INFECTIOUS DISEASES

OF THE GENITOURINARY
SYSTEM
Genitourinary/urogenital
system
Consists of the urinary tract and the
genital tract


Urinary Tract Infections

Can be divided into:
Upper urinary tract infections
Lower urinary tract infections
UTIs may be caused by any of a variety of
microorganisms introduced by poor personal
hygiene, sexual intercourse, the insertion of
catheters and some other means

Upper Urinary Tract
Infections
Nephritis/Pyelonephritis
General term referring to inflammation
of the kidneys
Pyelonephritis is the inflammation of
the renal parenchyma
E. coli is the most common cause of
nephritis and pyelonephritis
Most often, Nephritis is preceded by
cystitis

Upper Urinary Tract
Infections
Ureteritis
Inflammation of one or both ureters.
Usually caused by the spreading of
infection upward from the urinary
bladder or downward from the kidneys.
Lower Urinary Tract
Infections
Cystitis
inflammation of the urinary
bladder.
The most common type of UTI.
The most common cause is the
Escherichia coli
Other common causes are species of
Klebsiella, Proteus, Enterobacter,
Psuedomonas, and Enterococcus, as
well as Staphylococcus saphrophyticus,
S. epidermidis and Candida albicans.

Lower Urinary Tract
Infections
Urethritis
Inflammation of the urethra
Pathogens are usually transmitted
sexually
The most common cause is Chlamydia
trachomatis, but Neisseria gonorrhoeae,
ureaplasmas, and mycoplasmas can
also be the cause.
Urethritis that is not caused by N.
gonorrhoeae is often referred to as
nonspecific urethritis (NSU) or
nongonococcal urethritis (NGU)

Lower Urinary Tract
Infections
Prostatitis
Inflammation of the prostate gland
Is caused by a bacterium, a virus, a fungus or
a protozoan

Infections of the Genital
Tract
Bartholinitis
Inflammation of the Bartholins ducts
in women
Cervicitis
Inflammation of the cervix

Endometritis
Inflammation of the epididymis

Infections of the Genital
Tract
Epididymitis
Inflammation of the epididymis
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Inflammation of the fallopian tubes
Also known as salphingitis

Vaginitis
Inflammation of the vagina

Three most common causes of
Vaginitis:
Candida albicans
Trichomonas vaginalis
A mixture of bacteria (including the
bacteria in the genera Mobiluncus and
Gardnerella)
Infections of the Genital
Tract
Vulvovaginitis
Inflammation of the vulva (the external
genitalia of women)
Sexually Transmitted
Diseases of the Genital
Tract
Formerly called venereal disease, includes
any of the infections transmitted by sexual
activities
STDs affect not only the genital tract but
can also involve the skin, mucous
membranes, blood, lymphatic and
digestive systems and many other
anatomic sites.