(development of an optimisation tool)

COLE POLY TECHNI QUE

FDRALE DE LAUSANNE
Standardization of civil engineering works of
small hydropower plants
M. Andaroodi
Lausanne 30.06.2005
Intake
Penstock
Forebay
Channel
Settling basin
COLE POLY TECHNI QUE
FDRALE DE LAUSANNE
SECTIONS
Purpose
Scope of work
Intake
Settling basin
Next steps
COLE POLY TECHNI QUE
FDRALE DE LAUSANNE
Purpose
Scope of work
Intake
Settling basin
Next steps
PURPOSE
Standardization of main structures of SHP as a
function of design parameters (e.g. Q) with focus
on high head power plants
Development of typical design drawings for the
main hydraulic structures
Implementation of the standardized structures in a
general applicable optimization tool for the layout of
the hydropower plant
COLE POLY TECHNI QUE
FDRALE DE LAUSANNE
Purpose
Scope of work
Intake
Settling basin
Next steps
SCOPE OF WORK
Standardization of civil engineering works
of small hydropower plants
Design criteria for the
main components of SHP
Intake Settling basin Canal Forebay basin Penstock
of design parameters
Standardization as a function
Standardization of geometry:
Dimension of structures
Construction details
Civil works:
Concrete volume
Sample design drawings
Formwork surface
Reinforcement
Estimation of excavation
Construction cost functions
COLE POLY TECHNI QUE
FDRALE DE LAUSANNE
Purpose
Scope of work
Intake
Settling basin
Next steps
SCOPE OF WORK
Existing optimization tool ''POPEHYE'' :
Review and generalization
Preparation of an english version
structures and costs in
Implementation of standardized
optimization strategies
Derivation of general rules
for optimization tools
Design charts, tables and drawings
Recommendations
Final results
Forebay
Settling Basin
Intake
P
e
n
s
t
o
c
k
Power House
Turbine & Generator
Power Line
Weir +
Canal
O
u
tle
t C
h
a
n
n
e
l
Fishway
Table of Command
Residual Discharge
Forebay
Settling Basin
Intake
P
e
n
s
t
o
c
k
Power House
Turbine & Generator
Power Line
Weir +
Canal
O
u
tle
t C
h
a
n
n
e
l
Fishway
Table of Command
Residual Discharge
Main component of a small hydropower plant
POPEHYE
COLE POLY TECHNI QUE
FDRALE DE LAUSANNE
Purpose
Scope of work
Intake
Settling basin
Next steps
INTAKE
Purpose
Divert water into a waterway leading to the power plant
Conventional type
Bottom intake : It consists of a canal built in streambed and covered by a
trashrack with a downward sloping profile.
Drop intake, Tyrolian type
Trashrack
Tyrolian Intake
Intake
Sluiceway
COLE POLY TECHNI QUE
FDRALE DE LAUSANNE
Purpose
Scope of work
Intake
Settling basin
Next steps
INTAKE
Design critera
Tyrolian intake : Dimensions are based on the following formula:
L : intake length over the grids (m)
B : intake width (m)
Q : design flow (m
3
/s)
: grid slope
h
cr
: critical depth (m)
h : water depth in start point of grid (m)
: discharge coefficient (grill shape)
c : grid coefficient (a/b, )
h
h
cr

Q
e
L
coul ement
f l uvi al
grille
=0 62 0 65
grill
Flow
b
1.00
6.00
3.00
3.00 3.00
1.00
a
Grid, a/b=0.5
Recommendations:
Extension of the calculatedlength by20%for more
security because of possible partial grid obstruction
Assumptions
a : 2 to 4 cm
a/b : 1/3 , 1/2 , 2/3
: 30 to 45
o
Intake position
Stepped side walls
1.65
2.0
1.9
0.8
1.0
S1
S1
S2
S2<S1
Q=0.5 m
3
/s , a/b=0.5
h g 2 L b c
3
2
Q
e
= B
COLE POLY TECHNI QUE
FDRALE DE LAUSANNE
Purpose
Scope of work
Intake
Settling basin
Next steps
INTAKE
Geometry of tyrolian intake
Width and Length of intake for
different design discharges (0.25
to 3.0 m
3
/s).
a/b=0.5 , =35
o
(grid slope: 70%)
L=2.6m
Q=1.0 m
3
/s
B=1.9m
Tyrol i an Intake , a/b=0.50 , =35
o
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
Di scharge [m
3
/s]
W
i
d
t
h

a
n
d

L
e
n
g
h
t

[
m
]
Width
Lenght
COLE POLY TECHNI QUE
FDRALE DE LAUSANNE
Purpose
Scope of work
Intake
Settling basin
Next steps
INTAKE
Civil works
Concrete, Reinforcement
Form work, Excavation
Structures: Intake+Sluiceway+Side walls+Spillway
Intake
Sluiceway
Q=0.5 m
3
/s , a/b=0.5 , =35
o
, m=1
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
5 10 15 20 25 30
River width [m]
C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

v
o
l
u
m
e

[
m
3
]
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
m
e
n
t

[
k
g
]
Con_rock Con_aluv. Reinf_rock Reinf_aluv.
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
5 10 15 20 25 30
River width [m]
E
x
c
a
v
a
t
i
o
n

[
m
3
]
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
F
o
r
m

w
o
r
k

[
m
2
]
Exc_rock Exc_aluv. Form_rock Form_aluv.
Excavation
Form work
COLE POLY TECHNI QUE
FDRALE DE LAUSANNE
Purpose
Scope of work
Intake
Settling basin
Next steps
SETTLING BASIN
Purpose
Separate the undesired sediment carried by the flow from the water.
Conventional type
Longitudinal settling basin : It consists of one or more chambers of
sufficient length to allow the sediment particles to settle down.
Settling basin
Bchi type
It has to be drained almost completely
whenever it is flushed out. This may
cause disturbance to power production.
Grids
Settling chamber
Weir
Flushing gate
Transition section
Flushing part and
Diposition of sediments
Canal
COLE POLY TECHNI QUE
FDRALE DE LAUSANNE
Purpose
Scope of work
Intake
Settling basin
Next steps
SETTLING BASIN
Conventional type
The Bieri Settling basin ensures energy
production even during the flushing
procedure.
The sediments which settle in the settling
basin are flushed vertically through the
opening into the flushing channel and back
to the river. The flushing water volume is
therefore kept to a minimum.
Sensors permit fully automatic operation.
Settling basin, Bieri type
Flushing channel
Flushing device
(Metal plates)
Flushing gate
Weir
Settling basin Grids
Canal
Hydraulic system
Metallic plate
dessableur
chenal de purge vanne de purge
transition
(section
rectangulaire)
retour la rivire
t
dispositif de dessablage, purgeur grille tranquilisatrices
h
L
J
S
canal
damene
Flushing channel
Settling basin
Flushing gate
Back to river
Flushing device (Metal plates)
Grids
Channel
COLE POLY TECHNI QUE
FDRALE DE LAUSANNE
Purpose
Scope of work
Intake
Settling basin
Next steps
SETTLING BASIN
Design of Settling basin:
Length L, width B and depth H of the basin must fulfill the following conditions:
V
T
<V
cr
B<=2h (typically 1.25 to 1.50h)
B<=L/8
B : basin width (m)
Q : design flow (m
3
/s)
V
D
: settling velocity(m/s)
V
T
: mean flow velocity(m/s)
V
cr
: critical flow velocityin basin (m/s)
Settling velocity
Design grain size : 0.2 to 0.3 mm
Empirical formula of Zanke is used for Settling velocity
Recommendations:
Extension of the calculated basin length by 10% to 20%in
order to compensate theexcessive turbulence in approach flow.
Decision upon having two or more basins instead of one for high discharges
B v
Q
L
D

chenal de purge
dispositif de dessablage, purgeur
h
t
a
b
B
4
5
chenal de purge
dispositif de dessablage, purgeur
h
t
a
b
B
4
5
chenal de purge
dispositif de dessablage, purgeur
hhh
t
a
b
B
4
5
Flushing device
Flushing channel
J
s
=3%
COLE POLY TECHNI QUE
FDRALE DE LAUSANNE
Purpose
Scope of work
Intake
Settling basin
Next steps
SETTLING BASIN
Geometry of sediment trap
Width and Height of settling
basin for different design
discharges (0.25 to 3.0 m
3
/s).
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
Discharge (m
3
/s)
w
i
d
t
h

a
n
d

H
e
i
g
h
t
o
f

s
e
t
t
l
i
n
g

b
a
s
i
n

[
m
]
Width
Height
d=0.3mm
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
Discharge (m
3
/s)
w
i
d
t
h

a
n
d

H
e
i
g
h
t
o
f

s
e
t
t
l
i
n
g

b
a
s
i
n

[
m
]
Width
Height
d=0.2mm
Design grain size as 0.2 and 0.3 mm
has been considered.
B=2.9m
Q=1.0 m
3
/s
H=2.3m
Q=1.0 m
3
/s
B=2.65m
H=2.15m
COLE POLY TECHNI QUE
FDRALE DE LAUSANNE
Purpose
Scope of work
Intake
Settling basin
Next steps
SETTLING BASIN
Geometry of sediment trap
Length of settling basin for different
design discharges (0.25 to 3.0 m
3
/s).
Design grain size as 0.2 and 0.3 mm
has been considered.
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
Discharge (m
3
/s)
L
e
n
g
h
t

o
f

s
e
t
t
l
i
n
g

b
a
s
i
n

[
m
]
d=0.3 mm
d=0.2 mm
L
L=35m
L=24m
Q=1.0 m
3
/s
COLE POLY TECHNI QUE
FDRALE DE LAUSANNE
Purpose
Scope of work
Intake
Settling basin
Next steps
SETTLING BASIN
Volume of concrete [m
3
]
Volume of concrete is estimated
for different design discharges
(0.25 to 3.0 m
3
/s).
Weight of steel bars [kg]
Reinforcement of concrete has
been estimated for different
discharges (0.25 to 3.0 m
3
/s).
St = 3433.5Q
1.2903
R
2
= 0.9998
Con = 85.836Q
1.2903
R
2
= 0.9998
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
Discharge [m
3
/s]
C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

v
o
l
u
m
e

[
m
3
]
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
m
e
n
t

[
k
g
]
Con.
St.
Power (St.)
Power (Con.)
d=0.3mm
COLE POLY TECHNI QUE
FDRALE DE LAUSANNE
Purpose
Scope of work
Intake
Settling basin
Next steps
SETTLING BASIN
Excavation volume [m
3
]
Excavation volume is estimated for
different discharges (0.25 to 3.0 m
3
/s).
Form work surface [m
2
]
Form work surface of concrete is estimated
for different discharges (0.25 to 3.0 m
3
/s).
Form =500.56Q
0.8807
R
2
=0.9998
Exc =466.1Q
1.3473
R
2
=0.9999
0
300
600
900
1200
1500
1800
2100
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
Discharge [m
3
/s]
E
x
c
a
v
a
t
i
o
n

[
m
3
]
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
F
o
r
m

w
o
r
k

[
m
2
]
Exc.
Form.
Power (Form.)
Power (Exc.)
d=0.3mm
COLE POLY TECHNI QUE
FDRALE DE LAUSANNE
Purpose
Scope of work
Intake
Settling basin
Next steps
SETTLING BASIN
Total cost [CHF]
Concrete
Reinforcement
Form work
Excavation
Study of SHP
Site installation
For different discharges
(0.25 to 3.0 m
3
/s) and
design grain size (d=0.3 mm)
Cost = 242400Q
1.2652
R
2
= 0.9999
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
800,000
900,000
1,000,000
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
Discharge (m
3
/s)
T
o
t
a
l

c
o
s
t

[
C
H
F
]
Total cost
POPEHYE
Power (Total cost)
POPEHYE : 5000F/m
2
Concrete Reinrforcement Excavation Form work Study Installation
m
3
Kg m
3
m
2
% %
CHF 250 2.5 250 50 10 30
COLE POLY TECHNI QUE
FDRALE DE LAUSANNE
Purpose
Scope of work
Intake
Settling basin
Next steps
NEXT STEPS
Forebay and Penstock
Validation of the work concepts by engineering companies
Typical maps for a series of discharges
Construction details
Optimization process and upgrade of POPEHYE
COLE POLY TECHNI QUE
FDRALE DE LAUSANNE
Thanks for your attention!