!

,
,

!

x 2 = 1 ,
.
,
,
,
x 2 = 1 , i , , i 2 = 1 .
(

, x 2 = 1 :
x = i

2
x = 1

x = i

i ,
i
.
, ={i, i 2 = 1 }.

+ i , .

. :
(
, :

, , (0)
(1)
,

i , i 2 = 1 ,
z
z = + i , , .

+ i , .
, i .
 z Re(z) .
 z Im(z) .
 , + 0i ,
i 0 + i .
 , z = + i ,
.
 z = + i , 0 0 .
- .

z
+ i , + i + i ,
= = .

+ i = + i = = .
0 = 0 + 0i ,

+ i = 0 = 0 = 0 .

.

, , ,
, .
.
, , ,
,
, >, , <,
,
.

(
+ i + i ,
, :
= = 0 .
(
+ i > + i ,
+ i + i , + i < + i .

.
(
+ i 0 ,
, :
= 0 0 .
(
+ i > 0 ,
+ i 0 , + i < 0 .

y
K + i
M (, )
M(,) (z)
,

M (, )

+ i . M
a

x
+ i . A
z = + i , M (, )
M(z) .

. x x
, M (,0)
= + 0i , y y
, M(0, )
i = 0 + i .
z = + i

, OM , M (, ) .

,

+ x , x i . :

+ i + i :
( + i) + ( + i) = ( + ) + ( + )i .
,

(3 + 4i) + (5 6i) = (3 + 5) + (4 6)i = 8 2i .

:
1.

, z1 + z 2 = z 2 + z1 , z1 , z 2 .

2.

,
z1 , z 2 , z 3 .

3.

0, z + 0 = 0 + z = z , z .

4.

z z
: z + z = z + z = 0 . z
z z . z + (z) = (z) + z = 0.

z = + i ,
Im(z) = Im(z) .

z 1 + ( z 2 + z 3 ) = ( z1 + z 2 ) + z 3 ,

z = i ,

Re(z) = Re(z)

+ i + i ,
+ i i , :

( + i) ( + i) = ( + i) + ( i) = ( ) + ( )i .

( + i) ( + i) = ( ) + ( )i .

(3 + 4i) (5 6i) = (3 5) + (4 + 6)i = 2 + 10i .

M 1 (, ) M 2 ( , )
+ i + i y
,
( + i) + ( + i) = ( + ) + ( + )i

M(+, +)

M2(,)

M( + , + ) .
M1(,)

, OM = OM1 + OM 2 , :

+ i + i
.

2(,)

( + i) ( + i) = ( ) + ( )i
N( , ) .

1(,)

x
( , )

, ON = OM1 OM 2 , :
3( , )

+ i + i
.

+ i + i :
( + i)( + i) = ( + i) + i( + i) = + i + i + (i)(i) =
= + i + i + i 2 = + i + i = ( ) + ( + )i .

( + i)( + i) = ( ) + ( + )i .

,
,

(3 + 4i) (5 6i) = 15 18i + 20i 24i 2 = (15 + 24) + (20 18)i = 39 + 2i .

+ i
, + i 0 ,
+ i
+ i ,
:

+ i ( + i)( i) ( + ) + ( )i +
=
=
= 2
+
i.
+ i ( + i)( i)
2 + 2
+ 2 2 + 2
,

+ i +
=
+
i.
+ i 2 + 2 2 + 2

2 + i (2 + i)(1 + 3i) 2 + 6i + i + 3i 2 1 + 7i
1
7
=
= + i.
=
=
1 3i (1 3i)(1 + 3i)
1+ 9
10
10 10

z
, :
z1 = z , z 2 = z z,..., z = z 1 z ,
, > 1 . , z 0 ,
1
.
z 0 = 1,
z =
z

.
i :
i 0 = 1, i1 = i, i 2 = 1,
, :

i 3 = i 2 i = i .

i 4 = i 2 i 2 = 1, i 5 = i 4 i = 1 i = i, i 6 = i 4 i 2 = 1 i 2 = 1, i 7 = i 4 i 3 = 1 i 3 = i ,
, i 4 i . ,
i ,
= 4 + ,
4, :
1 , = 0
i , = 1

4 +
4
4

i =i
= i i = (i ) i = 1 i = i =
- 1 , = 2
i , = 3
: i14 = i 34+ 2 = i 2 = 1 , i19 = i 44+3 = i 3 = i
i16 = i 44+0 = i 0 = 1 , i 21 = i 45+1 = i1 = i .

z = + i .
, i
+ i z = + i = + i .

, ,
,
.
, : ( + i)( i) = 2 + 2 , z z = 2 + 2 .
i = + i , + i , i .

z z = 2 + 2 , z = + i z = i .

z = z

y
M(z)

M(, )

M (,) z = + i
z = i
.

z = + i

z = i ,
, :

M (z )

z + z = 2 = 2Re(z) z z = 2i = 2Im(z) .
z1 = + i z 2 = + i , :
1.

z 1 + z 2 = z1 + z 2

2.

z 1 z 2 = z1 z 2

3.

z 1 z 2 = z1 z 2

4.

z 1 z1
=
.
z2 z2

.
: z 1 + z 2 = ( + i) + ( + i) = ( + ) + ( + )i =
= ( + ) ( + )i = ( i) + ( i) = z1 + z 2 .

1 3
. :
z1 + z 2 + " + z = z1 + z 2 + " + z z1 z 2 ... z = z1 z 2 ... z .

z 1 = z 2 = ... = z = z , : ( z ) = ( z )
3

(
(

3
2 3i 3 2 3i
2 + 3i
=
.
=

4 5i
4 + 5i 4 + 5i

z = z z .
z = z z

z = + i , z = i .

z = z + i = i 2 i = 0 = 0 z .
z = z + i = ( i) + i = + i 2 = 0 = 0 z .

z 2 +z+=0 , 0
i 2 = 1 (i) 2 = i 2 = 1 , x 2 = 1
, x 1 = i x 2 = i . ,
x 2 = 4 , x 1 = 2i
x 2 = 2i , z 2 = 4 z 2 = i 2 4 z 2 = (2i) 2 z = 2i z = 2i .
, ,
C .
, z 2 + z + =0 , , , 0 .
, , :
2

, = 2 4 .
=
z +
2
2
4

, :

> 0 . T : z1, 2 =

= 0 . T : z =

< 0.

(1)( ) i 2 ( ) 2 i

,
T,
=
=
=

4 2
4 2
(2) 2
2
2

2
i

.
z
+
=

2
2

i
, .
2
, z 2 5z + 6 = 0 = 25 24 = 1 > 0
5 +1
5 1
: z 1 =
= 3, z2 =
= 2 . , z 2 2z + 2 = 0
2
2
= 4 8 = 4 < 0 :
2+i 4
2i 4
z1 =
= 1+ i , z2 =
= 1 i .
2
2
z1, 2 =

: ( Vietta)

z1 + z 2 =

z1 z 2 =

H 1.

S = i + i 2 + i 3 + " + i .

i i . ,
i 1
S=i
, , = 4 +
i 1
4, :

= 0 . = 4 ,
=1.

= 4 + 1 ,

S=i

11
=0
i 1

S=i

i 1
=i
i 1

= 2 . = 4 + 2 , S = i

i 1 2i 2i(i + 1)
=
=
= i 1
i 1
i 1
2

= 3 . = 4 + 3 , S = i

i 1 1 i
=
= 1 .
i 1 i 1

H 2.
z
z 1

) ) .
z 2i

z = x + yi , :

z 1 ( x 1) + yi ( x 2 x + y 2 2 y) + i(2x + y 2)
=
=
z 2i x + ( y 2)i
x 2 + ( y 2) 2
=

x 2 x + y 2 2y
2x + y 2
+ 2
i.
2
2
x + ( y 2)
x + ( y 2) 2

:
z 1
x 2 x + y 2 2y
)
,
= 0,
z 2i
x 2 + ( y 2) 2
, x 2 x + y 2 2 y = 0 x 2 + ( y 2) 2 0 , ,
2

1
5

( x, y) (0,2) .
x + ( y 1) =
2
4

, z
5
1
K = ,1
, (0,2) .
2
2

z 1
2x + y 2
, 2
=0,
z 2i
x + ( y 2) 2

x 2 + ( y 2) 2 0 .
, 2 x + y 2 = 0
, z
2 x + y 2 = 0 , (0,2) .
2
z 2i 0 z 2i x + yi 0 + 2i .
x = 0 y = 2 .
z 1
)

z 2i
z 1
z1
z1
z 1
z 1
z 1

z 2i
z 2i
z 2i
z 2i
z 2i
z 2i
z 1
z 1 z +1
z 1
=
(z 1)( z + 2i) = (z 2i)( z + 1)
=

z 2i
z 2i z + 2i
z + 2i
zz + 2zi z 2i = zz + z + 2 zi 2i 2zz z z + 2zi 2 zi = 0
2zz (z + z ) + 2i(z z ) = 0 (1).

z = x + yi zz = x 2 + y 2 , z + z = 2x z z = 2 yi ,
(1) :
2( x 2 + y 2 ) 2x + 2i 2 yi = 0 2x 2 + 2 y 2 2 x 4 y = 0
2, x 2 + y 2 x 2 y = 0
2

2
5
1

2
. (0,2)
x + ( y 1) =

2
2

2
1
1
5 5

, .
0 + (2 1) 2 = + 1 = =
2
4
4 2

z 1

)
z 2i
z 1 z 1
z 1 z 1
z 1 z 1
z 1 z 1

=
=
=
=

z 2i z + 2i
z 2i z 2i
z 2i z 2i
z 2i z 2i
z 1
z 1
=
(z 1)( z + 2i) = (z 2i)( z 1)
z 2i z + 2i

zz + 2zi z 2i = zz z 2 zi + 2i z z + 2zi + 2 zi 4i = 0
(z z ) + 2i(z + z ) 4i = 0 (2).
z = x + yi zz = x 2 + y 2 , z + z = 2x z z = 2 yi ,
(1) : 2 yi + 2i 2 x 4i = 0 2i( y + 2x 2) = 0
2x + y 2 = 0 . (0,2) 2.0 + 2 2 = 0 ,
.

10

1. R , z = ( + 3i)(2 i) :
)

) .

z = + i , :
= 0 = 0 .
z = 2 i + 6i 3i 2 = 2 + 6i i + 3 = (2 + 3) + (6 )i , :
) 6 = 0 , = 6
3
) 2 + 3 = 0 , = .
2

2. x, y :
) ( x + y) + ( x y)i = 3 i
) 3x 2 + x 6 + ( x 2 3)i = 2 + i
) 9 27i = (3x + 2 y) yi .

z1 = + i z 2 = + i =
=,
.

!

x + y = 3
) : ( x + y) + ( x y)i = 3 i
( x, y) = (1,2)
x y = 1
) :

3x 2 + x 6 0 (1)

3x 2 + x 6 + ( x 2 3)i = 2 + i 3x 2 + x 6 = 2 (2)
x2 3 =1
(3)

(3) x 2 3 = 1 x 2 = 4 x = 2 x = 2 .
x = 2 , (1) (2).

11

) :

9 2y
9 54

3x + 2 y = 9 x =
x =

9 27i = (3x + 2 y) yi
3
3
y = 27
27 = y
y = 27

45

= 15
x =

( x , y) = (15,27)
3
y = 27

A
1. x y :
) x - 2 + 2yi = - 2i + 2 - yi
) y + 2i = 3 - (2 + i) x
) 4y - 3yi - 2x = 2 - 5xi + 9i
) (x2 + 1) i + 2x = x2 - 2xi - 3
2. z = x2 - x - 9i w = 2 - y2i, x, y R.

) x, y z = w, ) z.
3. z = 6i - (3 - 4i) x - 3yi - (3i - 2) x + (4 - 2yi), x, y R.

) z + i.
) : i) Re (z) = 0
iii) Re (z) = Im (z)

ii) Im (z) = 0
iv) z = 0

4. z = (2 + i) x + (y - 1) i - 5, x, y R.

) + i.
) z x, Im (z) = 0.
) x y, Re (z) = Im (z).
5. x + (y - 1) i = 3 + 4i
. x = 3 y = 5
. x = 3 y = 4
. x = 3 y = 4
. x = 3 y = 5
. x + y = 7
6. w = (x + 1) + (y - 1) i, x, y R,

, z = x + yi
. 1 - i
. 1 + i
. - 1 - i
. - 1 + i

E. 2 + 2i

3. z
:
) z .
) z .
) z .

!
: , , ,
, !

12

) z = x + yi , x = 0 . , z
x = 0 , M (0, y) ,
z
yy .
) z = x + yi , y = 0 . , z
y = 0 , M ( x,0) ,
z
x .
z = x + 0i . , M ( x,0) ,
x x .
) z = x + yi , x = y . , z
y = x , M ( x, x ) ,
z
1 3 .

A
1.

. y = x
. y = - x
. y = 0
. x = 0
. .
2. 2 + 3i 3 + 2i

. x = 2
. y = 3
. y = x
. y = - x
. x = 0
3. z
2 4 ,
z
. 2 + i
. - 2 + 2i
. 2 + 2i
. - 2 - 2i
. - 2 - i
4. z 2x +
3y - 1 = 0, z
.

1
2

. 1 -

1
i
3

. 5 - 3i

1
i
3

. 1 + 2i

4.
+ i
) (4 + 6i) + (7 2i)
) (3 2i) (6 + 4i)
) (3 + 4i) + (8 7i) + (5 + 3i) ) (3 + 2i)(4 + 5i)
) 3i(6 + i)
) (4 + 3i)(4 3i)
) i(3 + i)(2 i) .

13

) (4 + 6i) + (7 2i) = (4 + 7) + (6 2)i = 3 + 4i

) (3 2i) (6 + 4i) = (3 6) + (2 4)i = 3 6i
) (3 + 4i) + (8 7i) + (5 + 3i) = (3 8 + 5) + (4 7 + 3)i = 0 + 0i = 0
) (3 + 2i)(4 + 5i) = 3 4 + 3 5i + 4 2i + 2 5i 2 = 12 10 + 15i + 8i = 2 + 23i
) 3i(6 + i) = 3 6i + 3i 2 = 3 + 18i
) (4 + 3i)(4 3i) = 4 2 (3i) 2 = 16 9 i 2 = 16 9(1) = 16 + 9 = 25
) i(3 + i)(2 i) = i(6 3i + 2i i 2 ) = i(6 + 1 i) = 7i i 2 = 1 + 7i .

5. + i :
)

1
1 i

) i 6

) (i + 1) 2

) (1 + i 3 ) 2

3+i
2i

6i 2
1+ i 2

1
1(1 + i)
1+ i 1+ i 1 1
=
= + i
=
=
1 i (1 i)(1 + i) 1 i 2 1 + 1 2 2

) i 6 = i 4 i 2 = 1(1) = 1 = 1 + 0i
) (i + 1) 2 = i 2 + 2i + 1 = 1 + 2i + 1 = 0 + 2i
) (1 + i 3 ) 2 = 1 + 2i 3 + i 2 3 = 1 3 + 2 3i = 2 + 2 3i
)
)

3 + i (3 + i) (2 + i) 6 + i 2 + 5i 5 + 5i 5(1 + i)
=
= 2 2 =
=
= 1+ i
2 i (2 i)(2 + i)
4 +1
5
2 i

6i 2
1+ i 2

6. z =

(6 i 2 ) (1 i 2 )
(1 + i 2 ) (1 i 2 )

6 + 2i 2 7 2i 6 2 7 2i 4 7
=
=
2i .
1+ 2
3 3
1 2i 2

1 i 3
1
, 2
.
2
z z

14

z 2 =

1 + 3 2 3i 2 i 3
=
, :
4
2

2 i 3 1 i 3 2 i 3 1+ i 3 1
1
1

=
= . : 2
= = 2.
2
2
2
2
z z 1
2
10
10
7. ( + i) + ( i) = 0 , , R .
z2 z =

!
:
i = (1) i = i 2 i = i( + i)

i = i( + i) . :
( + i)10 + ( i)10 = ( + i)10 + i10 ( + i)10 = ( + i)10 ( + i)10 = 0 .

A
1.

z1 = 1 + i,

z2 =

1
1
+ i,
3
2

z3 =

1
1
+ i,
9
4

1
1
1
1
i,
z5 =
+
+
i, +
8
16 54
27
w = z1 + z2 + z3 + z4 + z5 +

z4 =

2. + i :

) z1 =

5 - 2i
1 - 2i

) z2 =

2
i -1
i
(1 - i) 2

3. + i :

) 3i (- 5i)
)

1
1- i

) (2 + i) (- i + 3)
)

1- i
- i +1

3
4i

(2 + 3i) (- i + 1)
1 - 2i

4. + i :

15

) (2 - 3i) (4 - 5i) + 7i - 1

3 +i
3 - 2i

1 - 2i 2i + 1

)
i + 3 3i + 1

1
2
) +
i
2
2

) (1 - i)-3

8. x, y R , :
2

1
1+ i
) (3 2i) ( x + iy) = x yi , )
= 1+ i
+
x + iy
1 i
) (3 2i)(2x iy) = 2(2x iy) + 2i 1 .
2

z1 = + i z 2 = + i =
=,
.

!

) : (3 2i) 2 ( x + iy) = x yi 9 12i + 4i 2 x yi = x yi

9 4 x 12i = x (5 2x ) 12i = 0 .
, 12 0 .
2

1 1 + 2i
1+ i
) :
= 1 . :
=
1 1 2i
1 i
1
2i
2
1
1
x =
= 1+ i
= 2 + i x + yi =
x + yi =
2+i
5
5
x + iy
x + iy
1
y=
.
5

1+

) : (3 2i)(2x iy) = 2(2x iy) + 2i 1

(3 2i)(2x iy) 2(2x iy) = 1 + 2i (1 2i)(2x iy) = (1 2i)
1
2x iy = 1 x = y = 0 .
2

1. ,

z1 = + i z2 =

12 + 8i
52 + 13i
+
.
2 - 3i
13i
16

2. , : ( + i)2 =

3. x R : 1 + 2 2 i = 3

12 + 5i
.
i

1 + xi
.
1 - xi

9. :
) i 6 + i16 + i 26 + i 36 + i 46 + i 56

1 1
1
1
41 + 75 1023 .
11
i
i
i
i

i .
i0 = 1 i4 = 1
i1 = i i 5 = i
,
i2 = 1 i6 = 1
i3 = i i7 = i
i n = i , n
4, = 0,1,2,3 .
1
1 1
i 1 = = i , i n = n = .
i
i
i

) i 6 + i16 + i 26 + i 36 + i 46 + i 56 = i 2 + i 0 + i 2 + i 0 + i 2 + i 0 = 0 .
)

1
1
1
1
1 1 1 1
1 1 2
41 + 75 1023 = 3 1 + 3 3 =
=
= 2i .
11
i i i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i

10. (1 + i) 20 (1 i) 20 .

:
(1 + i) 2 = 2i , (1 + i) 2 = 1 + 2i + i 2 = 1 + 2i 1 = 2i .
(1 i) 2 = 2i , (1 i) 2 = 1 2i + i 2 = 1 2i 1 = 2i .

(
)
= ((1 i) )

(1 + i) 20 = (1 + i) 2
(1 i) 20

10

2 10

= (2i)10 = 210 i10 = 210 i 2 = 210 ,

= (2i)10 = (2)10 i10 = 210 i 2 = 210 .
17

(1 + i) 20 (1 i) 20 = 210 (210 ) = 210 + 210 = 0 .

11. i + i ;

4 .
1 = 4 + 0 , i = i 0 = 1 .
2 = 4 + 1 , i = i1 = i .
3 = 4 + 2 , i = i 2 = 1 .
4 = 4 + 3 , i = i 3 = i .

A = i + i = i +

1
. :
i

i = 1 , A = 1 + 1 = 2
1
= 4 + 1 , i = i , A = i + = i i = 0
i
= 4 ,

= 4 + 2 , i = 1 , A = 1 1 = 2
1
= 4 + 3 , i = i , A = i +
= i + i = 0 .
i

1. i2 = - 1 (i 2 ) 3
. 1

= 1,

. 3

. 6

. 2

. 5

2. ,
. i4 = 1

. i4+1 = - i

. i4+2 = - 1

. i+4 = i

. i4+3 = - i

3.

f () =

1 i +1
.
1 i

4. (1 + i)20 = (1 - i)20.

12. z , :

) z = 5 + 7i , ) z = 4 9i ,
) z = 4i ,
) z = 11 ,
) z = 0 .
) z = i ,

18

z = + i z = i .
z=z .
z z = z .
z z = z .

x .
) z = 5 + 7i z = 5 7i ,

) z = 4 9i z = 4 + 9i

) z = 4i

z = 4i ,

) z = 11

) z = i

z = i ,

) z = 0

z = 11
z = 0 .

13.
z = x + yi z, z z ;

z, z, z, z .

M ( x , y) z = x + yi ,
z = x yi M 1 ( x , y) , z = x yi
M 2 ( x , y) , , z = x + yi
y
M 3 ( x, y) . ,
M(x,y)
M3(-x,y)
:
z
z
z z
x x .
x
x
z
z
z z
M1(x,-y)
M2(-x,-y)
O(0,0) :
y
z z
yy .

5 9i
5 + 9i
z 2 =
, z1 + z 2
7 + 4i
7 4i
, z1 z 2 .

14. z1 =

19

z = z z .
z = z z .
5 + 9i 5 9i
= z 2 + z1 , z1 + z 2 .
+
7 4i 7 + 4i
5 + 9i 5 9i
z1 z 2 =
= z 2 z1 = (z1 z 2 ) , z1 z 2

7 4i 7 + 4i
.
z1 + z 2 =

15.
z :
) z z = 6i
) z 2 = z 2
) z 2 = z 2

) z = 2 z

z = x + yi
( ) x y.

z = x + yi :
) z z = 6i x + yi x + yi = 6i 2 yi = 6i yi = 3i y = 3 .
,
y = 3.
)

z 2 = z 2 ( x + yi) 2 = ( x yi) 2 ( x + yi) 2 ( x yi) 2 = 0

( x + yi + x yi)( x + yi x + yi) = 0 2x 2 yi = 0 x = 0 y = 0 .
, yy x x .
)

z 2 = z 2 ( x yi) 2 = ( x + yi) 2 x 2 + ( yi) 2 2 xyi = ( x 2 + y 2 i 2 + 2xyi)

x 2 y 2 2xyi = x 2 + y 2 2xyi 2( x 2 y 2 ) = 0 y = x .

,
.
x = 2 x
z = 2 z x + yi = 2 ( x yi) x + yi = (2 x ) + yi
y = y
x = 1, y R z = 1 + yi .

, x = 1 .

20

16. , , ,
+ i
.
+ i

z z = z .

+ i
+ i

+ i + i
+ i i
=

=
i + i i 2 = + i i i 2
+ i + i
+ i i
2i = 2i =

+ i ( + i)( i) ( + ) + ( )i
.
=
=
+ i ( + i)( i)
2 + 2
: z R = 0 = .

: z =

17. z z 0 .
2

z z
+
z z

z z
+ 2.
z z

z = z z .

z z
z z z z z z z z
+
+ = + = + = + ,
z z
z z z z z z z z
.
z2 + z2
z z
2.
2 + 2 2
zz
z z
z = x + yi ,
2

2( x 2 y 2 )
x 2 + ( yi) 2 + 2 xyi + x 2 + ( yi) 2 2 xyi
2.

2
2
x 2 + y2
x 2 + y2

21

x 2 y2
1 ( x 2 + y 2 ) x 2 y 2 x 2 + y 2
2
2
x +y
2
x y 2 x 2 y 2
0 2 x 2
.

2
2
2
2
2
x y x +y
0 2 y
.
1

18. z1 =
u=

1
1
z 2 =
z1
z2

z1 z 2 1 ,

z z2
z1 + z 2
, v = 1
.
1 + z1 z 2
1 + z1 z 2

z = z z .

u = u v = v .

z1 =

z1

z2 =

1
z2

z 2 + z1
1
1
+
z + z2
z1z 2
z + z2
z
z2
u= 1
= 1
= 1
=
=u.
z1z 2 + 1 1 + z1 z 2
1 1
1 + z1 z 2
1+
z1 z 2
z1z 2

z 2 z1
1
1

z
z2
z1z 2
(z 1 z 2 )
z z2
v= 1
= 1
=
=
= v .
1 1
z1z 2 + 1
1 + z1z 2
1 + z1 z 2
1+
z1 z 2
z1z 2

A
1. z = + i 0 z

;
. z + z

. z - z

. z z

. - z z

. z + z
2. ,

. yy
. xx
. y = x
. y = - x
.

22

3. x, y R :

z1 = x + 2y - i

z2 = 11 - (4x - y) i

4. z z-i =

z3 - i

z+i

.
5. z1 z2
, ;
. z1 = - z2

B. z1 = z 2

. m (z1) + Im (z2) = 0

E.

6. =

. z1 = - z 2

z
R z .
z+i

19. :
) x 2 3x + 2 = 0

) x 2 2x + 3 = 0

) x +

1
= 1.
x

.
.
.

16 = i 2 16 = (4i) 2 = 4i .

) x 2 3x + 2 = 0 x =
) x 2 2 x + 3 = 0 x =

3 9 8 3 1
=
x = 2 x =1.
2
2

2 4 12 2 8 2 i 2 4.2 2 2i 2
=
=
=
=
2
2
2
2

2(1 i 2 )
= 1 i 2 .
2
) x 0 :
x+

1 1 4 1 3 1 i 3
1
= 1 x 2 +1 = x x 2 x +1 = 0 x =
=
=
.
2
2
2
x

20. 2x 2 + x + = 0 , , R , 3 + 2i ,
.

23

1 , 2
x 2 + x + = 0 0 , Vietta:

1 + 2 =
1 2 = .

2x 2 + x + = 0
3 + 2i , 3 2i , :

x 1 + x 2 = 2
6 = 2
= 12

= 26
x x =
13 =
1 2 2

A
1. z2 - 6z + = 0, R,
. i

. 1 - i

. 1 + i

. 2 - i

. 3 + i

2. x + x + 5 = 0, R
. - 3 + i

. 2 - i

. 1 - i

. 3 - i

. - 3 - i

3. z - z + = 0, , 2 + i
. = 6 = 5
. = 4 = 5

. = 4 = 1
. = 5 = 4

. = 3 = 4

4. z2 + z + =0, , R 2 - i.

) .

) .

21.
) z = z 2 ,

) z = z 3 .

z = x + yi , 2
x, y x, y, z.

) z = x + yi :

24

z = z 2 x yi = ( x + yi) 2 x yi = x 2 + ( yi) 2 + 2xyi x yi = x 2 y 2 + 2xyi

(2 x + 1) y = 0
2 x + 1 = 0 y = 0 (1)
( x 2 y 2 x ) + (2 x + 1) yi = 0 2

2
2
2
(2)
x y x = 0
x y x = 0

1
2 x + 1 = 0 , x = , (2) :
2

1
1
3
3
1
3
1
3
y2 + = 0 y2 = y =
. : z = +
i z=
i.
4
2
4
2
2 2
2 2

y = 0 , (2) : x 2 x = 0 x ( x 1) = 0 x = 0 x = 1 .
:

z = 0 z = 1.

) z = x + yi , : z = z 3 x yi = ( x + yi) 3
x yi = x 3 + 3x 2 yi + 3x ( yi) 2 + ( yi) 3 x yi = x 3 + 3x 2 yi 3xy 2 y 3 i
x yi = ( x 3 3xy 2 ) + (3x 2 y 2 ) yi
x 3 3xy 2 = x
2
(3x y 2 ) y = y

x ( x 2 3y 2 1) = 0

y(3x 2 y 2 + 1) = 0

x = 0

x 2 3y 2 1 = 0

y(3x 2 y 2 + 1) = 0

(2)

x = 0 , (2) : y(1 y 2 ) = 0 y = 0 y = 1 .
:

(1)

z = 0 z = i z = i .

x 2 = 3y 2 + 1 , (2) :
y[3(3y 2 + 1) y 2 + 1] y(8y 2 + 4) = 0 y = 0 . x 2 = 1 ,
x = 1 x = 1 z = 1 z = 1 .

A
1. )
z z + (z - z ) = 3 + 2i.
) z = -z2.
2. z = x + yi, x, y R, :

z2 + 2 z + 1 = 0.

25

22.
1

: ) Re z + = 5 Re(z)
z

) Im z + = 3 Im(z) .
z

z = x + yi
( ) x y.
: , ,
, , !

) z = x + yi .

1
x
y
= 2
2
i . :
2
z x +y
x + y2

1
x
1

= 5x x 2
Re z + = 5 Re(z) x + 2
4 = 0 x = 0
2
2
z
x +y

x +y

1
=4 x=0
2
x + y2

1
x +y = .
2
2

, yy O(0,0)
1
O(0,0) = .
2
y
y
1

) : Im z + = 3 Im(z) y 2
= 3y 4 y 2
=0
2
z
x + y2
x +y

1
1
1
=0 y=0 2
= 4 y = 0 x 2 + y2 = .
y 4 2
2
2
x +y
x +y
2

, x x O(0,0)
1
O(0,0) = .
2

1. z = x + yi, x, y R.

z + 8i
.
z+6
) x y, Im (w) = 0.
) x y, Re (w) = 0.
) ()
.
) .
) + i w =

26

2. z2 + z + =0, , R 2 - i.

) .
) .
3. z = + ( - 1) i
y = 4x + 1, R.
4.
1 (2z). 2 (2 z ),
3(-2z) 4 (-2 z ).

1234.
5. z = 2 + i z1, z2
y = x - 2 y = 2x - 1.

1. z = + i,

. z

1. 2
2. 2 + 2

. z + z

3. + i
. z - z
4. - i
. z z

5. 2i
6. 2 + i

27

 M
2.

z .

. z
2
. z


. z

1. xx
2. y = x
3. y = - x
4. x = 2
5. y = - 2

3. z (

1
,
2

1),
.

1
z

. - z

1. (-

1
, 1)
2

2
4
2. ( , - )
5
5

. iz

1 4
3. ( , )
2 5

28

4. (- 1,

1
)
2

2 4
5. ( , )
5 5

4. i
.

i
1. - i

. i13

2. i
. i

14

3. - 1
. i15

4. 0
5. 1

. i0

6. 2i

5. z = x + yi, x, y 0 c ,

,
z
.

29

. Re (z) = c

1. y = x + c

. Im (z) = c

2. y =

. Re (z) Im (z) = c

c
x

3. y = c
4. cx + y = 0
5. x = c

-
1. z = + i, , R z = 0, = 0 = 0.

3. z = + i , R, Re (z) = .

4. z = x + (y - 1) i m (z) = 0, y = 1.

11. z1 = + i , z2 C, z1 + z2 = 2, z2 = z1 .

12. Re(z)=2 z
x = 2.

2. z = + i 0,

1 1
1
= + i.
z

5. z1, z2 C Re (z1 + z2) = 0, Re (z1) + Re (z2) = 0.

yy.
7. i2 = - 1 i2003 = i.
8.
xx.
6.

9. z 0 z = 1.
10. 1, 2 z1 z2
xx
12,

z1 = z 2 .

30


13. m (z + i) = 8 z
y = 8.

14. x - 2x + = 0, R,

1 + i 1 - i.
15. x2 + x + = 0, 0, , , R

2 + i

5
.
2+i

16. x2 + x + = 0, , , , R*

C.
17. Re (z1z2) = 0 Re (z1) Re (z2) = 0.

1.

2.

z :
z+i
)
.
zi
z+i
)
.
z i
z1 , z 2

z1 z 1 z 2
.
1 z2
1
, x , y, , x , y
3. x + yi =
2 + + i
(3x 2) 2 + 9 y 2 = 1 .
z z
4. z, w w 0 ,
+ .
w w
5. z 3 + iz 2 + iz 2i 1 = 0 ,
.
z =

6.

z+i z+i z+i

:
+1 = 0 .
+
+
z i z i z i

7.

w = x + yi w = x yi
z 2 + z + = 0 , , .

8.

z = (1 + i) (1 i) , .

2 + 2 + 2 + ( + + )i = + i , , , , ,
== .

, , , x, y * ,
10. x + yi =
+ + i
2
2
( 1)( x + y 2 ) + 2 = 2 x .
9.

31

z = x + yi . z
2
2
z , | z | = x + y 0 .

M( x, y)
z = x + yi ,

OM
,
,

M(x,y)

|z|

| OM | = z = x + y 0 .
2

| 3 4i | = 3 2 + (4) 2 = 5 .

z ,
z = x + 0i = x , | z | = x 2 + 0 2 = | x | ,
x.

z ,

z = 0 + yi = y , | z | = 0 2 + y 2 = | y | .

! z1 = z 2 z1 = z 2 ,

! ,
, .

:
,
!

32

x = , > 0 ,
x = x = .

! :

z = , > 0 ,


, z = > 0 ,
!

1 (): z = x 2 + y 2 = x 2 + y 2 = 2 .
2 (): z = OM = ,
z ,
> 0 .

1. | z | = | z | = | z |= z ,

5.

z
z1
= 1 ,
z2
z2

2. | z |2 = z z ,
6. | z 1 z 2 ... z | = | z 1 || z 2 | ... | z | ,
3. z 0 ,
7. | z | = | z |
4. | z 1 z 2 | = | z 1 | | z 2 | ,

,

z1 + z 2
z1 z 2 :

|| z 1 | | z 2 || | z 1 + z 2 | | z 1 | + | z 2 |

y
M2(z2)

M(z1+z2)

M1(z1)
x

OM = ( OM ) = z 1 + z 2

N(z1 z2 )
M3(z2)

33

ON = M 2 M 1 = ( M 1 M 2 ) = z 1 z 2

: !!!
ON M 2 M 1 .
:

1.

, : (M 1M 2 ) = | z1 z 2 |

| z (2 + i) |= 3 (1).
z
2 + i , (1)
()=3, z

3, (1)
K (2,1) = 3 .

2.

, : | z z 0 |= ,

K(2,1)

> 0 ,

K (z 0 ) .

z = x + yi z 0 = + i ,
( x ) 2 + ( y ) 2 = 2 .

:
| z z 0 |= ( x + yi) ( + i) = ( x ) + ( y )i =

( x ) 2 + ( y ) 2 = ( x ) 2 + ( y ) 2 = 2 ,
(,) > 0 .

| z z 0 |= , > 0 0 ,
, :
1
1
1

z 0 = z z 0 = z z 0 = ,

z 0 = . :

| z z 0 |= (z

34

x + y = , z = x + yi z 0 = + i .

| z (1 + 2i) | = | z (1 + 3i) | (2).

z,
1+ 2i , 1+ 3i ,
(2) ()=(),
z
(1,2) (-1,3),

K .

y
B(1,3)
A(1,2)

3.

, | z z1 | = | z z 2 |
A(z1 ) B(z 2 ) , z1 z 2 .

:
z = x + yi , z1 = + i z 2 = + i , :
| z z1 | = | z z 2 | ( x + yi) ( + i) = ( x + yi) ( + i)
( x ) 2 + ( y ) 2 = ( x ) 2 + ( y ) 2 ( x ) 2 + ( y ) 2 = ( x ) 2 + ( y ) 2
x 2 2x + 2 + y 2 2 y + 2 = x 2 2x + 2 + y 2 2y + 2
2( ) x + 2( ) y = 0 ( ) x + ( ) y = 0 (3), z1 z 2 ,

(3) ,
(, ) ( , ) .

| z z1 | = | z z 2 | 0 ,
, :
1
1
1
1
| z z1 | = | z z 2 | z z1 = z z 2 z z1 = z z1 ,

1
A z1

1
B z 2 .

| z z1 | = | z z 2 | , 0 ,
( ), !

35

4.

, ,
( )
2
z = z z ,
.

5.

z = , > 0 , :
2

z = z = 2 z z = 2 z =

2
2
= 2 z 1 z =
= 2 ( z ) 1 .
z
z

z z 1 z .
2
z = 1 , : z = 1 z = 12 z z = 12

z=

1
1
= z 1 z = = ( z ) 1 .
z
z

! ,
2
x = x 2 ,
2

z = z 2 , !
2

z = z z .

6.

z = z 2 , z ,
2

z = z 2 , z !

z = 0

z = z z z = z z z z = 0 z( z z) = 0 z .
z = z

z=0

z = z z z = z z z + z = 0 z( z + z) = 0 z .
z = z

36

-
1. z - z = z .

2. z1, z2 C z 1 + z 2 = z 1 + z 2 .

3. z - z 1 = z - z 2 , z C, -

(z1) B (z2).
4. z - z 1 = z - z 2 z C

z1, z2 C .
5. z - z 0 = , > 0

(z0) .
6.

2 + 3i z = 4.
7.

z - 2 = 4.

1. z = x + yi ;
. z = z
. z =

. z 2 = z2

. z = - z

x 2 + (-y 2 )

. z 2 = z

2. z 1 = 3 z2 = 4 + 3i z 1 + z 2
. 5

. 8

. 9

. 12

. 14

3. z1 = 2 - z 2 = 5 z 1 z 2
. 2

B. 3

. 5

. 7

E. 10

4. z = 3 + yi z = 5, y
. 5

B.

. - 4

E. 3

5. (x, y) z = x + yi

z - 3 = 5,
.

B.

.
37

 M
.

E.

6. z - (1 + 2i) = 4
. (- 1, 2) 4
B. (1, - 2) 2
. (1, - 2) 4
. (1, 2) 2
E. (1, 2) 4
7. ( )

10.
. z =

2 + 3i

. z = 8 + 6i

B. z =

3 +i 7

E. z =

2 +i 8

. z = 2 - i 8

8. z

z - 2 = z - i
. yy
B. y = x
. xx
. (2, 0) (0, 1)
E. (0, 2) (1, 0)
9. (2, 1) 3
z
. z - (2 - i) = 3

B. z - (1 + 2i) = 3

. z - (2 + i) = 9

. z - (2 + i) = 3

E. z + (2 + i) = 3

10. z

. z + 1 < 1 z + i < 1
B. z 1 < 1 z + i < 1
. z 1 > 1 z i > 1
. z 1 < 1 z i < 1

. z + 1 < 1 z i < 1

11. z 2 = z i

y = x,

. 1
B. - 1
. 2
. - 2
E. 4
12. z1, z2, z3
,

z z 1 = z z 2 = z z 3 z
. 2

B. 3

. 1

. 4

. 0
38


13. z


. z 2 < 2 z 3 < 1
B. z 2 < 2 z 3 > 1
. z + 2 < 2 z 3 > 1
. z + 2 < 2 z + 3 > 1

. z 2 > 2 z 3 < 1

3
1
i,
+
2
2
.

1. z = -

1
.
z
. 1 - z 20
.

(z) 31
2 - z2

1.

2.

3.

4.

1
2

5.

2. z
.

. (2, 1)
3
.
(2, 0),
(0, - 1)
. (0, 0)
3

1.

z+2+i = 3

2.

z =3

3.

z2i = 3

4.

z +2 = zi

39

5.

z2 = z+i

3.
z .

1.

z = 2, Im (z) 0
Re (z) 0

2.

z - 2 = 2 Im (z) 0

3.

z = 2 Re (z) 0

4.

z + 2 = 2 Re (z) < 0

40

2
2
2
2
z = x + yi , | z | = x + y | z | = x + ( yi) !!!

1,2.

1. :
1+ i,

1 i ,

3 + 4i ,

(1 i) 2 (1 + i) 4 ,

3 4i ,

(2 i) (1 + 2i)

1+ i
,
1 i

5i ,

4,

3+i
.
4 3i

:
| 1 + i |= 12 + 12 = 2 =| 1 i | , | z |=| z |
| 3 + 4i |= 3 2 + 4 2 = 25 = 5 =| 3 4i |
| 5i |= 0 2 + (5) 2 = 25 = 5
| 4 |= 4 ,

1+ i |1+ i |
= 1 , | 1 + i |=| 1 i |
=
1 i |1 i |
2

| (1 i) 2 (1 + i) 4 |=| 1 i | 2 | 1 + i | 4 = 2 2 = 2 2 2 = 2 3 = 8
2

| (2 i) (1 + 2i) =| 2 i | | 1 + 2i |= 2 2 + (1) 2 12 + 2 2 = 5 5 = 5 = 5

3+i
|3+ i|
3 2 + 12
10
10
=
=
=
=
.
2
2
4 3i | 4 3i |
5
25
4 + (3)

2. :
2

1 + i 1 i + i
, , | | + | | 0 .
(1 + i) ,
,
,
1 i 1 + i i
2

| (1 + i) 2 |=| 1 + i | 2 = 2 = 2
2

1+ i
1 + i

=
1 i
1 i

|1 + i |
= 12 = 1
=
|1 i |

41

 M
2

|1 i |
1 i
1 i
= 12 = 1
=

=
1+ i
1+ i
|1 + i |

+ i
| + i |
+ i

=
= 12 = 1
=
i
i
| i |

1. :

2+i
(1 i) 2
) z =
+ 2 - 4i
1 - 3i
1+ i
2. :
) z =

2+i
) z =

1 - 3i

2+i 5
, .
) z =

3. :

) z = x i

) z = 1 x + ix .

4. z,

1
1
1
=

,
z i i

, , .

3. z = x + yi :
)

| z 1|= z

| z + i | = 2z .

)
!
| z 1 | 0 ,
, z = x , x 0 , :
1
1
| z 1 |= z | x 1 |= x x 1 = x x 1 = x x = . , z = .
2
2
)

| z + i |= 2z , 2z .

z = x , x 0 , y = 0 , : | z + i |= 2z | x + i |= 2x x 2 + 1 = 2 x
x 2 + 1 = 4x 2 3x 2 = 1 x 2 =
:

1
3
3
x=
, x 0 . , z =
.
3
3
3

z = x + yi , :

42

) | z 1 |= z | ( x 1) + yi |= x + yi ( x 1) 2 + y 2 = x + yi
1

( x 1) 2 + y 2 = x
| x 1 |= x
1
x =

2 . , z = .
2
y = 0
y = 0
y = 0
) z = x + yi .

1. z = x + yi :
) | z 2 | = 2z + 1
) | z 3i | = 2z .
2. z = x + yi :
) | z 3i | = ( z ) 2 .
) | 3z | = 5z + 2

,
z 1 z 2 = ( AB ) , ,
z 1 , z 2 .

4,5,6,7,8,9.

4. z :
) | z | = 1
) 1 < | z | < 2

) | z i | = 1
) | z | 2 .

| z + 1 + 2i | = 3

) | z |= 1 , z O(0,0) 1. , z
=1,
x 2 + y2 = 1.
) | z i |= 1 , z i ( (0,1))
1. , z (0,1)
= 1 , : x 2 + ( y 1) 2 = 1 .

) , | z + 1 + 2i |= 3 , | z (1 2i) |= 3 , z
1 2i 3. , z
K (1, 2) = 3 , ( x + 1) 2 + ( y + 2) 2 = 9 .
) 1 <| z |< 2 , z O(0,0)
1 = 1 2 = 2 .
) | z | 2 , z O(0,0)
=2 .

5. z :

43

| z + 1 | = | z 2i |

| z i |>| z +1|

) | z + 1 |=| z 2i || z (1) |=| z 2i | . , z

1 + 0i 0 + 2i , A(1,0) B(0,2)
. z .

) | z i |>| z + 1 || z i |>| z (1) | . , z

i, 1 + 0i .
z
, (0, 1) (1, 0) .

6!!!

6. z , | z (2 + 2i) |= 2 :
) z .
) | z | .

) | z (2 + 2i) |= 2 z
K (2,2)
2 . ,
K (2,2) = 2 ,
( x 2) 2 + ( y 2) 2 = 2 .
) | z | M (z)
y=x
y
O(0,0) , OM .
B
, ,
O A B ,
K(2,2)
(
OA
)

(
OM
)

(
OB
)
,

(z)
A
| z | (OB)
(OA) .
x

OK
( x 2) 2 + ( y 2) 2 = 2 ,
A, B .
OK y y 0 = ( x x 0 ) , ( x 0 , y 0 ) ,
.
O(0,0) , x 0 = 0 y 0 = 0 .
y yO 2 0
= K
=
= 1 ,
xK xO 2 0
O(0,0) K (2,2) , OK :
y 0 = ( x 0) y = x . , A B

44

( x 2) 2 + ( y 2) 2 = 2

,
y=x

(1,1) (3,3) . , | z | (OB) = 3 2 + 3 2 = 3 2

(OA) = 12 + 12 = 2 .

7. z, | z 4i | = 2 ,
;

| z 4i |= 2
M(z) K (0,4) 2.
K (0,4)
= 2 .

z 1 = 2i
z 2 = 6i .

(0,6)
(0,4)
(0,2)
O

| z z1 | = | z z 2 | , 0 ,
( ),
! 8 .

8. z | 2z 1 | = | z 2 | ,
z O(0,0) = 1 .

! : ( )
: | 2z 1 |=| z 2 || 2z 1 | 2 =| z 2 | 2 (2z 1)(2z 1) = (z 2)(z 2)
4zz 2z 2 z + 1 = zz 2z 2 z + 4 3zz = 3 zz = 1 | z | 2 = 1 | z |= 1 .

, z .
! :
z = x + yi , : | 2z 1 | = | z 2 | 2( x + yi) 1 = x + yi 2
(2 x 1) + 2 yi = ( x 2) + yi (2 x 1) 2 + (2 y) 2 = ( x 2) 2 + y 2

4x 2 4x + 1 + 4 y 2 = x 2 4 x + 4 + y 2 3x 2 + 3y 2 = 3 x 2 + y 2 = 1 .
, z .

9!!!

9. z ,

: | z + 1 | = | z + 4i | . z
.

45

| z + 1 | = | z + 4i |
| z (1 + 0i) | = | z (0 4i) | ,

A(1,0) B(0,4) .

.
z = x + yi , :

y
(-1,0) O
x

15 60
, )
34 34

(0,-4)

| z + 1 |=| z + 4i || ( x + 1) + yi |=| x + ( y + 4)i | ( x + 1) 2 + y 2 = x 2 + ( y + 4) 2

( x + 1) 2 + y 2 = x 2 + ( y + 4) 2 x 2 + 2 x + 1 + y 2 = x 2 + y 2 + 8y + 16
15
1
2x + 1 = 8y + 16 y = x . ,
8
4
1
15
: y = x .
4
8

.
O(0,0)
1
15
: y = x , = 4 , y y 0 = ( x x 0 )
4
8
x 0 = y 0 = 0 = 4 , y = 4x

y = 4 x

1
15 ,
y = 4 x 8
60
15 60
15
i
, . z =
34 34
34
34
2

15 60
z = + .
34 34
:
z
,
. . !
6 7
!
. !

1. z :

- 2 Re (z) 2

(1)

Im (z) 2

(2)

z 2

(3)

46

z .
2. z
:
) z + 1 - i = 3
) z - 1 - i < 4
) 1 < z - 1 + i < 2
3.

z = x + yi, x, y R

.
) ,

:
i) (x - 3)2 + (y - 2)2 = 9
2
2
ii) 3x + 2y = 4

y
K

4 x

iii) z - 3 + 2i = 4
2

iv) x + y - 6x - 4y + 9 = 0
v) z - 3 - 2i = 2

) .
4. z
2 z - 1 = z - 4 (0, 0)
2.
5.
()


z=x+yi, x,yR .
) ,

:
2
2
i) x - i = y + 4

()

y
2
1
0

4 x

47

ii) z - i = z - 4
iii) z - 1 - z - 4 = 0

15
2
v) Re (z) = 2Im (z)
vi) 8Re (z) = 15 + 2Im (z)
) .
iv) y = 4x -

10, 11
!

10. z1 z 2 :
) z1 z 2 + z1z 2 = 2 Re(z1 z 2 ) = 2 Re( z1 z 2 )
) | z1 + z 2 |2 =| z1 |2 + | z 2 |2 +2 Re(z1 z 2 ) =| z1 |2 + | z 2 |2 +2 Re( z1 z 2 )
) | z1 z 2 |2 =| z1 |2 + | z 2 |2 2 Re(z1 z 2 ) =| z1 |2 + | z 2 |2 2 Re( z1 z 2 )

) z + z = 2 Re(z) , z.
: z1z 2 + z1z 2 = z1z 2 + z1 z 2 = z1z 2 + (z1z 2 ) = 2 Re(z1z 2 )
z1 z 2 + z1z 2 = z1 z 2 + z1z 2 = ( z1z 2 ) + z1z 2 = 2 Re( z1z 2 ) .
) | z1 + z 2 | = (z1 + z 2 )( z1 + z 2 ) = z1 z1 + z1 z 2 + z 2 z1 + z 2 z 2 =
=| z1 |2 + | z 2 |2 +2 Re(z1 z 2 ) =| z1 |2 + | z 2 |2 +2 Re( z1z 2 )
) | z1 z 2 | 2 = (z1 z 2 )( z1 z 2 ) = z1 z1 z1 z 2 z 2 z1 + z 2 z 2 =
= z1 z1 + z 2 z 2 (z1 z 2 + z 2 z1 ) = | z1 |2 + | z 2 |2 2 Re(z1z 2 ) =
| z1 |2 + | z 2 |2 2 Re( z1z 2 )
2

11. z1 z 2
| z1 + z 2 | 2 + | z1 z 2 | 2 = 2 | z1 | 2 +2 | z 2 | 2 .

:
z 1 = x 1 + y1i z 2 = x 2 + y 2 i . : z 1 + z 2 = ( x 1 + x 2 ) + ( y1 + y 2 )i
z 1 z 2 = ( x 1 x 2 ) + ( y y 2 )i . :

| z 1 + z 2 | 2 + | z 1 z 2 | 2 = ( x 1 + x 2 ) 2 + ( y1 + y 2 ) 2 + ( x 1 x 2 ) 2 + ( y1 y 2 ) 2 =
= 2( x 12 + y12 ) + 2( x 22 + y 22 ) = 2 | z 1 | 2 +2 | z 2 | 2 .
: 10
: | z1 + z 2 |2 =| z1 |2 + | z 2 |2 +2 Re(z1 z 2 ) (1)
| z1 z 2 |2 =| z1 |2 + | z 2 |2 2 Re(z1 z 2 ) (2).
(1) (2) :

48

| z1 + z 2 | 2 + | z1 z 2 | 2 = 2 | z1 | 2 +2 | z 2 | 2

1.

z + w = z = w 0 , z w = 3 z .

2.

z1 z 2 :

3.

| z1 + z 2 |2 | z1 z 2 |2 = 4 Re(z1 z 2 ) = 4 Re( z1z 2 ) .

z1 z 2 0 :

4.

z1
0.
z2
z1 z 2 0 :
| z1 + z 2 |= z1 + z 2

| z1 z 2 |= z1 + z 2

z1
0.
z2

: z + z + z z = 2 z z .

5.

12!

12, 13, 14, 15.

12. z | z | = 1 ,
w w = 2z + 1 .

z
| z | = 1 , z
O(0,0) = 1 ,
w
z.
:
z = + i ,
2 + 2 = 1 2 + 2 = 1 (1) w = x + yi .
x y. :
x = 2 + 1

w = 2z + 1 x + yi = 2( + i) + 1 x + yi = (2 + 1) + 2i
y = 2

( 2) .

! x y,

49

(1) ,
.
x 1

= 2

(2) : .
= y

x 1 y
(1) :
+ =1
2 2
( x 1) 2 y 2
+
= 1 ( x 1) 2 + y 2 = 2 2 ,
4
4
w K (1,0) = 1 .

13. z O(0,0)
= 1 ,
2z i
.
w =
iz + 2

!
11.

z = + i , 2 + 2 = 1 (1) w = x + yi .
2z i
2( + i) i
x y. : w =
x + yi =
iz + 2
i ( + i ) + 2
2 + 2i i 2 + (2 1)i [2 + (2 1)i] [(2 ) i]
=
=
x + yi =
=
(2 ) + i
[(2 ) + i] [(2 ) i]
i + i 2 + 2
4 2 2 2 i + 4 i 2 2 i 2i + i + i 2
=
(2 ) 2 (i) 2
2( 2 + 2 ) + 4 2 +
2( 2 + 2 ) + 5 2
3
3
=
+
=
+
i
i
(2 ) 2 + 2
( 2 ) 2 + 2
4 4 + ( 2 + 2 )
4 4 + ( 2 + 2 )
(1) :
3
5 4
3
5 4
y =
.
x + yi =
+
i , x =
5 4 5 4
5 4
5 4
=

x 2 + y 2 = 1 . : x 2 + y 2 =
=

9 2
(5 4) 2
=
+
(5 4) 2 (5 4) 2

9 2
(5 4) 2 9 2 + 25 2 40 + 16 9(1 2 ) + 25 2 40 + 16
+
=
=
=
(5 4) 2 (5 4) 2
(5 4) 2
(5 4) 2

9 9 2 + 25 2 40 + 16 16 2 40 + 25
=
=
= 1.
(5 4) 2
16 2 40 + 25

50

14. M1 M 2 z1 z 2
4
, : M 1
z1
O(0,0) 4, M 2 .

z 1 = x 1 + y1i z 2 = x 2 + y 2 i . M 1
x 2 + y 2 = 4 2 x 12 + y12 = 16 . (1)
z 2 = z1 +

:
4( x y i)
4
4
x 2 + y 2 i = x 1 + y1i + 21 21
z 2 = z1 + x 2 + y 2 i = x 1 + y1i +
z1
x 1 + y1i
x 1 + y1
4( x 1 y 1 i )
x y
( (1)). x 2 + y 2 i = x 1 + y1i + 1 1 i
4 4
16
5x
3y i
5x
4x 2
3y
x 2 + y 2 i = 1 + 1 . , x 2 = 1 y 2 = 1 , x 1 =
4
4
4
4
5
4y
y1 = 2 (2). x 1 y1 (1)
3
2
2
x 2 y2
16 x 22 16 y 22
4x 2 4 y 2
:
+
= 16 2 + 2 = 1 . ,
= 16
+
25
9
25 9
5 3
M 2 2 = 10 E (4,0) ,
E(4,0) .
x 2 + y 2 i = x 1 + y 1i +

15. x ,
z, z =

1 + xi
.
x +i

1 + xi | 1 + xi |
1+ x 2
1 + xi
=
=
= 1 .
, | z |=
2
x +i
x +i
| x +i|
x +1
z .

z=

| z |= 1 ,

!

!

1. z

z + 2i
.
z +1

3
= 2
z

.

2. z z +

51

1
= 2
z

.
4. . z 3 , z + 4i 1 .
3. z 3z +

. z, z 3
.
5. z i = 2 z + i :

) . z
.
)
2 3
w =
i.
3
z
6. z = x + yi 0 w = . . w.
z

z = , > 0 , :
2

2
2
= 2 z 1 z =
= 2 ( z ) 1 .
z
z

z = 1,
:

z = z = 2 z z = 2 z =

z = 1 z = 12 z z = 12 z =

1
1
= z 1 z = = ( z ) 1 .
z
z

16. z1 , z 2 ,..., z | z1 | = | z 2 | = ... = | z | = 1 ,

: | z1 + z 2 + ... + z | =

1
1
1
.
+
+ ... +
z1 z 2
z

z3 =

| z 1 |=| z 2 |=| z 3 |= ... =| z |= 1

z1 =

1
,
z1

z2 =

1
,
z2

1
1
1 1
1
,..., z =
.
+ + ... +
=| z1 + z 2 + ... + z |=
z1 z 2
z
z
z3

= z 1 + z 2 + ... + z =| z 1 + z 2 + ... + z | , | z |=| z | .

1.

z1 , z 2 , z 3

z1 = z 2 = z 3 = 1 ,

z1 + z 2 + z 3 = 1 z1 z 2 z 3 = 1 .

52

1 1 1
+ + =1
z1 z 2 z 3

) z1 , z 2 , z 3 .
2. z1z 2 , z 3 * , z1 = z 2 = z 3 =
> 0 z1 + z 2 + z 3 = .

1
1
1 1
+
+
= .
z1 z 2 z 3

3. z1z 2 ,..., z , z1 = z 2 = ... = z = > 0

z1 + z 2 + ... + z = .

(
(
(

z = + i z = i .

z z = z .
z z = z .
17, 18, 19.

17.
:

1 1
1
+ + ... +
= 2.
z1 z 2
z

| z | = 1 ,

z,

z 1 .
z 1
w=

z +1

z 1
z 1
=

z +1
z +1
( z 1)(z + 1) = (z 1)( z + 1) zz + z z 1 = zz z + z + 1 2zz = 2 zz = 1

: w w = w

| z | 2 = 1 | z |= 1 .

18. z z 0 . : w = z +

, z | z | = 1 .

1
1
: w R w = w z + = z + z 2 z + z = zz 2 + z
z
z
zz ( z z) ( z z) = 0 (zz 1)(z z) = 0 zz = 1 z = z | z |= 1 z R .

19. z z i , * . :
w=

z + i
, z .
iz +

53

: w w = w

( z + i )
z i
=

iz +
iz +

izz + z + z 2 i = izz z z 2 i 2z = 2z z = z z .

1. z 1 . w =

z 1
,
z +1

z = 1 .
z1 + z 2
.
1 + z1 z 2
z
3. z1 , z 2 * z1 + z 2 = z1 z 2 , 1 .
z2
1
1
4. z = 1 z + , z .
z
z
5. z1 , z 2 , z 3 z1 = z 2 = z 3 = 1 , z1 + z 2 + z 3 = z1 z 2 + z 2 z 3 + z 3 z1
2. z1 = z 2 = 1 , z =

1 + z1 z 2 z 3 0 . w =

z1 + z 2 + z 3
.
1 + z1 z 2 z 3

6. z + i = z i , z .
7. z1 , z 2 ,
z z z
w = 1 1 2 .
1 z2
8. z 0 , z 1 + z 2 + ... + z 2 + z + 1 = 0 ,
1
w = z + , .
z
z 1
9. z {1} w =
, 2 ,
z +1
z = 1 .

(
, ,
( )
2
z = z z ,

20. z 8 = z 2 , Re(z) = 5 .

54

z 8 = z 2 ,
2

: z 8 = z 2 (z 8) ( z 8) = (z 2) ( z 2)
zz 8z 8z + 64 = zz 2z 2z + 4 6z 6 z = 60 z + z = 10 2 Re(z) = 10
Re(z) = 5 .

1. z C z + 9 = 3 z + 1 , z = 3.
2. z C z 10 = 3 z 2 , z 1 = 3.
3. z C z + 16 = 4 z + 1 , z = 4.
4. z C 7 z i = i z + 7 , z = 1 .
5. zC {1,1} z i = i z + , z = 1

.
6. zC {1,1} z 1 = z , z = 1

.
7. z1 = z 2 = 1 , z1 z 2 = 1 z1 z 2 .
8.

z + i = z + i , zC , ,

Im(z) =

+
.
2
2

9. z1 , z 2 , z1 z 2 + 1 + z1 z 2 = 1 + z1

) (1 + z ).
2

21. z1 , z 2 ,..., z :
z i
z1 i z 2 i
+
+"+
< 1 ,
z1 + i z 2 + i
z + i
.

z1 , z 2 ,..., z , z , ,

z i z + i

z i z i
=
=1,
z + i z + i

55

.
z i
z1 i z 2 i
z i
+
+"+
+"+
1 , .
z1 + i z 2 + i
z + i
z + i

22. z :
2 | z | | Re(z) | + | Im(z) | .

z = x + yi ,
2 | z |= 2 x 2 + y 2 = 2( x 2 + y 2 ) | Re(z) | + | Im(z) |=| x | + | y | .

2( x 2 + y 2 ) | x | + | y | 2( x 2 + y 2 ) ( x + y ) 2

2x 2 + 2 y 2 x 2 + y 2 + 2 | x | | y | x 2 + y 2 2 | x | | y | x 2 + y 2 2 | x | | y | 0
| x |2 + | y |2 2 | x | | y | 0 (| x | | y |) 0 , .
2

| | z 1 | | z 2 || | z 1 + z 2 | | z 1 | + | z 2 |
23!!!

23. z z + 4i 1 ,
z 3 .

: || z1 | | z 2 | | | z1 + z 2 | | z1 | + | z 2 |

z 3 = z + 4i 4i 3 = (z + 4i) + (3 4i) = (3 4i) + (z + 4i) .

z1 = 3 4i z 2 = z + 4i
| z1 + z 2 | | z1 | + | z 2 | , :
z 3 = (3 4i) + (z + 4i) 3 4i + z + 4i (3) 2 + (4) 2 + z + 4i .

(1)

z + 4i 1 , (1) : z 3 (3) 2 + (4) 2 + 1 = 25 + 1 = 6 ,

z 3 6 , z 3 6.

z 3 = (3 4i) + (z + 4i) . z1 = 3 4i z 2 = z + 4i
,
| z1 + z 2 | || z1 | | z 2 | | :

56

z 3 = (3 4i) + (z + 4i) 3 4i z + 4i (3) 2 + (4) 2 z + 4i .(2)

z + 4i 1 , (2) : z 3 25 1 = 4 , z 3 4 ,

z 3 4, : 4 z 3 6 .

!!!
z1 !

! ()
z + 4i 1 z (0 4i) 1 , M ( x , y) z = x + yi

K (0,4) w = 0 4i , (MK ) 1 ,
z
1.
z 3 = z (3 + 0i) ,
A(3,0) .
,
=1.
,
.
: y y 0 = ( x x 0 ) , x 0 = 3 y 0 = 0 =

40 4
= ,
03
3

4
y 0 = ( x 3) (1), x 2 + ( y + 4) 2 = 1 (2).
3
(1) (2) .

1. z 1 < z 2 Re(z) <

3
.
2

2. z 1 1 z 2 = 1 Re(z) > 0 1 z 3 .
3. z + 3 < z 4 Re(z) <

1
.
2

4. z + i < z i Im(z) < 0 .

5. z1 , z 2 ,..., z :
z + z + ... + z i
z i
z1 i z 2 i
< 1 , 1 2
<1.
+"+
+
z1 + i z 2 + i
z + i
z1 + z 2 + ... + z + i

6. z 2 i 5 , 8 z 14 6i 18 .
7. z 1 i < 5 , 10 z 10 13i 20 .

24. z | z | = 1 ,
A = | 1 + z | 2 + | 1 z | 2 .
.

57

:
A = (1 + z)(1 + z ) + (1 z)(1 z ) = = 1 + z + z + zz + 1 z z + zz = 2(1 + zz ) =
= 2(1+ | z | 2 ) = 2 2 = 4 .
y

, z, 1
1, , :
K(-1)

| 1 + z |2 = z (1 + 0i) = MK 2 ,
2

M(z)

(1) x

| 1 z |2 = z 1 = z (1 + 0i) = M2
4 = K2 ., | 1 + z |2 + | 1 z |2 = 4 MK 2 + M2 = K2 ,
. ,
.

1. z1 , z 2 , z 3 A1 , A 2 , A 3
(0,1) , :

) A1A 2 A 3 z1 + z 2 + z 3 = 0 .
) z z = 3 ,
2

PA1 + PA 2 + PA 3 = 30 .
2. z1 , z 2 , z 3 , z 4 A, , ,

+ .

1. z z + z = 2 + i.
2. =

z 1
, z z - 1, z = 1.
z +1

3. z
z 3
z 4. ;
4. z z =
5. C :

1
= z -1 .
z

z + z + 1 + i = 0.

6. z : 1 - z > z , Re (z) <

1
.
2

58

7. z1 , z 2 ,..., z :
1
2

(z1 z 2 ... z ) =

z1 z 2 ... z .

8. z , : z 2 + z + 1 = 0 z = z + 1 = 1 .
9.

z, w ,

z + w = 1+ z w z = 1

w =1.

10.
. ,
z1
= 3 + 4i, z2 = x + yi z3 = +
i
:
) 3 + 4 = 0.
) z2 z3.
11. z1 , z 2 , z12 + z 22 = 0 , :

)
)

z1 = z 2
.
z1 + z 2 = z1 z 2

12. z, w , q : z + w + q = 0

z 2 + w 2 + q 2 = 0 , z = w = q .
13. z, w , q z 2 + w 2 + q 2 = z w + w q + q z ,

z w = w q = q z .
14. z, w z + w = z = w ,
2

z z
+ + 1 = 0 .
w w
15. z z + 2 4i 2 ,

z 4 .
16. z = (2x 3) + (2 y 1)i , x , y . 2z 1 + 3i = 3 ,

M( x, y) .
1 1 1
+ =
* . z
z z

(0,0) .

17. z = x + yi 0

18. z = x + yi 0 w =

2z 1
.
z2
59

 M
2

) w , z z = Re(z) .
) M( x, y) w .
1
+ i

* . * w = w 1 ,
z .

19. z, w , w 1 w = z zi w 1 =

z2
. w
z 1
, M ( x , y)
.
21. z = x + yi , w = + 2i , u = 2 + i , * .
) z = w 2 , z (c1 )
20. z = x + yi y 0 w =

* .
) z = u 2 , z (c 2 )
* .
) (c1 ) (c 2 )
.
22. z1 , z 2 , z 3 C \ R z1 + z 2 + z 3 = z12 + z 22 + z 32 = 0 , :

. z1 = z 2 = z 3 ,

. z13 = z 32 = z 33 .

23. z C {0} z + z + z z = 2 z , z R .
24. z 2 5z + 15 z 2 z 3 + z 3 7 2 z 3 14 z C .
25. ln z + e 2 = 1 + ln z + 1 z = e .

z+4
26. Im
= 0 ,
z+3
z z 3 .
27. (7 i) z + (7 + i)z = 4. z 0
z 0 .
28. M1 , M 2 , M 3 z1 , z 2 , z 3
. M1 , M 2 , M 3
z1 z 2 + z 2 z 3 + z 3 z1 .
29. z1 , z 2 z1 = z 2 = Re(z1 z 2 = 1 .

.
30. z = 1 + i w w = 2 z . w
z w : . ,

. .

.
31. z1 , z 2 C* z1 = z 2 . (z1 + z 2 ) 2

60

(z1 z 2 ) 2 , ,, ,
.
1
32. z C z + i + z i = 2 ( z + 1) , z + = 2 .
z
z i
33. z C z i
< 1 , Im(z) > 0 .
z+i
34. z1 , z 2 , z 3 C z1 = z 2 = z 3 = 1 z1 + z 2 + z 3 = 3 ,
z1 = z 2 = z 3 .
35. z C z + i + z 2 = 2 ( z + 1) , z +
36. f (z) =
2

f (z) f (r ) =
2

1
=2.
z

+ z
, C . z = r ,
1+ z

r2

.
(r 2 1) 2
37. z, w ,
(i z)(i + w )

. :
w z
2
2
1. : ( w 1)(z + z ) = ( z 1)( w + w ) .
2. i,i, z, w .
38. x 4 + x + = 0 , , R 1
, 1. 2 + 2 = 1 .
3 5

39. f (z) = 2 + i z zi , z = x + yi , x , y R .
2 2

i. Re f (z), Im f (z) .
ii. f(z).
iii. f (z) = x 2 y 5 .
iv.
z = x + iy , f (z) = 5 .
40. (z )(z 2 2z + 2) = 0 Re() > 1 ,
.
i. .
ii. ,
MA 2 + MB 2 + M 2 MA MB + MB + = 0 .
41. z.
1. z 1 , max z 3 min z 3 .

2. z 5 2 , max z min z .
3. z + 3i 1 , max z 4 min z 4 .
4. z +

1
= 1 , max z .
z

61