Page 1

Project overview:
The built temperature control circuit is an integration of electronic components that function in a proper
manner. It was designed for the intention of monitoring room temperature using a thermistor, and
limiting its highest value to 25C. This is achieved by turning an indicator lamp and fan ON, through a
transistor switch, when the comparator (LM339) identifies a temperature greater than 25C.
As mentioned above three main tasks are needed to be accomplished in order to carry out the desired
outcome.

Measuring Temperature (T)
An NTC thermistor, whose resistance R
T
decreases as temperature increase, is utilized to sense the room
temperature. A voltage divider is then used to obtain an electrical signal associated with the measured
temperature. As a result an output voltage V
s
is obtained ready to serve as one of the two inputs
required by the comparator.
Circuit Analysis:
Aim:
-
Choosing an appropriate reference resistor R
C
based on an assumed value of V
s
Components:
- Power supply providing an input voltage (V
in
) of 12v
- NTC Thermistor ttc-502
- Resistor R
C


Figure 1 (voltage divider circuit of the thermistor)

Using the data sheet of the thermistor we found that for a temperature T=25C the equivalent
resistance is R
T
= 5000 .
Using voltage divider: V
s
=

* V
in

Assume V
s
= 6;

Page 2


6=

* 12

=5000

Since a 5000 K resistor is not available with us, we chose two make a parallel connection of
two 10k resistors which gives the intended 5000 resistance

.
(

= 5 k

Select

=5 K

Check if T > 25C
An Op-Amp is employed to compare actual temperature with the required 25C temperature. The
comparator is provided by two inputs V
s
, output of thermistor connected to the non inverting input pin
(pin 6) and V
R
, a fixed reference output of a voltage divider(In our case) connected to the inverting input
pin (pin7). Note that the location of the input, output, ground and V
cc
are provided by the op-amp data
sheet. The output voltage V
o
is then obtained at pin 1.

Figure 2

Circuit Analysis:
Aim:
- Choosing appropriate V
+
, V
-
values

based on the chosen comparator specifications.
- Choosing appropriate values for the resistances

which compose the voltage divider

at V
R
.
Components:
- Power supply providing an input voltage (V
in
) of 12v (same supply used above)
- Comparator LM339
- Resistors

From the data sheet of the comparator, it is shown that V
+
, V
-
ranges between (1 to 18) or
(2 to 36)

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choose 0 to 12 volt.
Making reference temperature 25C
With V
s
=6V at 25C V
R
=6 V at 25C

Figure 3

Finding R
2
and R
3
:
V
R
=

* V
IN

(

) V
R
= V
IN *

* V
R
= (V
IN
- V
R
)*

Select R
1
=100 k & R
2
=100 k
Turn ON a Motor and a LED
A resistor R
B
is connected at output of the comparator, according to the output of the Op-Amp and
resistance R
B
, current I
B
will flow forming the input of transistor. If this current is greater than I
Bs
the
transistor is saturated and acts as switch hence providing the motor with required current. The motor in
turn drives the fan.
Motor specifications:
R
M
=9.5 k measured by DMM
V
M
= 12v
I
M
=

= 1.26 *

A
I
M
=1.26mA

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We chose a green diode having V
turn ON
=1.65V, R
D
(typical)=19
V
in
=12 V
R
limitting
=

220
R
limitting
is formed from a combination of series and parallel connections of resistances.
(

= 110
Note that the LED was connected in parallel with the motor.

Component table:
Table 1. Specifications of components employed in the system
Part Description Part # and manufacturer Specifications
1 Thermistor ttc-502
NTC type; =3950 ;
At 25C R
T
=5000
2 Comparator LM 339N V
cc
=12 V
3 Transistor 2N3904
npn-BJT type; 40 V, 200 mA,
20-200 gain
4 DC motor
MM1-6S2R
13 July 9851
V
M
= 12V; I
M
= 1.26 mA; R
M
= 9.5 K
5 Resistor R=100 k; P
R
=3 W; 5%
6 Resistor R=5 k; P
R
=3 W; 5%
7 Resistor R= 220
8 Green LED V
turn ON
=1.65V, R
D
(typical)=19


Possible Applications of the system
This system can be also used for parked car ventilation. Where inside temperature of car is monitored
and fans are turned on when a parked car temperature go above 25C. Solar panels can be used as a
power source in this case.

Reference
www.alldatasheets.com