SYLLABUS FOR 2011 BAR EXAMINATIONS

LABOR LAW


A. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES AND POLICIES

1. Constitutional Provisions
a. Art II, Secs. 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 18, 20.
b. Art III, Secs. 1, 4, 8.
c. Art. XIII, Secs. 1, 2, 3, 14.

2. New Civil Code
a. Article 1700
3. Labor Code
a. Article 3
b. Article 211
c. Article 212
d. Article 255

B. RECRUITMENT AND PLACEMENT

1 1. . R Re ec cr ru ui it tm me en nt t o of f L Lo oc ca al l a an nd d M Mi ig gr ra an nt t W Wo or rk ke er rs s
a. Recruitment and placement; defined
b. Illegal Recruitment, Art. 38 (Local), Sec. 6, Migrant
Workers Act, RA 8042
(a) License vs. Authority
(b) Essential elements of illegal recruitment
(c) Simple illegal recruitment
(d) Illegal recruitment in large scale
(e) Illegal recruitment as economic sabotage
(f) Illegal Recruitment vs. Estafa
(g) Liabilities
(a) local employment agency
(b) foreign employer
i. Theory of imputed knowledge

(h) Pretermination of contract of migrant worker

c. Direct hiring

2. R Re eg gu ul la at ti io on n a an nd d E En nf fo or rc ce em me en nt t
a. Remittance of foreign exchange earnings
b. Prohibited activities
c. Regulatory and visitorial powers of the Labor Secretary


d. Penalties for illegal recruitment

C. LABOR STANDARDS

1 1. . H Ho ou ur rs s o of f W Wo or rk k
a. Coverage/Exclusions
b. Normal Hours of Work
(a) Exceptions
(a) Health Personnel
(b) Compressed Work Week

d. Work interruption due to brownouts
e. Meal Break
f. Idle time, waiting time, commuting time, travel
time, whether part of hours of work or not
g. Overtime work
(a) Undertime not offset by overtime
(b) Waiver of overtime pay

h. Night Work
i. CBA provision vis--vis overtime work

2. W Wa ag ge es s
a. No work no pay principle
b. Coverage/Exclusions
c. Facilities vs supplements
d. Wages vs. salaries
e. Wage distortion
f. CBA vis--vis Wage Orders CBA creditability
g. Non-diminution of benefits
h. Workers preference in case of bankruptcy
i. Labor Code provisions for wage protection
j. Allowable deductions without employees consent
k. Attorneys fees and union service fee in labor cases
l. Criteria/Factors for Wage Setting

3. R Re es st t D Da ay y
a. Right to weekly rest day
b. Preference of the employee
c. When work on rest day authorized

4. H Ho ol li id da ay ys s
a. Right to holiday pay
(1) In case of absences
(2) In case of temporary cessation of work


(3) Of teachers, piece workers, seafarers,
seasonal workers, etc.

b. Exclusions from coverage

5. L Le ea av ve es s
a. Service Incentive Leave Pay
(1) Right to service incentive leave
(2) Exclusions from coverage
(3) Commutable nature of benefit

b. Maternity Leave
(1) Coverage
(2) Conditions to entitlement
(3) Availment

c. Paternity Leave
(1) Coverage
(2) Conditions to entitlement
(3) Availment

d. Parental Leave
(1) Coverage
(2) Conditions to entitlement
(3) Availment

e. Leaves for victims of violence against women
(1) Coverage
(2) Conditions to entitlement
(3) Availment

6. S Se er rv vi ic ce e C Ch ha ar rg ge es s
a. Coverage
b. Exclusion
c. Distribution
d. Integration

7. T Th hi ir rt te ee en nt th h ( (1 13 3
t th h
) ) M Mo on nt th h P Pa ay y a an nd d o ot th he er r b bo on nu us se es s
Coverage
Exclusion/Exemptions from coverage
Nature of 13
th
month pay
Commissions vis--vis 13
th
month pay
CBA vis--vis 13
th
month pay

8. W Wo om me en n W Wo or rk ke er rs s


a. Discrimination (Art. 135, LC)
b. Stipulation against marriage (Art. 136, LC)
c. Prohibited Acts (Art. 137, LC)
d. Classification of certain women workers (Art. 138, LC)
e. Anti-Sexual Harassment Act (RA 7877)

9. M Mi in no or r W Wo or rk ke er rs s ( (R RA A 7 76 67 78 8, , R RA A 9 92 23 31 1) )
a. Regulation of working hours of a child
b. Employment of the child in public entertainment
c. Prohibition of employing minors in certain undertakings
and in certain advertisements

10. E Em mp pl lo oy ym me en nt t o of f H Ho ou us se eh he el lp pe er rs s
a. Definition
b. Benefits accorded househelpers
c. Termination
d. Reliefs for unjust termination

11. E Em mp pl lo oy ym me en nt t o of f H Ho om me ew wo or rk ke er rs s
a. Definition
b. Rights and benefits accorded homeworkers
c. Conditions for deduction from homewokers earnings

12. Apprentices and Learners
a. Distinctions between Learnership and Apprenticeship

13. H Ha an nd di ic ca ap pp pe ed d W Wo or rk ke er rs s ( (R RA A 7 72 27 77 7) )
a. Definition of handicapped workers
b. Rights of disabled workers
c. Prohibitions on discrimination against disable persons
d. Incentives for employers

D. TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT

1. E Em mp pl lo oy ye er r- -E Em mp pl lo oy ye ee e R Re el la at ti io on ns sh hi ip p
a. Four-fold Test
b. Probationary Employment
c. Kinds of Employment
(1) Regular employment
(a) Reasonable connection rule
(2) Project employment
(a) Indicators of project employment
(3) Seasonal employment
(4) Casual employment
(5) Fixed term employment


(a) Requisites for validity

d. J ob contracting and Labor-only contracting
(1) When is there job contracting?
(2) When is there labor-only contracting?
(3) Conditions that must concur in legitimate job
contracting
(4) Effects of finding that there is labor-only contracting

2 2. . T Te er rm mi in na at ti io on n o of f E Em mp pl lo oy ym me en nt t
a a. . Substantive Due Process
(a) J ust Causes
(a) Serious misconduct or willful disobedience
i. Requisites
(b) Gross and habitual neglect of duties
i. Requisites
(c) Fraud or willful breach of trust (loss of trust
and confidence)
i. Requisites
(d) Abandonment of employment; Elements
that must concur
(e) Termination of employment pursuant
to a Union Security Clause
(f) Totality of infractions doctrine

(b) Authorized Causes
(a) Redundancy, Retrenchment and Closure
i. Procedural steps required
ii. Requirements for valid
retrenchment/redundancy
iii. Criteria in selecting employees for dismissal
iv. Standards to be followed

(b) Disease or illness
i. Requisites

b. Procedural Due Process
(1) Procedure to be observed in termination cases
(2) Guiding Principles in connection
with the hearing requirements in dismissal cases
(c) Agabon doctrine

c. Reliefs for illegal dismissal
(1) Reinstatement aspect
(a) Immediately executory


i. Actual reinstatement
ii. Payroll reinstatement

(2) Separation pay in lieu of Reinstatement
(a) Strained Relation rule
(3) Backwages
(a) Components of the amount of backwages
(4) Constructive dismissal
(5) Preventive Suspension
(6) Quitclaims
(7) Termination of employment by employee

3. Retirement Pay Law
a. Coverage
b. Exclusions from coverage
c. Components of retirement pay
d. Retirement pay under RA 7641 vis--vis retirement benefits
under SSS and GSIS laws

E. MANAGEMENT PREROGATIVE

1. Discipline
2. Transfer of employees
3. Productivity standard
4. Grant of Bonus
5. Change of working hours
6. Marital discrimination
7. Post-employment ban
8. Limitations in its exercise

F. SOCIAL LEGISLATION

1 1. . S SS SS S L La aw w ( (R RA A 8 82 28 82 2) )
a. Coverage
b. Exclusions from coverage
c. Benefits
d. Beneficiaries

2. G GS SI IS S ( (R RA A 8 82 29 91 1) )
a. Coverage
b. Exclusions from coverage
c. Benefits
d. Beneficiaries

3 3. . L Li im mi it te ed d P Po or rt ta ab bi il li it ty y L La aw w ( (R RA A 7 76 69 99 9) )



4 4. . E Em mp pl lo oy ye ee e s s C Co om mp pe en ns sa at ti io on n C Co ov ve er ra ag ge e a an nd d w wh he en n
c co om mp pe en ns sa ab bl le e

G. LABOR RELATIONS LAW

1. R Ri ig gh ht t t to o S Se el lf f- -o or rg ga an ni iz za at ti io on n
a. Who may unionize for purposes of collective bargaining
(1) Who cannot form, join or assist labor organizations
(2) Executive Order No. 180

b. Bargaining unit
(1) Test to determine the constituency
of an appropriate bargaining unit
(2) Voluntary Recognition
(a) Requirements
(3) Certification election
(a) In an unorganized establishment
(b) In an organized establishment
(c) Rules prohibiting the filing of petition
for certification election
(d) Requirements for validity of certification election
(e) Protests and other questions arising
from conduct of certification election

(4) Run-off election
(a) Requirements
(5) Re-run election
(6) Consent election
(7) Affiliation and disaffiliation of the local union
from the mother union
(a) Substitutionary doctrine
(8) Union dues and special assessments
(a) Requirements for validity
(9) Agency fees
(a) Requisites for assessment

2 2. . R Ri ig gh ht t t to o C Co ol ll le ec ct ti iv ve e B Ba ar rg ga ai in ni in ng g
a. Duty to bargain collectively
(1) Kiok Loy ruling
b. Mandatory provisions of CBA
(1) Grievance Procedure
(2) Voluntary Arbitration
(3) No Strike-No Lockout Clause
(4) Labor Management Council



c. ULP in Collective Bargaining
(1) Bargaining in bad faith
(2) Refusal to bargain
(3) Individual bargaining
(4) Blue sky bargaining
(5) Surface bargaining

d. Unfair Labor Practice
(1) ULP of Employers
(2) ULP of Labor Organizations

3 3. . R Ri ig gh ht t t to o P Pe ea ac ce ef fu ul l C Co on nc ce er rt te ed d A Ac ct ti iv vi it ti ie es s
a. Forms of Concerted Activities
b. Who may declare a strike or lockout?
c. Requisites for a valid strike
d. Requisites for a valid lockout
e. Requisites for lawful picketing
f. Assumption of jurisdiction by the Secretary of Labor
or Certification of the Labor dispute to the NLRC
for compulsory arbitration
g. Nature of Assumption Order or Certification Order
h. Effect of defiance of Assumption or Certification Orders
i. Illegal Strike
(1) Liability of officers of the unions
(2) Liability of ordinary workers
(3) Waiver of illegality of strike

j. Injunctions
(1) Requisites for Labor Injunctions
(2) Innocent Bystander Rule

H. PROCEDURE AND JURISDICTION

1. L La ab bo or r A Ar rb bi it te er r
a a. J urisdiction
b b. Effect of self-executing order of reinstatement on backwages
c c. . Requirements to perfect appeal to NLRC

2. N Na at ti io on na al l L La ab bo or r R Re el la at ti io on ns s C Co om mm mi is ss si io on n ( (N NL LR RC C)
a. J urisdictions
b. Effect of NLRC reversal of Labor Arbiters order
of reinstatement
c. Requirements to perfect appeal to Court of Appeals



3. B Bu ur re ea au u o of f L La ab bo or r R Re el la at ti io on ns s ( (B BL LR R) ) M Me ed d A Ar rb bi it te er rs s
a. J urisdiction (Original and Appellate)

4. N Na at ti io on na al l C Co on nc ci il li ia at ti io on n a an nd d M Me ed di ia at ti io on n B Bo oa ar rd d ( (N NC CM MB B) )
a a. Conciliation vs. Mediation
b b. Preventive Mediation

5 5. . D DO OL LE E R Re eg gi io on na al l D Di ir re ec ct to or rs s
a. Small money claims

6. D DO OL LE E S Se ec cr re et ta ar ry y
a. Visitorial and Enforcement Powers
b. Power to suspend effects of termination

7. V Vo ol lu un nt ta ar ry y A Ar rb bi it tr ra at to or rs s
a. Submission Agreement
b. Rule 43, Rules of Court

8. C Co ou ur rt t o of f A Ap pp pe ea al ls s
a. Rule 65, Rules of Court

9. . S Su up pr re em me e C Co ou ur rt t
a. Rule 45, Rules of Court

10. P Pr re es sc cr ri ip pt ti io on n o of f A Ac ct ti io on ns s
a. Money claims
b. Illegal dismissal
c. Unfair labor practice
d. Offenses penalized by the Labor Code and IRR
issued pursuant thereto