Funea Broadband Services bv

Gouden Rijderstraat 1
Postbus 57
4900 AB Oosterhout
T: +31 (0) 162 475 800
F: + 31(0) 162 455 751
E: info@funea.com
I : www.funea.com
hr West Brabant nr 20061617



















Funea Broadband Services
White Paper
Fiber To The Home
White Paper
Fiber To The Home


1. Contents

1. Contents........................................................................................................................ 2
2. Introduction.................................................................................................................. 3
3. Services supported........................................................................................................ 3
4. System architecture...................................................................................................... 6
5. Advantages ................................................................................................................... 9
6. In home network........................................................................................................ 10
7. Topology..................................................................................................................... 11
8. Network Management............................................................................................... 13
9. Product portfolio........................................................................................................ 14
10. Competences .............................................................................................................. 15

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2. Introduction
The modern society exhibits increasing demand to utilize new communication
services. Today, new services are offered in different packages using standard
(copper) networks for cable television and telephony. As both networks have
their specific advantages and disadvantages, for successful future proof exten-
sion and development of new services, a network should be applicable that of-
fers the best of both worlds.

Together with its partners, Funea Broadband Services has developed an inte-
grated network solution using smart FTTH technology in a transparent form,
thus enabling all kinds of services through one infra-structure.
This infra-structure integrates both a full duplex Ethernet based network using
one single-mode fiber and a downstream broadband network using a second
single-mode fiber.
The broadband solution allows using standard radio and TV-sets by the sub-
scribers to receive and record a rich choice of programs like they used to via
HFC-networks, without needing a set-top box for digital/analogue conversion.
In-home distribution of the programs is also easy possible using standard coax-
ial solutions.
The Ethernet based network applies for all other data-services as well as the in-
teractive part of services offered on the broadband distribution network.
Our solution offers an almost unlimited bandwidth for the subscribers without
having to overload the Ethernet network with large capacity needing stream-
ing video applications!

This document contains information regarding FTTH solutions offered by Funea
Broadband Services bv. As our company is not focusing on offering all aspects
of a FTTH network, our line of business will be described together with our vi-
sion on FTTH.

3. Services supported
Considering existing services offered by the traditional service providers for the
consumer market, it is obvious that at least Internet Access, CATV and Teleph-
ony are supported. Also it is very interesting observing traditional service pro-
viders to grow from single service to multi-service providers. The incumbent te-
lephony provider is offering Internet Access over the same copper wires (using
ISDN/DSL) and the traditional CATV operators are also offering Internet Access
and even Telephony over their HFC-networks.
Of course, new services are discussed and only limited by the imagination of the
human mind. So the network must never be the limiting factor and the FTTH
solution offers virtual unlimited bandwidth needed for multi-service providing.

Overview of possible communication services applicable for the FTTH multime-
dia network.

RF-broadband network part:

Distribution of standard radio and TV programs
Broadband transmission of analogue signals using the standard
frequency range 47 to 862 MHz. To prevent overload of the data
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distribution network, and to enable using standard equipment
like video-recorder, TV-set and radio. Transmission capacity up to
50 PAL TV-channels and more than 30 FM radio-channels.

Pay-TV or Pay-per-view
Broadband transmission of additional QAM-signals containing
coded TV-channels for pay-TV and/or pay-per-view applications
using standard DVB set-top boxes. Interactive services via the
Ethernet network interface. Transmission capacity up to 50 QAM-
signals containing more than 500 different video-sources.

Volume data
Additional transmission of large data-blocks using dedicated
QAM-channels for asymmetric broadband applications like
streaming video in interactive games.


Ethernet network part:

Internet access
Direct internet access without the need of a dial-up network.
Scalable configuration depending on subscribers needs.

Telephony over IP
Telephony can be handled by IP (Internet Protocol) using the
Ethernet network equipped with switches that support quality of
service for real-time services. This new service allows users to
phone directly through the IP network or connect to the PSTN
(Public Switched Telephone Network) via the IP network.

Pay-TV and Pay-per-view
Interactive connection for the broadband set-top box to handle
all data needed for information and ordering of paid TV-
programs and/or radio programs.

Other services
- E-service systems
- E-commerce
- computer games
- tele-working
- remote learning
- remote surveillance
- remote monitoring in-home equipment
- tele-shopping
- telemetry

This are all examples of services possible on the multimedia network.

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Each service is basically running on a separate virtual network using standard
solutions available on the market place today. The Data Network is based on
open standard technologies such as Ethernet and Internet protocols. This en-
sures cost-efficient expansion and development of both the network and new
services.
source: Alloptic
The broadband part complies to European EN50083 and IEC60728-1 standard,
thus offering a transparent RF-broadband platform for the distribution of ana-
logue and digital encoded video and audio channels. RF user-interface allows
connection of standard home equipment and coaxial in-house cabling.

Also, it is very important that equipment at customers premises provide stan-
dard interfacing (RJ11, RJ45 and F-coax) to allow existing end-user equipment
to easily connect to the FTTH infrastructure.



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4. System architecture
In the next figure the differences between possible Ethernet configurations is
evaluated.
In our opinion, the system architecture should be based on a point-to-point
Ethernet Layer 3 switched network concept. Architecture using EPON (Ethernet
Passive Optical Network) technology was also considered but as there is no
standard protocol defined today nor expected in near future, the choice was
made for point-to-point. APON (ATM Passive Optical Network) is using stan-
dardized protocols but turns out to be much more expensive and less flexible
than EPON or point-to-point.
The following table comparing EPON with APON, clearly shows the advantages
of EPON and is worthwhile considering when a standard is defined:
Ethernet PON (EPON) ATM PON (APON)
Standard IEEE ??? FSAN, ITU G.983
Authors - NTT, BT, etc.
Date - 1995
Speed 1.25 Gbps 155/622 Mbps
IP efficiency good not-so-good
Multiple Access TDMA, other TDMA
Scalable yes, 10 Gbps difficult
ONU features routing, switching, firewall,
etc.
--
LANs Ethernet --
Home PNA Ethernet --
Components IP/Ethernet ATM
Cost Ethernet cost (low) ATM cost (high)
The conclusion is that ATM PON uses an expensive non-IP-optimized ATM-
protocol at low speeds (OC-3), while Ethernet PON is using low cost, IP-
optimized Ethernet protocol at high speed (GigaBit). (source: IEE802.3 EFM SG)
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The next figure gives an overview of the system architecture using a redundant
MAN-ring (Metropolitan Access Network) to feed the Area Pops (or WTRs) and
the passive SAN-ring (Subscriber Access Network) to feed the CPEs (MediaBox).
This SAN will be implemented as a point-to-point network connecting each
MediaBox directly to the Layer 3 switch.

This structure will also allow future EPON integration. In that case the switches
will be located in the City-POP feeding the MAN-ring and the splitters in the
WTRs (Area POP), which are directly linked to the CPEs (MediaBoxes). Even a
configuration using switches in de Area-POP and splitters in the Customer-POPs
is possible.
CI TY
POP
AREA
POP
MAN-ring
SAN-ring
TAN
TAN
Customer
POP
Customer
POP
EDFA
mediabox
1
:
64
mediabox
8x
13 dBm
per EDFA
EDFA
0..-10 dBm
0..-10 dBm
EDFA
EDFA EDFA
BACK
BONE
BROADBAND DOWNSTREAM 47 862 MHz
1 EDFA per
512 subscribers
Ethernet
splitter(s)
1
x
S
in
g
le
im
o
d
e
1
0
/1
0
0
M
b
o
r
2
x
M
u
ltim
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e
1
0
/1
0
0
M
b
1
x
S
in
g
le
m
o
d
e
R
F
LAST MI LE REDUNDANT CITY TRUNK
1
:
64
Layer 3
switch
EDFA
EDFA
CI TY
POP
AREA
POP
MAN-ring
SAN-ring
TAN
TAN
Customer
POP
Customer
POP
EDFA EDFA
mediabox
1
:
64
1
:
64
mediabox
8x
13 dBm
per EDFA
EDFA EDFA
0..-10 dBm
0..-10 dBm
EDFA
EDFA EDFA EDFA EDFA
BACK
BONE
BROADBAND DOWNSTREAM 47 862 MHz
1 EDFA per
512 subscribers
Ethernet
splitter(s)
1
x
S
in
g
le
im
o
d
e
1
0
/1
0
0
M
b
o
r
2
x
M
u
ltim
o
d
e
1
0
/1
0
0
M
b
1
x
S
in
g
le
m
o
d
e
R
F
LAST MI LE REDUNDANT CITY TRUNK
1
:
64
1
:
64
Layer 3
switch
EDFA EDFA
EDFA EDFA

It is clear that, due to our main line of business, the RF-broadband network will
be described in more detail than the Ethernet Network, but a full solution is
available covering the last mile. This solution includes a modular gigabit-
switch and a 100Mb media-converter.
For the distribution of the RF-based video, audio and data-signals we have
available a CATV-overlay concept using a 1550 nm externally modulated optical
transmitter with high-power EDFAs in the network and special low-noise opti-
cal receivers at customers residences.
To be able to supply the market place with a integrated solution, we are also
offering a Media-box: combined optical Ethernet transmitter/receiver (media-
converter) and RF-broadband receiver. This unit can be used as a transparent
solution offering 10/100 Mbps Ethernet and RF-broadband services combined in
one box.
The optical RF-broadband receiver is also available as stand-alone plug-in unit,
allowing us to combine our RF-broadband solution with purely Ethernet based
solutions from other suppliers or system integrators. The basic concept of our
RF-broadband FTTH solution together with the signals C/N at each network
level is displayed on the next page. This RF-concept of the FTTH-network is
based on the structure needed for the Ethernet application, but also fits per-
fectly in common HFC-network structures. The optical part of a HFC-network
almost has the same configuration as the FTTH-network between head-end and
Area-POP (NC). Only the coaxial part (last/first mile) is to be replaced with fiber-
to-the-home.
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0,24 dB fiber attenuation p/km
RC/Headend OMI =4,6 %
Optical transmitter C/N =62,3 dB
externally modulated
EDFA 1 min : 1x 13 dBm
max: 8x 13 dBm C/N =60,3 dB
uit: 13 dBm
Fiber length 22 km C/N =67,8 dB
in: 0 dBm
Ci ty POP
EDFA 2 min : 1x 13 dBm
max: 8x 13 dBm C/N =55,1 dB
uit: 13 dBm
Fiber length 14 km C/N =71,2 dB
Area POP max. 512 subscribers per EDFA
Optische splitter 1:4 -8 dB
in: 1,1 dBm
EDFA 3 8x 13 dBm
C/N =56,0 dB
uit: 13 dBm
Optical splitter 1:64 -22 dB worst case incl. all connectors
Fiber length max: 4,2 km C/N =82,1 dB
Subscri ber min: -10 dBm
Optical receiver C/N =46,5 dB
RF output 60 dBV C/N = 45,2 dB
NETWORKCONCEPT FTTH
E
O
O
E


The RF-overlay network-concept is applicable for both small and big cities, con-
centrating 512 up to 2.048 subscribers per area.
The concept is easily adaptable to different network topologies.
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5. Advantages
The principal advantages of the suggested FTTH Multimedia Network are listed
below:
Based on open standard technologies such as Ethernet, Internet Proto-
cols, DVB and PAL.
High bandwidth for data in both directions for internet and local ser-
vices
Additional high downstream RF-bandwidth for analogue and digital
transmission
Excellent scalability, simple adding of nodes, hubs, users and services
Privacy and easy management warranted using individual VLANS per ser-
vice and user
Adjustable transmission speed depending on requirements and charging
of the user
Fast Ethernet access from 10/100 MB, limited only due to the speed pro-
vided by the ISP
Easy configuration and administration using dedicated Network Man-
agement System available on the market place today
Transparent network set-up, open for multiple service providers
Quality of service is assured within the access network
Broadband RF-network complies to European EN50083 and IEC60728-1
standard
High-quality transmission of standard analogue radio and TV signals
Subscribers can use standard radio and TV equipment; set-top box
and/or AD-converter only needed for additional services
Fully replaces both traditional networks for telephony (twisted pair) and
broadband (coax)


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6. In home network
Our MediaBox (XON router version) provides up to 7 interfaces for the in-home
network:
- 4 x RJ 45 UTP-port for Ethernet;
- 2 x POTs (VOIP)
- F-connector for RF broadband.
Interfacing suitable for standard UTP, standard
telephony and standard coaxial cabling systems in
subscribers residences.
Optional version with a wireless Ethernet extensions (WiFi) will avoid UTP ca-
bling in subscribers residences but is more
expensive.

But as it is, the MediaBox offers a transparent
solution for three basic services:
- mass data (IP based services);
- telephony (VOIP);
- cable-TV.
Of course, additional equipment like IP-based or
QAM-based set-top-boxes, etc. will allow extra
services as listed before, but this kind of
equipment must not necessarily be part of the (basic) network provisions. It
could be part of the (basic) service provisions allowing spreading of investments
and lower risks for network operators.

Next to extra In-home devices, adding services like voice-over-IP will result in
higher demands on Gigabit Ethernet switches used in the network, that must
be able to provide quality-of-service adjustments for this purpose.
So before implementing a FTTH-system, it has to be totally clear what equip-
ment is part of the network and what equipment is part of one (or more) ser-
vice(s).

The construction of the MediaBox allows for finishing of fiber in a separate
protection unit in the subscribers residence. Depending on the services to be
delivered, different versions of the MediaBox can be easily installed on top of
the protection unit or even a sealable cover can be installed in case fiber finish-
ing only is needed.

The in-home cabling must be as simple as
possible not charging subscribers with
additional costs for optical wiring etc. Also it
must be possible to easily connect existing
devices like TV-set, Radio and Video Recorder as
well as PC and/or Laptop. Using standard
cabling as mentioned above, will provide easy
connecting of this equipment.
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7. Topology
The network topology of the Multimedia Network is based on Fiber To The
Home technology, combining the best of both Worlds available on the market
place today: single fiber (dual wavelengths) Switched Ethernet Network and
single fiber Broadband Distribution Network.
The Ethernet part uses router interface for the ATM/SDH backbone, feeding the
redundant 1000base or 100base city trunk (ring-topology). Layer 3 switches in
the area-pops are used feeding the 100base point-to-point last mile (star-
topology) to the media-boxes in the customers residences.

Detail of last mile star-topology using WDM (1310+1550 nm) technology for
Ethernet communication over one single-mode fiber per subscriber:
(Area POP = WTR)

Medium
Access
Logic
TX
RX
WDM
TX
RX
WDM
TX
RX
WDM
TX
RX
WDM
TX
RX
WDM
TX
RX
WDM
DATA
RX
DATA
TX
TX
RX
WDM
TX
RX
WDM
Medium
Access
Logic
RX CATV
RX
TX
RF
1
:
32
EDFA
TX
RX
WDM
TX
RX
WDM
Medium
Access
Logic
RX CATV
RX
TX
RF
TX
RX
WDM
TX
RX
WDM
Medium
Access
Logic
RX CATV
RX
TX
RF
CATV
RX
NC or AREA POP SUBSCRI BER ONU
The RF-broadband part over the second single-mode fiber uses an EDFA (optical
amplifier) interface for amplification of the optical RF-signals from the back-
bone. This backbone normally will be a redundant 1550 nm link to the regional
head-end or city-POP.
New, cost effective techniques are used for the high-power EDFAs feeding the
last-mile. An optical switch at the input of the NC allows redundant opera-
tion. The 8 outputs providing the 13 dBm power to feed eight 64-way splitters
for the access-network, thus allowing to cover at least 512 subscribers per EDFA.
Although it will be possible to locate the splitters near the subscribers having
the advantage of using less fibers, it is obvious that cost of fiber-finishing in
street-cabinets will turn out to be much more expensive than using more fibers.
If a special FTTH fiber-solution is applied, using 2 (pigtail) fibers per mini-tube,
clever network-design will result in low-cost fiber-finishing not needing expen-
sive fiber- management.
In simple man-holes, only the tubes are separated and fed into the relating
home-connection.

The quality of the RF-signals distributed is in accordance with the European
EN50083 and IEC60728-1 standards (C/N 45 dB).

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Future network development:
If a standard is defined, the following figure shows the possible future network
layout of an EPON based FTTH network using 2 different wavelengths for RX
and TX.

iber topology:
, the introduced network uses 2 fibers per subscriber:
-point
o oadband RX, point-to-point splitter 1:32

he future roof dual-fiber solution is based on the availability of easy to im-
.
r
so considerable is the application of WDM technology using only one single-
e-units will increase some but one fiber less will
nd also in the op-

is also available today and is worth while considering.

F
As stated before
o 1x single-mode Ethernet RX/TX (1550/1310 nm), point-to
layer 3 switching
1x single-mode Br
T -p
plement, low-cost Ethernet equipment with RX/TX single-mode fiber interface
The broadband transmission also requires single-mode fiber and because of the
low attenuation of the fiber, the last-mile to the subscriber can easily be fed
from the area-pop (or WTR). This implies that the link to the customer is a di-
rect fiber-link to the area-pop (WTR) without any active or passive elements fo
amplification or splitting.

Al
mode fiber with 1310 nm (bi-directional) for Ethernet RX and TX, and 1550 nm
for Broadband downstream.
Of course, the cost of the hom
reduce costs considerably (costs for finishing, splicing, etc.).
The WDM filters are integrated in the HomeBox (customer) a
tical 1:64 splitters (Area POP) thus saving a lot of space for fiber-finishing in the
Area POP.
This solution
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8. Network Management
The RF-equipment (EDFAs, Transmitters ed.) has standard RS 485 interface with
HTTP protocol, as well as a SNMP interface for alarm gathering and status in-
formation.
This interface passes information for both status-monitoring and element man-
agement.
For status monitoring, Cheetahs Netmentor NMS and CableWatch (Bktel) soft-
ware is used in several HFC-networks, allowing status monitoring of all optical
RF-equipment.

As the optical receiver will most probably be part of the Ethernet Media Con-
verter, status information is limited to the monitoring of optical input-power
(yes/no). This information will be passed to the SNMP manager of the Media
Converter thus allowing the overlay NMS to also monitor the converter.

Again due to our line of business, an extended description with functionality of
a dedicated Network Management System is not in this paper.



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9. Product portfolio
For FTTH networks, Funea Broadband Services bv has the following products
available:

- Ethernet Switch
Modular layer4+ Fast Ethernet & Gigabit Ethernet
Switch
8-line Card slots supporting up to 384 ports of
10/100TX (RJ45)
256 ports of 100FX, 64 ports of 1000X or combinations

- MediaBox,
Ethernet Optical Network Unit with optical RF-
receiver integrated
versions: RX/TX one single-mode fiber
RX/TX two single-mode fibers
RX/TX two multi-mode fibers

- OCR 1016,
low-noise optical RF-receiver, stand-alone or plug-in

- EDFAs
High Power Optical Amplifiers, 8 x 13 dBm

- External Modulated Optical Transmitter
High-Quality technology using extremely small
bandwidth laser for low fiber-RIN

- Miscellaneous
All products necessary for our FTTH RF-overlay solution.



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10. Competences
The competences of Funea Broadband Services bv are focused on the transmis-
sion of broadband RF (PAL-TV /FM-Radio/QAM/QPSK) between head-end and
subscriber, using FTTH technology. In our point of view, a switched 10/100 Mb
Ethernet based FTTH network with integrated IP-video streams, does not pro-
vide enough bandwidth to provide subscribers constant access to various
video/audio programs on all standard TV-sets and video-recorders like they used
to via a HFC-network.
The success of FTTH will be the combination of both networks using the same
infrastructure but different fibers: two (or three) fibers to every subscriber.
Based on this view, we have developed our MediaBox with integrated full du-
plex Ethernet transceiver and RF-receiver, providing a complete data and video
solution. Also we are open to any supplier offering Ethernet based end-to-end
FTTH systems, to integrate our RF-solution. We can provide the necessary opti-
cal RF-receiver as a plug-in unit, using our competence to discuss and define
with supplier both mechanical lay-out and electrical/optical interfacing, to fit
perfectly in suppliers subscriber unit.

FTTH RF-Network engineering:
RF concept development
development of a FTTH-access network concept based on specified parame-
ters for channel-load and signal quality using available and new developed
equipment.
network design
FTTH-access network design based on the given (or developed) network-
concept.
upgrade design
upgrade design of existing HFC-networks to full-service FTTH-networks.
implementation
implementation of equipment and cabling in head-end and optical
hubs/city-centers based on underlying concept and specifications.
transmission calculation
theoretic calculation of the RF transmission-parameters of a full FTTH-
network: CSO, CTB, C/N (IMA)

FTTH RF-Network consultancy:
outline plan
outline plan and recommendation for network design or upgrade; time
schedule
draft proposal
calculation of estimated costs; core prices
layout evaluation
Technical evaluation of the network layout both upstream and down-
stream based on given parameters for channel-load, signal-quality and
number of homes-past per upstream cluster.
error correlation
Determine the cause of incidental or continuous malfunction of (modem)
services in the RF-network based on error correlation. An interrupt of ser-
vices may occur due to different errors in design, equipment or concept.
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FTTH RF-Network service:
benchmark testing
testing of the RF transmission parameters;
quality audits
full audit of the network based on pre-arranged methods and depth.
leveling control
control of RF-levels of all carriers on desired parts or whole network.
error correction
repair of network errors due equipment failure, cable damage or break,
etc.
preventive and corrective maintenance
both electrical and mechanical maintenance of FTTH RF-networks; reports
including recommendations (and pricing) for repair or improvement.
24 hours call-service
call-service for malfunction-reports available 24-hours a day.

FTTH RF-Network installation
turn-key installation
all-in installation, upgrade or extension of RF-equipment in head-end, hubs
or city-centers.
installation of optical receivers at subscribers premises.
project management
organization of the labour and engineering necessary to successfully com-
plete a project.
service on demand
installation assistance on site: skilled labour of fully equipped technicians
on a per hour or per project base.

Training
Product training
Technical education covering the FTTH-product portfolio of Funea Broad-
band Services bv.
System training
Customer tailed introduction to FTTH RF-network concepts and solutions.
Facilities
Funea Broadband Services bv has its own in-house educational facility, but
also provides training course on site at the clients premises.





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