvdkufbl;vdkU
Mum;zl;ygw, f/
' g[ mrajymyavmufwJha&Tt rIefUt rTm; t pt eav;awG[ dkem;' Dem; uyfowfusef&pfwmudk
r&t &jyef, lwJhaTrdkufxkwfenf; t usOf;oabmyg/

vufquf
rdkufynm[ m awmfawmfMuD;ygw, f/ a&TygwJhjymudk cJa&mNyD; bkdi fudki fwJht cg t ay:u
t rIdufudkoJhNyD; aumfcscJhw, f/ t J' Dt rdIuf[ m aT rajymyavmufwJht a&t wGuf ygao;w, f/
t J' Dygwmudkt vGwfray;bl;/ xyfpkOD;r, fqdkNyD; ' Dt rIdufudkxyfrdkufxkwfwmSdao;w, f/ ' Dt rIduf[ m
rdkuform;t ac:t m;jzi fh vufqufvdkUac:ygw, f/ vufqufudk xyfrdkufxkwfwJhvlu rdkuform;aT
wpfyd m&at mi f , lEkdi f&i f vufquform;u 1 usyfom; 2 usyfom; &at mi fSmEkdi f, lEdki fao;owJh/

a&Tvdrf
uRefru ]]aTt ppf[ mi &JrD;pm;cHw, fqdkawmhaTppfrppf i &JrD;eJYprf;Munfh&i fodwmayghaemf}}
vdkYOD;armi fMuD;udkar;awmhOD;armi fMuD;u oli , fi , fut awGYt MuHKwpfckudkajymjyygw, f/ rEav;jrdKYu
rsufyg;&yfrSmaTeJYywfoufwJhemrnfBuD; yk*dKvfawGSdygw, f/ ' kwd, urmppfMuD;rjzpfci fu aTqdki f;
ukefonfMuD;awGjzpfwJh OD;pH-a' :0g wdkU? ZrL&mZfOD;jrwdkU? oHk;qi fhwdkufOD;wi fhwdkU? OD;csdKwdkU
qdkwmt "du&aTqdki f;onfMuD;awGyg/ ' Dyk*dKvfawGu aTudkvJ odyfem;vnfygw, f/
OD;armi fMuD; vlysdKwkef;u a&Tt &nfvi f;&mrSm emrnfBuD;vSwJh OD;csdKqDrSm t vkyfvkyfaewkef;
wpfaeUawmhvlwpfa, muf OD;csdKqDudk aTvma&mi f;owJh/ aTu Munfhvdkufawmht aumi f;om;yJ/
EdkUayr, fh OD;csdKu ' Da&Tudk pdwfxJodyfNyD; rouFm&eHUrui f;bl;/ ' gaMumi fh r0, fcsi fao;ygbl;vdkU
ajymwJht cg qHyi fSnfauomMuD;eJU vma&mi f;olu olUaTudk0, fyg/ prf;csi f&i fvnf; MudKufovdk
prf;Munfhyg/ MudKufrS0, fygvkdYqdkowJh/ a&TudkcsdefMunfhvdkufawmh13 usyf wpfrwfom;Sdw, f/ olu
0, fygqdkavawmh ' gjzi fht avSmfcHrvm;vdkY OD;csdKuar;w, f/ aTSi fu avSmfygwJh/ t Jh' DawmhOD;csdKu
]]armi fMuD;? vkyfprf;yguGm}}vdkYOD;armi fBuD;udkt avSmfcdki f;w, f/ OD;armi fMuD;u i &JrD;eJUabmfeJU' Da&Tudk
avSmfw, f? avSmfwJht cgaTu t &nfjzpfoGm;w, f/ cJoGm;vdkU jyefcsdefMunfhvdkufwJht cg 13 usyf-
wpfrwfom;u ravsmhbl;/ ravsmhayr, fh OD;csdKu avSmfomavSmfMunfhwmr0, fbl;/ r0, fawmh
aTSi fu rauseyfbl;/ rauseyfwmeJU]]ri f;wdkU' gyJwwfEdki fwmrIwfvm;}}vdkUpdefac:pum;ajymowJh/
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ajymvmawmhOD;armi fMuD;u rcHcsi fwmeJU]]enf;Sdao;wmaygh}}vdkUjyefajymwJht cg ]]Sd&i fprf;}}
wJhav/
' geJU OD;armi fMuD;u aeUvnf 2 em&Dxdk;awmh wpfacgufvmcJh? prf;Munfhr, f?
a&Tppf&i f0, fr, fvdkU rSmvdkufw, f? NyD;awmh ai G 50 om;avmufudk a&Tbdki fei f;bdkUt wGuf
t oi fhjyi fxm;NyD; aTa&mi f;orm; vmawmY olYaTudk ai GeJU bdki fei f;ypfvdkufowJh/ bdki fei f;wJht cg
t cdk;awG wt m;xGufvmwmjri f&awmh OD;armi fMuD;u ]][ mxGufukefNyD oGyfcdk;awG}} vdkU
at mfvdkufrdowJh/
t J' Dvdkbdki fei f;NyD;vdkUcsdefMunfhvdkufwJht cg 10 usyfom; vHk;vHk;aysmufoGm;NyD; a&Tt ppfu 3
usyf wpfrwfom;yJ usefawmhowJh/ a&Ta&mi f;orm;vnf; rsufESmysufysufeJU t J' DaT 3
usyfwpfrwfom;udkOD;csdKudka&mi f;xm;cJhNyD; aemufvJ b, fawmhrSrvmawmhbl;wJh/
' Dvl, lvmwJhaTwk[ m t hHp&myJ i &JrD;cHw, f? OD;armi fMuD;u OD;csdKudk ' DaTwk b, fvdk
vkyfwmvJar;awmh OD;csdKu NyHK;vdkUomaew, f rajzbl;wJh/ OD;armi fMuD;t xi fuawmh oGyfeJU
pyfwmyJxi fowJh/
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t MuD;qHk;yk*dKvfyg/ ckawmholUom;orD;awGyJ Sdygawmhw, f/
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t r&yl&acwfwkef;u ' dki fcGufudkjzwfNyD; ai Gt jzpfeJUoHk;pGJcJhMuw, f/ ' *Fg; roGef;ao;bl;/ t J' Dacwfu
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ai Gudkrdkufxkwfwmav/ t J' Dacwfu ai GrIwfyGJpm; OD;omzl;qdkwmemrnfMuD;ygwJh/
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ai GudkyxrusdKw, f/ usdKNyD;bdki fei f;wmyJ/ ai Gudk yxr vi f;vmwJht xd usdKw, f/ vi f;NyDqdkawmh
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vkyfay;wmrdkUai GrIwform;? ai GrIwf yGJpm;vdkUac:wm/ ckawmhai Gudk ' dki fcGuft jzpfeJUroHk;MuawmvdkU
ai GrIwfyGJpm;vnf; rSdawmhbl;/ ai Gjymuonf;vJ rSdawmhbl;wJh/
]]ei fh[ mu rl;r[ kwf? rwfr[ kwfawmhjynfysufwmaygh}}qdkwJhwaygi fpum;vdkvdk[ mudkyGJxJu
ajymwmMum;zl;rSmaygh/ t Jh' g ai GudkpdkYeJYjzwfoHk;&wkef;u ajymwJhpum;/ t aru om;udkqef0, fcdki f;
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vdkUajymwJht cg t aru ]]ri f;[ mu rl;r[ kwf? rwfr[ kwfawmh jynfysufwmaygh}} vdkUaNymowJh/
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rkefYaumi f;ray;vdkufbJ rkefYodk; ay;vdkufwm/ ai GeDay;&i f rkefYodk;&rSmyJ/ wef&mwef&mayghvdkY
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Page 35
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Page 36
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Page 37

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Page 38
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yGJuawmfMuD;awG
yGJuawmfqdkwmwdkufdkuft "dym, fuawmhyGJpm;BuD;&JUZeD;ygyJ/ wjcm;t "dym, fraqmi fygbl;/
vi fht &dyft m0goxJu t rsdK;orD;yg/ ' gayr, fh yGJpm;MuD;vkyfol aoqHk;oGm;wJht cg? jrefrm
t rsdK;orD;wdkUyGJpm;MuD;eJUqdk;wlaumi f;buf vkyfcJh&wJhyGJHkvkyfi ef;? yGJpm;vkyf&wJht vkyft udki f wcsdKUudk
em;vnf oabmaygufaew, f/ ci fyGef;onfvkyfxm;cJhwJh pD;yGm;a&;vufi kwfvuf&i f;awGuvJ
wdkUvdkUwef;vef;eJU usefaecJhw, f/ ' gaMumi fh yGJpm;BuD; t edpa&mufoGm;wJht cgrSm rvkyfrjzpfvdkU
]]rkqdk;pdki foi f}} ayghqdkNyD; yGJHkvkyfi ef;udk qufcHvkyfudki f&w, f/ t J' Dvdk vkyfudki fwJht cg
yGJuawmfMuD;udk, fEdIufu t ui f;yg;vdkU? vmbfjri fvdkU? aygi f;oi f;qufqHa&;wwfvdkU ci fyGef;onf&JU
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t vkyfudk wjznf;jznf;eJU uRrf;usi fvmNyD; yGJpm;MuD;r&Sdawmhayr, fh yGJuawmfMuD;&JU yGJHku
at mi fjri fpnfum;vmwmrsdK;awGvJ t rsm;BuD;&Sdygw, f/ rEav;NrdKUrSmt J' Dvdkvi fhvufi kwfvuf&i f;udk
qufvkyfEdki fwJht rsdK;ord;MuD;awGpD;yGm;a&;e, fxJrSmt rsm;MuD;yg/
t J' Dvdkt jyi f wcsdKUt rsdK;orD;MuD;awGuawmhyGJpm;MuD;eJUt wl wxrf;wpf&Guf vkyfudki fvm&mu
olu ' Dt vkyft udki frSm ydkNyD;t ui f;yg;vmw, f/ ydkNyD;vmbfjri fvmw, f/ ' gaMumi fh yGJpm;MuD;eJU
yGJuawmfMuD; OD;yJhxrf;&muaeNyD; yGJuawmfMuD;u 0efudki fae&mudkwjznf;jznf; , lvmygw, f/
' gayr, fh' DyGJuawmfBuD;u ' DyGJHkrSmolt c&mqdkwmudk vlodrcHygbl;/ yGJpm;MuD;udkolu ae&m
ay;ygw, f/ udpawGt m;vHk; olUoabmeJUol NyD;jywfxm;wmjzpfOD;awmholUci fyGef;yGJpm;MuD;NyD;rSNyD;&wJhyHk
t jynfht 0 vljri foljri f &Sdapygw, f/
oluolUci fyGef;&JU *kP fodumudk wpfpufuav;rS t yGef;yJht ndK;EGrf;rcHbl;/ yGJpm;MuD;udk
t drfOD;cef; rSmvnf; wdkwao xm;w, f/ t vkyft udki fxJrSmvnf; yGJpm;NyD;rS NyD;wm
qdkwmrsdK;jzpfat mi fvkyfw, f/ t &m&mrSm ci fyGef;onfudk t rTef;wi fxm;wmygyJ/ ' gayr, fh
wu, fuawmh t m;vHk;olcsnf; &Gufaqmi fae? ydki f;jzwfae? a&SUaqmi faewmyg/ ' Dvkd
yGJuawmfMuD;awGudkusawmhoabmusp&modyfaumi f;ygw, f/
uRefrwdkUi , fi , fwkef;u uRefrt arawG t a' :awGu olwdkUukef0, fxGufvdkU uRefr
ausmi f;t m;wJh&ufqdk&i f ukef0, foGm;&mudk vkduf&w, f/ ukefonf&JUom;orD; rsufpd&nf em;&nf
0aeat mi fqdkNyD; ac:oGm;wmyg/
rEav;NrdKUrSm t J' Dwkef;u aq;vkyfi ef;xJrSmcsnf;yJ yGJuawmfMuD;awG t rsm;MuD;yg/
' Drdef;rMuD;awG[ m aq;yGJHkvkyfi ef;udk uRrf;uRrf;usi fusi f vkyfaeMuolcsnf;yg/ ' DvdkjzpfyaumvkdU
olwdkUudk, folwdkU rdef;rvlpGrf;aumi f;awGvdkUvnf; rxi frSwfMuygbl;/ dk;dk;vkyfdk;vkyfpOfwpfckudk
vkyfaeovdkygyJ/ t aet xdki fu dk;om;Muygw, f/ [ efvkyfwm? <um;wm? t rsm; t xi fMuD;at mi f
vkyfwmawGr&Sdbl;/
aq;yGJuawmf a' :vSqdkwmuawmh aq;ayghvdyfvdyfwJh aq;&Gufjym;MuD;awGt a&mi f;rsm;wJh
aq;yGJHkMuD;yg/ ' DyGJuawmfMuD;u uRefrodawmh ci fyGef;r&Sdawmhbl;/ olUyGJHk olyJOD;pD;wm/ olu
NydKi fjri f;vJarG;ygw, f/ [ kdacwfu NydKi fjri f;arG;w, fqdkwm [ dkacwfvlcsrf;omrsm;&JU ai GjzKef;wJh
ZdrfcH0goemwpfckyg/ t rsdK;orD;t aeeJU NydKi fjri f;arG;w, f? jri f;yGJawGrSm olUjri f;awG 0i fNydKi fw, f?
qkzvm;awGt MudrfMudrf&zl;w, fqdkwmuRefrwdkUwawG&JUt jri frSmawmhvlUxdyfxdyfMuJawGayghav/
aq;yGJuawmfa' :opfqdkwmvnf; &Gufjym;aq;ydkawGt rsm;t jym;a&mi f;wwfwJh aq;yGJHkMuD;u
yGJuawmfMuD;yJ/ oluawmhyGJpm;MuD;&Sdw, f/ ' gayr, fhyGJpm;MuD;udkolu t drft xufxyfrSmyJ cefUcefUMuD;
aeapw, f/ yGJpm;MuD;&JU t cef;u@u olUt a&mi f; t 0, fxJrSm t enf;qHk;yJ/ EdkUayr, fh
ykqdk;awmi f&SnfeJUyGJuawmfMuD;&JUt drfOD;cef;u yGJpm;MuD; rqi f;&ygbl;/
olUnDryGJuawmfa' :cspfuawmh yGJpm;MuD;OD;jrwfausmf&Sdygw, f/ OD;jrwfausmfa&m a' :cspfyg
yGJHkvkyfi ef;udk vkyfaqmi fMuygw, f/ ' gayr, fhyGJpm;u NydKi fjri f;arG;wmudk ydkNyD;0goemygw, f/
yGJuawmfMuD;uvnf; omomMunfMunfyJ jri f;arG;wmudkauseyfaewmyg/ wu, fuawmhyckuLqdkwm
jrefrmri f;rsm;&SdpOfu jri f;e, fawGrdkUt J' Dujri f;aumi f;xGufw, f/ jri f;t aMumi f; odMuw, fxi fyg&JU/
yGJuawmfMuD;a' :cspfu t rsdK;orD;omNzpfw, f? olu xGm;xGm;MudKi f;MudKi f;eJU t m;aumi f;
armi f;oefMuD;/ uRefrwdkUt arrsm; aq;0, fcsi fvdkUolUyGJHkoGm;wJht cg t vkyform;rvG, f&i f aq;ydkudk
zmom[ ufjyEdki fwJht rsdK;orD;? aq;ydkqdkwm&Gufjym;qdk&i f wpfydkudk t csdefyd m10 uaeNyD; 13
avmuft xd odyfxm;wm/ ' DydkxJ? acgi f;zi feJUt v, fom;udk b, fvkdodyfxnfhxm;w, fqdkwm
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od&at mi f aq;ydk0, fr, fhvludk yGJpm;u aq;ykwf[ ufNyD;Ny&w, f/ brf;pudkvJ qGJEIwfMu&w, f/
' gxHk;pH? t J' Dvdk[ ufjyEdki fzdkUa, mufsm;t vkyform; (2) a, mufu oHcsdyfMuD; wpfckpDudki fNyD; aq;ydkudk
qGJvmNyD; yGJuawmfu [ ufEdki fzdkUaxmi fay;&w, f/ t J' gudk t vkyform;u ydki fydki fEdki fEdki frvkyfEkdi f&i f?
Edki fEdki fei f;ei f;r&Sd&i f a' :cspfu ]]at mi fr, f? anmi fememeJU? i goHcsdyfeJUqGJcsdyfypfvdkuf& raumi f;bl;?
ay;prf;csdyf}}vdkUawmi f;vdkufNyD; oludk, fwdki faq;ykwfMuD;udkqGJaxmi fNyD; [ ufjyEdki folyg/ olUt m;t i feJU
olydki fEdki fyHku t m;usp&mMuD;? oabmusp&mMuD; odyfaumi f;ygw, f/ pum;aNymawmhvnf; jywfjywfyJ/
t ydkawGt rdkawGvnf; ajymraebl;/ uRefrwdkUt areJUqdk&i f ]]rcspfa& rpka&}} eJUnDt pfrvdkyJ olwdkU
ci fMuw, f/
aq;yGJuawmfMuD; a' :pDuawmholUrSmyJGpm;r&Sdbl;? olt drfaxmi fuszl;w, f/ orD;av;wpfa, muf
arG;w, f/ t J' Dt drfaxmi fudk raygi f;bl;/ orD;av;udk nDrrsm;qDt yfxm;vdkufNyD; olu
wpfa, mufwnf; yGJpm;t vkyfudk vkyfpm;aewm/ olu olUarmi fESrwpfawGxJu armi fwpfa, mufudk
olUt em;rSmac:xm;yg&JU/ ' garr, fht J' Darmi fOD;at ;u qGJaumi f;i i fyg&SdkHygyJ/
a' :pDwdkUrsdK;kd;u olUt zdk;at u &Sdrf;rum;Gmpm; aTxm;pGJAdkvfwJh? olUt azu
a>r[ oFmavSawmfyJhei f; Adkvfwyfr;? olZmwdu a>r&GmrdkUa>r (12) &Gmu aq;? aq;dk;? yJ? ajymi f;?
i kwft pHk olUyGJHkudkqi f;w, f/ awmuaeNyD; yGJpm;qDudk ukefydkUw, fqdk&mrSm udk, feJUeD;pyf&m
oduRrf;ci fri f&m? &i f;ESD;&mudk ydkUwwfMuwmuvm;/ a' :oDwdkU? a' :opfwdkU? a' :cspfwdkU yGJHkawGrSm
yckuLeJUjri f;NcHe, fu Gufjym;aq;awG t rsm;qHk;a&mufwmaygh/ a' :pD&JUyGJHkudkawmh pOfhul;?
rw&me, fwdk;u aq;eJUudki f;xGufuRef;xGuf ukefypnf;awGa&mufwmaygh/
a' :pD&JU yGJHkMuD;u emrnfMuD;anmi fyi fBuD;&SdcJhwJh a&Munf&yfrSmyg/ (a&Munfqdkwm bk&i f
jrpfbufqi f;awmha&MunfawmfqufwJht &yfrdkUa&Munfac:wmwJh/) a' :pDuolUyGJHkudkolaewJhwdkufeJU
rsufESmcsi f;qdki frSm&SdwJh a&Munfacsmi f;udkjzwfNyD; wHwm;ci f;ay;&i f;? wHwm;MuD;ay:rSmyGJHkzGi fhygw, f/
' gaMumi fha' :pDaqmufvwJhwHwm;qdkwmu us, fvnft us, fMuD;/ wHwm;Asuf[ may 50 - 60
xufrenf;ygbl;/ NyD;awmhrdk;vHkavvHkeJUt umawmi fygvdkufao;/
a&MunfwHwm;udkjzwfavQmufolu yGJHkt v, facgi fu jzwfavQmufMuwm/ ab;rSmaq;ykwfawG?
yJt dwfawGt Nynfh/
a' :pDu rEav;u t rsdK;orD;awGxJrSmapmapmpD;pD; jrLeDpDy, fvlBuD; jzpfcJholvnf; jzpfygw, f/
a' gufwmAarmf&JU qi f;&Jom;0HomEk0g' udk oabmusvdkU rw&m? pOfhul;e, fu a' gufwmAarmf&JU
t rwfavmi f;t jzpfeJU0i fa&muft aG;cHolvJ jzpfygw, f/ 1936 ckESpfuqdkawmhvGefcJhwJhESpfaygi f; 50
ausmfacwfuaygh/ a' :pDu t J' Dacwfuwnf;u Oya' jyKat mufvTwfawmft rwf0i fNyD;t a&G;cHolyg/
pyfrdvdkUrEav;t aMumi f;enf;enf;a&;ygOD;r, f/ a' :pD&JUorD;av;u jzLjzL00av;? olUemrnfu
0ufawmfwJh/ ' Demrnfuqef;vdkUuRefru 0ufawmfvdkUbmvdkU rSnfhwmvJvdkU t arhudkar;Munfhawmh
]]0ufawmf}}qdkwmArm&Si fbk&i fawG&Sdwkef;u rEav;NrdKUxJrSmbk&i fu arG;xm;wJhab;rJh0ufMuD;awGudk
ac:wmwJh/ a' :pDu olUorD;av;0at mi f?usef;rmat mi f?ab;ui f;at mi f ' DemrnfudkrSnfhwmwJh/
t aru a&S;uawmh0ufawmfawG[ mwpfNrdKUvHk; avQmufvSnfhpm;aeMuwm/ olwdkUudkb, folurS
&efrrlbl;/ t arwdkUt drfu acG;pm;aewJh opfom;pm;cGufMuD;[ m t &i fu 0ufpm;usi f;MuD;/
xri f;usef[ i f;usefawG?' Dpm;usi f;xJoGefwmyJ/ 0ufawmfawGu vmpm;wmyJ/ aemuf olUuRefjzpf&awmh
jynfodrf;wyfu ppfom;awGu ' D0ufawmfawGzrf;qD;NyD; owfjzwfpm;Muw, f/ 0ufawmfawGudkzrf;&i f
wcsdKUt &yfom;awGu dkufvTwfMuwm/ ppfom;eJUt &yfom; rMumcP dkufyGJNzpfMuw, f/ ' gayr, fh
Mumvmawmh ' Daumi fawGu zrf;qD;owfjzwfrIr&yfwmeJU 0ufawmfawGukefa&m/ ' dkUt drfrSmvdkyJ
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t &yfxJrSm0ufpm;usi f;awGyJusefawmhw, fvdkUajymjyygw, f/ 0ufawmfqdkwmi , fwkef;ucspfpEdk;rSnfhwJh
rEav;u uav;i , fwdkU&JU emrnfwpfckygyJwJh/ ckacwfawmh 0ufawmfrS r&SdawmhbJ/
' DemrnfrSnfhwmrsdK;vnf; r&Sdawmhygbl;/ yGJuawmfMuD;a' :pD&JUorD;[ m a' :GefUarqdkNyD;
a&TukefonfMuD;NzpfaeygNyD/
cka&;cJhwJhyGJuawmfMuD;awG[ muRefrudk, fwdki fodcJh? t arhudkrdwfaqGawGt jzpfeJUoduRrf;ci fri fcJhwJh
aq;bufu yGJuawmfMuD;awGyg/ wjcm;ukefypnf;awG a&mi f;0, fay;wJh yGJuawmfMuD;awGvJ
t rsm;t jym;&Sdygao;w, f/ t m;vHk; bk&m;wnf ausmi f;aqmuf? rEav;&JU usufoa&aqmi f
t rsdK;orD;MuD;awGt jzpfeJU aeoGm;Mu? ckvnf; ' Dvdkt rsdK;orD;awGvdk rsdK;quf t opfawG
qufvufjzpfxGef;qJ&Sdygw, f/

_ _ _ _ _ _ _

Page 42

[ oFjy' g;ausmf

jrefrmvufrI t Ekynmypnf;xJrSm [ dkacwfu olryg&i frNyD;wJh? [ oFjy' g;a&mi f;wJhyk*dKvf?
' Dvkyfi ef;eJUyJ pD;yGm;jzpfNyD; vlcsrf;ompm&i f; 0i foGm;wJhOD;ausmfudk rEav;NrdKUu vufzufukefonf
olaX;OD;ausmfeJUuGJjym;at mi f ][ oFjy' g;ausmf}vdkUac:Muw, f/
' DOD;ausmfu Z&yft rMuD; a' :rdef;uav;&JUom;orD; (8) a, muft eufu? wwd, ajrmuf om;yg/
Z&yft rMuD;om;orD;awG[ m [ kdacwfurEav; pD;yGm;a&;avmurSm xdyfqHk;uaecJhMuolawG
av;i g;a, mufxufrenf;jzpfMuwmrdkUwpfudki f;vHk;yGi fhw, fvdkUawmi f ajymprSwfjyKMuygw, f/
Z&yft rMuD;&JU ' kwd, om;u rEav;rSm a&wGi f;aygi f;ajrmufrsm;pGm wl;azmfv' gef;cJholrdkU
]a&wGi f;' umMuD;} vdkUvJ? rEav;uac:Muw, f/ olaX;OD;pdk;av;vdkUvJ ac:Muw, f/ aemufom;
wpfa, mufu [ oFjy' g;a&mi f;vdkU ][ oFjy' g;ausmf} vdkUac:wJh OD;ausmf? aemufom;wpfa, muf
OD;odef;u qDpufMuD;vkyfvdkU ]qDodef;} vdkUac:Muw, f/ orD;wpfa, mufuawmh a&Taygi fcHwmygyJ/
olUemrnfu a' :Zi fwJh? t &yfuawmh]rrZi f} vdkUac:ygw, f/ t wdk;, lwmrrsm;bl;? rSefuefrI&Sdw, f/
vl, HkMunfw, fav/ ' gaMumi fh ppfMuD;rjzpfci fumvu cspfwD;awGeJU , SOfNydKi fEdki f? NydKi fEdki fHkru
Armcsi f;rdkUydkvdkUyJ t vkyfjzpfcJhao;wJht rsdK;orD;MuD;yg/
OD;ausmfwdkU[ oFjy' g;a&mi f;pOft cgwkef;u jrefrmawGv' gef;Edki fvdkUvavorQudpt 00awGrSm
[ oFjy' g;u ygvdkUcsnf;aew, fvdkUajym&i fawmi f &rvm;rodat mi f [ oFjy' g; t oHk;u rsm;cJhygw, f/
[ oFjy' g;udk b, frSmoHk;wmvJqdkawmh udk;uG, frIeJU ywfoufwJh a&Tcs&mrSeforQrSmoHk;w, f/
rSefpD&mrSmoHk;w, f/ jrefrmwdkUt NrJwef; oHk;pGJwJh, Gef;xnfypnf; t pf? t kwf? cGuf? a' gi f;vef;? Aspf
pwJh[ mawGrSmvJ [ oFjy' g;u yg&w, f/ ausmi f;MuD;aqmufvjyefawmhvJ ausmi f;wdki fMuD;awG?
rsufESmMuufawGrSma&Ta&mi fw0i f;0i f;eJUt wl [ oFjy' g;a&mi f eDapG;apG;MuD;awGu ygwmr[ kwfvm;/
[ dkacwfwkef;u opfap;udkolYcsnf;rokH;bl;/ [ oFjy' g;eJYa&mjyD;rSopfap;udkoHk;w, f/ a&TbJcscs?
t xnfbJokwfokwf opfap;oHk;&i f [ oFjy' g;ygwmcsnf;yJ/ ' grSwm&SnfcHw, f/ t a&mi faumi f;w, f/
[ oFjy' g;&JYowdaMumi fh opfap;cHypnf;wpfck? a&TbJcscs? rcsbJeJYxm;xm;? rSefbJpDpD? t a&mi fu
ydkjyD;awmufyvmwJht jyi f? Mumavt a&mi fxGufvmav jzpfw, fvdkY jrefrmh vufrIynmonfawGu
t cdki ft rmqdkygw, f/ ausmi f;uefbk&m;awGt wGi f;u uRef;wdki fMuD;awG? rEav;eef;awmfMuD;&Sdwkef;u
uRef;wdki fMuD;awGrSmt xufydki f;ua&Tcs? cg;rSmrSefpD? at mufydki f; vlwpf&yfavmufupjyD; ajrt xd?
[ oFjy' g;awG eD&Jaeat mi fokwfxm;wm jri fbl;vdkufolwdki f; rSwfrdMurSmaygh/
rEav;ausmi f;wdkufMuD;awGxJu t v, fwdkufMuD;awGrSmvnf; a&Tcs[ oFjy' g;okwf ausmi f;wdki fMuD;awG
&Sdygw, f/ jrefrmu [ oFjy' g;udkwkwfoHk;ovdkyJ oHk;wwfygw, f/
Page 43
[ oFjy' g;udk b, fu&ovJqdkawmh [ i f;dki f;u&ygw, f/ [ i f;dki f;udk wkwfNynfu0, fNyD;
jrefrmEdki fi HrSm[ oFjy' g;vkyf, lwmyg/ [ oFjy' g;[ mVERMILLAIN ac:wJh Red Sulphide of
Mercury. Red Oxide of Mecury ygyJ/ aq;eDaygh/
wkwfjynfwdkUt dEd, wdkUrSm[ i f;dki f;qdkwmajruxGufw, f/ [ i f;dki f;qdkwmMercury Oxide yJ/
ajrMuD;xJu obm0t wdki f;xGufwm/ [ i f;dki f;wHk;awGu pOfht i fwHkuGJMuD;awGvdk ndKndK t jcrf;
t wHk;t cJMuD;awG/ ' gudkwkwfwdkYt dEd, wdkYu ajruxGufwJht wdki f; t csdefeJYa&mi f;w, f/ t Jh' D[ i f;dki f;udk
Armu0, fwm/ 0, fjyD; rEav;rSm [ oFjy' g;&at mi fvkyfwmyg/ rEav;vGJjyD; t &i fu
wjcm;rSmrvkyfbl;/ t ckawmhyk*H?anmi fOD;rSmvnf; vkyfw, f/
t dEd, uxGufvmwJh[ i f;dki f;udk ArmuodyfrMudKufbl/ olut a&mi fndKw, f/ wkwf[ i f;dki f;u
t a&mi faumi f;w, f/ [ i f;dki f;udk [ oFjy' g;jzpfat mi fvkyfenf;u pD;yGm;a&;vQdKU0SufrIMuD;jzpfaeawmh
t Murf;zsi f; Mum;zl;wmajym&&i f [ oFjy' g;onf [ i f;dki f;wHk;MuD;awGudk ajcei f;armi f;eJY t rIefYawG
jzpfat mi faxmi f;w, f/ axmi f;jyD; a&eJYt MudrfMudrfaq;w, f/ pdwfwdki f;uswJh t qi fhudk
a&mufwJht cgawmh csKyfaq;pyfowJh/ jyD;awmh t J' DuxGufwJh ypnf;wcsdKUudkcsuf, lawmh
emui f;wJhjy' g;vnf; &owJh/ jy' g;t ppfvkdcsi f&i f [ oFjy' g;onfqDrSm0, fMu&w, f/
[ i f;dki f;wpfyd mudk[ oFjy' g;yxrwef; 70 usyfom; &w, fvdkUt Murf;t m;jzi fhrSwf&ygw, f/
t J' gawG[ ma&G;MuD;qdkwJhyxrwef;pm; [ oFjy' g;ygwJh/ [ i f;dki f;1yd mudk75 usyfom;xGufat mi f
vkyf&i f a&G;vwfqdkwJh' kwd, wef;t rsdK;t pm;&owJh?t J' gut a&mi fEkowJh/
[ i f;dki f;udk [ oFjy' g;jzpfat mi f xkwfvkyfwJhudpu wu, fhpD;yGm;a&;vQdKU0SufcsufrdkU olrsm;udk
t odray;ygbl;/ t drfwpft drfu ' Dvkyfi ef;udk vkyfw, fqdk&i f t azuvkyfaewmudk om;orD;
vlpHkat mi fawmi f t odray;xm;bl;/ wpfa, mufudkomodapw, f/ t J' Dwpfa, mufuyJ t azht vkyfudk
qufcHw, f/ t J' Dwpfa, mufu wu, fvdkUolao&i f b, folqufcHvkyfqdkNyD; vufa&G;pi fudk
enf;ay;xm;w, f/ 0i fNyD;rvkyfapbl;/ t J' DavmufvQdKU0Sufxm;wmyg/ olwdkUt vkyfcGi fudkvnf; vlol
rjri frawGU&wJhae&mrSmxm;Sdvkyfaqmi favh&Sdygw, f/
jrefrmEdki fi HrSm[ oFjy' g;udk , Gef;xnfvkyfi ef;uvJ [ dkt &i fwkef;uawmhokH;pGJygw, f/ ' gaMumi fh
[ oFjy' g;&JUaps;uGufrSmt i f;0? yk*H? anmi fOD;? rHk&Gm? ausmufum? armi f;axmi f pwJhjrefrmEdki fi Hu
, Gef;xnfvkyfi ef;&Sd&mt &yfawG? &Srf;jynfu vJcsm; pwJh , Gef;xnft vkyf&Sd&m t &yfawGygw, f/
, Gef;xnfeDeD&J&Jt a&mi f[ m[ oFNy' g;aMumi fhygyJ/
NyD;awmh ypnf;t aumi f;pm;udk a&Tcsw, f/ cswJha&T t MumMuD;cHapvdkw, f? t a&mi fvJ
t vGefaumi f;apvdkw, fqdk&i f opfap;eJU [ oFjy' g;a&mNyD; at mufucH&w, f/ Oyrm- bk&m;xD;
qdkygawmh/ [ oFjy' g;eJUa&mrSa&Ta&mi fvnf;aumi f;? rdk;' P fav' P fudkvJ awmfawmfcHEdki f&nf&Sdygw, f/
t &i furEav; r[ mrkedbk&m;MuD;u *Euk#DMuD;udka&Tcsawmhr, fqdk&i f [ oFjy' g; yd mcsdef 20-30
oHk;NyD;awmhcsw, f/ r[ mrkedkyf&Si fawmf&JUyvi fMuD;udkopfpufydki f&Si f OD;omaX;u vwJht cg[ oFjy' g;
3 yd mavmufxnfhNyD; opfap;eJU a&mcHNyD;rSa&TcsapwmrdkU yvi fawmfMuD;&JU a&Ta&mi f[ m0i f;NyD;
t vGefvSygw, f/
[ oFjy' g;aps;u ' kwd, urmppfMuD;rjzpfci fuawmh wpfyd mudk 4000usyf aps;jzpfaeawmh
edAmefukefonfuvnf; [ oFjy' g;udk xnfhroHk;Edki fbl;/ , Gef;xnform;uvnf; [ oFjy' g;xnfhjyD;
roHk;Edki fawmhbl;/ [ oFjy' g;t pm; , dk;' , m;uwqi fh t aemuf*smreDuvmwJh aq;eDrIefYawGudk
oHk;aeMuw, f/ t J' DawmhvkyfNyD;ypnf;[ m[ oFjy' g;ygovdkraumi f;awmhbl;aygh/ t a&mi ft aoG;a&m?
t &nft csi f;yg nHhqi f;vmw, fav/ [ i f;dki f;uvnf; arSmi fcdkuyJ 0i fawmhwmudk;/ rEav;NrdKUrSm
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[ oFjy' g;vkyfa&mi f;ol awmfawmfrsm;rsm; &SdcJhygw, f/ ousoD[ bk&m;&JU t a&Subufu
0i f;MuD;wpf0i f;vHk;udk[ oFjy' g;0i f;vdkUac:wmyg/ 84 vrf;eJU85 vrf;Mum;? vrf; 30 eJU31
vrf;Mum;u 0i f;MuD;aygh/ ' Djyi fvnf; [ oFjy' g;a' :at ;r, fwdkU? [ oFjy' g; a' :oDvwdkUqdkwmawG
&Sdygao;w, f/ EdkUayr, fhOD;ausmfwpfa, mufom[ oFjy' g;eJUododomompD;yGm;jzpfNyD; olaX;&, fvdkU
t odt rSwfjyK cH&oljzpfygw, f/ wjcm;vlawGvkyfMuudki fMu&mrSm OD;ausmfavmuf ' Dvkyfi ef;u
jrwfpGef;yHkr&ygbl;/
[ oFjy' g;udk ckt cg b, folawGuoHk;ao;ovJvdkU pHkprf;Munfhawmh xdk;uGi f;orm;uyJ
oHk;awmhowJh/ 0rf;enf;p&maumi f;vdkufwm/
opfap;eJUt vkyfvkyfwJh t vkyform;avmurSmvJ opfap;eJU[ oFjy' g;udk a&mpyfNyD;
t vkyfvkyfwwfolawG r&Sdoavmuf &Sm;yg;ukefNyD/ ' Dt wwfynm vHk;0 uG, faysmufvkeD;eD;yJvdkU
edAmefukefonfavmu u ajymjyMuw, f/
yk*H? anmi fOD;u , Gef;xnform;uawmhEdki fi Hjcm;wi fydkU&wJhypnf;rsdK;udk[ oFjy' g; t enf;t yg;
xnfhoHk;ao;w, f/ ' guvJ t ajrmuft jrm; xkwfukefvkyfi ef;t qi fhrsdK;r[ kwfbJ urmvSnfhc&D;onf
{nfh0, fwJhypnf;avmuft aet xm;qdkawmhraysmufuG, fHkyJvdkUMum;&ygw, f/
[ oFjy' g;a&mi f;&mrSm t rsm;pku pm;&aomuf&HkyJ/ pD;yGm;rwufbl;/ wpfa, mufwpfavom
pD;yGm;jzpfw, f/ olaX;jzpfw, fqdkwmeJU ywfoufvdkUawmh pHkprf;wJht cg t rSefodzdkU rvG, fvSygbl;/
bmjyKvdkUvJqdkawmh' Dvkyfi ef;u pD;yGm;a&;t &t vGefvQKdU0Sufxm;wJhvkyfi ef;rdkUyg/
em;pGefem;zsm; t Mum;&Sdwmudkajym&&i fawmh pD;yGm;wufvmw, f? t usdK;ay;vmw, fqdkwm
uHaumi f;vdkUjzpfwmvdkUyJajymEdki fr, fwJh/ bmvdkUvJqdkawmhwkwfjynfu [ i f;dki f;awGudkaowmvdkuf
yd mcsdefeJU0, fNyD; [ oFjy' g;xkwfMuwJht cg pD;yGm;jzpfcsi fol 0, fvdkU&wJh[ i f;dki f;awGu [ oFNy' g;
odyft xGufaumi f;owJh/ t rsm;u [ i f;dki f; wpfyd mudkyxrwef;[ oFjy' g; 70 usyfom;&at mi f
xkwfwm[ myHkrSefxHk;pHjzpfayr, fht J' DuHaumi f;wJhvl0, fwJh[ i f;dki f;u 80 usyfom;? 85 usyfom;?
90 usyfom; pojzi fh odyft xGufaumi f;aewwfowJh/ [ i f;dki f;wpfaowmudk 10 yd mavmuf
ygwmrdkU wpfaowmrSmbJ[ oFjy' g;u wpfyd mavmuf ydkxGufaeowJh/ uRefrudk ajymjyolu
]a&Tqdki f;vJ' DvdkyJ? a&Tqdki f;eJU pD;yGm;jzpfawmhr, f? csrf;omawmhr, fqdk&i f a&Tqdki f;jzpfvmat mi f
a&Tjyi form;u jyi fay;wJht cg t qdki f;awGu ydkydkxGufvmw, f/ t J' DrSmpD;yGm;wufawmhwmyJ} vdkU
qdkygw, f/
bmaMumi fhyJjzpfjzpf [ oFjy' g;&JUt &nft aoG;uawmh pHcsdefpHnTef;rusqi f;ap&ygbl;/ ' grS
0, f, loHk;pGJolu ypnf;rSefuefw, fqdkNyD; pdwfcsvufcs 0, f, loHk;pGJrSmjzpfygw, f/ ' gu
vufrIvkyfi ef;oHk;ypnf;r[ kwfvm;/ ypnf;rrSefvdkUawmh ra&mi f;&Edki fbl;aygh/ OD;ausmfwdkU
[ oFjy' g;acwfu olwdkUacwfrSm olwdkUwpfOD;wnf;vkdvkd a&mi f;0, f&wmvJwpfaMumi f;? ukefypnf;
t &nft aoG; rSefuefwmvJwpfaMumi f;aMumi fhjzpf&r, fxi fygw, f/
ckawmh [ i f;dki f;udk arSmi fcdkuom 0, f, l&&Sdaewmjzpfavawmh vkyfa&mi f;olrsm;&JUaps;u
a&S;eJUpm&i f t vGefMuD;jri fhaeNyD; oHk;olrsm; 0, froHk;Edki fwJht qi fhjzpfaeNyD/ jrefrmhvufrIvkyfi ef;bufu
t ckvdkt &nft aoG;usqi f;vmwmESajrmp&myg/
NyD;awmh a&Taps;t i frwefMuD;jri fhvmrIuvnf; edAmefukefawGrSm a&Tt ppf? a&Tqdki f;udk
roHk;Edki favmufat mi f jzpfvmygw, f/ t J' D t ajcrSm ' pudka&TqdkwJh a&Tt wkawG
*syefjynfu0i fvmjyefw, f/
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rMumrMum a&TyGwfcH&vGef;wJh t i f;0u bk&m;wpfqlrSmqdk&i f a&Tt wkudk csMuNyD; bk&m;rSm
qdki f;bkwfMuD;eJU pmwrf;xdk;xm;ygw, f/ ] a&Trsm;onf *syefa&Trsm;jzpfonf} wJh/ a&TyGwfcsi fwJh
a&Tolcdk;rsm;udkowi f;ay;wJhpmwrf;ayghav/
' gaMumi fh [ oFjy' g;rS t vkyfrjzpfwmr[ kwfbl;/ uaeUa&Taps;rsdK;eJUqdk&i fjzi fh bmrqdk
a&TMudKufwJha&TArmawGawmi frS' pudkArmawGvdkUpmwrf;xdk;&cgeD;aeNyDvm;rajymwwfyg/

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

vlom"kac: ewfom"kac: yk*dKvfMuD;

uRefrwdkU rEav;udk ]&wemyHk zHkxl? aeyl? jci fudkuf? ylt dkufaom rEav;} vkdU
wjcm;NrdKUuvlawGu pMuac:Mu&i f [ kwfvdkUomcH&w, f? pdwfxJu cHjyi f;wmawmht rSefyg/ ' gayr, fh
bmwwfEdki fwmrSwfvdkU/ [ kwfoavmufu[ kwfwmudk;/
wu, fawmh rEav;NrdKU&JU NrdKUouf[ m1959 ckESpfu NrdKUouf ESpfwpf&mjynfhcJhwmqdkawmh
ESpfaygi f; 130 ausmf&SdNyD/ ' Dumvt wGi f;av;rSmudk NrdKU&JU&moDOwku t rsdK;rsdK;ajymi f;ae&Sm&wmyg/
ri f;wkef;ri f;MuD; rEav;awmi fajcu nDnmwJhajruGufvyfudk NrdKU, mt jzpf a&G;cs, fcJhw, f
qdkpOft cgwkef;uawmh rEav;NrdKU[ m ckacwfvdk t ylrjyi f;ygbl;/ awmfawmfudk rQwwJh
&moDOwk&SdcJhrSmyg/ &SdrSmaygh/ t ylydki f;ZHku NrdKU, mwpfckqdkayr, fhNrdKUt aemufbufu {&m0wDjrpfMuD;
&Sdw, f/ jrdKUt a&SUbufrSmawmhyk*Hri f; ri f;&Si fapmwnfcJhwJhat mi fyi fv, fuefMuD;&Sdw, f/ a&jyi fu
t a&SUeJY t aemufjrdKUudk ESpfzufSyfxm;Hkru aZmi f;uavmuefMuD;u jrdKUt a&SYawmufbufrSm
&Sdao;w, f/ jrdKUwGi f;rSmvnf; a&t &Si fpD;jyD; avSrsm;? wufrsm;eJY oGm;vmaewJh r[ me' DeJY
a&Twacsmi f;wdkY&SdMuao;w, fr[ kwfvm;/
' gaMumi fhrauG;jrdKUpm;wdkY? jrawmi fjrdKUpm;wdkYMuD;MuyfwnfaqmufcJhwJhrEav;[ mt zufzufu
at ;jrwJha&uefMuD;awG? acsmi f;awGt jyi f a&vsi fwoGi foGi fpD;wJh{&m0wDjrpfMuD;uvnf; 0dki f;aeawmh
jrdKU&JUt yl&Sdef[ mckavmuf ryljyi f;rSmt aot csmaygh/
uRefrwdkYt arrsm; ajymavh&Sdwmuawmh at mi fyi fv, fuefMuD;? eEmuefMuD;?
aZmi f;uavmuefMuD;awG[ m t *Fvdyft pdk;&vufxufa&mufrS a&awGazmufxkwfjyD; pyg;pdkufwJh
v, fawGwnfypfvkdufvdkY a&wpufrSr&SdawmhwJh v, fawmMuD;awGjzpfukefwm? ' dkYi , fi , fwkef;u
' DuefMuD;awGrSm a&awG&Sdao;w, f? MumawGvnf;&Sdw, f/ odyffvSwm/ naeapmi f;rsm;qdk&i f
{&m0wDjrpfdk;eJY ' DuefMuD;awGudk ul;Muoef;MuwJh 0rfbJ[ oFm? MudK;Mumpu0ufawGAsdKi f;t kyfawG
rjywfwef; jrdKYay:u jzwfjyD;ysHoef;aeMuwmudk jri fae&wmyJ/ odyfMunfEl;p&maumi f;wmwJh/
t J' Dacwfudk uRefrwdkYawmh rrDvdkufawmhbl;/ ' gayr, fh rEav;rSm ref;usnf;yi fMuD;awG?
xaemi f;yi fMuD;awG? wrmyi fMuD;awGu vrf;ab;rSm 0i f;awGxJrSm t rsm;MuD;&SdwJhacwfudk rDwmrdkY
t ckavmufawmhrylwmt rSefyg/
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ref;usnf;wdkY? wrmwdkY? xaemi f;wdkYqdkwmuvnf; t &Gufpm;&wJht yi fawG/ refusnf;qdk&i f
t oD;ygpm;&wJht yi frdkYyg/ &GufEkwufcsdef[ m zmomwufclvdkY&wmrdkY odyfae&musygw, f/ jyD;awmh
' Dt yi fawG&JY t &dyfu wefzdk;rjzwfEdki fat mi f&Sdygw, f/ ]]aEGxaemi f;?aqmi f;ref;usnf;}} vdkY
qdkdk;Sdorkwfvm;/ yljyi f;wJh&moDaEGukd a&mufvm&i f t csdefrD&GufEkawGa0vmwJh xaemi f;yi fvSyHku
b, fyef;csDa&;vdkYrrDwJht vSwpfrsdK;yg/ xaemi f;&GufEkpdrf;yHku b, fvdkrsm; oabmusp&maumi f;rSef;
rodygbl;/ opfyi fwum&JYt pdrf;a&mi frSmxaemi f;&GufEkpdrf;yHku t vGefvGi fwJht pdrf;yJ/ olYt a&mi fu
t ckacwfrSmay:wJhyvyfpwpfaq;a&mi fvdkpdkjyD;awmufjyD;rSpdrf;wm/ ab;uyljyi f;wJhaEGacgi facgi frSm
olYt pdrf;u t yludk t MuD;t us, ft HwkaewJht pdrf;rsdK;/ jyD;awmh pdrf;oavmuf olYt &dyfudk
cdkvdkufawmhvnf; t yludk, lypfvkdufovdkat ;oGm;apwmuvm;/
rEav;&moDOwku ylwJht cgylovdkaqmi f;usawmhvJ at ;jyefa&m/ t Jh' Daqmi f;at ;wJht csdefrSm
&GufopfawGeJYpnfum;aewJh ref;usnf;yi f&dyfudk0i fvdkuf&i f aEG;oGm;ygw, f/ ' gaMumi fh ]]aEGxaemi f;?
aqmi f;ref;usnf;}} qdkwJh pmqdkeJYt nD rEav;jrdKUrdjrdKUbawGu refusnf;a&m? xaemi f;a&m
wpfjrdKUvHk;t ESHUt jym; pdkufxm;&wmyJ/ ' DESpfyi fvHk;&JU t &Gufu &Gufao;uav;awG jzpfavawmh
&Gufa[ mi f;aMuGcsdefrSmvnf; t rIdkufIyfraeygbl;/ rt m;vyfvdkY wHrsufrvSnf;Edki f&i fvnf; &ygw, f/
olYzmomaqG;oGm;rSmyJ/ ajray:ut &GufawGu t rIdufawGjzpfraebl;/ uRefrwdkYqDrSmt J' Dvdkobm0udk
wwft m;oavmuf jyKjyi fzefwD;jyD;aevmMu&mu 1941 ckESpfrSmawmh ' kwd, urmppfMuD;[ m
rEav;jrdKYudkvnf; avmi fjrdKufygava&m/
*syefawGt kyfpD;xm;csdefrSm t *FvdyfeJY t ar&duefwdkYu rD;avmi fAHk;awGcsjyD; jrdKYMuD;awGudk
rD;IdUzsufqD;rIjyKMuw, f/ rEav;jrdKYudkEspfMudrfru oHk;Mudrfru rD;IdYzsufqD;wJht cg jrdKUMuD;wpfjrdKUvHk;
jymjzpfcJh&w, f/ uRefrwkdYt drfuaejyD; t a&SYbufMunfhvdkuf&i f rD;avmi fjyi fMuD;awGwarQmfwac:u
qHk;awmh &Srf;dk;rawmi fajcudk jri f&wmyJ/ blwmMuD;qdkwmvJr&Sdawmhbl;/ t m;vHk;oHdk;jydKi f;jydKi f;eJY
rnf;rnf;rD;avmi fjyi fMuD;yJ/ aq;HkMuD;vnf; r&Sdawmhbl;/ aMuuGJp&maumi f;vdkufwJh jri fuGi f;MuD;/
vlrdkYvdkYomaygh/ ' DjymyHkuaejyD; rEav;jrdKUudkjyefvnfxlaxmi fMuw, f/
' Dvdkxlaxmi fawmh t dk;t drfeJYt wl t &dyft m0goay;r, fh opfyi fawGudkvnf; xlaxmi f&ygw, f/
opfyi fr&Sd&i f raeEdki fygbl;/ uRefrwdkYt &yfrSmrsm;qdk&i f ref;usnf;yi fMuD;awG[ mMuD;vGef;jri fhvGef;vdkY
xdyfzsm;rSmAsdKi f;odkufawGawmi f&Sdygw, f/ t J' Dref;usnf;yi fMuD;awGppfrD;avmi fawmhygoGm;ukefw, f/
vlawGu rEav;vdkae&mr, f t &dyft m0gor&Sd&i f aevdkY r&bJuvm;/ t MuD;jrefwJhopfyi fawGudk
t vkt , ufpdkufMuw, f/ t &i frEav;vdk refusnf;awG? xaemi f;awG rpdkufEdki fawmhbl;/
t vGefMuD;vG, fwJh ukudK? Am' H? wnfyi fqdkwmrsdK;awGpdkufMuw, f/ ' Dyi fawGu t MuD;jrefw, f/
av' P frdk;' P fuawmh rcHEdki fbl;aygh/ avjyi f;usowJh? wpfem&D 45 rdki fqdkwmrsdK;vm&i f
wajzmi f;ajzmi f;eJY usdK;ukefw, f/ t jrpfygat mfvJw, f/ ' gayr, fh rwwfEdki fygbl;/ vJcgrSvJa&m?
avmavmq, f t &dyfuav; cdkudk;&ygr, fht aMumi f; olYt &GufolYt rIduf b, fvdkIyfIyf?
b, favmufvSJ&? usOf;&apawmh pdkufMu&wmyJ/ rEav;rSm ppfrD;MuD;avmi fvdkY opfyi fMuD;awG
r&Sduwnf;u 3-4 ESpfwpfcg t yl' D*&D110? 111 qdkwmrsdK;awGjzpfjzpfvmwwfjyD; xGefYxGefYvl;
ylMu&wmudk;/ t J' Dvdkylvm&i f t yl' P fudkrcHEkdi fwJhoufMuD;G, ft dkawG? i , f&G, fEke, fwJhuav;i , fawG?
t csdefrwdki fbJ t yl&SyfjyD; aoMu&wmvnf; t MuHKt awGYav/
' gaMumi fh pdwfapwemaumi f;vSwJh OD;ai GqdkwJhvlwpfa, mufu rEav;jrdKYrSm opfyi fawG
vkdufjyD;pdkufay;ygw, f/
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rEav;rSm vlawGem;aezdkY Z&yfMuD; 26 vHk; wnfaqmufv' gef;cJholu olaX;rMuD;
wpfa, mufjzpfwJh Z&yft rMuD; a' :rdef;uav;yg/ rEav;rSm a&wGi f;aygi f;ajrmufrsm;pGmudk
wl;azmft vjyKcJholu a&wGi f;' umMuD; olaX;OD;pdk;uav;yg/ ck uRefrajymwJh opfyi faygi f; 500
ausmfudk pdkufysdK;ay;oGm;oluawmh qdkufum;q&mMuD; OD;ai Gyg/ OD;ai G[ m orD; 7 a, mufeJU
qdkufum;ei f;pm;&SmwJh awmi fMu, fcwf0i f;xJu vlqi f;&Jwpfa, mufyg/ ' gayr, fh opfyi fawGudkysdK;?
ysdK;jyD; t yi fudkcspdkuf? r&Si frcsi f; aeYpOfa&avmi f;ay;jyD; pdkufoGm;&Smwm/ anmi fyi f?ukudKyi f? pdefyef;yi f
t m;vHk; t yi f 500 ausmf&Sdygw, f/ olYt yi fMuD;awG? at vrf;wpfavQmuf? a&TusD;jri fbk&m;ayguf?
usHK;ab;?a&Twacsmi f;ab; ae&mt awmfrsm;rsm;rSmckt xdawGYjri fEdki fygw, f/
olYudkb, furSrwdkufwGef;ygbl;/ olYapwemeJYol? olYzmomvkyfaqmi fwmyg/ reuf 3 em&DcGJ?
av;em&Davmufqdk&i f OD;ai Gt dyf&muxjyD? jyD;awmhMudK;eJYa&yHk;? wl&Gi f;? aygufjym;? awmi f; 1 vHk;eJU
t drfuxGufNyD; olUopfyi fudk a&avmi f;awmhwmyJ/ olUt drfNcHxJrSm yef;t dk;av;awGeJU ysdK;xm;wJh
t yi fawG&Sdw, f/ olpdwfwdki f;uswJht yi fu rsdK;aphudkolUzmompkaqmi f;NyD;awmhysdK;xm;wmyg/ olUt drfu
Mu, fcwf0i f;awmi fzsm;rSmqdkawmh ck 35 vrf; MuD;ay:rSm aqmufaewJh wdkufopfwef;MuD;&JU
t aemuft pGef wdkufMuD;ae&m[ m OD;ai G&JU ysdK;t dk;xm;wJhae&mygyJ/ OD;ai Gu t J' D
ysdK;t dk;uav;awGudk, lNyD; 1314 ckESpfupNyD; pdkufcJhwmyg/ ckqdk&i f ESpf 30 ausmf 40 eD;yg;&SdNyDrdkU
apmapmydki f;u pdkufwJht yi fMuD;awG[ m MuD;vSygNyD/ t &dyfawG&? t cufawGa0vdkU {&mr
t yi fMuD;awGjzpfaeygNyD/
OD;ai G[ m uRefrxuf wpfESpfMuD;ygw, f/ 1276 ckom;yg/ OD;ai GqHk;oGm;wm
wpfESpfausmfyJ&Sdygao;w, f/ OD;ai Gu usef;rma&;vJodyfaumi f;ygw, f/ t ouf 70 ausmft xd
wGi f;a&udki i fNyD; cyfavmi f;Edki fao;w, f/ opfyi fudkwufEdki fao;w, f/
OD;ai Gu olpdkufwJhopfyi fudk' Dt wdki f; MuD;xGm;apwmr[ kwfbl;/ ckwfoi fhwJhudki f;udkckwfay;w, f/
y, foi fhwJhudki f;udk y, fay;w, f/ t J' Dvdk jyKjyi fa&;vkyfawmhr, fqdkawmh olU qdkufum;ay:rSm
avSum;wpfpi f;vJ wi f, lcJhwmyg/ NyD;awmh olUt v olUukodkvfwpfcku vlawG
t &dyft m0gocdkem;p&mt wGuf opfyi f&dyfMuD;at mufrSmxdki fcHkawGvkyfNyD; vwJhukodkvfyg/ xkdi fcHkuvnf;
' Dt yi fu rvdkwJhudki f;awGudkckwf&my, f&mu&wJht om;eJU?ajrMuD;rSmwdki f 4 wdki f pdkufw, f/ wdki frSm
wef;pGyfw, f/ wef;rSm t ci f;dkufw, f/ oHudk t ci f;dkufawmhrSoHk;wmyJ/ olUt yi f olUt om;eJU
vkyfxm;wJholUxdki fcHkudkem;aecsi fwJhvlawGt wGuf olu olUt yi fat mufrSmyJ dkufvw, fav/ NyD;awmh
bk&m;MuD;rSmacgi f;avmi f;xdk;zdkUukudKom;awGudkjzwfNyD;vw, f/
OD;ai G' Dvkdopfyi fawGpdkufaewmudk vlwcsdKUu OD;ai G[ mai GaMu;csdKUwJh&Smol? qdkufum;ei f;rS
pm;&olrSef;odvdkU olUudk ydkufqHvmv&i f olut v&Si fudk ]uRefawmf ' DydkufqHudk rpm;bJ
uRefawmfhopfyi fpdkuf&mrSm oHk;yg&ap? cGi fhjyKyg} vkdU arwm&yfNyD;? ysdK;t dk;0, fwmrsdK;? a&yHk;MuD;
0, fwmrsdK;awGrSmoHk;w, f/ ' guvJ t rsm;t pm;&wmrsdK;r[ kwfawmholoHk;csi fwJhqDrSmt awmfygyJ/
OD;ai Gu at vrf;wpfavQmufrSm&SdwJh MuD;xGm;&Si foefNyD; t yi fMuD;awGrSm oHjym;uav;aq;eDokwfNyD;
pmvHk;t jzLuav;eJU ]opfyi f' umMuD; OD;ai G} qdkwJhqdki f;bkwfuav;awG dkufxm;w, f/ OD;ai Gudk
nDykav;&JU]qHyi fSyfwJht aMumi f;0wK}eJU]qm[ m&ork' &m}0wKrSmygwJhZmwfvdkufMuD; OD;, kxi fu
' DuAsmeJUuAsnf;xdk;ygw, f/

Page 48

bdk;awmfbk&m;
ri f;uGef;bk&m;wnfcJhji m;vJ?
ri f;"m;pdk;rdk; aus;awmfrsdK;wdkU
EdI;qGapcdki f;avonfom...../
qdkufum;wpfpi f;udk, fwdki fei f;
wl;&Gi f;wpfacsmi f; carmufaqmi f;vsuf
a&avmi f;yHk;wi f t kP fjyi f0, f
opfyi f' umOD;ai GrSmrl
rygt azmf wpfudk, fawmfyi f
t arQmft wui f;pi fy
aEGrSrdk;aqmi f;OwkaNymi f;cJh
ocFsmaygi f;aomf
ESpfaygi f;ESpfq, fh&Spf (28)
wGufppf&aMumi f;
opfyi faygi f; w&mhi g;q, fausmf
oleJUopfyi f opfyi feJUol
at ;wlylrQ
olUouf0dOf olUopfyi frsm;
olUom; olUorD; olUopfoD;rsm;
ol\ &i fESpf zl;yk&pfrsm;
olUt cspft m; vHk;&pfzGHUqi f;
opfygysOf;rsm;
olUa&TolUai Gopfyi fawGom
olU&wemvrf; opfapmi f;wef;om
olUuAsmrsm; opfyi frsm;om
olUyef;csDum; opfyi frsm;om
olUyef;ykom;?opfyi frsm;om
olUt Ekynmt m; opfyi frsm;om
oleJUopfyi f
opfyi feJUol
ouf&Sdcsi f;wl
olonfzefqi f;&Si f opfyi fwum;...../
Munfhprf;ygaqG
t nmajr rEav;usHK;NrdKUab;rSm
at ;&dyfndKvGi f olUopfyi frsm;
Munfht Hk;t aqG
Page 49
ref;ajrprkcf AdkvfcsKyfvrf;rS
ZmwmEG, fvseef;usoDaygbk&i f
t &Si fygat vrf;opfapmi f;wef;rsm;
pD&D&Dwef;
qdyfurf;a*g0defodkUwdki f
a&TusD;jri fhbk&m;awmi frScfvm;aomf
ESpfyg;nDaemi frsm;
oi fht m;MudKqdkygvdrfh..../
OD;ai Gt ouf
axmufcsi fhwGufaomf
ajcmufq, fhajcmufESpfwi f;wi f;jynfh\ /
opfyi fpdkufESpf ou&mZfrSm
1314 ck
t jyKoabmraemjzLol
olUvdkvludkb, fol, SOfwk
b, fyef;ykb, fyef;csD
rrSDaq;puf
rSDvsufrvSvSvsufrMunf
olonfordki f;?ordki f;onfol
jynfolaumi f;csD;jyKMuvdrfh
t wdwft em*wf ypKyef
oHo&modkUwdki f..../
t dk jA[ mewfvloHk;yg;olwdkY
*kP fjyKt yfol olvdkvludk
nDwl*kP fjyKvdkufMuyg/
ajr0okefodkY*kP fjyKxdkufol
olvdkvludk
MunfjzL*kP fjyKvdkufprf;yg
yi fv, fpHkodkY*kP fjyKwefol
olUvdkvludkvdIi f;jzLvGefYwkef
vdIi f;t [ kefjzi fh*kP fjyKvkdufprf;yg
ay&Guf&Si fwdkYt u&mwi f
armfuGef;0i frI
ausmufxuf&Si fwdkUaqmi fykwfdkufi i f
ausmufjzLvGi frSm
aw;oHopfvGi f t Ekynm&Si fwdkU
oHpOfNi drfhat ; vauG;apmi f;oH
NcdrfhNcdrfhnHrQEdki fi Ht 0Sef;
urmvTrf;rQ
Page 50
Page 51
vTi fhprf;ygav vTi fhygav...../
qdkufum;wpfpi f; udk, fwdki fei f;um
wl&Gi f;aygufjym;
vufHk;t m;Nzi fh
ajrom; ajrjyi f t vSqi fol
olvdkvlum; r wpfaxmi fzGm;
wpfa, mufom;rdkU
t &draw, sbk&m;
yGi fhvmji m;aomf
olum;a&S;OD; olvsi fzl;um
udavo0#f umr0#f
0dbm*0#f rpGyfolUt m;
vGwfajrmufoGm;
edAmefjynfom; onfa, mufsm;udk
wdkUum; t awG;jyKyg\ /
wdkUum; t a&;jyKyg\ /
wdkUum; t av;jyKyg\ /

_ _ _ _ _ _ _


ausmufpm0efa[ mi f; OD;jr

Armhordki f;? ArmhpmayeJU ArmrIawGrSm t vGeft a&;ygwJh ausmufpm0efa[ mi f; OD;jrac:wJh
bMuD;jrvJ 1972 ckESpfOD;uyJ qHk;yg;uG, fvGefcJhygw, f/ OD;jreJU OD;azarmi fwi f[ mwpfa, mufu
t ouf 94 ESpft xd? wpfa, mufu t ouf 85 ESpft xd aevmcJhMuNyD; ' DESpfxJrSmrSyJ
ESpfvwdwduGmNyD; a&SUaemuf qHk;yg;cJhMuw, f/
bMuD;jrvdkArmht wdwfudk pdwf&Snf&SnfeJU MudK;yrf;azmfxkwfay;r, fhyk*dKvfrsdK; aemufwpfa, muf
ay:zdkU odyfrvG, fbl;/ bMuD;jr[ m a&S;a[ mi f;okawoeXmerSm t ESpf 60 avmuf
t vkyfvkyfoGm;cJhw, f/ ' Dumvt wGi f;rSm
(1) a&S;a[ mi f;Nrefrmpmt u&mpmwrf; (yP mrt cef;) 1961
(2) t kwfcGufbk&m;yxrwGJ?' kwd, wGJ (1966)
(3) t yg, f&wemvdkP f*lbk&m; (1968 ck) qdkwJhpmt kyf 3 t kyfyHkESdyfxkwfa0cJhw, f/
aqmi f;yg;awGt jzpfeJUt *FvdyfbmomeJUa&;cJhwmu-
(1) yk*Heef;bk&m;t aMumi f;?bk&m;t wGi f;wdki fay:u jA[ mkyft aMumi f;rSwfpk
(t dEd, a&S;a[ mi f;okawoeESpfvnft pD&i fcHpm1934 -5?101 -6)
(2) yk*Hbkef;MuD;ausmi f;rsm;(jrefrmEdki fi Hokawoet oi f;*sme, f)
(3) NrefrmEdki fi H&SdAk' 0g' (ajcawmf&mrSwfpk) t dEd, a&S;a[ mi f;okawoeESpfvnft pD&i fcHpm1930 -
31
(4) t yg, f&wembk&m;eH&Haq;a&;yef;csDESi fhESpfvnft pD&i fcHpm1930-31
(5) jrefrmEdki fi HAk' bmomordki f; (yHkrEdSyf&ao;)
(6) , aeYt xdrazmfEdki fao;wJha&S;' *Fg;rsm;t aMumi f; t dEd, a&S;a[ mi f;okawoe ESpfcsKyf
t pD&i fcHpmrsm;jzpfygw, f/
Armvdka&;cJhwJhaqmi f;yg;awGu
(1) t aemf&xmaumi f;rI t kwfcGufbk&m; (, Ofaus;rIpmapmi f?1957 ?' Dzi fbmv)
(2) ou&mZf#Dum(, Ofaus;rIpmapmi f?1985?Zefe0g&Dv)
(3) Ak' 0i f&Si f;cef; ( , Ofaus;rI pmapmi f?1985?{NyD)
(4) yk*Ht aemf&xmukodkvfawmfrsm; (, Ofaus;rI pmapmi f? 1958? at mufwdkbm? 1959?
azmazmf0g&D)
(5) jrefrmt pyk*Hu (, Ofaus;rIpmapmi f 1959?Zlvdki f)
(6) ZrLywd(, Ofaus;rI pmapmi f 1959 at mufwdkbm)
(7) r[ mrkedausmufcsyfrsm; (, Ofaus;rIpmapmi f 1960 {NyD)
(8) a&S;a[ mi f;Xmyemypnf;rsm; (, Ofaus;rIpmapmi f 1961 pufwi fbm)
(9) &cdki fjynf&Sd*kyacwfrSausmufpmrsm;
(10) &cdki fjynfa0omvDpNEri f;wdkU\ ausmufpmrsm; 1956 -57 ESpfcsKyft pD&i fcHpm
(11) ykef;ri f;Munf (ykrMunf) ykAMu, f NrefrmEdki fi Hokawoet oi f;*sme, fwdkUNzpfMuygw, f/
Page 53
bMuD;Nr &SmazGazmfxkwfoGm;wJh t xufygt aMumi f;t &mawG[ m ESpf&Snfvrsm;&SmazGNyD;rS
awGU&SdwmawGudk aphaphi Si SokawoeNyKNyD; ' Dt csuf' Dt aMumi f;awGaMumi fh ' Dvdkjzpfw, fqdkwJh , kwd
om"uawGeJU vufqkyfvufudki f t cdki ft rmwi fjycsufawGjzpfavawmh aemufvlawGu bMuD;jr&JU
wi fjycsufawGudkxm0pOfudk;um;rSD;ji rf; jyKoGm;Mu&rSmyJ/
bMuD;jr a&;om;wi fjycJhwmawGeJUywfoufvdkUordki f;ygarmua' gufwmoef;xGef;u ]Armhordki f;rSm
t odynmwdk;&w, f? ArmrIudkydkem;vnfvmw, f? ajrxJordki f; (t mcDMoavmf*sD) eJU&i f;ESD;vm&w, f}
vdkU olUaus;Zl;w&m;udk azmfxkwfHkrubl;? olpmwrf;a&;wJht cg bMuD;jrudk pHerlem, lowJh?
]cufcJeufeJwJh jy emudk pum;ydkawGrygbJ &Si f;at mi fa&;wJhae&mrSm bMuD;jr[ m
pHwi f&wJhyk*dKvfMuD;Nzpfw, f}vdkUazmfxkwfa&;om;ygw, f/
bMuD;jru t ouf&Snfw, f/ 94 ESpft xd vlUjynfrSmaeoGm;wmrdkU t ouf 100 wef;rSm
t i frwef t ouf&Snf&Snfae&wJhyk*dKvfMuD;aygh/ t ouf&SnfwmeJUt rQbMuD;jru aemufqHk;aeUt xd
t vkyfawGvkyfoGm;Edki fao;wmuvnf; odyfxl;wJhukodkvfyg/ bMuD;jr rqHk;ci f 16 &ufu usi f;ywJh
rEav;u Edki fi Hwumpmt kyfESpf t xdrf;t rSwfjyyGJudkbMuD;jr udk, fwdki f zGi fhvSpfay;cJhao;w, f/ t J' DaeU
reufuyJ usi f;ywJh t xufArmEkdi fi Hpma&;q&mt oi f;u pmayynm&Si fBuD;awGudk uefawmhyGJrSmvJ
bMuD;jru arwmw&m;t aMumi f; a[ majymMo0g' ay;oGm;ao;w, f/ bMuD;jrt ouf 90 ausmfrS
a&;wJht zdk;wefpmt kyfawG?aqmi f;yg;awGvnf;t rsm;MuD;yg/ bMuD;jru olUt ouf&Snfwm[ muHpdwf
Owk t m[ m& qdkwJht aMumi f;w&m; 4 yg;&JU jyKjyi frIaMumi fhNzpfw, f/ t J' Dt xJrSm t vkyfudk
cHkcHkri fri fvkyfvdkU t ouf&SnfwmvJjzpfvdrfhr, fvdkU vli , fawGu ]bMuD;bmvdkUt ouf&SnfwmvJ}
vdkUar;&i f ajzwwfowJh/ t ouf 90 ausmft xd t vkyfvkyfaeao;w, fqdkwJh vlom;[ m
rsm;rsm;r&Sdygbl;/ yDumqdkwdkUbMuD;jrwdkUavmufyJ&Sdwmyg/
bMuD;Nra&S;a[ mi f;okawoeXmerSm t vkyfp0i fawmh okawoDt jzpfeJU 0i fvmwmr[ kwfbl;?
a&S;a[ mi f; t aqmuft OD;awGudkwdki f;wmrSwfwrf;wi f&wJhwdki f;wma&; t i f*si feD, mvli , fwpfa, muf
t aeeJU0i fvmwm? ' gayr, fht vkyfcGi fudka&mufawmhbMuD;jru wl;&mazmf&mvJyg? ul;&m, l&mvJyg?
yHkqGJ&mvJyg? t pD&i fcHpma&;vJyg? ae&mwumygaewJh t vkyform;wpfa, mufjzpfvmNyD;
a&S;a[ mi f;okawoeqdki f&mt vkyfawGudkaowmarSmuf vkyfwwfwJhvli , fNzpfvmw, f/
olpdwf&Snfvuf&SnfeJU uRrf;uRrf;usi fusi fvkyfwJh vkyf&nfudki f&nfudk olUt xufu
ausmufpm0efawGu oabmusMuw, f/ ' gaMumi fh rpwm' ldGKi fZ, feJU rp wmawmfpdefcdkwdkUu olwdkU
r&SdwJhaemuf bMuD;jrudkyJ ausmufpm0efcefUygvdkUaxmufcHcJhMuowJh/ bMuD;jr[ mArmxJu yxrqHk;
ausmufpm0ef wm0efudk 1930 ckepfupNyD;xrf;&GufcJhw, f/ ausmufpm0efb0eJY yi fpi f, ljyD;wJh
aemufrSmvnf; bMuD;jrawGYodxm;wJh t Mumi f;t &mawGeJY bMuD;jrvkyft m;udk&vdkao;vdkY t xl;
t &m&Sdt jzpfeJY jyefvnfjyD; t vkyfvkyfap? pmt kyfpmwef;awG a&;om;jyKpkapygao;w, f/ ' Dvdk
bMuD;jrudkt vkyfay;wm[ mt vGefae&muswJht pDt pOfyg/ t pdk;& t &mxrf; t rIxrf;wpfa, muf
t ouf 60 ausmff&i f yi fpi fay;w, fqdkjyD; bMuD;jrudkom t vkyfuvHk;0em;apvdkufr, fqdk&i f
t yg, f&wemwdkYvdkt kwfcGufbk&m;wdkYvdkpmt kyfawGb, frSmxGufvmawmhrvJ/
bMuD;jrt vkyfvkyfwJht cg t vGefvJpdwf&Snfw, f/ t vGefvJaphpyfaocsmw, f/
olut aMumi f;wpfckudk azmfxkwfwi fjyawmhr, fqdk&i f om"u, kwdawGeJU vufqkyfvufudki f
wi fjywmrsdK;omvkyfw, f/ jzpfcsi fwmudk a&SUavmwMuD;jzpf&r, fvdkU rqdkavhbl;/ jzpfaewmrdkU?
&SdaewmrdkU? awGUxm;wmrdkUqdkwJh t cdki ft rmt udk;t um;aMumi fh ' DaumufcsufrsdK;udk qGJ&wmygvdkUom
Page 54
Page 55
ajymwwfw, f/ ' gaMumi fhbMuD;jr&JU t qdkt rdefUu cdki frmw, f/ t opft opfaom
awGU&Sdcsufr&Sdao;orQolU[ mudkyJ t ajcpdkufxm;Mu&w, f/
bMuD;jr[ mwu, fawmhpHxm;avmufwJhokawoD? t wk, lavmufwJhynm&Si fMuD;ygyJ/ olUvdk
t yi fyef;cHrI? olUvdkZGJebJ? olUvdkpdwf&Snfvuf&SnfyHkrsdK;? olUvdkaphpyfaocsmrIeJU olUvdkMudK;MudK;pm;pm;
t vkyfvkyfwmrsdK;udkt vkyform;aumi f; jzpfcsi folwdki f;u pHxm; t wk, lavmufygw, f/
uRefrwdkUqdk&i f bMuD;jreJUawGUwJht cgwdki f; ]at mf bMuD;jrvdkt ouf&Snfcsi fprf;ygbd? bMuD;jrvdk
t ouf&Snfoavmuf usef;usef;rmrm oGm;oGm;vmvm aeEdki fcsi fprf;ygbd? ' Dt ouf' Dt &G, ft xd
pmawGa&;aeEdki fao;wJhb0rsdK; jzpfcsi fprf;ygbd}vdkUpdwfxJu t NrJwrf; wrf;wrdw, f/ bMuD;jru
t *FvdyfpmeJU jyi fopfpmudk aumi f;aumi f;wwfw, f/ jyi fopfpm zwfwwfwJht wGuf
t a&SUawmi ft m&Sa' oqdki f&m a&S;a[ mi f;okawoet vkyfawGrSm jyi fopfwdkU &SmazG a&;om;
xkwfa0xm;orQudkbMuD;jru vufvSrf;rDw, fav/
aemufNyD; ysLpm? em*&Dpm? ou#? ygVdeJUrGefpmawGudkvJ aumi f;aumi f;wwfuRrf;w, f/ ' Dvdk
bmompHkwwfuRrf;wJht wGuf t aMumi f;t &mwpfckudkbufpHkuavhvmjyD; EIdi f;EIdi f;csdefcsdef t uJjzwfrIrsm;
jyKEdki fcJhwmjzpfygvdrfhr, f/ bMuD;jru "usKyfpmwwfr[ kwfygbl;? pmrSwfyg" vdkYajymwwfowJh/
olrSwfxm;wJh A[ kokwawGb, favmi fwefzdk;&Sdw, fqdkwmuawmh olYpmawGudk zwfrSwfavhvm&wJh
aESmi f;vlawGu t odqHk;aygh/
bMuD;jrrSm cspfci fMunfndKp&maumi f;wJh vlYt &nft csi f;awG t rsm;MuD;&Sdygw, f/ pdwfESvHk;
aumi f;w, f? wzufom;udkoem;wwfw, f? arwm&m;udk vdIufvIdufvSJvSJ , HkMunfjyD; udk, fwdki fvJ
av;av;eufeuf usi fhoHk;ygw, f/ t vkyfcGi fusjyefawmhpdwf&Snfw, f? ZGJaumi f;w, f? onf;cHw, f?
t rSefw&m;udk r&rae&SmazGw, f? awGYodcsufudk &J&J0Hh0Hhwi fjyw, f? t , lt q rwlnDwJhvl?
rwlnDoaumvdkY y#dyu&SmwJhvludk rji Lplbl;? olt awGYrpHkao;vdkY ' Dvdk, lqw, f? wpfaeYawmh
t rSefudkawGYrSmyJ? t csdef&Sdao;w, f&, fvdkY wpfzufvludk cGi fhvTwfEdki fpGrf;w, f/ ' Dvdk pdwfaumi f;
apwemaumi f;&SdwJh ynme, fu vkyfom;aumi f;MuD;wpfa, muf qHk;&IH;&wm[ m t wdki f;rod
ESarsmp&maumi f;vSygw, f/
ckawmht ouf&SnfvSwJhbMuD;jr t ouf&Snfoavmuf t vkyfawGvkyfaewJhbMuD;jrwpfa, muf
qHk;yg;oGm;&jyDrdkUArmrIt wGuf t wdki f;t wmrodwJhqHk;&HI;jci f;rsdK;vJjzpf&ygw, f/
bMuD;jr[ m1240 jynfhwaygi f;vjynfhausmf 13 &ufzGm; (19-3-1879) Ak' [ l;om;jzpfw, f/
av;rsufESmjrdKYrSm t z OD;jzL? t rda' :Mui fwdkYu arG;w, f/ rdbESpfyg;i , fpOfuqHk;awmh
Adkvfuawmft a' :u aumufarG;jyD; &efukefpdef*Ref;ausmi f;rSmausmi f;xm;ay;vdkYi , fi , fu c&pf, mefxJ
0i fzl;w, f? pdef*Ref;u 10 wef;at mi fawmhvwvrf;xdyfu pufrIvufrIausmi f;rSmqufwufw, f?
t J' Duat mi fawmhri f;bl;rSmausmi f;q&m13 ESpfvkyfw, f? aemuf&efukefu t i f*si feD, mausmi f;rSm4
ESpfq&mvkyfjyD; a&S;a[ mi f;okawoe XmerSmt i f*si feD, mt jzpfeJY t vkyf0i fw, f/ 1930 ckepfrSm
ArmxJu yxrqHk; ausmufpm0efjzpfvm, f? yi fpi f, ljyD;awmht xl;t &m&SdjyefcefYwmeJY t ouf 90
avmuft xd t xl;t &m&Sdt jzpfeJY pmt kyfpmwef;awGudk a&;om;jyKpkoGm;cJhygw, f/ t ouf 27
ESpft &G, fu t drfaxmi fysufvdkY aowJht xd t ESpf 60 ausmfrkqdk;zdkMuD;b0eJY t dk;xkwfoGm;jyD;
t ouf70 ausmf om;vlysdKMuD;wpfa, muf usef&pfygw, f/
24-1-73 aeYu bMuD;jr&JY&kyft avmi f;udkrEav;jrdKYpDADvdki f;aet drfu o, f, ljyD; rEav;jrdKY
t kwfpufocFsKdi f;rSmt kwf*loGi f;EHSoN*K[ fxm;ygw, f/


usm;bndrf;odkYpma<u;

usm;bndrf;qHk;oGm;wmckqdk&i fajcmufESpfjynfhygawmhr, f/ olqHk;oGm;wmt wefMumygrS olYudk
ydkowd&zdkYjzpfae&w, f/ jrefrmhkyfjri foHMum; t pDt pOfrSm(The big fights of the decades) qdkjyD;
t ar&duefrSmxdk;oGm;cJhMuzl;wJh vufa0SYyGJMuD;yGJaumi f;awGudk jyefjywJht pDt pOfyg&i f udkbndrf;udk
owd&rdw, f/ ' DyGJawGt aMumi f;udk olu aqmi f;yg;awGt MudrfMudrfa&;jyvmwJhvl/ olYyg;pyfxJrSm
b, fwkef;uxdk;wJh b, foleJYb, folYyGJrSmb, folub, fESpfcsDeJY b, folYudk t vJodyfvdkufwmuvm;
qdkwmawGu t vGwf&aeolr[ kwfvm;/ ckom&Sdae&i f kyfjri foHMum;u t Jh' DyGJawGudkMunfhjyD;
b, fowi f;pmu b, f*sme, fu ' DyGJudk b, fvdka&;cJhwm a' :t rm&JUvdkawmi f jyefajymjyaeOD;rSm/
udkbndrf;vufa0SYudkpdwf0i fpm;yHku &Sm;rS&Sm;udk;/
olqHk;oGm;awmh uRefrut drfrSmr&Sdbl;/ olaeraumi f;wmvJ uRefrrodbl;/
aoqHk;oGm;wmvJrodbl;/ b, ft xdrodvJqdk&i fjzi fh olqHk;umeD; OD;vSwdkYom;t zqDaq;Hkay:uae
ola&;vmwJh pmawGudk t aMumi f;jyKjyD; olqHk;rS OD;vSa&;wJh aqmi f;yg;udkawmi f uRefr rodbl;/
rzwf&bl;/ ' gaMumi fhuRefrt drfjyefa&mufvmawmhrSudkbndrf;qHk;&SmjyD? b, fawmhqDavmufuqdkwm
Mum;&ygw, f/ pdwfraumi f;vdkufwm?jzpf&avjci f;vdkY/
udkbndrf; nDudkbodef;(cspfndK) uuRefrwdkY vlxkwdkufrSmppfjyD;pu t , f' Dwm0i fvkyfawmh
udkbodef;eJY udkbndrf;u t xufat mufnDt pfudkqdkayr, fh t rTmvdknDt pfudkrdkY udkbodef;omrubl;
udkbndrf;vnf; udkbodef;qDu t qpfygvmwJh owi f;axmufvkyfjyD; vlxkwdkufudk ol
a&mufvmaeygawmhw, f/ jyD;awmh olwdkYu ae&Si fe, fausmi f;xGufawGqdkawmh uRefrwdkYeJY
i , fuwnf;u ci fri fvmMuolawGav/
udkbndrf;vlxkwdkufudkt jrJwrf;0i fxGufoGm;vmaewJht aMumi f;xJr, f olYnDudkbodef; SdvdkYcsnf;
[ kwf[ efrwlbl;/ ola&;csi fom;csi fwJh vufa0SYowi f;eJY aqmi f;yg;awG rMumrMum
a&;Edki fom;Edki fzdkYvnf; ygw, fxi fw, f/ olu vufa0SYeJYt ouf&Si fvlvkyfaeolvdkY ajym&cref;
vufa0SUudkpGJvef;cJholr[ kwfvm;/ t J' Dawmh oljrwfEdk;wJh vufa0SYowi f;awGudk owi f;pmxJygat mi f
t aysmfwrf; t m;upm; owi f;axmufvkyfjyD; owi f;a&;ay;w, f/ olzwfxm;wJh[ mawGxJu
xkwfEIwfjyD; vufa0SYaqmi f;yg;awG a&;, lvmw, f/ t m;upm;owi f;udk vlxk*sme, feJY
vlxkowi f;pmuvnf; ae&may;avh&Sdawmhudkbndrf;eJYt HudkufjzpfaeMuwmaygh/
udkbndrf;u uRefrwdkYi , fi , fu t arwdkYrdwfaqGOD;P fMuD;qdkwJhvlvdkvlpm;? t J' DOD;P fMuD;udk
t arwdkYu ajymjyD;jyef ]]OD;P fMuD;}} vdkYac:Muw, f/ OD;P fMuD;qdkwJhvlu t drfudkvma&m/
t drfrSmolajymcsi f&mawGa&Smufajym? ajymvdkYt m;&awmhjyefa&m/ olrsm;pum;awmh odyfem;axmi fwJh
t usi fhr&Sdbl;wJh/ udkbndrf;uvnf; ' Dvdkvlpm;/ wdkufudk a&mufvm&i f [ dkt , f' Dwmpm;yGJ?
' Dt , f' Dwmpm;yGJ ukvm;xdki ft vGwf&Sd&m 0i fxdki fjyD; olajymcsi f&m &, fp&marmp&mawG
wpfckjyD;ajymwmyJ/
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]]a' :t rmES, f t a&SUydki f;at mi fawmfrlu em&Dpi fudk qdkum;pD;vmwm? em&Dpi fa&mufawmh
ay;wJhqdkum;cenf;vdkY? qdkum;orm;u rauseyfEdki fygbl;qdkjyD; pdwfqdk;rmefqdk;eJY pD;wJhvludk
at mi fawmfrljyefydkYxm;cJhowJh/ MunfhygOD;a' :t rm&, f....vrf;ut wufMuD;udk}}/
udkbndrf;pum;udk uRefru w[ m;[ m;&, f&ygw, f/ jyD;awmhrS ]][ kwf&JUvm; udkbndrf;&, f}}
vdkYajym&i f ?]]wu, fygwu, fyg}}wJh/
ol [ Jvqi fuDt dkvHypfvdkufoGm;&jyD; [ dkrSmvufa0SYIH;jyefvmcJhwJht acgufuvJ [ Jvqi fuDrSm
b, fEdki fi Hu bwfpuufabm*dk;oGi f;wJhvlrSef;rodt &yf 6 ayausmf? 7 ayeD;yg;vlMuD;wpfa, mufeJY
oleJYwGJdkufxm;wJh "mwfyHkuav; 2 vufrywfvnfavmuf uRefrwdkYudkjyw, f/ jyD;awmh
]]uRefawmfcspfwJhrGwfqvi ft bdk;MuD;wpfa, mufu ]]bndrf; ri f;Edki fcJhvm;}}vdkYar;awmhuRefawmfu
]]IH;cJhw, f/ ' DvleJYxdk;&wm}}vdkY "mwfyHkxkwfjyawmh t zdk;MuD;u ]]t vm}} qdkjyD; olYezl; vuf0g;eJY
dkuf&SmowJh/ udkbndrf; a&mufvm&i f ' DvdkyHkjyi fawGu wpfaeYav;i g;ckygvmwmyg/ olajymaewkef;
em;axmi fwJh vlawGu yg;pyfraph&bl;/ EdkYayr, fh olajymjyD;vdkYjyefoGm;wJht cg olajymwmawG
t [ kwf[ kwfrSmr[ kwfbl;vdkYat mi fharhp&mcsnf;yg/
olYpum; t av;t eufxm;vdkYr&bl;/ olu ' Dvkdr[ kwfu[ kwfuawG ajymae&wmaysmfw, f/
olrsm;udkepfemat mi fawmhvnf; b, fawmhrSrajymwwfygbl;/
EdkYayr, fh wpfaeYawmhudkbndrf; uRefr&JYpm;yGJa&SYudkvmjyD; ]]usm;bndrf;kyfxkudk urmausmf
yef;ykq&mMuD; OD;[ efwi fu xkawmhrvdkUwJh/ wu, fygwu, fyg? ' DZi fbmvqdk&i f usm;bndrf;udk
befaumufvTwfvdrfhr, f/ urmht aysmfwrf;vufa0SUt zGJUcsKyfu ppfaq;r, fh MudK;0dki f;' dki feJUt rSwfay;' dki f
pmar;yGJudkoGm;ajzzdkUaygh}}wJh/ uRefru olUudkcgwdki f;vdkyJ &, farmNyD;em;axmi faeawmhudkbndrf;u
]]a[ m' D- ]waphwapmi f;pma&;q&mwdkUt aMumi f;}qdkwJhpmt kyfxJrSmusm;bndrf;t aMumi f; rygao;vdkU?
uRefawmfht aMumi f;qdkNyD; uRefawmfua&;rvdkU/ NrdKUrNi drf;t aMumi f;udk a' :t rm a&;xm;wm odyf
oabmusw, f/ uRefawmfht aMumi f; a' :t rma&;wm odyfzwfcsi fwmyJ/ a' :t rmu vlawGudk
aorSa&;wm raumi f;ygbl;/ raoci fa&;csi fygw, fqdk&i f uRefawmf usm;bndrf;t aMumi f;
a&;prf;ygci fAsm}}wJh/
udkbndrf;uolUpum;awGudk t pydki f;wkef;uom &, fp&majymaeus avrsdK;eJUajymaewm/
olUt aMumi f; uRefra&;prf;ygqdkwJhae&ma&mufawmh vlut wnfaygufajymwmjzpfaeNyD/ aemufNyD;
bmrqdk w[ m;[ m;&, f&i f;ajymaeus udkbndrf;u olUt aMumi f;a&;prf;ygqdkwJh pum;udk
rsufESmi , fav;eJU uRefrudkylqmaewJht ajymrsdK; ajymaewmyg/ NyD;awmh cgwdki f;qHk&i f
olajymcsi fwmajymNyD;&i f olu wpfpm;yGJudkul;oGm;? ' grSr[ kwf jyefoGm;wJhvlyg/ ' Dwpfcgawmh
uRefra&SUu ukvm;xdki frSm0i fxdki faeygawmhw, f/ olu uRefrqDu ]]a&;r, f a&;r, f}} qdkwmudk
Mum;csi fw, fav/ wu, fawmhvnf; udkbndrf;t aMumi f;u uRefra&;csi fp&maumi f;wJh
]]t Ekynmonf}}wpfa, muft aMumi f;ygyJ/
vufa0SUorm;ukd t EkynmonfvdkU uRefrac:vdkufvdkU vufa0SUudkawmh t EkynmxJ
rxnfhoi fhygbl;vdkU uRefreJU oabmrwlolawGu ajymaumi f;ajymygvdrfhr, f/ vufa0SYudk
t EkynmonfvdkY ajymwJhvla&m? t EkynmrSr[ kwfbJ t Ekynmrac:Ekdi fygbl; qdkcsi folawGrSma&m
t aMumi f;jyp&m t csuft vufawG&SdMuygvdrfhr, f/ ' Dudp[ m uaeYxufxd ji i f;cHkqJjy emyg/
' gaMumi fhudk, fMudKufovdk vufcHMuyg/ EdkYayr, fhvufa0SYorm; udkbndrf;uawmht Ekynmonf
t rSefygbJ/ oludk, fwdki fvnf; vufa0SY[ m t EkynmvdkY pGJpGJNrJNrJ, HkMunfolyg/ olYb0[ m
vufa0SYt wGufvdkYvJ olu aZmufcsowfrSwfxm;olyg/
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udkbndrf;[ muav;t &G, fupjyD; t oufaoqHk;csdeft xdvufa0SYt aMumi f;udkbJ olYt mHkxJrSm
xm;jyD; ' Dt aMumi f;udkbJajym? ' Dt aMumi f;udkbJa&;? ' gt wGufbJt vkyfvkyfaeolyg/
uav;(10)a, mufeJY ' Dvufa0SYudk rpm;&vJzufxm;? i wfjywfrGJawae&ufeJYvJ wG, fxm;olyg/
wu, fawmhvufa0SYu olYudkxri f;rauR;ygbl;/ udkbndrf;udkuRefrwdkYi , fi , fuwnf;odwm? olYudk
olYrdbeJYolYZeD;eJYci fri fwJhrdwfaqGawGu 0dki f;0ef;jyD; pm;zdkY&at mi fulnDcJhMu&wmyg/
udkbndrf;u vufa0SYudkcspfjrwfEdk;&i f; yef;csDvnf;qGJw, f/ pmvnf;a&;w, f/ (12)aumi f
usm;udkvnf; a&muf&mt &yf csdef;ol&Sdwdki f; xdk;ygw, f/ ' gaMumi fhvufa0SYynm[ m t Ekynm
[ kwfwmr[ kwfwmt yxm;/ i wfi wfjywfjywfayayawaweJY vufa0SYudk zufxm;wJhudkbndrf;uawmh
t Ekynmorm;t ppfygbJ/
udkbndrf;u ' Dvufa0SYt wwfaumi f;udkrEav;jrdKUu q&mBuD; OD;&mZwf&JYae&Si fe, fausmi f;u
&cJhwmyg/ ae&Si fe, fausmi f;udk [ dkwkef;uawmh ]]aecsi fwdki f;ausmi f;}} vkdY ac:ygao;w, f/
bmvdkYvJqdkawmh' Dausmi f;u wjcm;ausmi f;awGeJY rwlbJudk;/ ' Dausmi f;rSmyxrwkef;uawmh(21)
OD;om;orD;awGom t xm;rsm;cJhayr, fh aemufydki f;a&mufawmh ausmi f;wumu vufrcHwJh
ausmi f;olausmi f;om;awGvJ ' Dausmi f;uvufcHw, f/ t *Fvdyfpmcsnf;owfowfoi fay;wJh
pyg, f&S, fwef;&SdNyD; pmawmf&i f wpfESpf ESpfwef;wufEdki fwJht cGi fht a&;vnf; ay;xm;w, f/ ' gaMumi fh
udk&i fawG OD;yOi f;awG pyg, f&S, fwef;wufjyD; at mi fawmh t xufwef;udk a0gceJ
a&mufvmwmawGvnf; &Sdw, f/ ysHawmfrloGm;&SmNyDjzpfwhhJ "ruxdut ausmf t eD;pcef;q&mawmfwdkY?
rdk;ukwfq&mawmfOD;eEd, qdk&i f uRefrwdkYeJYwpfwef;wnf; ausmi f;wufMuzl;ao;wmaygh/
jyD;awmh q&mMuD;OD;&mZwfu rGwfqvi fjzpfavawmh rEav;rSm&SdwJh rGwfqvi fawG&JU
om;orD;awGvnf; ' Dausmi f;rSm&Sdygw, f/ udkbndrf;u 0ufpvD, Hausmi f;u ausmi f;xkwfvdkufwJh
rGwfpvi fvli , fav;yg/ ' gaMumi fhq&mMuD;OD;&mZwfausmi f;udkola&mufvmw, f/
ae&Si fe, fausmi f;u olrsm;ausmi f;awGvdkausmi f;0i f; us, fus, fjyefYjyefY&Sdwmr[ kwfbl;/ t J' Dawmh
ausmi f;ydki fabmvHk;uGi f;awGbmawGr&Sdbl;/ r&Sdawmh q&mMuD;u ausmi f; t aqmuft OD;xJrSmom
avhusi fhvdkY&wJhvufa0SYudkausmi f;om;awGudkoi fapw, f/ vufa0SYqdkwmabmufqi fxdk;wJhvuft dwfzdk;
t vGefukefwJh t m;upm;? t J' Dawmh ausmi f;wdki f;oi fMum;ray;Ekdi fbl;/ ' gudkodawmh
ausmi f;q&mawGwcsdKUu uRefrwdkY rdef;uav; ausmi f;olawGudk ajrmufay;w, f/
vuft dwfzdk;odyfukefwJh abmufqi fudkawmh aumi fav;awGzdkY vkyfay;w, f/ uRefrwdkYrdef;uav;awG
upm;zdkYvnf; q&mMuD;vkyfay;ygOD;vdkYt a&;qdkMuwJh/
uRefrwdkUu oi fvTwfvdkufwJht wdki f; q&mMuD;Hk;cef;xJ 0i foGm;NyD; ajymMuawmh q&mMuD;u
Punch r*Zi f;zwfae&mu armhMunfhNyD; ]]aomufa&t dk;wpfvHk;dkufcGJNyD; &Syf' dk;ypfacsMu}} wJh/
uRefrwdkUvJ &, farmNyD; q&mMuD;Hk;cef;u wyfacgufNyD; jyefcJhMuw, f/ uRefrwdkUudkajrmufay;wJht xJ
q&mMuD;nDudkbausmfvJ ygwmaygh/ ae&Si fe, fausmi f;qdkwm' Dvdkausmi f;yg/
udkbndrf;[ m oD[ dkVfom;vufa0SUenf;jyq&mMuD; bDvfzpf&Sm;eJU udkcspft Hk;&JUwynfU?
rGwfqvi fvl&nfv, f vufa0SUwufopfpav; bndrf;t jzpfeJU ae&Si fe, fausmi f;rSm emrnf
wufvmw, f/ q&mMuD;rpwm&mZwf&JUae&Si fe, fausmi f;xGufawGu wjcm;rGwfqvi fawGeJUrwlbl;?
rsdK;cspfpdwf&Sdw, f/ ArmeJU t aygi f;t oi f;ydkqefUw, f/ Arm&nfydkvnfw, f/ ArmeJU rGwfqvi f
a&maxG;aeavh&Sdygw, f/
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bndrf;[ m (13) ESpfom;eJU t rsdK;om;ausmi f;csefyD, Hzvm;udk (1936) ckESpfrSm pNyD;
qGwfcl;Edki fcJhwmaMumi fh' Dt csdefupNyD; bDvfzpf&Sm;arG;xkwfwJhae&Si fe, fausmi f;u vufa0SUausmfuav;
jzpfvmcJhygawmhw, f/
bndrf;u (13) ESpfom;upNyD; t ouf (33) ESpft xdESpfaygi f; (20) wdki fwdki f MudK;0dki f;xJrSm
vufa0SUorm;t jzpfeJU &SdaecJholyg/ bndrf;u apmapmyJ t drfaxmi fusw, f/ uav;awGvJ
t rsm;MuD;arG;w, f/ olUt ouf (40) rSm uav; (10) a, muf&JUt azjzpfaeNyD/ olUrdef;r
rMunfuawmhvi fom;t ay:nmwmMui fem&mrSmpHxm;avmufwJht rsdK;orD;wpfa, mufyg/ udkbndrf;
wpfoufvHk; vufa0SU0JMoCxJu rxGufbJaeEdki fat mi f olu uav;awGt rsm;MuD;vJ
arG;ay;ao;w, f/ pufyef;vJ xdk;auR;ao;w, f/ pufyef;rxdk;&wJht cg aps;a&mi f;auR;NyD;
udkbndrf;&JUyg&rDudkulnDjznfholyg/ ' Dae&mrSmrMunf[ mArmt rsdK;orD; t vGefyDoygw, f/ yef;yk
q&mMuD;OD;[ efwi f&JU ZeD;vdkyJ/ OD;[ efwi f ckvdkemrnfrBuD;ci f yef;csDyef;ykynmaemuf t i wfi wf
t jywfjywfeJU vdkufaewkef;u ZeD;a' :zGm;&Si fu uav;awGvJ arG;ay;ao;w, f/ aps;a&mi f;vJ
auR;ao;w, fqdk r[ kwfvm;/ ' Dvdkt rsdK;orD;awG b, fvlrsdK;rSm &SdrSmvJ/ ArmrSmrS&Sdwmuvm;/
ArmrawGu ' grsdK;[ mvkyfdk;vkyfpOfvdka, mufsm; raomi fomwJht cgqdkNyD; rdef;ru&SmauR;MuwmyJ/
udkbndrf;u vufa0SUudk olom t l;t rl; jrwfEdk;aewmr[ kwfbl;/ olUZeD;eJU olU
om;orD;awGudkvnf; olvdkjzpfat mi f pnf;Hk;w, f/ wjcm; vli , fvl&G, fawGudkvnf; olUvdkjzpfat mi f
pnf;Hk;olyg/ vufa0SUt aMumi f; aqmi f;yg;awG uRefrwdkU vlxk*sme, feJU vlxkuvyfaxmi fNyD;
vrf;BudKvrf;Mum;rSm awayaewJhuav;awGt ygt 0i f vli , fawGudk pkHk;ac:, lNyD; vufa0SU
oi fay;w, f/
udkbndrf;u vufa0SUudk vlodat mi f vlBudKufvmat mi fvkyfay;wJh ArmxJu t apmqHk;
vlwpfa, mufyg/ oleJUawGU&i f vufa0SUt aMumi f; rMum;zl;ola&m? Mum;zl;olyg vufa0SUt aMumi f;awG
oluajymjyaerSmyJ/ olvufrDwJh vlxk*sme, feJU owi f;pmuaeNyD; vufa0SU aqmi f;yg;awG
a&;jyaerSmyJ/ olUaqmi f;yg;awGudkwpfaeUwjcm; vlzwfrsm;vmwJht cg jr0wD? aoG;aomuf? wHcGef?
rdk;BudK; pojzi fhwjcm;pme, fZi f;awGrSmvJ a&;xnfhaewmyJ/ vufa0SUt aMumi f; vHk;csi f;0wKemrnfu
]]oJci f;ay:u aoG;wuGuf}}wJh/ vufa0SUt aMumi f;a&;xm;wJht *Fvdyfvdkpmt kyf vufa0SUt aMumi f;ygwJh
*sme, fr*Zi f;[ molUqDrSmt pHkt vi fqHk;&Sdygw, f/ olu ' Dpmt kyfrsdK;udkawGU&i f xri f;pm;p&mr&Sdcsi f
aeayap wef;0, fwmyg/ NyD;awmh olUt em;rSm vlwpfa, mufuESpfa, muf&Sdvm&i f olu
vufa0SUt aMumi f; ajymrSmyJ/ t ar&duefjynfaxmi fpkrSm aMu;pm;vufa0SUorm;awG MudK;0dki f;xJ
wxdki f;xdki f; usNyD; aoausaevdkUvufa0SU[ mMurf;MuKwf&ufpufwJht m;upm;rdkUydwfypf&r, fvdkU
a' gowMuD; awmi f;qdkMu? ESmacgi f;HIUaeMuwJht csdefrSmudkbndrf;uawmhvufa0SU[ mt EkynmygvdkU
umuG, fNrJyg/
udkbndrf;&JUvufa0SUouf t ESpf(20)qdkwm vufa0SUorm;wdkUavmurSm oufwrf;&SnfvGef;wJh
umvrsdK;yg/ olu uav;(5)a, muft azjzpfwJht xd xdk;aeao;wmyg/ udkbndrf;u olU
vufa0SUxdk;ouf t ESpf(20)t wGi f; yGJt csD(50) ausmfxdk;zl;w, f/ t J' D(50) ausmfrSm(7) yGJyJ
IH;zl;owJh/ yGJaygi f; (40) ausmfEdki fzl;w, f/ ' DEdki fyGJ (40) ausmft eufu olt ESpfoufqHk;
qkzvm;uawmh(1949) cku&wJhxdk;yHkxdk;enf; odyHenf;t usqHk; xdk;owfoludkay;wJhzvm;ygyJwJh/
' Dzvm;udkvlwum0i fNydKi fwJhyGJrSmri f;<u, f? qJjrL&, f? ud0Iduf? apm[ m' D? r*spfwdkUeJUt wl xdk;&i f;&wJh
zvm;ygwJh/ udkbndrf;u t J' Dnu pdefUaygvfu vi f;rmq, feJU NydKi fxdk;&w, f/ vi f;rmq, feJU
xdk;&mrSmbndrf;xdk;aygufu odyHenf;t usqHk;vdkUqHk;jzwfNyD; bndrf;udkay;wmav/
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uRefru &Si fxdk;orQyGJawGxJ b, fyGJt NrdefqHk;vJvdkU wpfcguar;Munfhawmh (1951) ckESpfu
t dEd, zJom;0dwfcsefyD, HyDbdkUpfeJUxdk;&wJhyGJ[ mt NrdefqHk;wJh/ t J' Dnu t dEd, u ArmEdki fi Hudkvufa0SU
(7) qdki f; vmxdk;w, f/ bndrf;xdk;wJhyGJuvGJvdkUt m;vHk;t qdki f;awGrSmArmuIH;ygw, f/ rsdK;oefUvJHI;?
r*spfvJIH;? at mi fjri fhvJIH;? auqJjrL&, fvJHI;? ' gaMumi fh t dk;a0owi f;pmu ]]bndrf;wpfa, muf
&SdvdkUomArmawGacgi f;azmfEdki fawmhonf}} vdkU a&;ygw, f/ ' DyGJudk udkbndrf;u uRefrudk b, fvdk
pm;NrHKUjyefovJqdkawmh ]]a' :t rmhES, f? t J' Dnu uRefawmfwdkU ArmawGt m;vHk;IH;ukefawmh
uRefawmhfrdef;u rMunfu t i frwefpdk;&drfwJhrsufESmeJU ]*kpdkufxdk;aemf} vdkUrSmw, f/ uRefawmhfrdef;r
rMunf aomu a&mufwm' DwpfyGJyJ/ olpdwfyl&SmwJhrsufESmuav;udkuRefawmhfpdwfxJpGJaew, f/ ' geJU
]i ghrdef;rvJ rsufESmri , fapeJU? wdki f;jynfvJ rsufESmri , fapeJUqdkNyD; uRefawmfxdk;wmyg}} wJhav/
udkbndrf;Edki fvdkufwJh bdkUpfu t dEd, u t awmfqHk;zJom;0dwform;jzpfNyD; t dkvHypfESpfckjyef t dEd,
vufa&G;pi fyg/
' DyGJEdki fvdkufvdkU (1952) zi fvefrSmusi f;ywJh (15) Mudrfajrmuft dkvHypfudk vTwfzdkU udkbndrf;
t a&G;cH&wmyg/ t J' Dawmhudkbndrf;u t ouf(28) ESpft &G, f uav;(3)a, muf&JUt az jzpfaeygNyD/
' gayr, fh udkbndrf;u t J' Dt csdef[ molUt oefpGrf;qHk;t csdef rMunfu t pdk;&drfqHk;t t csdefvdkUvnf;
ajymygw, f/ udkbndrf;pum;ajym&i f rMunfuawmhygwmyJaemfvdkUajymawmh uefawmfMuD; AdkvfcsKyf
aMu;kyfMuD;a&SUrSm olwdkUrdom;pk om;orD;t ukefeJU wef;pDdkufxm;wJh "mwfyHkudk ydkufqHt dwfxJu
xkwfjyNyD; ]]uRefawmfhudk AdkvfcsKyfuawmi f ]a[ haumi fawmfawmh}vdkU wm;, l&w, f}}vdkU ajymNyD;
w[ m;[ m; &, faeygw, f/ udkbndrf;u Edki fi Hjcm;om;awGeJU (7)Mudrfxdk;zl;w, f/ wpfMudrfrSmawmh
Oa&mycsefyD, Hydkvefu vufa0SUausmf Zuf' dk;*dkUpfeJUxdk;&NyD; usm;bndrf;u t rSwfeJUHI;cJhw, f/
usm;bndrf; vufa0SUrSmbmaumi f;wmvJvdkUolxdk;wmudkrjri fzl;vdkufolawGu ar;&i f bndrf;u
wpfzufom;eJU , SOfxdk;wJht cg a&Smi fajy;wmrsdK; qkwfoGm;wmrsdK; vkyfwmr[ kwfbl;/ &yfaewm/
NyD;awmhrSmcg;ay:rSmwi fvSnfhNyD; a&Smi fwdrf;aewm/
t J' Dpwdki fu abmufqi frSmvSw, f/ Munfh&oluvJBudKufw, f/ wcsdKUu wpfzufvleJU, SOfrd&i f
0i fvmwJhvufoD;udk a&Smi fcsi fvdkU ajcvSrf;eJUqkwfoGm;wm/ wpfzufudkxGufajy;wmrsdK; vkyfMuw, f/
bndrf;u a0;a0;rajy;ygbl;/ vlcsi f;vufwpfurf;pmrSmyJ &J&J &yfaewmyg/ vmwJh vufoD;udk
cg;ay:uae vSnfhNyD;oma&Smi fwmwdrf;wmyg/ t J' Dvdk udk, fhxdk;zufem;rSmuyf&yfae&Jawmh olUrSm
bmt cGi fht vrf; omvmovJqdk&i f udk, fuxdk;uGuf&wmeJUwpfNydKi feuf t uGufaumi f;udk
csufcsi f;&, lNyD; xdk;vdkufEdki fwmaygh/ ' gaMumi fh udkbndrf;xdk;aewmudk Munfh&wJht cg y&dowfu
]]' grSaygh? ' DvdkrSaygh}} vdkUt m;&Muw, f/ udkbndrf;wdkUu y&dowfMudKuf vufa0SUorm;rsdK;yg/
olxdk;aygufudkMunfh&wJht cg ]]b, ft em;rSmqdk i gomjzi fh b, fvdkxdk;vdkufrSmyJ}} vdkU yGJMunfhu
rat mufarh&awmhbl;/ t J' Dt m;r&rIrsdK; r&Sdvdkuf&ci f oluxdk;NyD;jzpfaewwfw, f/
usm;bndrf;u rEav;0i f;MudK0i f;Mum;rSmajy;vTm;upm;aewJh uav;awGt rsm;MuD;udk vufa0SU
oi fay;oGm;vdkU vufa0SUorm;aumi f;av;awGjzpfvmwJht cg &Jbuf? ppfbuf pwmawGrSm
t vkyf&ukefMuwmawG renf;bl;/ rEav;' g;wef;u (25) vrf;rSmwpfck? (83) vrf;
AruHk;vrf;rSmwpfck? udkbndrf;u a&Tusm;uvyfqdkNyD; vufa0SUuvyfawGaxmi fw, f/ t &yfom;a&m
ausmi f;om;a&m olu vufa0SUoi fay;w, f/ t J' Dvdkvkyfay;vdkU olUrSm bmrS&wmr[ kwfbl;/
yHkrawmf&i f t &yfu rkef;ao;w, f/ EdkUayr, fhbndrf;u oi fNrJoi fwmygyJ/ kyfjri foHMum;u (Sugar
Ray Leonard's Golden Gloves) t pDt pOfvm&i f &SL;*g;a&;vD, dkewfu xdk;aewJh
vufa0SUorm;av;awG&JU xdk;aygufudk a0zefjyaewJht cg uRefrrsufpdxJ udkbndrf;udkcsnf;
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jri fa, mi faew, f/ oloi fay;oGm;wJh vufa0SUorm; &meJUcsD&Sdygw, f/ t J' Dt xJu csefyD, H(18)
OD;xGufygowJh/ rEav;u &Jcspf? &JaqG? &Jwi fh? &Jjri fhwdkU[ m &i fbwfrSm usm;acgi f;wyfNyD;
(udkbndrf;&JUuvyfwHqdyf) MudK;0dki f;0i fvmMuolawGyg/ &efukefu vufa0SUausmfawGjzpfwJhwi fhxGef;?
t , fvdyfZef;' *&m;eJUa&wyfu vSa&TwdkU[ mbndrf;wynfhawGyg/
]]a' :t rmES, fh uRefawmfyGJaygi f;t csD(50) ausmf xdk;zl;w, f/ t rSwfeJU (7) yGJIH;zl;ygw, f/
yGJxdk;vdkU uRefawmfvJw, fvdkUvJ r&SdcJhzl;bl;/ uGJw, fvnf;r&SdcJhzl;bl;/ ESmacgi f;aoG;, dkwm? rsufvHk;
t ndKt rJjzpfwmawmi f r&SdcJhzl;ygbl;/ , Hkyg? wu, fyg/ a[ m' DrsufcHk;wdkU? yg;wdkUu t em&GwfawG[ m
uRefawmfhwynfhawGudkoi fay;&i f; cH&wJh wynfhawG&JU vuf&mt rSwft om;awGyg/ ' Daumi fawGudk
uRefawmfuzufxdk;&i f; udk, fhfrsufESmay;t xdk;cHNyD; oi fjyvmcJhawmholwdkUwpfawG[ muRefawmhf pwkdi fudk
t jynfht 0 t wk, lEdki fcJhMuygw, fvdkUusm;bndrf;u ajymygw, f/
t ouf (13) ESpfom;u vufa0SUudk ayGUydkufzufwG, fxm;wJh usm;bndrf;udk
t rsdK;om;udk, fvufMuHcdki fa&;aumi fpDu (1954) ckESpfrSmvufa0SUenf;jyq&mcefUvdkufygw, f/
bndrf; ausmi f;uxGufNyD; ' kwd, urmppfMuD;jzpfvmw, f/ ppfjzpfawmhbndrf; ppfxJvdkufw, f/
ppfNyD;awmhr[ mrdwfwyfom;awGeJUvufa0SUxdk;aeNyD; xri f;pm;zdkUt wGuf ol 0goemygwmwpfckjzpfwJh
pkwfudki fNyD; qdki f;bkwfa&;pm;ygw, f/ EdkUayr, fh qdki f;bkwf a&;w, fqdkwm t csdefraG;a&;ae&rS
xri f;0r, fht vkyfrsdK;/ olu r[ mrdwfwyfawGeJUcsdef;NyD; vufa0SUcsnf;xdk;zdkU BudK;pm;aewmrdkU
ZeD;rMunfu jzpfovdk&SmazGauR;&ygw, f/ t J' DurmppfMuD;NyD;rS usm;bndrf; qdkwJhemrnf
olpNyD;&wmyg/
vufa0SUorm;usm;bndrf;vdkUqdkvdkuf&i f rodolawGu t vGefaMumufp&maumi f;wJhvlvdkU
xi fMuvdrfhr, f/ EdkUayr, fht J' Dvdkxi fwm[ mygpi fat mi fvGJygw, f/ udkbndrf; usm;qdkwJhemrnfudk
&yHk, lyHku' Dvkdyg/ udkbndrf;u i , fi , fav; (10) ESpfom;avmufuwnf;u (12) aumi f
usm;xdk;0goemygygw, f/ olUnDcspfndKudkbodef;u olUxuf (1) ESpfomi , fwJhnD/ ' DnDeJUusm;xdk;
upm;aeMuwmyJ/ ' DvkdnDt pfudkusm;xkd;&i f; bwjyef usm;wjyef Edki faeMu/
olwdkUawmfawmfav;MuD;vmawmh rEav;rSm (12) aumi fusm;emrnfMuD;wJh OD;bodef;MuD;
qdkwm&Sdw, f/ ' DOD;bodef;MuD;u bndrf;wdkUudkusm;aTUenf; t uGufaumi f;uav;awGudkoi fay;w, f/
cspfvdkU/ t J' Dawmhudkbndrf;u OD;bodef;MuD;[ m]usm;bk&m;yJ} vdkU olu t xi fodyfMuD;ygw, f/
' DOD;bodef;MuD;udk usm;xdk;aumi f;vdkU rEav;u ]usm;bodef;} vdkUvJ ac:Muygw, f/ ppfNyD;p
bmvkyfpm;&rSef;rodvdkU pkwfudki fNyD; qdki f;bkwfa&;pm;awmh t J' Dacwf rEav; yef;csDavmurSm
b&i fuav;? <u, fav;? ndKav; pwJh ]av;}ygwJh yef;csDq&mawGu t vkyf vkyfaeMuwm/
olwdkUudkt m;usNyD; udkbndrf;u olUqdki fbkwfa&;wJhpkwfudkvJ ]av;}eJU emrnfay;csi fw, f/ t J' Dawmh
usm;MuD;bodef;&JUwynfhrdkU ]usm;uav;} vdkUola&;wJhqdki f;bkwfawGrSm oluvufrSwfxdk;w, f/
pkwfemrnfudk ]usm;uav;}vdkU , lvdkufw, f/ (1974) ckESpfrSm usi f;ywJh vufa0SUAdkvfvkyGJrSm
udkbndrf;u bi fwef0dwfwef;rSmcsefyD, H&w, f/ t J' Dawmhvlxkowi f;pmu ]usm;uav;bndrf;}vdkU
olUudkazmfjyvdkufw, f/ ' Dt csdefupNyD; ]usm;uav;bndrf;}]usm;uav; bndrf;}vdkUjzpfvmwmygyJ/
' Demrnfudk udkbndrf;u odyfMudKufygw, f/ olUudk udkbndrf;vdkU ac:wmxuf usm;bndrf;
vdkUac:rS NyHK;vmolyg/ udkbndrf;qdk&i f oluolUac:w, frxi fbl;av/ ' Dusm;uav;qdkwmudk
olb, favmufMudKufovJqdk&i f usm;yHkusm;t kyf b, frSmyJawGUawGUoluqkwf, lxm;&rS/ olUvufu
t m;ae&i fusm;kyfudkqGJaewm/ olUqDrSm usm;yHkawG t aet xm;t rsdK;rsdK;eJU pkxm;w, f/
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usm;acgi f;yHkpHawG ra&wGufEdki fat mi f olu qGJxm;w, f/ olUvufa0SUuvyfu vli , fawG&JU
&i fbwfrSmusm;acgi f;MuD;awGeJUav/
]]udkbndrf;&JU? &Si fht aMumi f; t wdkqHk;ajymjyprf;yg}}qdkawmh]] (1923) ckarG;? t &yf (5) ay (4)
vufr? udk, ft av;csdef (9) pwkef (120)aygi f? t ouf (40) t G, frSmuav; (10) a, muft az?
(2) a, mufaovdkU (8) a, muft zwfwi fw, f/ ZeD;eJUom;orD; (8) a, mufudk vufa0SU
enf;jyq&mt jzpfeJUr0w0 auR;aeygw, f}}wJh/
udkbndrf;u vufa0SUenf;jyq&mt jzpfeJUae&i f; Armhvufa0SUudk urmhvufa0SUwpfckvdk
pi fwi fEdki fwJh t jzpfudka&mufzdkUvJ wpfzufwpfvrf;u MudK;yrf;t m;xkwfvmygw, f/ Arm
vufa0SUorm;aumi f;awGxGufwJhrGefjynfe, f? u&i fjynfe, fawGudka&mufwJht cg awmMudKt HkMum;rSm
owdjyaeMuwJh rGefvli , f? u&i fvli , fav;awGudk ac:vmNyD; &efukefvdk? rEav;vdkrSm
pi fwi fay;ygw, f/ olu pnf;rJhurf;rJh owdjyaeMuwJh vli , fav;awGt wGuf pdwfraumi f;ygbl;/
awmyef;av;awGt vum; aMuGvGi fh&ovdkyJwJh/ Armhvufa0SUrSmpnf;urf;awGqGJay;NyD; odyHenf;us
xdk;owfenf;awGudkoi fjyay;w, f/ wcgawmhArmhvufa0SUorm;awGudkwkwfjynf ac:oGm;NyD; olu
pi fwi fay;ygw, f/ , dk;' , m;rSmxdk;aewJh t rsdK;om;vufa0SUeJU Armvufa0SUudk, SOf, SOfNyD; ajymvdkuf&
wmuvJ t armyJ/
udkbndrf;u ]]a' :t rmhES, f? uRefawmfcspfwJhvufa0SUudk t aMumi f;jyKNyD; (15) Budrfajrmuf
urmht dkvHypfyGJ [ Jvpi fuDudkvnf;a&muf&NyD/ t aemufqdk bufui f[ rfeef;awmfvnf; a&muf&NyD/
t a&SUqdk wi ft mri f&i fjyi frSmwkwf0efMuD;csKyf csdKt i fvdki f;&JU rdefUcGef;udkvJ em;axmi fzl;ygNyD}} vdkU
auseyfpum; ajymygao;w, f/
usm;bndrf;u vufa0SUudk t Ekynmwpf&yft aeeJUom MudKufwmyg/ olUb0 olU
qufqHa&;rSmawmh olMudKufwJh vufa0SUynmudk b, fawmhrS t oHk;rcsygbl;/ olu avmu"H
t axmi f; t xkudk vSdrfhcH&i f; oli , fcsi f;awGeJU &, f&, farmarm aysmfaysmfTi fTi fom aewmyg/
udkbndrf; npfoGm;w, f? t Edki fusi fhoGm;w, fvdkU b, frSmrS r&Sdygbl;/
olrsm;udkxdk;ESufoGm;w, fvdkUvnf; r&Sdygbl;/ olUrSm0onfjzpfap? r0onfjzpfap &, fp&majymNyD;
w[ m;[ m;&, faewmyg/ ]uRefawmfhudkusm;bndrf;qdkvdkUvlawGut i frwefUvlMurf;MuD;vdkUxi fMuw, f/
uRefawmfujzi fh nqdk&i f t dyf&muxNyD; t drfomwpfa, mufwnf;roGm;0HhvdkU rMunfEId;NyD;
t azmfac:&ao;w, f/ uRefawmfuwapaMumufwmudk;}qdkNyD; w[ m;[ m;&, fygw, f/
usm;bndrf;u rEav;udkvJ odyfcspfygw, f/ b, fa&mufa&muf olUrEav;t aMumi f; <um;wmyg/
vlcsi f;, SOfrd&i f olUrEav;u wpf0gBuD;vdkufwmyJ/ b, foleJUpum;qdk&qdk& rEav;bufu
Edki fat mi fajymwmyg/ ' gayr, fhudkbndrf;u vlrkef;at mi f<um;wJhvlpm; r[ kwfygbl;/ vlcspfat mi f
ajymwwfolomyg/
(12) aumi fusm;udkawmh oluodyf0goemygw, f/ wpfNrdKUwpf&Gmudk t vkyfudpeJUjzpfjzpf
bmeJUjzpfjzpfoGm;&&i f vlpHkwJh vufzuf&nfqdki fvdkae&mrSm usm;xdk;zdkU buf&SmwmyJ/ NyD;awmh
usm;xdk;&i f; rEav;t aMumi f;ajymwmygyJ/
olrEav;rSmaewkef;u aps;csdKxJu ausmfvIdi fvufzuf&nfqdki f[ m vlpHkpkwJhae&m? udkbndrf;
rvm&raeEdki fwJh ae&mwpfckyJ/ t J' DrSm ay:OD;ouf&Sdr, f/ wi frdk;wdkU&Sdr, f/ armi fom&wdkU&Sdr, f/
umwGef;0i f;azwdkU&Sdr, f/ oli , fcsi f;pHkwJh' Dae&mrSm olurEav;t aMumi f; olb, fNrdKUrSm b, fvdk
ajymcJhw, fqdkwmudkazmufonfcswmyJ/

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udkoef;&i f (rEav;&J) eJUusm;bndrf;

jrefrmEkdi fi Hu vufa0SUavmurSm rEav;u &Judkoef;&i fwdkU[ m apmapmpD;pD; emrnfMuD;wJh
abmufqi form;awGyg/ urmh[ JAD;0dwfcsefyD, H*si feDwefeDvufxuf urmvSnfUw, f/ NyD;awmhoD[ dkVf
a&mufwJht cg olu (Best Boxer) t aumi f;qHk; xdk;owfolqkzvm; wpfvHk;ay;cJhw, f/ ' Dzvm;udk
ukdoef;&i fu oD[ dkVfrSmbi fwef0dwfwef;rSmxdk;&i f; &cJhygw, f/
(1947) ckESpfu ppfNyD;acwfrSmyxrOD;qHk; vufa0SUoi fwef;wpfckrEav;NrdKUrSmzGi fhvSpfcJhw, f/
' Doi fwef;udk jzpfajrmufat mi fulnDay;oluawmh rEav;NrdKUu &wemyHk qDpufydki f&Si fqDodef;om;
vlysdKMuD; OD;at ;armi faygh/ oluolUqDpuf0i f;MuD;xJrSm ae&may;Hkru t auR;t arG;yg
wm0ef, lygw, f/ rEav;rSm ' DvdkudpawGudk pdwfa&mudk, fyg t m;ay;wwfwJh t rsdK;om;
vlcsrf;omawG&Sdwmu cspfp&maumi f;ygw, f/
' Doi fwef;udk t xufArmEdki fi Hu vli , fvlG, fawG t rsm;MuD; wufvmMuw, f/
udkbndrf;vJwufw, f/ udkoef;&i fu udkbndrf;udk t wGi f;0i f t eD;uyfowfenf;ac:wJht i f;zdkufudk
t J' Doi fwef;rSm aoaocsmcsmoi fay;oGm;ygw, f/ t i f;zdkufudk yl;uyfowfenf;vdkUvJ ac:ygw, f/
udkbndrf;aumi f;w, fqdkwJh[ mawGrSm' Dt i f;zdkufwi fvJygygw, f/
udkbndrf;t ouf (40) ausmfyJ&Sdao;w, f/ qHyi fawGjzLvSNyD/ (1965) ckESpf uGmvmvrfylrSm
usi f;ywJhqD;, uf*drf;u olUudkEdki fi Hwumvufa0SUt uJjzwft jzpfeJUac:vdkUoGm;&w, f/ [ dka&muffawmh
t drf&Si frav;&Sm;wpfOD;u ci fAsm;qHyi fawmi f jzLaeygyaumvdkUajymvdkUwJh? ]]My hair may be grey, but
once I was as good as Cascious Clay and Born in Mandalay }}vdkUuAsmeJUajymcJhowJh/
olUom;orD;awGt aMumi f;udkar;&i f om;orD; (10) a, muf&Sd? (2) a, mufi , fi , fuqHk;awmh(8)
a, mufusefw, f/ a, mufsm; (6) a, muf/ aemufwpfa, mufu qefeDndrf;u yef;csDyef;yk
0goemygw, f/ &Jjri fhndrf;u yef;csD0goemygw, f/ rsdK;jri fhndrf;u vufa0SUorm;? awmfawmfxdk;aeNyD/
orD;ESpfa, muf rmvmndrf;eJU pEmndrf;? NyD;awmh jzLav;eJU xGef;at mi f/ uRefawmfom;orD;awG
MuD;vm&i f b, folbmjzpfr, fawmhrodbl;wJh/ EdkUayr, fholrqHk;ci f (2) ESpfrSmolUorD;i , f pEmndrf;
vufckwfukef;udk aysmfyGJpm;oGm;&i f; a&epfaoqHk;cJh&Smw, f/ t ouf (20) t &G, frSmMuD;vSrS
ckvdkjzpfoGm;&awmh udkbndrf; awmfawmfpdwfxdcddkufw, f/ ' DorD;uav; aoqHk;&yHk
t usdK;t aMumi f;awGudkuRefrqDvmNyD; rsuf&nfvnfGJeJUajymjyaewmt MumMuD;?pdwfraumi f;p&myJ/
udkbndrf;[ m t pma[ mi f;vrf;aMumi f;rSmjzpfwJh ui fqma&m*geJU qHk;ygowJh/ olraoci f
uRefra&;wmudk zwfcsi fygw, f ylqm&SmwJh udkbndrf;udk uRefru olaoqHk;oGm;wmawmi frS
0rf;enf;pum; pmav;wpfaMumi f; csufcsi f;ra&;Edki fwJht jzpfrdkUckrSyJ uRefrt ay:wi f&SdaewJht a<u;udk
t wdk;a&mt &i f;yg ay;qyfvdkuf&i f; udkbndrf;udk, fpm; udkbndrf;udkci fri folawGuyJ zwfMuygawmhvdkU
awmi f;yefpum; qdkvdkuf&ygw, f/
(usm;bndrf;u olUemrnfndrf;udk ' Dt wdki f; pmvHk;aygi f;ygw, f/ ' gaMumi fh olMudKufwJht wdki f;
pmvHk;aygi f;a&;vdkufygw, f/ )

_ _ _ _ _ _ _


AEKvOD;qdki f

Ak' bmom&[ ef;awmfrsm; 0wfHkwJh ouFef; t BuD;t us, f a&mi f;csoGm;cJhwJh AEKv
OD;qdki ft aMumi f; odaumi f;p&mrsm; a&;ygOD;r, f/ ouFef;a&mi f;cswJhvkyfi ef;udka&S;uawmharmfvNrdKi f?
ykodrf? rEav; pojzi fh udk, fha' oeJUudk, f aq;qdk;csKyfvkyfNyD; a&mi f;csMuygw, f/ a' ot vdkuf
oHCmawmfrsm; ESpfoufwJhvuf&memrnfMuD;wmygyJ/
rEav;uOD;qdki fu ]r[ mAEKvwHqdyf} qdkNyD;uyfESdyfwJh ouFef;vkyfi ef;MuD; ay:aygufvmwJh
t cgawmhwpfjynfaxmi fvHk;rSmolUouFef;u ausmfMum;vmNyD; &[ ef;awmfrsm;uvnf; ESpfoufawmf
rlMuwmaMumi fhwpfjynfvHk;t wdki f;t wmeJUjzefUcsda&mi f;cswJht qi fhudka&muf&Sdvmygw, f/
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ydwft aumi f;pm;eJUvnf; 2usyf?3usyfwef &Syft uFsDt aumi f;pm;rsm;udkcsKyfvkyfa&mi f;csygw, f/
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t aemufrkcf a&Ta&;aqmi fwdkufBuD;xJu t v, fwdkufrBuD;[ mOD;qdki feJUa' :apmwi fwdkU&JUaumi f;rIyg/
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olUawGUrSqlr, fav;?t vay;wJh&uf reufurvmbl;&Si f?
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uRefrwdkUrEav;[ m ckav;i g;ajcmufESpft wGi f;rSm t oGi ft jyi fawG t rsm;MuD;ajymi f;vJaeygw, f/
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rEav;NrdKUouf[ mckrSESpfaygi f; (130)ausmfyJ&Sdygao;w, f/ ' gayr, fhwjznf;jznf; ajymi f;rsdK;
r[ kwfwJht ajymi f;t vJBuD;awGrEav;rSmjzpfwmwpfMudrfruawmhbl;/ uRefrwdkUu rEav;olawG/
uRefrt aru rEav;arG;? NyD;awmh t a&mi f;t 0, form;awGqdkawmh b, fNrdKUrS ajymi f;w, fa&TUw, f
&SdcJhMuwmr[ kwfbl;/ uRefrqdk&i f &efukefoGm;NyD; (2)ESpfausmi f;aezl;w, f/ urmppfBuD;jzpfawmh
ppfajy;b0eJU (3)ESpf awmawGrSmaezl;w, f/ t Jh' guvGJ&i f wpfavQmufvHk; uaeUxufxd
rEav;rSmyJaewmyJ/
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ckaekwfw&ufjyefvmvdkUolUrEav;udkawGU&i f ]]t rm&, f? wdkUrEav;uvJ b, fvdkkjzpfoGm;wmvJ}}vdkU
ar;rSmt rSefyJ/ t arhudkrajymygeJUav/ (1982) ckESpfurS qHk;&SmwJh vlxkOD;vS ]]uRefawmfu
r, m;ygrEav;om;}} vdkU&, fumarmumeJUajymwwfwJhOD;vS? ckaersm; rEav;udkolawGU&i f ]]rma&?
wdkUrEav;u ajymi f;oGm;vdkufwmaemf}}vdkUuRefrudkolajymrSmt rSefyg/
[ kwfygw, f/ uRefrwdkUrEav;u ajymi f;vJaewmckwavmaeUpOfeJUt rQyg/ wpf&HwpfcgrS
MunfUvmjri fvmr, fholrsm;udkrajymxm;ygeJUuRefrwdkUt NrJaeawGawmi frS[ dkvrf;' Dvrf; ravQmufwm
enf;enf;MumoGm;&i f rrSwfrdavmufat mi f t aqmuft OD;opfawGu jywumrSm wdk;wufvdkU
aeygw, f/ t xl;ojzi fh (2)ESpf (3)ESpft wGi f;rSm rEav;&JUajymi f;vJyHku t oGi ft jyi fa&m?
t aet xm;a&m?t ESpfom&a&majymi f;aewJhyHkyg/
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jyKjyi fajymi f;vJw, f/ ausmufvrf;awGci f;? a&ajrmi f;awGwl;? "mwf&xm;vrf;awGazmuf pwmrsm;t jyi f
t rsdK;om;pdwf"mwf t pdki ft cJ&SdwJhrEav;udkenf;rsdK;pHkeJUajczsufzdkUBudK;pm;cJhw, f/ ygawmfrlNyD; 4-5-10
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ppfudki f;awmi fdk;udkcsnf; yvdyfajy;ajy;ol 1908? 1909 ckESpfu ESpfaomi f;ausmf&Sdw, fqdkwJh
t rSwft om;rsm; &Sdygw, f/ NrdKUysufNyDqdkNyD; yuf&S0g"mwfawmfudk yi fhay;wmut p enf;rsdK;pHkeJU
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vlaeNrdKUawGudk rD;avmi fAHk;awG &uf&ufpufpufMuJcszsufqD;ypfMuvdkU eef;awmfBuD;eJUwuG
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t &yfulyg vl0kdi f;yg &Sm, lMu&olawG wpfyHkwpfyi f/ awGUawmh rD;avmi foGyfudkawmi f
csrf;omray;Edki fbl; dkufxkNyD; ckdudk;aexdki fp&mt drfuav;awGt jzpf aqmufwnfMu&mrSm
xnfUNyD;rdk;&um&w, f/ rEav;NrdKUudkNrdKuvlxku b, fppfavsmfaMu;rSr&bJ udk, fhpGrf;t m;&Sdoavmuf
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awmvl&nfwwf wcsdKUu NrdKuwufNyD; ae&mawG 0, fMujcrf;Muw, f/ ' gaMumi fh
aygi f;a[ mi f;oi f;a[ mi f;wdkU &yfaqG&yfrsdK;wdkUqdkwmawGawmh [ dkwuGJonfwuGJjzpfwJholujzpf?
rsufESmpdrf;vlopfawG udk, fht &yfxJa&mufvmvdkU vlopfawGeJU aygi f;oi f;&wmawG jzpfvmoaygh/
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t vkyfrsdK;pHkawGxJrSm rarhaysmufpaumi f;wJh jrefrmh*kP faqmi fvkyfi ef;MuD;awGvnf; awmfawmfrsm;rsm;
yg0i fygw, f/
Oyrm 1924 ckepfu vef' efNrdKU qi fajczHk;rSmjyKvkyfcJhwJh 0i fAvDjyyGJMuD;u q&mhvuf&m
jrefrmjycef;qdk&i f urmausmfHkomru jrefrmudkurmuodapcJhwJhvuf&mawGjzpfygw, f/
jAdwdoQt pdk;&[ m wpfcsdefu aer0i fwJht i fyg, m&Si f r[ kwfvm;/ t Jh' Dt jzpfudk xkwfazmf
<um;0gwJht aeeJYt i fyg, mjyyGJMuD;wpfckpDpOfcJhjyD; olYudkvkdeDwpfckjzpfwJhjrefrmEdki fi Hu jyyGJcef;wpfae&m
&, ljyoapcJhw, f/
t Jh' DrSm{u 220 us, fwJhjyuGi f;MuD;xJrSmjrefrmjycef;u 2 {ut us, f&SdwJhurlwpfckay:rSm
jyxm;wmjzpfw, f/ jymom' ft jzLxnfudk bdvyfuyJwm0ef, laqmufvkyfjyD; t J' DrSm wyfqi fzdkY
yef;t ajymufawGudkq&mqdki fu rEav;uaejyD; wynfhawGeJYxkvkyfay;vkduf&wmjzpfw, f/jyyGJMuD;rSm
jrefrmjycef;[ m t xl;vlMudKufrsm;jyD; vl 27 oef; 0i fa&mufMunfhIwJht eufu jrefrmjycef;udk
rMunfUbJjyefol r&Sdoavmuf emrnfMuD;cJhw, fqdkwJhrSwfwrf;rSwf&mawG&Sdygw, f/
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aTwd*HkapwDawmfMuD;ywfvnfu t azeJYt wlaqmufcJhwJh opfom;wefaqmi f;MuD;awG?
jymom' fMuD;awGeJYt wl a&Twd*Hkt aemufrkcfapmi f;wef;BuD;eJYwefaqmi f;BuD;[ mvnf; q&mhvuf&myg/
q&mci feJYom;rsm; ukrP DqdkwJhemrnfeJY &efukefrSm vkyfaqmi forQ q&mqdki f t kyfcsKyf
vkyfudki fwmawGygyJ/ &efukefjrdKUawmfcef;rt aqmuft OD;MuD;u jrefrmh[ efyef? jrefrmhyHkpHawG?
&efukefwuodkvf "rmHkBuD;qdkwmawGrSm q&mhvuf&mawGaygh/ u&0dwfMuD;uawmh q&mhqdki f&JU
om;ESpfa, mufjzpfwJhOD;ai GvIdi fwdkYOD;jroi f;wdkYnDt pfudkwm0ef, lwJhvuf&mrsm;yg/
rEav;jrdKUrSmawmh r[ mrkedbk&m;t aemufrkcfu jym m' f? ajrmufrkcfu t kwfaqmi f;wef;eJY
rkcfOD;t 0i f[ m q&mhvuf&m? t drfawmf&mt aemufrkcfjym m' fMuD;eJY ajrmufapmi f;wef;MuD;wpfckvHk;
q&mqdki f&JUvuf&m? ousoD[ bk&m; t aemufrkcft qi f;u wefaqmi f;eJYjym m' f? AEKv"rmHkMuD;u
wefaqmi f;eJYjym m' fawGvnf; q&mqdki f&JUvuf&mygyJ/
q&mqdki f t ouf 70 ausmfNyD;rS aemufqHk;wm0ef, l vkyfaqmi foGm;wmESpfckuawmh
y&d, wdomoemh[ dwt oi f;u AdrmefawmfMuD;ESi fh omoemhwuodkvft wGi f;u odrfawmfMuD;wdkY
jzpfygw, f/
AdrmefawmfMuD;udk OD;qdki fu om;udkjroi f;eJYt wl udk, fwdki fyHkpHa&;w, f/ udk, fwdki fMuD;Muyf
aqmufvkyfw, f/ qi f0i fwdkufawGrSmuyfxm;wJh e, m;kyfMuD;awGudk t oufygat mi f udk, fwdki f
vkyfaqmi fay;ygw, f/
' Dt aqmuft OD;MuD;udk i g;ESpfeJYt jyD;aqmufay;w, f/ ai G7 odef;avmufomukefusw, f/ ai G
wpf&musyfrSm6 usyf uefxdkufvkyfol&, l&r, fht caMu;ai Gudk q&mqdki fuwpfjym;wpfcsyfrSr, lyJ
t m;vHk; t oi f;udkvvkdufygw, f/
t v&Si frsm;u wpfpHkwpf&mvcsi fvdkY q&mqdki fqDudk t yfw, fqdk&i f q&mqdki fu dk;om;wJhvl?
apwemxm;jyD;vkyfaqmi fwJhvlrdkYrlvu ajymxm; oabmwlnDxm;wmxufydkjyD; vkyfay;cJhwJht vkyfawG
t rsm;BuD;&Sdygw, f/ ' gaMumi fh t v&Si frsm;u q&mqdki feJYqufqHrd&i f pdwfcsrf;omMu&w, f/
auseyf0rf;ajrmufrI&SdMuw, f/ r[ mrkedkyf&Si fawmf&JU at mufcHykvi fawmfMuD;udk q&mqdki frGrf;rHay;&wJh
t csdefwkef;uvnf; t v&Si f t jrwf0efaxmuf OD;bwdkYeJY a*gyut zGJUu
q&mqdki f&JYvuf&maumi f;vGef;vdkY a&TwHqdyfwpfck? ai Gi g;&musyfeJY 0wfpHkwpfpHkqkt jzpfcsD;jri fhMuowJh/
q&mqdki f&JUwpfoufrSmt Jh' Dvdkt vkyf&Si fuauseyfvGef;vdkYay;t yfwJha&TwHqdyfqkawG? ai Gom;qkawG
0wfpHkawGt MudrfMudrf&&Sdzl;ygw, f/
rEav;rSm[ dkacwfu t vawGjywfw, fr&Sd ay;vwJh rpdk;&drfolaX;OD;ausmfwdkUvdk yk*dKvfrsdK;?
*EmHk' umOD;pmwdkUvdkyk*dKvfrsdK;awGuqdk&i f pdwfapwemaumi f;NyD; dk;om;ajzmi fhrwfwJh q&mqdki fudk
t vGefauseyfygw, f/ olwdkUvavorQausmi f;uefbk&m;awGrSmq&mqdki fvuf&mrygvQi f rNyD;awmhbl;/
q&mqdki fu bmoma&;vJ xl;xl;vnfvnfudki f;Idi f;w, f/ olUrSm om;orD;awGxJu
orD;wpfa, muf i , fjzLoDv&Si fjzpfoGm;w, f/ om;wpfa, muf &[ ef;b0a&muf&Sdw, f/ ' Dom;
&[ ef;[ mqdk&i f t ar&duefjynfaxmi fpkrSm t ckomoemjyKaewJh q&mawmf OD;oDvmeEmbd0HoygyJ/
ESr&i f;wpfa, mufvJ oDv&Si fjzpfygao;w, f/
q&mqdki fwdkUu olwdkUjrefrmrIt EkynmudkrsdK;dk;eJUwuGrwdrfaumat mi fvJ &Sdapcsi fw, f xi fyg&JU/
t azq&mci fu olUom;q&mqdki f? udkoufwi feJUudkboi fwdkUudkynmt arGay;w, f/ vufwGJvkyfw, f/
ynmydki f;qdki f&m&Sd&SdorQenf;eJUpepfwdkUudkt ydki f oi fjyay;t yfcJhw, f/
q&mqdki fu olUom;udkai GvdIi feJU udkjrwfoi f;wdkUudk ynmt arGay;cJhw, f/ om;rsm;u
ajr;rsm;udkvufwGJNyD; jrefrmrIawGrSm uRrf;usi fat mi fac:aqmi fvdkUaewmudk awGU&ygw, f/ bk&m;
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rudk#fawmf? xD;awmfvkyfMuwJhpHepfawG? xkydumwyfqi fwJhpepfawG jrefrmrIawGrSm t m;vHk; pepf
t wdt us&Sdygw, f/ ' gawG[ m jrefrm&, fvdkU &SdaeorQ &SdaeOD;r, fht wwfynmawGyg/ jrefrm
raysmufao;&i f ' DynmawGvnf; raysmufap&bl;aygh/ ' guvnf; rEav;vdkae&mrSmomynm&Si fawG
t qufqufu xdef;odrf;vkyfukdi faeMu&rSmaygh/
q&mqdki f&JUt az q&mci f&JU opfom;wefaqmi f;BuD; rEav;r[ mrkedbk&m;t a&SUaygufrSm
rkcfOD;jymom' ft jzpfeJU uaeUxdawGUjri f&ygao;w, f/ ppfrD;eJUdk;dk;rD;rsm; 0g;rsdKvdkU jrawmi f
a&Tausmi f;awmfBuD;wdkUvdk t aqmuft OD;MuD;awG Munfhp&mr&SdawmhwJht csdefrSm &Sm;yg;aeNyDjzpfwJh
r[ mrkedt a&SUrkcf uRef;om;jymom' fMuD;udk av;av;pm;pm;eJU *kwpdkuf rD;ab;uumuG, fxm;NyD;
aESmi f;vlawGMunfhp&mrsdK;usefat mi f apmi fha&Smufxm;&i f aumi f;avpGvdkUat mufarhrdygw, f/

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usufoa&&SdvSwJhvlom;

rEav;NrdKUrSm ' kwd, urmppfBuD;rjzpfci fu &SdcJhMuwJh olaX;awGudk olwdkUvSLcJhwJh
ukodkvfaumi f;rIawGaMumi fh rEav;NrdKUvlxku , aeUt xdrarhEdki fMuao;ovdk rEav;NrdKUuomru
jrefrmwpfEdki fi HvHk;urarhEdki fwJht rsdK;orD;wpfa, muft aMumi f;udkvJ a&;yg&apOD;/
' Dt rsdK;orD;uawmhausmi f;t rMuD;a' :OD;ZGef;yg/
a' :OD;ZGef;u rEav;NrdKUausmufaoG;wef;rSmaewJhydk;xnfukefonfyg/ olUrdbrsm;jzpfMuwJhOD;t d?
a' :rQi fwkdUu t r&yl&? rEav;eJU ppfudki f;uxGufwJhusm;0wf? r0wf ydk;vHkcsnfawGudk vufum;
jzefUjzL;a&mi f;csolawGjzpfygw, f/ olwdkUrSm om;orD;qdkvdkU rOD;ZGef;qdkwJh orD;av;wpfa, mufyJ
&Sdygw, f/ t Jh' Dawmh rEav;u t a&mi f;t 0, fpD;yGm;a&;orm;wdkUxHk;pHt wdki f; orD;av;udkvJ rdbeJY
vufa&wjyi fwnf;xm;NyD; ydk;xnft a&mi f;t 0, fvkyfi ef;xJrSmyJ t wlvkyfudki fa&mi f;0, fapw, f/
[ dkacwfuawmh jrefrmvlrsdK;awG&JU a, mufsm;0wf rdef;r0wfvHkcsnft aumi f;qdkwm ydk;vHkcsnfyJ
jzpfMuwmrdkUydk;vHkcsnfa&mi f;0, fwJhvkyfi ef;u MuD;ygw, f/ t xl;ojzi fht r&yl&? rEav;eJUppfudki f;u
xGufwJh ydk;xnfawGudk rEav;u A[ dkxm;NyD; jrefrmEkdi fi HwpfEdki fi HvHk;udk jzefUjzL;wmjzpfavawmh
ydk;ukefonfOD;t dwdkU? a' :rQi fwdkU t a&mi f;t 0, fu us, fus, fjyefUjyefU&SdcJhygw, f/ t Jh' Dt a&mi f;t 0, f
vkyfi ef;rSmyJ wpfOD;wnf;aomorD;uav; rOD;ZGef;uvJ rdbawGeJUt wl vmbfjri fjri f uRrf;uRrf;
usi fusi feJUt wlyg0i fGufaqmi fEdki folyg/
rOD;ZGef;udk (1230) ckESpfrSmarG;w, fqdkawmhri f;wkef;ri f;MuD;vufxufyJ &Sdao;wmaygh/ rOD;ZGef;
(17)ESpforD;rSmjrefrmri f;rsm;ygawmfrlw, f/ t Jh' dawmhrOD;ZGef;u olUrdb&JUydk;xnf t a&mi f;t 0, f
vkyfi ef;udk v, fv, f0, fMuD; vkyfaqmi fEdki faeNyD/ ' gaMumi fh rdbESpfyg;u orD;av;udk ykvJa&TO
arG;auR;jyKpkovdk bmoma&;udk av;pm;udki f;dIi f;olrsm;rdkU bmomw&m;rSmvnf; vkdavao;r&Sd
oGefoi fqHk;rMuw, f/ rdbESpfyg;&JU Adki f;aumi f;ausmufzd t qHk;t raMumi fhxi f&JU rOD;ZGef;u
t G, fa&mufvmayr, fht drfaxmi fbuf&SmazGwJhudprsdK;rSmpdwfr0i fpm;bJ? pD;yGm;a&;eJU&wemoHk;yg;udkyJ
olut mHkjyKw, f/ t xl;ojzi hf rdbESpfyg;udk vkyfauR;jyKpk&mrSm vkdavao;r&Sd jyKazmf&wJh
orD;av;jzpfvmw, f/
rOD;ZGef; t G, fvwfydki f;a&mufvmawmh ocFg&w&m;udk rvGefqefEdki fMuvdkU zci fMuD; OD;t du
t &i fuG, fvGeft edpa&mufw, f/ rat wpfckorD;wpfckt jzpfeJU t arrkqdk;rudkjyKpk&i f; wpfzufuvJ
ydk;xnfvkyfi ef;udkvkyfudki fvmwJht cgt arjzpfolygaoqHk;jyefygw, f/
t Jh' Dt csdefu rOD;ZGef;rSmrdbrsm;xm;&pfcJhwJhwdkufawG? v, fajrawGeJUt &i f;t ESD;awGt rsm;MuD;
vufxJusefcJhwmyg/ ' gaMumi fh olut ysdKMuD;ydk;ukefonfb0eJU t a&mi f;t 0, fudkawmh qufNyD;
vkyfaeusvkyfaewmyJ/ ' gayr, fh t &i fuvdk pD;yGm;yJ&Smae&wmudk raysmfydkufawmhbl;/ ' gaMumi fh
t ouf (30)&Sdawmh rdbrsm;udk;uG, foGm;wJh rEav;ywjrm;wdkufu ywjrm; q&mawmfMuD;udk
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wdkufausmi f;MuD;wpfaqmi faqmufNyD; vSLygw, f/ ' gaMumi fh t ouf (30)t G, feJU
ausmi f;t rMuD;a' :OD;ZGef;vdkUvlawGuac:a0:vmMuw, f/
a' :OD;ZGef;ausmi f;aqmufvSLwJh q&mawmfu ' kwd, a&Tusi fomoemydki fq&mawmf OD;Zm*&yg/
' Dywjrm;q&mawmfMuD;u a&Tusi fomoemydki fqdkayr, fh *dkP ff;*P rjyi f;xefygbl;/ NyD;awmh
yxra&Tusi fomoemydki fysHvGefawmfrlvdkU ywjrm;q&mawmfudk ' kwd, omoemydki ft jzpf wi fajrmuf
MuwJht cg q&mawmfuvufrcHygbl;/ t *r[ my@dw bGJUwHqdyfawmfudkvJ q&mawmfudkt pdk;&u
qufuyfxm;wmyg/
' Dq&mawmfMuD;udka' :OD;ZGef;&JUrdbrsm;u MunfndKw, f/ udk;uG, fw, f/ ' gaMumi fha' :OD;ZGef;u
vlvJocFg&ypnf;vJocFg&yJqdkNyD; wdkufausmi f;MuD;aqmufNyD; vSL' gef;wmyg/
t J' Dt vSLudkt pGJjyKNyD; uRefrwdkUrEav;u a' :OD;ZGef;udk ]]ausmi f;t rMuD;a' :OD;ZGef;}} vdkUyJ
ac:a0:Muw, f/
a' :OD;ZGef;[ m ' Dt vSLavmufeJU rwi f;wdrfao;bl;/ ' gaMumi fh ol ' djyi ft vSL bmrsm;
vSL&rvJqdkwmudk rjywfpOf;pm;rdw, f/ olUrSmydk;xnft a&mi f;t 0, fvkyfi ef;eJUvJ jrefrmEdki fi Hu
NrdKUMuD;awmfawmfrsm;rsm;udk0i fxGufoGm;vmqufqHae&awmh&efukefudka&mufwJht cga&mufw, f/
&efukefudka&mufwJht cga' :OD;ZGef;u vlt dkHkudkoGm;NyD; t vSLai Grsm;xnfhw, f/ olu rdbESpfyg;udk
i , fuwnf;u vkyfauR;vmcJholjzpfavawmh olUrdbmawGr&SdwJht cg rdbt &G, f vlt dkri f;awGt ay:
pdwfvJ0i fpm;w, f/ olwdkUb0awGudk olUrdbawGeJUEdIi f;, SOfNyD; Mui femoem;rIvJ &Sdw, f/ ' gaMumi fh
&efukefrSmzGi fhxm;wJhvlt dkHkudkolu &efukefa&mufwdki f; t csdef&&i foGm;vSLw, f/
&efukefrSmu b&i f*sDomemuaeNyD; uefawmfuav;rSm qi f;&JEGrf;yg;&SmMuwJh vlt dkrsm;t wGuf
cdkudk;p&maet drfqdkNyD; LITTLE SISTERS OF THE POOR vdkUac:wJh b&i f*sDoDv&Si fawGu
vlt dkHkwpfck zGi fhvSpfxm;ygw, f/ bkef;awmfMuD; cygvft rfbdkUpfbD*ef' wf&JUvufxufrSm (1920)
ckESpfu pNyD;zGi fhvSpfcJhygw, f/
' Dvlt dkHk[ m(1920)ckESpfu pzGi fhwkef;uawmhvlt kd(50)om0i fa&mufcdkvIHEdki fzdkUvdkU&nf&G, fNyD;
vufcHcJhwmjzpfayr, fhaevdkolawGursm;vmvdkUwjznf;jznf;eJUt vSLcHvdkU&&i f &oavmuf wdk;csJUNyD;
vufcHay;vm&wmuvm;/
' gudk a' :OD;ZGef;u ola&mufwJht cgwdki f; awGUjri fae&w, fav/ jyi fopfoDv&Si fawGu
t bdk;t dkt bGm;t dkawGudk auR;arG;jyKpkapmi fha&Smuf&i f; bk&i f*sDomoemxGef;vi f;at mi f MudK;pm;
vkyfaqmi faeMuwmudkvJ awGUjri fae&wmuvm;/ t Jh' dawmha' :OD;ZGef;pdwfxJrSmAk' bmomvlt dkHkwpfck
' gvdkrsdK;t vm;wlzGi fhvSpfNyD; cdkudk;&mrJh vlt dkvlri f;awGudk auR;arG;jyKpkEdki f&i f b, favmufrsm;
aumi f;rvJvdkUawG;rd?o' gw&m;jzpfrd?pdwful;rdvmawmhw, f/
' gaMumi fholrEav;jyefa&mufwJht cg oleJUci fri f&m? &i f;ESD;&m? uRrf;0i f&mrsm;eJUwdki fyi fw, f/
NyD;awmh ri f;uGef;bufudkul;NyD; olUpdwful;udk t aumi ft xnfazmfzdkU &i f;ESD;wJh q&m' umawGeJU
wkdi fyi fMunfhygw, f/ ri f;uGef;u t &d, r*i facsmi fq&mawmfMuD;eJUvlt rnf a' :at ;csdK? oDv&Si fbGJU
a' :Owrpm&DwdkYu a' :OD;ZGef;udkt m;ay;t m;ajrmufjyKMujyD; wwfEdki fwJht ult nDawG0dki f;ay;Muw, f/
' gaMumi fh a' :OD;ZGef;u jrefrmEdki fi HrSm yxrqHk; Ak' bmomvlt dkHkjzpfwJh ri f;uGef;Ak' bmom
vlt dkHkudk(1276)ckjymodkvjynfhausmf (12) &uf (11.1.15) aeYrSmpwi fzGi fhvSpfEdki fcJhygw, f/
pzGi fhawmhvlt dkHku t rsdK;om;MuD; t ouff (95) ESpf&SdkwJhbdk;qi fh? t rsdK;orD;MuD; t ouf (98)
ESpf&SdwJh bGm;pdk;? t ouf (85) ESpft &G, f&SdwJh bGm;r, fqdkwJh oHk;a, mufeJY xef;vufwJaqmufjyD;
pwmyJ/ ' Dt bdk;t bGm; oHk;a, mufudka' :OD;ZGef;eJYolYwynfUrwpfa, mufwdkYuyJ csufjyKwfauR;w, f/
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t dyf, mt dyfci f; ci f;usi f;ay;w, f/ t 0wft xnfavQmfzGwfay;w, f/ oDv&Si fMuD;a' :at ;csdK&JU om;
OD;b*srf;u xi f;cGJa&cyfay;w, f/ t Jh' DyHkpHeJYpwi fcJhygw, f/
a' :OD;ZGef;u ' Dvlt dkawGt wGuf cdkudk;p&m y&[ dwt vkyfudk pvkyfvmrdawmh olUpD;yGm;a&;udk
olupdwfr0i fpm;awmhbl;/
vlqdkwmu aexGufcsdef&Sdovdk? b0ae0i fcsdefvnf; &SdpNrJ r[ kwfvm;/ ' Dvkd&Sd&mrSmukodkvf
aumi f;vSw, fqdkwJh vlenf;pkav;rSt y? t dkri f;vmolwkdi f; rvGJraoG&i fqdki f&wJh t dkemudk wcsdKUu
om;axmuforD;cH&SdvdkU enf;enf;yg;yg; oufoufomom&i fqdki f&w, f/ om;axmuforD;cHvJ r&Sd?
ai GaMu;OpmvJr&Sdqdk&i f raobJeJUi &Jusaeovdk t dkjci f;qi f;&JeJUt wl i wfrGwfjci f;qi f;&J? emjci f;
qi f;&Judkyg wGJcHMu&wmyg/ t J' Db0rsdK;rSmqdk&i f vlvdkUomqdk&w, f? vlt csi f;csi f;uawmi f
t uyfrcHwJhb0rsdK;rdkUa' :OD;ZGef;vdkarwm&Si fapwem&Si frsdK;uomrulnDrapmi fr&i f owfaocsi fp&m
aumi f;avmufat mi f ' kursdK;pHkeJUBuHKawGU&wwfwmyg/
a' :OD;ZGef;u olUrdbeJU oludk, fwdki f&SmazGpkaqmi f;vmcJhwJh? wdkufav;vHk;? ai Gom;
wpfodef;ausmfeJU v, fajrawGt m;vHk;udk vlt dkHkt wGuf &uf&ufa&ma&mBuD; pGefUvSLvdkufygw, f/
vlt dkHkudkvJ olwpfOD;wnf;pm;&dwfeJU av;ESpfwdki fwdki f axmufyHhvm&mu t oi f;t yi f;zGJUpnf;NyD;
apwem&Si farwm&Si f ukodkvf&Si frsm;&JUt vSLai Gudk(1280) ckESpfrSmpwi fvufcHvmygw, f/
a' :OD;ZGef;&JU Ak' bmomvlt dkHku vlqi f;&Jvlt dkrsm;&JU t m;udk;&muGef;cdk&m bHkedAmeft jzpfeJU
wpfaeUwjcm; BuD;yGm;us, fjyefUvmygw, f/
' gaMumi fh a' :OD;ZGef;u ri f;uGef;rSmomruawmhbJ (1289) ckESpfa&mufawmh oxHk
jroydwfawmi fajcrSmvlt dkHkwpfHk?aemufwpfESpf (1290) rSmaygi f;wnfNrdKUrSmwpfHkzGi fhvSpfygw, f/
' kwd, urmppfMuD;NyD;wJhaemuf z.q.y.v t pdk;& vufxufa&mufawmhrS ckvuf&SdukudKi f;eJU
urmat ;vrf;axmi fhudk ajymi f;a&TUvmwmyg/ t J' Dae&mopfrSmvJ rlvemrnfrysuf ESi f;qDukef;
vlt dkHkvdkUyJ ac:wGi fygw, f/ a' :OD;ZGef;u (1299) ckESpfa&mufawmh yckuLrSmvJ Ak' bmom
vlt dkHkwpfHkzGi fhvSpfygw, f/
jrefrmbk&i fygawmfrloGm;wJht cg c&pf, mefomoemjyKawGu c&pf, mefomoemjyefUyGm;a&;t wGuf
enf;rsdK;pHkeJUvkyfaqmi fvmMu&mrSm c&pfp, mefomoemNyK t *Fvdyf pmoi fausmi f;awGaxmi fovdk?
Ak' omoemjyKausmi f;wpfausmi f; rEav;NrdKUrSm ' udP m0Hwdkufu ]]bdwfbkef;MuD;}} vdkUac:wJh
q&mawmfbk&m;OD;eEu bDwDt i f - Ak' omoemhEk*[ ausmi f;qdkwmudk(1900) jynfhESpfrSmpwi f
zGi fhvSpfEdki fcJhygw, f/ t Jh' Dausmi f;&JU yxrqHk;ausmi f;t kyfMuD;u umwGef;azodef;&JU bMuD; azyk&Sdef
OD;xGef;&Sdefjzpfygw, f/
jrefrmEdki fi HrSmyxrqHk; Ak' bmomvlt dkHkudkawmha' :OD;ZGef;u (1915) ckESpf Zefe0g&Dv (11)
&ufaeUrSmzGi fhvSpfEdki fcJhygw, f/
vlt dkHkqdkwmudk jrefrmri f;rsm;vufxuf? t xl;ojzi fhf ri f;wkef;ri f;w&m;MuD;vufxufrSm
rEav;NrdKUav;jyi fav;&yf vlt dkawGcdkudk;aeEdki fzdkUt wGuf bk&i fhpm;&dwfeJUt rsm;MuD; zGi fhvSpfcJhygw, f/
t Jh' Dacwfu ]]olt dkHk}} vdkUac:wmyg/ a' :OD;ZGef;wdkUacwfa&mufawmh]]vlt dkHk}} vdkUac:wGi fvmygw, f/
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ac:cJhMuao;orIwfvm;/ a[ maemufawmh wpfcg ]]awmi folOD;MuD;rsm;}} wJh/ b, fawmhb, fvdk
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ajymi f;vJOD;r, frodygbl;/ bmompum;rSm t ouf&Sdw, f/ rjywfwef; wdk;yGm;ajymi f;vJaewmyJ/
' golU"rwm/
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vl0wfaMumi fudkpGefUNyD; oDv&Si f b0udkajymi f;w, f/ a' :OD;ZGef;&JUbGJUu a' :okrmvmjzpfygw, f/
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t bdk;t dkt bGm;t dk(250) cdkvIHwJhae&mjzpfaeNyD/
' kwd, urmppfrD;MuD;avmi fNrdKufawmhri f;uGef;vlt dkHkydki ft qmuft OD;wcsdKUysufpD;w, f/ vlt dkHkudk
rEav;uvma&mufvSL' gef;wJh t vSL&Si fawGudk edAmeful;wdkUydkUay;aewJh t zGJUydki f vl (100)pD;
armfawmfMuD;udk *syefawGu odrf;, lw, f/ vlt dkHkydki ft i f*si frD;pufMuD;udkvnf; *syefawGu
odrf;, loGm;w, f/
a' :OD;ZGef;ac:wJhoDv&Si fMuD;a' :okrmvm[ mt J' Dt ed| mHkawGudk awGUjri fae&NyD; t ouf (76)
ESpft &G, f (1306) ck (1944 ckESpf) ppft wGi f;rSmyJ ri f;uGef;rSmuG, fvGeft edpa&muf&Smygw, f/
a' :OD;ZGef;udkri f;uGef;rSmyJ aumi f;pGm*loGi f;oN*FdK[ fxm;ygw, f/
Ak' bmomvlt dkHkMuD;udkolpkaqmi f;&SmazGxm;&SdorQai GaMu;rsm;udkt ukeft pi f xnfh0i fvSL' gef;cJhNyD;
t oufxufqHk; vlt dkvlri f;rsm;udk t rsdK;bmomra&G; vkyfauR;jyKpkoGm;wJht mZmenf t rsdK;orD;MuD;
a' :OD;ZGef; uG, fvGeft edpa&mufoGm;wmt ckqdk&i f (48)ESpf&SdNyDaygh/ ' gayr, fholwnfaxmi foGm;cJhwJh
vlt dkHkMuD;awGuawmh qufvuf&Si foefvsufyJrdkU (1990)jynfhESpf ' DZi fbmvt wGi f;u
ri f;uGef;Ak' bmomvlt dkHkMuD;u oufwrf; (75)ESpfjynfUwJh pdef&wkyGJ qi fETJcJhygw, f/
qufvufvdkUvnf; ESpfaygi f;rsm;pGmwnfwefUaeOD;rSmjzpfygw, f/
vlom;wpfa, muf&, fvdkU vlwdkUabmi frSmjzpfvmwJht cg ' Dvludkt aMumi f;jyKNyD; vlaygi f;rsm;pGm
qi f;&J' kua&mufMu&w, fqdkwJh vlrsdK;rsm; ' DvlUabmi favmurSm wpfcgwpfcg ay:aygufwwfovdk
' Dvlom;wpfa, muf&JU udk, fusdK;pGefUvTwfrI? t epfemcHrI? arwmapwem MuD;rm;rIwdkUaMumi fh
vlom;aygi f;rsm;pGmudk, fpdwfcsrf;omrI&wwfwmvJ &Sdygw, f/
a' :OD;ZGef;vdkt rsdK;orD;rsm; ay:aygufvmawmh wdki f;wmvdkUr&wJh udk, fpdwfcsrf;omrIrsdK;
vlom;aygi f;rsm;pGmcHpm;Mu&wJht wGuf usufoa&&SdvSwJhvlom;? wpfrsdK;om;vHk;&JU *kP fudkaqmi fwJh
vlom;yguvm;vkdUt MudrfMudrfom"kac:rdMu&ygw, f/

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Gufykef;oD; olawmfpi fBuD;

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pi fpi fMu, fMu, feJU&uf&ufa&ma&mvSL' gef;oGm;cJhMuw, f/ ' gaMumi fholwdkUvdkyk*dKvfawGudkjrefrmawGu
rarhEdki fbl;qdkNyD; rEav;u vlod&Si fMum; olaX;t vSL&Si fMuD;awGt aMumi f;awG uRefra&;cJhygw, f/
jrefrmhusufoa&aqmi f ausmi f;t rMuD; a' :OD;ZGef;vdkyk*dKvfrsdK;t aMumi f;vnf; a&;cJhygw, f/ yljyi f;wJh
rEav;rSm opfyi fMuD; (500) ausmfudk udk, fwkdi fa&avmi f;pdkufNyD; at ;jrwJh t &dyft m0go
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' Dyk*dKvfMuD;t aMumi f;uawmh uRefrckvdkra&;&i f ' DvdkyJ arharhaysmufaysmuf jzpfoGm;rSmyg/
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Page 83
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jzpfavawmhvlodenf;vSygw, f/ rEav;awmi fajcu bkd;bGm;&dyfomqdk&i f OD;ausmfvS&JUvHkYvya, m*?
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OD;ausmfvSu rEav;rSmvnf; ri f;uGef;Ak' bmomvlt dkHkvdkvlt dkHkwpfck&Sdapcsi fw, f/ vlt dkvlri f;
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15-4-67
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qi f;&Jom;awGt zdkUb, fvdkvdkt yfwmuvm; vdkUajymvdkuf? Ak' w&m;awmf b, fvdknDnGwfwmuvm;eJU
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OD;ausmfvS t edpa&mufNyD; 6 ESpft MumrSm rD;puf[ m rEav;NrdKUu cHukef;ok mefrSm
wyfqi fvdkUNyD;ygw, f/ t Jh' DrSmurnf;xdk;wmu ]]t om;pm;a&Smi fMuOfa&; OD;ausmfvSt m; &nfrSef;
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aus;Zl;rsm;aeygw, f/ wpfvwpfv t Mudrfav;i g;&mxufrenf; &Gufaqmi fay;&ygowJh/ oN*K[ f
p&dwfuvnf; ai G100 usyfeJUcsvefoGi f;c 10 usyfqdkawmhp&dwfrMuD;vSbl;vdkUqdk&rSmaygh/
wdki f;aumi fpDOuX AdkvfrSL;MuD;OD;wi fvSu rD;oN*K[ fpufvSLzdkUwjcm;vlawGudk t vSLcHawmh
rxnfh0i fcsi fMubl;/ OD;ausmfvSuom' DapwemrsdK;xm;wmvdkUajymzl;ygw, f/
OD;ausmfvS&JUapwemu wu, fjzLpi favawmh t em*wfudkMudKjri fovdk&SdwJh odolawGu
om"krac:bJ raeEdki fMubl;/
OD;ausmfvSudk aysmfbG, fNrdKUe, f &efaemi faus;&GmrSmOD;a&Tarmi f;eJUa' :ref;&dyfwdkUu ygawmfrlNyD;
ESpfESpf 1249 ckrSmarG;cJhw, f/ arG;csi f;av;a, muf&Sdygw, f/ OD;ausmfaZ, s? OD;ausmfvS? a' :at ;csdKeJU
a' :ukvm;yg/ a' :ukvm;udk]]ukvm;wufawmh}} (t *Fvdyf t 0i fudka&S;uac:wJha0g[ m&) arG;vdkU
a' :ukvm;vdkUrSnfhwmygwJh/
OD;ausmfvSu rEav;u at . bD . t rf a, mufsm;av;ausmi f;rSmckepfwef;t xd
ausmi f;aew, f/ q&mMuD;a&TOa' gi f;eJUvJ ausmi f;aezufyg/ ckepfwef;at mi fawmh opfawmXmerSm
pma&;MuD;0i fvkyfw, f/ aemuf pwD;b&m;om;rSmHk;t kyfpma&;MuD;0i fvkyfw, f/
pwD;rSm OD;ausmfvS&JUvpmu wpfvoHk;&musyfqdkawmh t J' Dacwfu OD;ausmfvSwdkUt aeeJU
oHk;vdkUrukefwJhvpmrsdK;&wmyg/ ' dt jyi f OD;ausmfvSu ]armfvjrdKi frSm 0kdi ft rfbDat uGefz&i fhMuD;
usi f;yt NyD; rEav;jyefvmMuwJhESpf (1981 ck) upNyD; oufowfvGwfpm;wmyg}wJh/
oufowfvGwfpm;vdkUai GawGpkaqmi f;rdw, fvdkUawmhvJ rqdkvkdygbl;/ OD;ausmfvSudkvlqef;MuD;vdkU
orkwf&mrSm pnfurf;MuD;rI? ypnf;udkdkdkaoao udki fwG, foHk;pGJrI? bmrqdk t v[ rjzpfap&bJ
pepfwus&Sdap&r, fqdkwmawGrSmOD;ausmfvSu vlwumvufzsm;cg&olyg/
oluzdeyfudk&SyfwdkufpD;&i f rpD;oi fhwJht aMumi f; aumi f;aumi f;w&m;a[ mygw, f/
oludk, fwdki fvnf; zdeyfudkt MumMuD;cHat mi f pD;ygw, f/
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ola&csdK;wJht cga&0wfcsdK;zdkU rmvusi fac:wJh ydwfpaygaygwpfpudk 0, fay;xm;&ygw, f/
vHkcsi fa[ mi f;udk a&vJt jzpf0wfNyD;rcsdK;ygbl;/ t J' DydwfpuveHudk t NrJ0wfcsdK;NyD; ae&dyfxJrSm
vSef;xm;&ygw, f/ OD;ausmfvS&JUpepfu t aoG;t a&mi f&SdwJh t uFsDvHkcsnfudk avQmfzGyfwJht cg
t a&mi fvGi fhrSmpdk;vdkU aeylrSmrvSef;&ygbl;/ t m;vHk;ae&dyfxJrSmvSef;xm;&wmyg/ vHkcsnfudkvnf;
a&0wfrcsdK;&bl;/ ' golUpepf/
OD;ausmfvSHk;oGm;Hk;jyefpD;zdkU &mav;pufbD;wpfpD; 0, fxm;ygw, f/ Hk;ua*g0defrSm t drfu
ajrmufbHkbdki fwef;rSm/ OD;ausmfvS&JUpufbD;udk jri fHkeJUodygw, f/ umuDpxlxleJU pufbD;uukef;udkvJ
zHk;xm;w, f/ abmi feJUavxdk;wHwyfwJhwdki f;udkvJ umuDpeJU ywfcsKyfxm;ygw, f/ Hk;t a&muf?
' grSr[ kwf t drft a&mufrSm olrsm;vdk b&dwft kyfNyD; rqi f;ygbl;/ yGef;rSmpdk;vdkU?
t a0;MuD;ut &SdefavQmhpD;vmNyD; a&mufawmh pufbD;ay:u ckefcsygw, f/ t drfjyefa&mufa&mufcsi f;
wynfUwpfa, mufu bD;udkzkefokwf avavQmhNyD; opfom;wef;rSm csdwfxm;&ygw, f/
reuft vkyfoGm;cgeD;awmh avxyfxdk;ay;vdkuf&ygw, f/ olUbD;u wm, mawGuRwfawG[ m
t vum;ae&i f; remap&bl;wJh/
olUvcawGu ydkwmawGudk olupkw, f/ pkNyD;a&mi f;csi fwJht drfuav;udk [ dkem;wpfvHk;
' Dem;wpfvHk; 0, fxm;w, f/ NyD;awmht drfi Sm;r, fhvl&Sd&i f i Sm;xmw, f/ olUt drfut rsdK;orD;udk
t drfpm;&dwft jzpfeJU wpfcg qefwpft dwfeJU qDwpfyHk;yJ olu axmufw, fwJh/ qefu
oHk;wi f;av;jynfygwpft dwfudk q, fhwpfusyf&SpfyJ? qDu t csdefq, fyd mudki g;usyf&SpfyJ?
yHk;cGefjyefa&mi f;pm;awmhwpfusyf&ao;w, f/ aps;zdk;eJUwjcm;t oHk;p&dwfudkt drfvc&wmu oHk;MuvdkU
olupDpOfowJh/ olUvcudk ajr0, f t drf0, fw, f/ NyD;awmh oufoufvGwfpm;MuzdkU t om;pm;
a&Smi fMuOfa&; 0g' jzefUcsda&;rSm oHk;w, f/ oDt dkqdkzDt oi f;awGt wGufvJ oHk;w, f/ t *Fvef
Ak' bmomt oi f;t wGufvJ oHk;pGJvSL' gef;ygw, f/
OD;ausmfvS 0, f, lpkaqmi f;oGm;wJh t drfawG t vHk;ESpfq, fvm;? oHk;q, fvm;? i g;q, fvm;
ZeD;onfuawmi f pkHaphat mi frodygbl;/ OD;ausmfvSu ' Dt drfawGajrawGudk pmoi fausmi f;awG
aq;HkawGudkvJ vSLygw, f/ w&m;Z&yfawGaqmufzdkUvJ vSLygw, f/
rEav;u pufrIt xufwef;ausmi f; aqmufxm;wJhajr[ mOD;ausmfvS&JUajryg/ rEav; vrf;
80ay:u 31vrf;eJU 32vrf;Mum;u t rSwf 14ausmi f; aqmufxm;wJhajr[ mOD;ausmfvSt vSLyg/
rEav;jynfolUaq;HkMuD;ajrmufbufu oHk;q, f0i f;MuD;[ mvJ OD;ausmfvS&JU 0i f;BuD;? aq;HkMuD;udk
vSLxm;wmyg/ 81vrf;eJU 32vrf;axmi fhu w&m;Z&yfBuD;[ mvnf; OD;ausmfvS vSLcJhwmyg/
wjcm;bmawG &Sdao;ovJ pHkaphat mi f rajymEdki fygbl;/ olub, folUrS bmrSajymraebJ
olUzmomBudwfNyD; t rnfrcHbJ vSLaeolrdkUyg/
rEav;NrdKUwGi f;ajy;qGJaewJh um;jymt oi f;&Sdygw, f/ t Jh' Dt oi f;xJ OD;ausmfvS
t pkxnfU0i fxm;wmrdkU um;jymvkdi f;u OD;ausmfvSb, fudkoGm;oGm; t crJhpD;ei f;cGi fhjyKxm;ygw, f/
' gayr, fh udk, fydki fum; 0, fpD;Edki favmufat mi f ydkufqH&Sdyg&JUeJU OD;ausmfvSu pufbD;pD;vdkU
raumi f;wJht &G, frSm rEav; wpfNrdKUvHk;udk ajcvsi foGm;ygw, f/ rEav;vrf;ab;u
yvufazmi f;awGay:rSm csnfvHkcsnft jzLuGufeJU ouvyf wdkufyHk&i fzHk;udk0wfNyD;? umuD
azghOD;xkyfuav;aqmi f;vsuf umuDvG, ft dwfvG, fNyD; ajcvsi foGm;aewJh t zdk;MuD;wpfa, mufudk
olrqHk;ci fuawmh NrdKUvlxkujri fawGUaeMuwmyg/ olu yi fpi f, lNyD;aemufydki f; bHkbdki fwef;rSm
raeawmhbJ pDADvdki f;udkajymi f;a&TUaeygw, f/
Page 86
olUrSmt om;a&Smi fMuOfa&;udp? vef' efAk' bmomt oi f;udp? oDt dkqdkzDt oi f;udpawGt wGuf
aeUwdki f; NrdKUv, fbufudk ajcvsi fvmaewmyJ/ t J' gudpawGNyD;vdkU t drfudkjyefvm&i f t drfr0i fci f
cyfa0;a0;uwnf;u ]]ESra&}} vdkUolu olUrdef;rudk at mfac:vmw, f/ ]]t J' g cspfvdkUac:w, frsm;
rxi feJU? olt drft 0i frSm a&wpfcGufqD;wdkufzdkU? olUajcaxmufu zHkudkcgzdkU t 0wfpkwf
jzLjzLpi fpi fwpfxnf , lvmzdkU ac:wm}} vdkUZeD;onfa' :a' :a&Tu ajymjyygw, f/ ol t jyi f
xGufawmhr, fqdk&i f vufudki fy0geJUt dwfaqmi fem&DxnfUay;&owJh/
OD;ausmfvSu a' :t Hk;eJUyxrt drfaxmi fjyKygw, f/ udkjrat mi fqdkwJh om;wpfa, muf arG;ygw, f/
t Jh' Dom; udkjrat mi fu orD; a' :, Of, OfudkarG;w, f/ arNrdKUppfwuodkvf yx0Duxdu (ckawmh
t Ni drf;pm;) [ m OD;ausmfvS&JUajr;yg/ ZeD;a' :t Hk; aoqHk;wJht cg a' :t Hk;&JUnDr
a' :a&TeJUvufqufygw, f/ t J' Dawmha' :a&Tt ouf 34 ESpf? OD;ausmfvSt ouf 48 ESpft &G, frSmyg/
OD;ausmfvSu olU' kwd, ZeD;eJUyxrqHk;c&D;t jzpf t dEd, jynf uvi fyHkNrdKUudkoGm;ygw, f/ OD;ausmfvSu
oDaygri f;&JU ' kwd, orD;awmf&JU Mui f, mawmfvwfoci feJUvJ ci faewmudk;/ OD;ausmfvS
t drfaxmi fysufw, fMum;vdkU vwfoci fu pdwfajyvufaysmuf uvi fyHkukdvmzdkUac:wm/ OD;ausmfvSu
wpfa, mufwnf;r[ kwfbJ ESpfa, mufoGm;awmh ' kwd, orD;awmfu &, fp&majymao;owJh/
OD;ausmfvSwdkUudk vwfoci feJU Mui f, mawmfwdkUu aumi f;aumi f;rGefrGef jyKpk{nfhcHygw, f/ NyD;awmh
umvuwm;a&mufwJht cg vwfoci fwdkUudk t aMumi f;rMum;bJ OD;ausmfvSu wupDwpfpD;udk
ai G&Spfq, fusyfay;i Sm;NyD; uvi fyHkt a&muf vmMuwmudkvnf; qD;NyD;t jypfwi fowJh/ olwdkUqDrSm
ai Gi g;yJxJeJUawmi f vlowf, lwmrsdK;&Sdw, f/ vmBudKrSmayghvdkUajymygw, f/
uvi fyHkrSm vwfoci fu [ dr0Emawmi fMuD;&JU emrnfausmf MunfUoi fhMunfUxdkufwm
jri foi fhjri fxdkfufwmawGudkjyoygowJh/ uqkefvjynfUaeUrSmawmhuvi fyHkuaeNyD; t aemufajrmufxJudk
vSrf;arQmfMunfh&wJhae&mwpfae&mudkjyw, f/ t J' Dawmi fxGwfwpfae&m[ m t vGefoefUpi frGefjrwfwJh
ae&mjzpfw, f/ uqkefvjynfUaeUwdki f; yGi fhawmfrlMuNyD;aom bk&m;t qlql ]]Ak' awG}} <ua&muf
pnf;a0;awmfrlMuw, f/ ' Dae&mudk ewfawGvJvmNyD; ewfobi fpnf;a0;vkyfw, f/ ' gaMumi fh
uqkefvjynfUaeUwdki f; ' Dae&mudkrSef;NyD; Ak' udkylaZmfygvdkUajymowJh/
OD;ausmfvS[ m t ouf 88ESpft &G, frSm 1975 ckESpfu qHk;&Smygw, f/ uqkefvjynfU
t zdwfaeUrSmqHk;wmrdkU qHk;umeD; olUZeD;a' :a&Tudk ]]wdkUuvi fyHkoGm;wkef;u Ak' awG
pnf;a0;awmfrlMuwJhae&mudkri f;jri fcJhw, f[ kwfvm;? t J' gudkt mHkeJUrSef;NyD; vjynfUaeUrSmbk&m;ylaZmfyg}}
vdkUrSmao;owJh/ NyD;awmhaAmZi fokwfudkem&i f; 0dnmOfcsKyfw, fvdkUajymygw, f/
OD;ausmfvSu oufowfvGwfpm;wmudk wu, f, Hk, HkMunfMunfMuD; pm;wmjzpfNyD;?
olUpGrf;t m;&SdorQvnf; pnf;Hk;cJh 0g' jzefUcJhygw, f/ OykofaeUeJU vjynfUvuG, faeUawGrSma*:&i f*sD
ukvm;av;awGu t om;pm;a&Smi fMuzdkU bmompHkeJU qdki f;bkwfawGudki faqmi fNyD; wpfNrdKUvHk;
vSnfUaeapwmawGvnf; rSwfrdygw, f/
OD;ausmfvSaeraumi f;awmh olUt aru oufowfvGwfMuD;pm;aewm t m;r&SdvdkU
aeraumi f;aewmyJqdkNyD; qefjyKwft dk;xJudk ykZGefajcmufrIefU t 0wfeJUxkwfNyD; xnfUowJh/ Muufom;
t 0wfeJUxkwfwnfUw, f/ OD;ausmfvSu t eHU&vdkUodNyD; raomufbJ t opfjyKwfcdki f;owJh/ aemufydki f;rSm
avOMuufOudkawmhpm;ygw, f/
OD;ausmfvSuG, fvGefawmh a' :a' :a&Tu t ouf 74ESpft &G, f&SdaeygNyD/ olUrSm
orD;av;wpfa, mufarG;cJhzl;ayr, fht cgvnfeJUaozl;cJhawmhrkqdk;rb0rSmom;axmuforD;cHr&Sdygbl;/
t Jh' Dt jzpfeJUolZeD;udkcsefxm;cJh&mrSmOD;ausmfvS&JUrSmMum;csufu ]]r, fa&Twpfa, mufwnf; rae&pfeJU/
Page 87
Page 88
' Dt drfudka&mi f;NyD; oi fh&mudkvSL? NyD;awmhbdk;bGm;&dyfomrSmjzpfjzpf? bkef;BuD;ausmi f;rSmjzpfjzpfoGm;ae}}vdkU
rSmoGm;wmyg/ ' gaMumi fha' :a&Tu pDADvdki f;u olwdkUorD;ci fyGef;aewJht drfeJUNcHudkvJa&mi f;ygw, f/
a&mi f;NyD;ai Gwpfodef;ESpfaomi f;t eufu wpfodef;udk bdk;bGm;&dyfomrSm xyfvSLygw, f/
rD;oN*FKd[ fpuf0, fzdkU r*Fvmaps;uwdkufudk a&mi f;wJht cg wpfodef;ckepfaomi f;&w, f/ rD;pufudk
wpfodef;? qGHUt em;rMum;udk ckepfaomi f; a' :a&Tu vSLvdkufygw, f/ oluawmh
0dZdwmHkausmi f;wdkufBuD;xJu 0dZdwmHk q&mawmf OD;0dpm&dEm (t *r[ my@w)
ac:, lapmi fha&Smufxm;vdkU ESpft awmfMum ausmi f;xJ aeygao;w, f/ aemufawmhrS wlr pkpkeJU
udkoef;xdkufwdkUu olwdkUwdkufrSmac:, lNyKpkxm;vdkUckawmh0g;wef;u wl - wlrrsm;wdkufrSmaeygw, f/
t ouf(91) ESpf &SdygNyD/ usef;rmqJyg/
OD;ausmfvSu pwD;b&m;om;rSm ESpfaygi f;rsm;pGmt vkyfvkyfcJh&mrSm t vkyfysufw, f&, fvdkU
wpfBudrfwpfcgrS r&SdcJhbl;wJht wGuf xl;jcm;wJht rIxrf;t aeeJU pwD;ucsD;usL;*kP fjyKyg&ap/
*kP fjyKqkzvm;rsm;csD;jri fhyg&apvdkU ajymvmawmh OD;ausmfvSu rvdkygbl;vdkU ji i f;qefwmaMumi fh
pwD;uolUudkai GoHk;aomi f; qkt jzpfay;ygowJh/
ckaersm; OD;ausmfvSt oufxi f&Sm;&Sdao;vdkUuRefrOD;ausmfvSt aMumi f;udka&;aew, fvdkUajym&i f
]]Thank you. Thank you}} ' gayr, fh rvdkygbl;? onf;cHyg? onf;cHyg}} vdkUawmi f;yefNyD;
a&;cGi fhrjyKbJaerSmudkMum;a, mi fygao;w, f/ wu, fuawmhOD;ausmfvSt aMumi f;awGu a&;r, fqdk&i f
t rsm;BuD;usefygao;w, f/
OD;ausmfvSuRefrudkcGi fhvTwfyg&Si fh- /

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