1

;fd'bflosljkb\ Joj:yfkg ;ldtL

e=g=kf= j8f g+= !$








gS;f /fVg]













;Fs6f;Ggtf tyfIfdtf n]vfhf]vfk|ltj]bg












2



ljifoj:t'
!_ k[i7e"ldM jf8{ tyfuf=lj=;=sf] cj:yf ef}uf]lnstyfcGo jf/]df n]Vg] .

eQmk'/ gu/kflnsf leqsf j8fx?dWo] !$ g+ j8f Ps P]ltxfl;s /;fF:s[lts dxTjk"0f{ j8f xf] .
o; j8fnfO{ pQ/df k'/fgf] b/af/ ,k"j{df !@ g+ j8f, klZrddf !^ j8f / blIf0fdf c/lgsf] /fhdfu{n] 3]l/Psf] 5
. o; j8fdf af/fxL, gf;dgf, af]nf5F], b'dnfRff,d+unf5]cflb 6f]n k5{g\ .o; j8fsf] s'n 5]qkmn
!@ %%/x]sf] 5 . o; j8fdf /X]sf X/]s 6f]nsf cfkmg} ;fdflhs tYff wfld{s ljz]iftf kfOG5.la:s]6
hfqfsf lbgaf]nf5]+df xft gePsf] nLf] p7fpg] Ufl/g] x'Fbf o; j8fsf] cfkmg} ;fdflhsljz]iftf kfOG5 .
s'dfn]x?sf] df6f]s]f efF8f agfpg] Joj;foaf6 ;d]t kf]6/L:sjf/ gfdaf6 kl/lrt of] j8f ko{6sLo lx;fan] klg
k|Voft 5.g]jf/ hftLsf] afx'Notf /x]sf] o; j8fdf g]jf/ hfltx?n] g]jf/L efiff af]Nb5g\ . o; j8fdf a;f]af;
ug{] afl;Gbfxsf] d'Vo k]zf s[lif, Jofkf/ / gf]s/L /x]sf] 5 . o; j8fsf] afl;Gbfx d'Vo kdf lxGb' wd{
/ af}4 wd{ dfGg]x 5g\ . o; j8fsf afl;Gbfx? w]/}h;f] lxGb" wdf{jnDaL ePsf] sf/0fn] pgLx?sf]
rf8kj{ klg lxGb" ;+:sf/df cfwfl/t 5 . ljz]ift lxGb"x?sf] dxfg rf8 bz}+, ltxf/, la:s]6 hfqf, ufO{ hfqf,
s[i0ffi6dL, ;lsdf k'GxL] nufotsf rf8kj{x? o; j8fdf dgfpg] ul/G5 . wfld{styf;f+:s[ltsdxTj af]s]sf] o;
j 8f sf ] cf kmgf ] 5' 6 kl xr f g 5 .

o; j8fsf] pQ/Le]udf hg;+Vofsf] rfk Psbd} a9L /xg'sf ;fy} k'/fgf] al:t /x]sf] 5 h;n] ubf{
ulNnx?sf] leqL efu ;Dd /lx tL ef}lts ;+/rgf hl6n cj:Yffdfb]lVfG5 . olb s'Gf} k|sf]k cfPdf o; Ifqs.
dflg;x? ;+s6dfKfGf{] b]lVfG5 . To; k|sf/sf k|sf]kAff6 oxfFsf sdhf]/ ;+/RfGff / 3gf a:tLsf sf/0fn]
ubf{ yk hgwgsf] Iflt x'Gf] b]lvG5 . :YffgLo lGfsfo P]g cGtu{t o; j8fdfklgl; l8 Pd l;CDMC sf]
u7Gf ul/of] . h:fdf ;fTf ;b:o ;ldlt u7Gf ePsf] lyof] .





@_ k|sf]k tyf hf]lvdsf] cj:yfM
o; j8fdf k'/fgf ;+/rgfsf k'/fgf u'Rrd'Rr 3/x?sf] j:tLx? 5g\ . h:t}M af]nf5]+, af/fxL,
d+unf5]+ / tFrfdf le/fnf]df u'Rrd'Rr 3/x?sf] j:tLn] ubf{ o; If]qx? k|sf]k cfPsf] v08df o; If]qsf
j8fjf;Lx? sl/a @,))) hlt hf]lvdk"0f{ cj:yfdf kb{5g\ . lsgsL o; If]q af6f] df]6/ ghfg] cj:yfsf 5g\ .
oxfsf] ef}uf]lns cj:yf, afSnf] j:tL / oxfsf] 3/x? tyf cGo ;/+rgfx? e'sDk k|lt/f]wfTds gx'gfn] dfgljo
3

Iflt pRr x'g] ;Defjgf /x]sf] 5 . k|foM ;'Vvf df};ddf cfpg] x'/Ljtf;n] oxfsf 3/x?sf] 5fgfx? p8fpg],
3/sf] 5tdf /x]sf udnfx, 6\of\sL p8fpg] ;d:of j9\bf] kfO{of]. cfunfuLn] ;do ;dodf oxfsf s]xL 3/ /
dfgljo Iflt klg u/fPsf] / k|foM ljB'tLo tf/x cJojl:yt kdf /x]sf]n] Short Circuit eP/ cfunfuL x'g] ;d:of
/x]sf] kfO{of] .To:t} xg'dGt] vf]nfdf jiff{ofd;+u} cfpg] af9L klg k|sf]ksf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 .


#_ ;+s6f;Ggtfsf] cj:yfM

oL dflysf If]qx?df k/Dk/fut ;+/rgfsf lh0f{ 3/x?sf] lgdf{0f, le/fnf]df sdhf]/ 3/x? lgdf{0f,
u'Rrd'Rr j:tL ;+s6f;Ggtfsf] cj:yf 5g\ .gu/kflnsfsf] j8f g+= !$ df ljutdf nfu]sf] cfunfuL / o;n]
k'ofPsf] IfltnfO{ x]bf{ clxn] klg o;n] w]/} dfqfdf hgwgsf] Iflt k'ofpg ;Sg] ;Defjgf /x]sf] 5 eg]
ljB'tLo tf/sf] kf]ndf cJojl:yt kdf /xsf]n] Short Circuit eP/ klg cfunfuL x'g ;Sg] / hgwgsf] Ilft k'ofpg
;Sg] ;Defjgf /x]sf] 5 . To:t} c? k|sf]kx?n] klg ;d'bfonfO c;/ kf/]sf] 5 / eljiodf klg kfg{ ;S5 . o;
j8fdf xg'dGt] vf]nf aUg] ub{5, To;df klg kfgLsf] dfqf a9]/ vf]nf cf;kf;sf afnLgfnL Ilft k'ofpg
;Sg] ;Defjgf /x]sf] 5 . oL ljleGg k|sf/sf k|sf]kx? ;u n8\g ;d'bfodf plrt dfqfdf bIf hgzlQm gePsf
sf/0f ;+s6f;Ggtfsf] cj:yf pRr /x]sf] 5 .

$_ ;d'bfodf ljBdfg Ifdtf tyf ;fdgfsf] pkfox?M


o; gu/kflnsfsf] j8f g+= !$ df /x]sf] Ifdtf tyf ;fdgfsf pkfox?sf] s'/f ug'{kbf{ oxFsf k|To]s
If]qdf k|fylds pkrf/ tflnd k|fKt hgzlQm yf]/} dfqfdf ePklg /x]sf 5g\ . To:t} DDRT / LSAR tflnd lnPsf
hgzlQm klg o; ;d'bfodf /x]sf 5g\ . ;fy} oxf 8fS6/x, O{lGhlgo/x, g;{x / ljleGg cGo tflnd
k|fKt JolQmx klg /x]sf 5g\ . ljkb\sf] cj:yfdf ;xof]u ug{sf nflu j8f g+= !$ sfof{no, g]=/]=;f] af/fxL
pkzfvf / ;fd'bflos ljkb\ Joj:yfkg ;ldlt,;fy} cGo ljleGg ;+3;:yfx? klg /x]sf 5g\ .

%= d'VokQfnufOPsfljifox? -Major Findings_
s_ oxfFsf] d'Vo k|sf]kx? s] s] x'g\ <
v_ oxfFsf] ;+s6f;Ggtfsf] cj:yf s] 5 <
u_ ljBdfg Ifdtfx? s] s] /x]sf 5g\ <
3_ tflnd k|fKt hgzlQm s] slt s'g cj:yfdf 5g\ <


4

^= ;'emfjtyflzkmfl/;x?-Recommendation_
s_ k|fylds pkrf/sf] tflnd ;+rfng ug'{kg]{,
v_CADRE sf] tflnd ;+rfng ug'{kg]{{,
u_ hgr]tgf hufpg kg]{,
3_ k|To]s 3/df em6k6 emf]nfsf] Joj:yfsf] cleofg rnfpg' kg]{,
_ ljB'tsf tf/ Jofl:yt ug'{kg]{
r_ e"sDk k|lt/f]wfTdf ejg lgdf{0f tflnd rnfpg'kg]{ .


cg';"rLx? M
!= hg;\Vofsf] ljj/0f M

j8f
g+=
3/w'/L ljj/0f hg;\Vof hg;\Vof km/s Ifdtf
ePsf -
ckf\utf_ sf]
ljj/0f
cj:yfcg';f/ hg;\Vof
blnt hg
hflt
cGo hDdf dlxnf k'?if hDdf lsl;d ;\Vof % jif{
d'lgsf
^
!@
jif{sf
^)
jif{eGbf
dfly
! X $)$@ X $)$@ @)@( @)!# $)$@ zf/Ll/s $ (* $)% @))
@
#
@= k|sf]ktflnsf
k|sf]k k|sf]k
sf]
k|sf/
d'Vosf/
0f
r]tfjgLs
f ;+s]t
cfpg]
ult
bf]xf]/Lg
] qmd
cjlw h]flvdd
f
/x]sftTj
x? -
j:t'_
hf]lvddf
/x]sf tTjx?
Dffly
kg{;Sg]
k|sf]ksf]
k|efj
af9L k|fs[lt
s
jiff{ vf]nfdf
kfgL
a9\g'
cl;ldt
dfqfdf
dg;'gsf]
;dodf
x/]s jif{ dfgjLo
ef}lts
;+/rgfx
,
cfly{s
hgwgsf]
Ilft
cfunf
uL
dfgjL
o
ljB'tLo
sf/0f,
nfk/jfxL
uGw,
w'jf
;dosf]
ult
cg';f/
/fd|f];u
lgefpg
g;s];Dd
306f,
lbg,
dlgf;
Dd
dfgjLo,
ef}lts
;+/rgfx
,
cfly{s
hgwgsf]
Ilft
5

x'/Latf
;
k|fs[lt
s
efl/ jiff{
/ v8]/L
hgfj/ /
r/fr'?+u
L
c;fdfGo
Jojxf/
cl;ldlt
dfqfdf
;'Vvf
;dodf
cfpg
;Sg]
;do;do
df
dfgjLo,
ef}lts
;+/rgfx
,
cfly{s
hgwgsf]
Ilft
e"sDk k|fs[lt
s
6]S6f]l
gs
Kn]6x
sf] xnrn
hgfj/ /
r/fr'?+u
L
c;fdfGo
Jojxf/
;fgf]b]lv
7"nf]
/]S6/
:s]n;Dd
s'g} klg
;dodf
x'g ;Sg]
;do;do
df
dfgjLo,
ef}lts
;+/rgfx
,
cfly{s
hgwgsf]
Ilft

#=;+s6f;Ggtf tflnsf
k|sf]k hf]lvddf/x]sftTjx? hf]lvddf
/x]sftTjx?
dflyk|sf]ksf]
k|efj
Hf]lvdsftTjx?nfO{;+s6f;Ggjgfpg]
sf/s tTjx?
;+s6f;Ggtfsf
tTjx?
af9L dfgjLo ,ef}lts
;+/rgfx, cfly{s
kf6Lkf}jf
elTsg ;S5,
afnLgfnL
lau|g ;S5,
clt jiff{ hgwg
cfunfuL dfgjLo, ef}lts
;+/rgfx, cfly{s
hgwgsf] Iflt hgr]tgfsf] sdL,
dfgjLo x]NRf]S/fO{
hgwg
x'/Latf; dfgjLo, ef}lts
;+/rgfx, cfly{s
hgwgsf] Iflt hgr]tgfsf] sdL,
3/sf] jgfjt
hgwg
e"sDk dfgjLo, ef}lts
;+/rgfx, cfly{s
hgwgsf] Iflt hgr]tgfsf] sdL,elTsg nfu]sf 3/x? hgwg
$= Ifdtftflnsf
k|sf]k hf]lvdsftTjx? ;d'bfodf
;fdgfug]{ tl/sf
;d'bfodfpknJw
;|f]tx?
Ifdtfsf
tTjx?
af9L hgwg afw agfpg] hgzlQm hgzlSt
cfunfuL hgwg glhssf kfgLsf
;|f]t ,bdsn
kf]v/L, Ogf/ hgzlSt
x'/Latf; hgwg hgzlSt
e"sDk hgwg ;'/lIft :yfgdf
hfg], 3/leq
9lng d'lg a:g]
;'/lIft :yfg /
v'Nnf 7Fp
hgzlSt

6

Ifdtfsf] lj:t[t ljj/0f
ljj/0f
gfd / /x]sf]
:yfg -sxfF_
;\Vof -slt_ Ifdtf cj:yf s}lkmot
ef}lts ;|f]t
k'n
/fddlGb/,
af/fxL
@ !)6gsf] uf8L]
hfg ldNg]
l7s}
;8s
c/lgsf]
/fhdfu{,
af/fxL,
gf;dgf,
af]nf5F],
b'dnfRff,
d+unf5]]F
^ kSsL ;8s /
c/lgsf]
/fhdfu{df
uf8L hfg
;Sg], s'g}df
;jf/L ;fwg hfg
g;Sg]
kSsL
/ sRrL
l7s}

ljBfno ejg
af/fxL,
ukln,
af]nf5F],
;/sf/L ljBfno
#,
lghL ljBfno
%

tf/f df=lj df
@)) hgf,
hg;]jfdf !))
hgf, a|fO6
:6f/df #)) hgf,
zf/bfdf &) hgf
/fd|f]
;'/lIftcfjf; tyf :yfg
tfnfsf] 6f]n,
j8f sfof{no
@ j6f hlt @))
%))
l7s}
;fd'bflos rkL{
/fddlGb/ ! $ rkL{ l7s}
;~rf/sf ;fwg
6]lnkmf]g,
df]afOn,
l6=eL,
/]l8of],
OG6/g]6
l7s}
oftfotsf ;fwg
;fOsn,Dff]6/
;fOsn,
uf8Lx?

dfgjLo ;|f]t
cfwf/e"tvf]h tyf p4f/
!$ j8f @# ck'u Tflnd
k|fKt
cg';lr
!df 5
tflndk|fKthgzlQm
-ljk|;fk_
!$ j8f @) ck'u Tflnd
k|fKt

k|fyldspkrf/ tflndk|fKt
!$ j8f &@ 3fOt]sf] k|fylds Tflnd
7

pkrf/ ug{ k|fKt
dlxnf :jf:Yo sfo{stf{
!$ j8f ,
d+unf5]]F
af]nf5]+,
gf;dgf
^ ck'u Tflnd
k|fKt
cg';lr
@df 5
s[lif;DaGwLtflndk|fKt
!$ j8f !@ s[lif ;DaGwL
;a}
l7s}
lzIfs
!$ j8f ljkb\df :jod\ ;]jf
lbg ;Sg]
;lqmo
sd{rf/L
af/fxL,
gf;dgf,
af]nf5F],
b'dnfRff,
d+unf5
#)hgf ;]jf lbg ;Sg] ;lqmo
l;sdL{
af/fxL,
gf;dgf,
af]nf5F],
b'dnfRff,
d+unf5
%( hgf kmlg{r/
;DaGwL ;a}
sfd
;lqmo
8sdL{
!$ j8f &! hgf lgdf{0f k|fo ;a}
;lqmo

cGo ;Lk -pNn]v ug{'
kg]{5_

;fdflhs ;|f]t
;fd'bflos ejg
af/fxL 5]F
j8f sfo{no
lzz'

^ k'Ubf] l7s}
kf6L kf}jf
af/fxL,
gf;dgf,
af]nf5F],
b'dnfRff,
d+unf5
!# j6f cf]t nfUg
;lsg]
l7s}
cj:yfdf

wf/f
af/fxL,
gf;dgf,
!) j6f ;fj{hlgs wf/f kfgL
gcfpg]

8

af]nf5F],
b'dnfRff,
d+unf5
cj:yfdf
d7 dlGb/
af/fxL,
af]nf5F],
tfnfsf]
^ j6f /fd|f]
;fdflhs ;+/rgf
dlxnf 3/d"nL
!$ j8f @^ gfh's g/fd|f]
lg0f{o txdfePsfdlxnf
!$ j8f cGbfhL #& cfk\mgf]
lg0f{o ;lxt sfd
ug]{
;lqmo
z}lIfscj:yf -dk'_
!$ j8f ;fdfGo n]v
k9 ug{ ;Sg]
;lqmo
cfly{s ;|f]t
Jofkf/ Joj;fo
;a} pkIf]q cGbfhL %%
hlt
;lqmo
pBf]u snsf/vfgf
af]nf5F],
af/fxL
@ j6f /f]HfUff/sf]
;'lawf
;lqmo
gf]s/L
!$ j8f $% k|ltzt l7s}
art ;d"x
!$ j8f * art ul//x]sf] ;lqmo
;d"xsf] sf]if ?
!$ j8f ul//x]sf]
cj:yf

a}\s tyfljQLo ;+:yf n'lDjgL a}+s
lnld6]
Unf]an
cfOPdO a}+=
ln=
;'o{jgfos
@ art ul//x]sf] ;lqmo
k|fs[lts ;|f]t

v]tLof]Uoe"ld
/fddlGb/,
af/fxL,uMkln
#) /f]kgL ck'u pAhfp
cGo -pNn]v ug{'

9

kg]{5_
;fj{hlgswf/f,Ogf/
af/fxL,
gf;dgf,
af]nf5F],
b'dnfRff,
d+unf5
!) j6f wf/f
@^ Ogf/
kfgL
Gfcfpg]
gfh's
k|fs[ltss'jf
;'o{jgfos ! ck'u gfh's
gbLgfnf
xg'dGt] ! j6f kmf]xf]/ jiff{
ePsf]
a]nf
a9\g]

Tffntyfkf]v/L d+unf5,af/fxL

@ ck'u gfh's
v]tLul/g] d'VoafnL
nufpg] ;do
afnLyGSofpg]
;do
pTkfbg -
d]= 6g_
k|of]u
ul/g] dn
lapsf]
pknAwtf
Wffg
c;f/ sflt{s !# o"l/of,
l8PkL,
sDkf]i6
lapsf]
pknAwtf
ds}
j}zfv ebf} )=@ o"l/of,
l8PkL,
sDkf]i6
cfk}m
uxF'
sflt{s, d++l;/ j}zfv )=! o"l/of,
l8PkL,
sDkf]i6
cfk}m
gf]6 M !),))) ju{ dLjf @) /f]kgLjf #) s7\7f ! x]S6/
%= P]ltxfl;sljj/0f
ljkb\ jif{ k|efj k|ltsfo{ s}lkmot
hldg ef;]sf] @)#! ! hgfsf] d[To'
cfunfuL @)^! hgwg k|efljt bdsnn] lgefPsf]
dxfdf/L @)!% hgwg k|efljt
e'sDk !((),
@)$%,
@)^*
3/ eTs]s]f ,hgwgsf]
Iflt
/]8qm;af6 ;xof]u,
ljleGg
;+3;+:yfxaf6
;xof]u / p4f/


10

^= ;+s6f;Ggtf tyfIfdtfsftTjx?sf] lj:t[t ljj/0f M k|sf]k, ;+s6f;Ggtf tyf Ifdtf ljZn]if0f tfnLsfjf6
lng].
dfgljo ;+s6f;Ggtf
j4j[4f , afnaRrfx / ckf
a9L dfqfdf


Eff}lts ;+s6f;Ggtf-h:t}M 3/,
hldg,kz',kfgLsf ;|f]t_
3/,hldg, kz', kfgLsf ;|f]t,;8s,
afnLgfnL

;F/rgfut ;Fs6f;Ggtf-
ljBfno, jhf/, k'n,:jf:Yo
tyf ;Frf/_
ljBfno, k'n tyf ;Frf/
dfgljoIfdtf
tflnd k|fKt JolQmx, :jod\
;]jsx? , :jf:Yo sdL{

Eff}ltsIfdtf
vf]h tyf p4f/
;fdu|L,kf6Lkf}jfx? / v'Nnf
7fpF
;F/rgfutIfdtf
kf6L ,ejg
;fdflhs ;+s6f;Ggtf
rf]/L , 8s}tL, n'6kf6


wf/0ffut ;+s6f;Ggtf
k'/fgf ljrf/3f/f
jftfj/0fLo ;+s6f;Ggtf
jftfj/0fdf k|lts'n k|efj,
;fdflhsIfdtf
tf/f :s'nsf ]ejg ,j8f sfof{no


wf/0ffut Ifdtf
kl/jt{gsf s'/f
k'/fgf ljrf/3f/f
jftfj/0fLo Ifdtf
k|fs[lts s'jf, vf]nf,
v'Nnf 7fpF

&= k|sf]k :t/Ls/0f tflnsf
k|sf]k jfl9
cfunfu
L
x'/Latf; e"sDk
jfl9

jfl9 jfl9 e"sDk
cfunfuL jfl9

x'/Latf; e"sDk
x'/Latf; jfl9 cfunfu
L

e"sDk
e"sDk 12345 e"sDk
6789
e"sDk e"sDk

hDdf c\s
$ ! ! ^
:t/







11


*= df};ldkfqf]


(=;/f]sf/jfnflgsfox?sf] ljZn]if0f
;F:yfsf] gfd ;Fks{
JolQm
k|d'vsfo{If]q ;d]6LPs
f] If]q
;f|]tx? 7]ufgf
kf;f jrt tyf
C0f ;xsf/L
;+:yf ln=
k|ljg
l;+x
/fyf]6
cfly{s ljsf; gf;dgf
gf/L ;]jf jrt
tyf C0f
;xsf/L ;+:yf
ln=
;xgf k;:jn dlxnf ljsf; gf;dgf
z'esfdgf
;fsf];
afn
d's'Gb
;'jfn
cfly{s ljsf; gf;dgf
ldq ;fsf]; xl/ s'i0f cfly{s ljsf; uknL
k|sf]k dlxgf
a}= h]= c
f
=

>f= ef= cf
=
sf= d+= k'= Dff= km
f=
r}=
af9L


cfunfu
L



x'/Latf;


e'sDk

rf8kj{x
?
la:s]
6
hfqf,
b]jfn
L
l;6L
gvf
306f
s0f{
ufOhf
q,OG
b|hfqf
bz
}+
ltxf/ of]d
/L
k'G
xL
;lsdf
k'Gx
L
df3]
;+qm
flGt,
>L
k~rd
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