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Matrix Optics
Matrix Optics
Yazd
University University
Refraction Matrix
Refraction
T
Translation
l ti
Matrix optics
R f ti
Refraction
h1
h2
Dr. G. Mirjalili Physics Dept. Yazd Dr. G. Mirjalili Physics Dept. Yazd
University University
Gauss’s
Gauss s formula for refraction at a single surface: R γ`=?
γ ?
n1 n 2 − n1 n n1 n2
+ = 2 β+ =
o R i o i R=+5cm
γ h
γ` ⎡1 β ⎤ ⎡n1γ ⎤ ⎡n2 γ ′⎤
h
γ = ⇒o=
h ⎢0 1 ⎥ ⎢ h ⎥ = ⎢ h ⎥
o γ o i ⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
h h β=(n
β ( 2-n1))/R=(1.62-1)/(+0.05)=12.4
( )( ) m-1
γ′= ⇒i =
i γ′ ⎡1 β ⎤ ⎡n1γ ⎤ ⎡n 2 γ ′⎤ 60=0.01047
⎢0 1 ⎥ ⎢ h ⎥ = ⎢ h ⎥
n1γ n2 ⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
β+ = ⎡1 12.4⎤ ⎡1(−0.01047)⎤ ⎡(1.62)γ ′⎤
⎢0 1 ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ = ⎢ 0.02 ⎥
⎡1 β ⎤
h h
n1γ + βh = n2 γ ′ ⎣ ⎦⎣ 0.02 ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
{ 0+h = h R=⎢ ⎥
⎣0 1 ⎦
Refraction
Matrix
γ`=+50
Dr. G. Mirjalili Physics Dept. Yazd Dr. G. Mirjalili Physics Dept. Yazd
University University
{− d n γ ′ + h = h
n 2 γ ′ + 0 × h1 = n 2 γ ′ S=[R2][T][R1] matrix system
∆h=h1-h
h2 = d tan γγ` = d γγ`
R1 ⎡1 β 2 ⎤⎡ 1 0 ⎤ ⎡1 β1 ⎤
h1 − h2 = dγ ′ n2
2 1 2 T S =⎢ ⎢ d ⎥
R2 ⎣0 1 ⎦⎥ ⎢ − 1 ⎥ ⎢⎣ 0 1 ⎥⎦
⎣ n ⎦
−d h h ⎡ 1 0⎤ ⎡ n ⎤ ⎡ n ⎤
+ 1 = 2 ⎢ d ⎥ 2 β1=(n2-n1)/R=(1.5-1)/0.025=+20 m-1
1⎥ ⎢ h ⎥ = ⎢ h ⎥
2
n2 n2γ ′ n2γ ′ ⎢−
⎣ n2 ⎦⎣ 1 ⎦ ⎣ 2 ⎦ β2=(1-1
(1 1.5)/∞
5)/∞ =0
0
h1 − h 2 = d γ ′
⎡ 1 0⎤ ⎡1 0⎤ ⎡ 1 0⎤ ⎡1 20⎤ ⎡ 1 20 ⎤
−d h1 h2 T =⎢ d ⎥ Translation
S=⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 0.006
−
⎥⎢ ⎥=⎢ ⎥
+ = − 1⎥ ⎣0 1⎦ ⎢⎣ 1.5 1 ⎥⎦ ⎣0 1 ⎦ ⎣− 0.004 0.92⎦
n2 n 2γ ′ n 2γ ′ ⎣⎢ n ⎦ Matrix
Dr. G. Mirjalili Physics Dept. Yazd Dr. G. Mirjalili Physics Dept. Yazd
University University
⎡ 1 20 ⎤
S=⎢ ⎥
⎣− 0.004 0.92⎦
(1X0.92)-(20x-0.004)=0.92+0.08=1
)( ) [[S]]= [R6][T5][R5][T4][R4][T3][R3][T2][R2][T1][R1]
The result should be unity, as indeed it is
⎡1 β ⎤ ⎡ 1 0⎤
R=⎢ ⎥ T =⎢ d ⎥
⎣0 1 ⎦ − 1⎥
⎣⎢ n ⎦
Dr. G. Mirjalili Physics Dept. Yazd Dr. G. Mirjalili Physics Dept. Yazd
University University
Dr. G. Mirjalili Physics Dept. Yazd Dr. G. Mirjalili Physics Dept. Yazd
University University
Theory
y of cardinal p
points(2)
( ) Theory of cardinal points(3)
Afocal system
front vertex focal length. (F.V.F.L.) u ′ = N 11u + N 12 y
⎡u ′ ⎤ ⎡ N11 N12 ⎤ ⎡u ⎤ y ′ = N 21u + N 22 y
⎢ y ′⎥ = ⎢ N N 22 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ y ⎥⎦
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ 21
If N12 = 0 u=0
u ′ = N 11u + N 12 y o.s
u`= N11u
y ′ = N 21u + N 22 y
If u`=0 → u = 0
u`=0
0
afocal system
Conditions:
u`=0
If N11 = 0
o.s
u` = N11u + N12 y= N12 y
y=0
Dr. G. Mirjalili Physics Dept. Yazd Dr. G. Mirjalili Physics Dept. Yazd
University University
• C j
Conjugated
t d points
i t • For conjugated point condition: N21=0
u ′ = N 11u + N 12 y
⎡ N 11 N 12 ⎤ ⎡ ( M 11 + M 12 l1 ) M 12 ⎤
y ′ = N 21u + N 22 y y =⎢
y
o.s y` ⎢N
⎣ 21
⎥
N 22 ⎦ ⎣− l k′ ( M 11 + M 12 l1 ) + M 21 + M 22 (−l k′ M 12 + M 22 )⎥⎦
If :
N21 = 0
y`=N22y − l k′ ( M 11 + M 12 l1 ) + M 21 + M 22 = 0
Back vertex focal
length U=0
M 22 l1 + M 21
If:
os
o.s yy`=0
=0 l k′ =
M 12 l1 + M 11 Relationship between object and
N22=0 image distance until optical
M − M 11l k′ y
system
y`=N
` N21u l1 = 21
M 12 l k′ − M 22
u=0→ y`=0
Dr. G. Mirjalili Physics Dept. Yazd Dr. G. Mirjalili Physics Dept. Yazd
University University
M −b ⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
l1 = F .V .F .L. = − 11 ⇔ n n n nγ
V= = = =
M 12 a ⎡b a⎤ ⎡M M 12 ⎤ L o h h
⇔ ⎢ 11 γ
⎢
⎣d
⎥
c⎦ ⎣ M 21 M 22 ⎥⎦ ×
1
B VFL
B.V.F.L N22=0.
0 h Matrix
V ⎤ ⎡V ′⎤
[S ]⎡⎢
1 ⎡1 β ⎤ ⎡ n γ ⎤ 1 ⎡ n γ ′ ⎤ system
1
= 2
h ⎢⎣0 1 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ h ⎥⎦ h ⎢⎣ h ⎥⎦
− l k M 12 + M 22 = 0 ⎡ n γ ⎤ ⎡ n γ ′⎤ ⎥ =⎢1⎥
⎡1 β ⎤ ⎢ h ⎥ ⎢ h ⎥ ⎡1 β ⎤ ⎡V ⎤ ⎡V ′⎤ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
1
1 1
⎢0 1 ⎥ ⎢ h ⎥ = ⎢ h ⎥ ⇔ ⎢ 0 1 ⎥ ⎢ 1 ⎥ = ⎢ 1 ⎥
⎣ ⎦⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
c ⎣ h ⎦ ⎣ h ⎦
lk = M 22
M 12 ⇔ V V′
[S ]⎡⎢ ⎤⎥ = ⎡⎢ ⎤⎥
a ⎣1⎦ ⎣ 1 ⎦ Exit
vergence
V
n1 V` n2
o.s
object image
o
i
V = n1/o
⎡V ⎤ ⎡V ′⎤
[S ]⎢ ⎥ = ⎢ ⎥
V `= n2/i
⎣1⎦ ⎣ 1 ⎦