ME213 Mechanics of Materials Formula Sheet

Materials
Youngs modulus E

, Shear modulus
) 1 ( 2 +

E
G
where is Poissons ratio
Thermal expansion: ( ) L = L 1 + T
o

Composite Materials
) (
f m f f composite
a 1 E a E E +
(when loaded parallel to fires)
( )
m f f f
composite
E a 1 E a
1
E
! ! +

(when loaded perpendi"ular to fires)

Viscoelastic Materials
Stress at time t (
t
) in a #is"oelasti" material under "onstant strain

t
=
c
e
- Et/
, where
c
is stress at time t = $, and

E
is a "onstant (%nown as the time "onstant)&
Bending and Torsion
Axial loading:

F
A L
E
FL
EA
o
o
, , ,
Lateral strain:

lateral axial

Beam bending:
M
I
E
R y

Second moment of area:

I y dA
A

2
Rectangle about N.A.:
12
'
bd
I
Circle about diameter: I
r

(
(
Parallel Axis Theorem:
2
)
Aa I I
x x
+
Shear and torsion:
J

L
G
r


where is the shear stress produced by a torque T
= G where is the shear strain
Polar second moment of area: Solid circular shaft: J
R

(
2
Hollow circular shaft:
( )
J R R
o i

2
( (
Power in shaft = torque angular velocity (rad/sec) = 2 nT where n is the revolutions per second
Eulers formula for the buckling of slender axially loaded pin-ended columns: F
EI
L
c


2
2
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Thin-Walled Pressure Vessels
*+lindri"al , hoop stress

1

pr
t
, longitudinal stress

2
2

pr
t
Spheri"al ,

1 2
2

pr
t
Biaxial Stress (Plane Stress)
( ) ( )

+
+

+
x
x y x y
xy
2 2
2 2 cos sin
( ) ( )

y
x y x y
xy
2 2
2 2 cos sin
( )

+
x y
x y
xy
2
2 2 sin cos
Principal Stresses

1 2
2
2 2
,
=
+
+
y
2
xy
x x y
t

_
,

tan 2 =
2
-
p
xy
x y

( )

max,min
1
= = t

_
,

+ t

x y
xy
2 2
2
2
2
tan 2 =
( -
s
x y

)
,
2
45
xy
s p
t

Mohrs Circle For Stress
*entre
( )
1
]
1

+ $ ,
2
1
y x

-adius =
( )
2
1
2
2
2
1

'

+
1
]
1

xy y x

Biaxial Strain

x'
x y x y xy
=
( + )
2
+
-
2
cos 2 +
2
sin 2
( )

y'
x y x y xy
=
( + )
2
-
-
2
cos 2 -
2
sin 2
( )

x' y' x y xy
2
= -
( - )
2
sin 2 +
2
cos 2

1,2
x y xy
=
+
2
+
2
t

_
,

_
,

x y
2
2 2
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Tan 2p =

xy
x
-
y

max,min x y xy 1 2
= ( - + = ( - t t ) )
2 2
4 Strain !au"e #osette

xy b a c
2
(

b
at (.)
Stress$Strain Trans%ormation

x
y
= -
E
x
E
,


y
x
= -
E
y
E

x x y
= ( +
E
( )
)
1
2

y y x
= ( +
E
( )
)
1
2

= G =
E
2(1+ )

1
2
= -
E
1
E
,

2
1
= -
E
2
E

1 1 2
= ( +
E
( )
)
1
2

2 2 1
= ( +
E
( )
)
1
2

Von Mises &'ui(alent Stress

e
+
1
2
2
2
1 2
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