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Despić, Đ. - Stradanja Mladog Vertera J. v. Getea I Verter Laze Lazarevića U Svetlu Intertekstualnih Veza
Despić, Đ. - Stradanja Mladog Vertera J. v. Getea I Verter Laze Lazarevića U Svetlu Intertekstualnih Veza
09 Goethe
'Bophe llecrrMn
CTPA)JAlbA MJIA)JOr BEPTEPA J. B. fETEA 11 BEPTEP
J1. J1A3APEBI11iA Y CBETJ1Y I1HTEPTEKCTYAJ1HI1X BE3A
Y canpcvcnoj MMCJIM 0 KIhM)I(eBHOCTM, nosohene y Be3Y HaCTaHKa
KIhM)I(eBHOr nerra ca ,,60)I(aHCKMM nanaxnyhev'' OnaBHO je npesaanheno.
OBaKBO pOMaHTMqapCKO CXBaTaIhe KIhM)I(eBHOr CTBapaJIallITBa y .xtmy''
reHMjaJIHOCTM, 3aMeIheHO je Te)I(lbOM xa OnrOBopHOM M rrponytin.eaov
npoxnnursaesy castor CTBapaJIaqKOr qMHa. To je nOBeJIO no excnansnje
KaKO eCTeTMqKMX reopnja, TaKO M pa3JIMqMTMX rcopujcxnx xouuernrnja -
KIhM)I(eBHMX MaHMcPecTa, KOjM cy 6MJIM YTeMeJbeHM na CXBaTaIhY crsapa-
JIallITBa xao CBeCHe MaHMcPecTaUMje M xpeaunje rsyncsor nyxa. llpYTMM
peqMMa, sa KIhM)I(eBHO CTBapaJIallITBO 6MBa CBe rrpecymrnja YCJIOBJbeHOCT
He ,,60)I(aHCKOM nncnupauujov", Ben qMTaBMM HM30M pa3HOJIMKMX KIhM-
)I(eBHMX, aJIM M BaHKIhM)I(eBHMX qMHMJIaua. Haxo OBe nocnemse mmo-
llITO He rpefia 3aHeMapMTM, narnaurenzja arra-raj MMajy OHM "MMrryJICM"
KOjM M3BMPy M3 )I(MBOTa cave KIhM)I(eBHOCTM, M KOjM cy onpehean nove-
TOM paasoja reopnjcxe MMCJIM, OKOJIHOCTMMa nnaztajyhux )I(aHpOBCKMX
KOHBeHUMja, KIhM)I(eBHO- MCTOpMjCKMM KOHTeKCTOM, MTn.
Y TOM CMMCJIy, rrOCTCTpYKTYPaJIMCTMqKO rromran.c KIhM)I(eBHOCTM
omena ce y BM1)eIhY na He rrocrojn KIhM)I(eBHM TeKCT KOjM HMje y ozmocy
ca npYTMM TeKCTOBMMa, rj. na HMje ycrtocrasrsen Kp03 qMTaJIaqKY rrpaxcy.
Ilocesarse ae npYTMM TeKCTOBMMa pa3JIMqMTO je onpanaasarro: 6MJIO xao
npnfianrsan.e ayropnrernor aJIM6Mja aa MHTeHUMjy BJIaCTMTOr nena, 6MJIO
xao 06JIMK napomrnror MJIM rrOJIeMMqHOr onnoca rrpeva rpaannaia. KP03
MCTOPMjy KIhM)I(eBHOCTM xrory ce nponahn M 6pOjHM M qYBeHM npmrepa
eKCrrJIMUMTHOr MJIM MMrrJIMUMTHOr nanoheua OMMJbeHe JIeKTMpe, y MaIhe
MJIM mnue cPYHKUMOHaJIHMM 06JIMUMMa. CBenoUM CMO na y nocrvonep-
HOM nooy, 360r cxsaraa.a zta je CBe Ben jenHoM peseno, qMTaJIaqKa CBeCT
6MBa CBe nspazcenaie ncrrorsanana Kp03 MHTepTeKcryaJIHM rrOCTYTIaK lI,U-
illaillHocillu, MJIM TaKBy TexHMKy xao llITO je xonasc.
Ha raj HaqMH CBaKO ztanaunse npoysasarse KIhM)I(eBHOr TeKCTa non-
paayxrena rra)I(JbMBO uutuane uiyhux uiiiatea. Y MHTepTeKcryaJIHOM rrpoy-
-ranarsy lfuillafbe rtocraje KOJIMKO BeJIMKa, TOJIMKO M MHTpMraHTHa resra,
jep ce y IheHOM cpernrurry CKpMBa ceve )I(MBOTa KfbU:JICe6H02 taena. KaKO
he re mrreprexcryanae seae cPYHKUMOHMcaTM, 3aBMCMne on HOBor KOH-
134
TeKCTa y xojexr he ce nahn npeyaern TeKCT, rj, on noeruxe caxror ayropa
H HHTeHUHje nena. Y OBOM parry neMO rroxyurarn zra rtpexo pa3JIWIHTHX
HHTepTeKcryaJIHHX nesa rrpHCYTHHX y rrpnrronerrn JIa3e Jlasapennha rrpa-
BHJIHHje CXBaTHMO OnHOC KOjH je cpncxn nncau HMao npexia feTeOBOM
zreny, aJIH H zra MO)KJla npyra-mjc OCBeTJIHMO MOTHBHcaHOCT JaHKOBor JIH-
xa rrpexo n.erose ynore UMUJlUl{UWHOZ (B. I13ep) -nrraoua Fereonor ztcna.
Ornapa HaM ce, TaKO, npocrop nnocrpysor -nrran.a aJIH nejennaxor rro
crarycy, jep npyro H3Bl1pe 113 npnor. Y ztaroj JIorl1l1,11 CTBapl1, reaorhevo
na y TaKBO CUUpaJlHO uutaan rrOCTYTIHO nponapexro H, np)f(enH ce TeKCTa,
apfYMeHTOBaHO noxaacesro naacsnsv nsrpaznsy JaHKOBor JIHKa xoja npen-
oztpehyje He06HQHe OCUI1JIaUHje 0 oznrocy npexra feTeOBOM jynaxy.
Ben je y HaCJIOBy rtpnrtouerxe Bepiuep JIa3e Jlasapcanha' canpacana
jenna xrohua pevmnrcuenuaja. HaCJIOB rrpnanna y cehan.e syaeuo Tere-
OBO neJIO Ctupaoau.a MAaaOZ Beptuepa.' qHMe ce nOCTH)f(e jeztan zronar-
HH/cpaqYHaTH erpexr na peuernurjy TeKCTa: ca qHTaJ-beM nenpecrano
crpyju H HHT HeH3BeCHOCTH H HIUqeKHBaJ-ba y KaKBOM he ce nHjaJIOrl1Q-
HOM 06JIHKY I1 CMI1CJIY aKTYaJIH30BaTI1 Tereon TeKCT. 3HaqeJ-bCKa "nHjaJIO-
rHqHOCT" HaCJIOBa I1 TeKCTa He MO)f(e yCJIOBHTH BpenHOCT nerra, aJIl1 ce
osaj OnHOC He MO)f(e HH npeneopemyrn, nororoay aKO je y HaCJIOBy no-
pen <pl1rypaTHBHe Ca)f(eTOCTI1 ztaro I1 apa-ren,e MonHe I1HTepTeKcTyaJIHe
perpepeuue. Taxo ce HaIII euoospye ouetcuean.a (X. P. Jayc) yCJIO)f(J-baBa, a
peuerrunja zrena 6HBa ,,06a3pHBl1ja", aJIH 11 necrpnn.naaja y )f(elbH zta ce
orxpnje rajna caxre KJ-bH)f(eBHOCTH: isena npnpona UMaHeHWHOZ rrocroja-
J-ba H pa3BHTKa
3
Konrype <pHKTHBHor CBeTa ce nasnpy, aJIH raj narone-
IIITaj rrpe rrpaxpnsa 3arOHeTHOCT Hero IIITO je pacserrsaaa. Crnoperra je
H3BeCHa peuerrrnana HarreTOCT xoja on TeKCTa crsapa jenno norse cene:
,IT0)f(I1BeTI1/0ceTHTI1 3aa060JbCW60 Y iuexctuy (P. Eapr) nyrev cuajatea ztsa
I Jlasa Jlaaapesnh: Ilpuuoeeuoce, CBeTOBI1, HOBI1 Can 1991.
2 Joxan Bonoranr Tere: Ctiipaoatea MJIGa02 Bepiuepa, Ilpocaera, Beorpan 1975, npen.
Hcnnopa CeKyJIl10.
3 Fereosa Ciupaoan.a... oxarnenao cy I1HCnl1pl1CaJJa 11 BeJII1Kor HeMaQKOr nncua To-
Maca Mana. Iberoao neno JIoilla y Bajuapy y pOMaHeCKHoM 06J1I1Ky naje jenan I1CTOpl1jCKI1
seponocrojan cycper, 11 TO cycper 113Mel)y Illapnore 11 Ferea KOjl1 ce y Bajxrapy onnrpao
-rernpa 11 no neueanje HaKOH llil1XOBOr nocnemser cycpera, a KOjl1 je 11 6110 uertocpenau
rtoson Ciupaoateuua... MaHoB pOMaH xao na y MI1KpOpa3Mepl1 ztaje cav rrpanuart Kllil1)f(eB-
nor CTBapaJJaWTBa, aJJl1 11 nenosan,a Kllil1)f(eBHOCTI1. Jep, zra Cuipaoana... HI1CY HI1K3)la na-
nncaaa HI1 MaHOB pOMaH He 611 nocrojao. Iberos pOMaH noxasyie norpefiy aa norryrsasa-
llieM npyror nena, sa ill1jaJJoroM ca Tp3)lI1Ul1jOM, QI1Me mrreparypa onpasnasa CBOjy penyra-
unjy BI1TaJJHor cPeHoMeHa. KP03 ill1jaJJor TeKCTOBa cPYHKul1oHl1we 11 cava rtpnpona Kllil1-
)f(eBHOCTI1: neno 611Ba ilYXOBHO "I1CnpOBOUl1paHO", C TIIM, na HII "npOBOKaTOp" He ocraje
aaysex ,,6e36eilaH" jep 611Ba OCBeTJheH HOBI1M I1HTepTeKcryaJJHI1M seaaxta, QI1Me ce llierOB
craryc, y Kllil1)f(eBHO-l1cTOpl1jCKOM KOHTeKcry, MaKap 11 He3HaTHO, Mellia. MaHOBa Jlora he,
nnp., y CBOM esonnparsy npOWJlOCTI1 nonYHI1TI1 113BeCHa upasna ueciaa (8. 113ep) 113 Fere-
osor TeKCTa, 3HaQelliCKI1 Hl1jaHCl1pajyOI1, TaKO, na HOB HaQI1H, l1ileaJJl130BaHY CJlI1KY Fereose
Jlore.
135
paann-nrra TeKCTOBHa ennrrera. Peuerntajcxa "rrO)])lOra", TaKO, unje ca-
CTaBJbeHa CaMO Oil KOHBeHUlija jenner canpa, y OBOM cny-rajy cpncxe pe-
amrcraxxe rrpnnosence ncseraaecror CTOJIena, Ben je BuaOKPY2 ouexuea-
tea cnoaceanja 3paqelheM HaCJIOBHe mrreprexcryanne perpepeaue.
fIpBO axryannsoaan,e Tereoaor TeKCTa jasn.a ce y aJIy3liBHOM rrpen-
oceharsy OCHOBHe <pa6yJIapHe curyaunje li3 xnrrorexcra: Kalla JaHKO ns
rrpmcpaixa ystiyheno nocxiarpa IlOJIa3aK xo-ruje ca Mapnjov li Mnaae-
HOM. Haxo rrpnrroeenan HeKO npeve cxprrsa Oil -nrraoua npnpony oznroca
li3Me1)y HeliMeHOBaHor rocnomnra li3 KOqlije li Mapnje, naura Klhli)f{eB-
Ha/qliTaJIaqKa CBeCT rOTOBO ayrovarcxa ynsocrpy-ryie 03Ha/.{eHO. Ilpnuap-
Hli TeKCT, na OBOM srecry, na JIliTepapHO-BOJIllIe6aH HaqliH npmnaa y
ceharse onnoce ynyrap CY,U60HOCHor rpoyrna ns cexynnapnor TeKCTa ns-
Me1)y Beprepa, JIoTe li AJI6epTa. OBOMe, Me1)yrliM, rpetia noztara li onnc
li xapaxrepuaaunjy JaHKa xoja je nara nenocpemro pannje qliMe ce rrpo-
6JIeMaTliKa xoja rronceha, peuunucuenuupa na OCHOBHy penaunony cnrya-
unjy xapaxrepxcrn-nry sa [eTeOBO zteno, jour li3pa)f{eHlije ncrnxe:
( ... ) y (JaHKOBI1M) OlJl1Ma xao na ce -nrraure nexa Hal1BHOCT I1 lJe:>KJ-ba.
To ce BI1Da aa JbY1ll1Ma CaCBI1M MJIa1lI1M KOjl1 jour HI1CY IIOKBapeHI1 "CBeT-
CKI1M JIYKaBCTBOM" ( ... ) ilio 6eljJe oeex ca IjJUpOKUM zpyouua U iuecnuu uuae-
naua.
(CTp. 96, Kyp3l1B B. LI,.)
Y -nrrao-reaoj CBeCTli ce rrOJIaKO xoncrnryaure JIliK aa KOjli ce CBe
CJI06011Hlije MO)f{e pelur na npnnana He)f{HliM, ocerrsnmoa nyurava. Ca
OBaKBOM ceH3li6liJIHOM ocofienourhy, JaHKO y nautoj CBeCTli CBe -mpmhe
3aY3liMa noanunjy rparu-mc BepTepOBCKe rrpenonpehenocra. Hserosa no-
jana xoja li3 rrpmcpajxa y36y1)eHo nocvarpa uoeonpnnounry cencxy OCO-
6y li3Y3eTHe JIerrOTe, Kao lla licupTaBa KaKO rro3Hary peJIaUlioHy cxeMY
Jby6aBHor rpoyrna li3 Tereonor ponana, TaKO 11 -ryseay rparn-nry KOHce-
K e ~ lheHe uepeunmocrn.
ITa nnax, He MO)f{eMO a na He occrnvo rrpncycrso npouaje (03Ha-
qliJIli CMO je Kyp3liBOM y Ul1TlipaHOM rexcry) y rrpnrtoeena-reaov npmca-
311BalhY JaHKa. YBo1)elheM OBe CTl1JICKe <plirype nama peuenunia rrperro-
snaje onpeheny BpCTy uouepeuocuiu xoja ce ycnocraarsa y OIlHOCY 113Me1)y
nsa TeKCTa. XlirrOTeKCT nexra nmue ynory ayropnrera, Ben ce y cexraa-
TliqKli 01lHOC JIa311HOr rrpeva [eTeOBOM Beptuepy rrocreneno YBOlll1 l1H-
reprcxcryanmr nocrynax naponnje, rj. ofipnyre CTliJI113aUlije. JIa3a JIa3a-
pemrh ce, TaKO, xao xpearusaa crsapanau, orrpenenno sa MOllepaH no-
crynax KOjliM ce yvecro rrpenoaaaaarsa/nnycrpauaje ocrnapyje HOBO Bli-
1)elhe/l1JIYMliHaUlija.4 Onae ce, Me1)yrl1M, Heli36e)f{HO rrocrann.a naran,e 0
Klhli)f{eBHliM enoxaxra KojliMa cy J. B. Tere li JIa3a Jlaaapennh npnnarta-
4 On0311THe nojvose unycuipauuja-e-unyuunauuja, na rpary TepMI1Ha B. WKJIOBCKOr
upeuosnaeane-s-uoeo euhetee, ysena je )],y6paBKa Opanh TOJlI1h. BI1JlI1: Teopuja uutuatuno-
ciiiu, r3X, 3arpe6, 1990.
136
JIM, ann MOHO 0 )KaHpOBCKMM KOHBeHUMjaMa y OKBMpy KOjMX cy OCTBa-
pMJIM csoja LI.eJIa.
BeJIMKM HeMatIKM rmcau je CXOLI.HO noeTMUM ceHTMMeHTaJIM3Ma, xoja
je npeLI.CTaBJbaJIa OTKJIOH OLI. BJIa.uaBMHe paUMOHaJIHOr, 06JIMKOBaO csor
jynaxa M arvocrpepy y poxiany y LI.YXY narnaurene eMOUl10HaJIHOCTl1 M cy-
6jeKTMBHOCTM. I13 resose aa rrpMKa3MBaI-beM YHYTpaWI-ber )KI1BOTa M He-
rrOCpeLI.HOr CJlMKaI-ba LI.O)KMBJbeHOr JlOrMqHO he npoaaahn M aaexaarna
)KaHpOBCKa rpopsra poxana y nMCMI1Ma. Tere he rtoccnryrn aa nMCMOM
xao OHMM 06JIMKOM "LI.OKYMeHTa zryure" noxrohy xojer ce MO)Ke UITO nep-
nnje, nYTeM MCrrOBeLI.HOr TOHa, rrpeLI.CTaBMTM OCeTJbMBOCT jeLI.HOr 6Mha, r].
CBa I-berOBa unaxoeutuoctu u tiyjnoctu', JIa3a Jlaaapennh ce, Me1)YTMM, y
cxnazry ca reopajcxosr xonuernmjoxr csoje enoxe, onpenersyie sa rrpnno-
BeTKy xao KapaKTepMCTl1tIaH KI-bM)KeBHI1 caap cpncxor peaJIM3Ma. C1>YHK-
unja peaJIMCTMtIKOr rrpnxaannan.a y KI-bM)KeBHOCTM BMlIIe je rHOCeOJlOWKa
Hero aKCMOJlOlIIKa, aJIM ce OBa ztpyra LI.MMeH3Mja Hl1nOlliTO He CMe sane-
MapMTM. OHe ce, lIITaBMlIIe, reunco MOry jacno pa3LI.BojMTM, jep ce cno-
snaja, rj. aaa-rerse npmcasanor He MO)Ke OLI.BOjMTM OLI. BpeLI.HOBaI-ba. Y cy-
npOTHOM, M3ry6MO 6M ce pe3yJITaT cpacran,a OBe LI.Be <j)YHKUMje, a TO je
cuucao KI-bM)KeBHOr nena. OH nocrojn jeLI.MHO y cnojy 3HatIeI-ba M BpeLI.HO-
sarsa. EYLI.yhM LI.a HaM ce ncropnja KI-bM)KeBHOCTI1 npencranrsa xao He-
rrpecrano CMeI-bMBaI-be LI.OMI1HaHTHMX enevenara, y peaJIM3My cy jacno
BMLI.JbMBM 3HaUl1 Kpl1TMtIHOCTI1 npeua OHMM eJleMeHTMMa KOjM cy 6l1JlM
caapacann y KI-bM)KeBHMM LI.eJlI1Ma ceHTMMeHTaJII13Ma, npeLI.pOMaHTM3Ma M
pOMaHTM3Ma. Y TOM CMMCJly, npncycrno uponnje y orrncy M xapaxrepa-
aaunja Jamca He 6M rpefiano LI.a tIYLI.M. KpMTMKYjyhM ceHTMMeHTaJIHOCT M
cyrrporcraan.ayhn joj cprtcxy narpnjapxamry xyrrrypy, JIa3a Jlasapenah
nocryrra y cxnany ca MLI.ejaMa CBeT03apa MapKOBMha, nporpaMCKMM YTe-
MeJbMTeJbeM cprrcxor peaJIM3Ma. Y spcveny rne cpue M ocehaisa He LI.MK-
rnpajy BMlIIe ayx euoxe, BepTepOBCKa LI.YlIIa He MO)Ke npohn "HeKa)KI-be-
HO".
KOJIMKO ce, LI.aKJle, rrpexo rrOMeHYTMx peMMHMcueHUMja npenosnaje
Fereos TeKcT, TOJlMKO ce YHOlIIeI-beM npomtje oneofiasana I-berOBO axrya-
JlM30BaI-be. JaHKo CBaKaKO uooceha na Beprepa, aJIM ce nnax janrsa OLI.-
peheno, CTMJICKMM CpeLI.CTBOM M3a3BaHO, noenoceharse I-berOBe 3atIYLI.He
CYLI.6MHe.
II
Y nnreparypa je npmrehen ana-raj yBOLI.HOr MPOHI1QHOr xapaxrepa-
can-a JaHKa xoje he yrrpano YTMuaTM na iseroay CYLI.6MHy I1 TOK npnno-
BeTKe yormrre. Pajnxapzt JIayep je, nnp., 6aBehM ce I1HTepTeKcryaJIHOM
mrrepnperauajoxr Bepiuepa, YOQMO rtpnrtpevrseay MOTMBaUMjy aa JaHKO-
5 Jeziaa 011, mnue MoryhHX npesona HeMaqKOr Sturm und Drang nepnona, KOMe je Fe-
re CBOjHM MJIanaJIaqKHM pevex-nenoa npnnaaao.
137
BO iiPOJICU6/bQ6Qlbe nutuepataype; a xoje 611CMO JIaKO MOrJI11 rrpOMOB11CaT11
sa spiritus mavens JIa3"fHe npanoserxe. Ta MOT11BaU11ja yrJIaBHOM je y
Be311 ca JaHKOB11M OLJ:HOCOM rrpejra OLJ:pe1)eH11M Klh11:>KeBH11M JleJI11Ma xoja
je CHa:>KHO JlO:>K11BeO aJI11 H11je 11MaO yCJIOBa na 11X 11 iiPOJICU6U.
,,( ... ) CTpaCHO je QJ1TaO BJ1KTopa XJ1fOa J1 onyurenn.eno roBOpJ10 0
fueMy, a y ce6J1 Qe3HYO aa pOMaHCKJ1M jynaurraou! (...) J1 KaKO MJIallJ1 JbYllJ1
lllTO roll QJ1Tajy annuxyiy ira ce, TO ce J1 OH jenuoxr fiann.aute MJ1111JbY, zta
ofiyxe raoanene UJ1neJIe, na na nne no CBeTY Tpa)KJ1TJ1 CBOj naean, xao lllTO
je TO y nexaxoj KfuJ13J1 aa nexora QJ1Tao. ( ... ) Cpehosi J13 <ppaHUYCKJ1X poxta-
na 3a6opaBJ10 je 6paKOJIOMCTBO, a 3anaMTJ10 QaCT J1 CJIaBy."
(CTp. 96.)
Y osaxsoj Jamconoj peuernrajn Klh11:>KeBH11X nena He rtocrojn pa3JI11-
xa 113Me1)y eCTeTCKor 11 rrpaxrn-raor CTaBa. JIa3MH jynax He rroccnyje
Klh11:>KeBHY Ben caxro je3IIQKY KOMrreTeHU11jy 113 xoje rrpOM311JIa311 JlOCJIOB-
HO -nrraa,e Hroa 11 Cepsanrcca'. Ha raj HaQ11H, KlhM:>KeBHOCT ry611 3Ha-
-raj onneveisyiyhe BpeJlHOCT11 aa :>K11BOT, Te nocraje C11pOBa MJleHT11<p11Ka-
U11ja ca npaKT11QH11M KOHceKBeHuaMa. T11Me ce cryrra na KP11TMQHO pe-
uerrunjcxo TJIO jep eCTeTCKa <pyHKU11ja YMeTH11QKOr ztena nOTnYHO npoxra-
nryje. YMeTH11QK11 TeKCT npeBa311JIa311 CBOjy CyuITMHy 11 nocraje KaTaJIO-
IIIK11 H113 CHa:>KH11X KOpeKT11BH11X nenonaa,a. OCJI0601)eHa eCTeTCKe Jl11-
MeH311je, peuernmja Klh11:>KeBHOr LJ:eJIa nocraie JleB11jaHTHa 11 nOTeHU11jaJI-
H11 113BOP CTBapHe onaCHOCT11
8